Relevant bibliographies by topics / Llamas – Bolivia

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'Llamas – Bolivia'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Llamas – Bolivia.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Llamas – Bolivia"

1

Mas-Coma, Santiago, Maria Mercedes Cafrune, Ilra Renata Funatsu, Atilio Jose Mangold, Rene Angles, Paola Buchon, Maria Cecilia Fantozzi, Patricio Artigas, Maria Adela Valero, and Maria Dolores Bargues. "Fascioliasis in Llama, Lama glama, in Andean Endemic Areas: Experimental Transmission Capacity by the High Altitude Snail Vector Galba truncatula and Epidemiological Analysis of Its Reservoir Role." Animals 11, no. 9 (September 14, 2021): 2693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092693.

Full text
Abstract:
South American camelids are definitive hosts of Fasciola hepatica. However, their capacity to participate in the transmission and epidemiology of fascioliasis has never been appropriately studied. Therefore, an F. hepatica isolate from Argentine llama is for the first time analyzed using Galba truncatula lymnaeids from Bolivia. Experimental follow-up studies included egg embryogenesis, miracidial infection of lymnaeid snails, intramolluscan larval development, cercarial production, chronobiology of cercarial shedding, vector survival to infection, and metacercarial infectivity of mammal host. Shorter prepatent and patent periods were leading to markedly lower cercarial production, shorter cercarial shedding, and a higher negative impact on snail survival. The usually low liver fluke prevalences and intensities and low daily fecal outputs indicate that llamas do not substantially contribute to fascioliasis transmission. The defecating behavior in dung piles far from freshwater collections prevents lymnaeid infection by eggs shed by this camelid. All results suggest the reservoir role of the llama to be negligible and, therefore, no priority within control measures in endemic areas. However, llamas may play a disease-spreading role if used as pack animals in rural areas. In the Northern Bolivian Altiplano human hyperendemic area, neither llamas nor alpacas should be considered for control measures within a One Health action.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Cottyn, Hanne. "Copper, llamas and a virus." Commodity Frontiers, no. 1 (September 30, 2020): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/cf.2020a17966.

Full text
Abstract:
This essay reflects on my re-encounter with the llama herders of Turco (Bolivia) and their entanglement with histories of capitalism and indigenous resistance (after many years without visiting). The pandemic sheds a new light on these shifting entanglements.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Copa, Santiago, and Rene Condori. "Parámetros bioquímicos sanguíneos en llamas (Lama glama) alimentadas en praderas nativas tholar pajonal en Choquecota Oruro, Bolivia." Revista Alfa 4, no. 10 (January 1, 2020): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33996/revistaalfa.v4i10.68.

Full text
Abstract:
Con el objetivo de determinar los parámetros bioquímicos sanguíneos en llamas alimentadas en praderas naturales tholar pajonal, se tomó muestras de sangre por punción yugular de 62 llamas distribuidas por categorías de edad, que fueron procesadas en analizador de química sanguínea VetScanVS2 utilizando el Regent Rotor ABAXIS, los datos se analizaron con un diseño completamente al azar y las diferencias estadísticas por la prueba de comparación de medias de Duncan. Los resultados fueron: proteína total (PT) 6,60+0,51 g/dL, albúmina (ALB) 4,29+0,36 g/dL, globulina (GLOB) 2,29+0,55 g/dL, urea nitrógeno (BUN) 6,89+4,60 mg/dL, fosfatasa alcalina (ALP) 87,39+47,78 UI/L, alanina aminotransferasa (ALT) 10,42+3,60 UI/L, amilasa (AMY) 671,61+124,06 UI/L, creatinina (CRE) 2,52+0,49 mg/dL, bilirrubina total (TBIL) 0,30 mg/dL, glucosa (GLU) 105,65+17,83 mg/dL, calcio (CA) 9,30+0,33 mg/dL, fósforo (PHOS) 9,09+1,19 mg/dL, sodio (NA) 147,08+3,04 mEq/L y potasio (K) 5,99+0,80 mEq/L. La edad de llamas influye sobre los parámetros sanguíneos (P≤0,01) de PT (proteína total), ALB, GLOB, BUN, ALP, AMY, CRE, GLU, CA, PHOS; mientras la ALT,TBILL,NA y K no están influidos por la edad (P>0,05). En llamas cada individuo posee patrones diferentes de componentes químicos sanguíneos que pueden cambiar con la edad.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Sumar, Julio. "Present and Potential Role of South American Camelids in the High Andes." Outlook on Agriculture 17, no. 1 (March 1988): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708801700105.

Full text
Abstract:
Camels are commonly identified with the Old World but they are also to be found in South America. There four species – alpacas, llamas, vicuñas, and guanacos – have adapted themselves to the severe climate of the high Andes. They play an important role in the economies of Peru and Bolivia, and to a lesser extent in those of Chile, Argentina, and Ecuador.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

DEL VALLE, IGNACIO, GABRIEL DE LA FUENTE, and MANUEL FONDEVILA. "Ciliate protozoa of the forestomach of llamas (Lama glama) and alpacas (Vicugna pacos) from the Bolivian Altiplano." Zootaxa 1703, no. 1 (February 13, 2008): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1703.1.4.

Full text
Abstract:
Protozoal diversity in the forestomach of South American camelids (SAC) was studied in eight llamas and six alpacas from the Parque Natural Condoriri (3900 to 4100 m altitude, Departamento La Paz, Bolivia). Total protozoal concentrations were 3.6 times higher (P < 0.001) in the stomach contents of alpacas (39.6 x 10 4 ml -1 and 143.8 x 10 4 ml -1 in llamas and alpacas, respectively). Four to 11 species, all from the genus Entodinium, were observed in llamas, whereas from eight to nine species of Entodinium and minor proportions of Diplodinium (D. anisacanthum, D. dogieli, D. rangiferi), Eudiplodinium (E. bovis, E. maggii, E. neglectum) and Epidinium (E. ecaudatum) were observed in alpacas. The presence of Epidinium species in the alpaca is a new host record. The vestibuliferids, Dasytricha and Isotricha were absent from the forestomach of SAC, as well as other species such as Caloscolex genus, Diplodinium cameli and Entodinium ovumrajae, commonly found in Old World camelids.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Limon, Georgina, Javier Guitian, and Neville G. Gregory. "A note on the slaughter of llamas in Bolivia by the puntilla method." Meat Science 82, no. 3 (July 2009): 405–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.01.022.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Bolton, Maggie. "Counting Llamas and Accounting for People: Livestock, Land and Citizens in Southern Bolivia." Sociological Review 55, no. 1 (February 2007): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.2007.00680.x.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Lowrey, Kathleen B. "Llamas, Weavings, and Organic Chocolate: Multicultural Grassroots Development in the Andes and Amazon of Bolivia:"Llamas, Weavings, and Organic Chocolate: Multicultural Grassroots Development in the Andes and Amazon of Bolivia." American Anthropologist 105, no. 3 (September 2003): 656–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.2003.105.3.656.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Stephenson, Marcia, and Kevin Healy. "Llamas, Weavings, and Organic Chocolate: Multicultural Grassroots Development in the Andes and Amazon of Bolivia." Contemporary Sociology 31, no. 6 (November 2002): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3089963.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Davis, Shelton H. "Llamas, Weavings, and Organic Chocolate: Multicultural Grassroots Development in the Andes and Amazon of Bolivia (review)." Human Rights Quarterly 24, no. 1 (2002): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2002.0006.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Llamas – Bolivia"

1

Lopez, Lopez Lino Constancio. "Hair, Feces and Breath Isotope Fractionation in Alpacas (Llama pacos), Llamas (Llama glama) and Guanacos (Llama guanacoe) from Bolivia and Chile." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2676.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Tuco, Cano Eloy. "Zoometric measures in llamas (Lama glama) of rural families in the T'olar and Pajonal natural grazing fields of the municipality Santiago de Machaca - department of La Paz." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5440.

Full text
Abstract:
Llamas have provided, and continue to provide, fiber, meat, skins, fertilizer and transport for the Andean people. In addition, they are part of the traditional and religious culture of the Aymara and the Quechua. Both are currently unaware of the productive qualities of llamas, especially those related to meat production, which is the principle product responsible for generating greater income for farmers. For this reason, 554 llamas were evaluated from a total of 3,693 in 2005. The llamas came from T’olar and Pajonal grasslands in the Santiago de Machaca region of La Paz, Bolivia and represented males and females from four age categories (newborn, 1-2 years, juvenile, and adult). They were evaluated with the objective of determining the zoometric measurements of llamas fed on T’olar and Pajonal grasses. Evaluations were categorized according to gender and age group, while also applying descriptive statistics of zoometric measurements of llama anatomy including the head, neck, thorax, and abdomen regions, as well as height, weight, and fur thickness. The Pv measurement for T’olar fed llamas (64.4 kg) was higher than that of the Pajonal fed llamas (59.9 kg). With respect to gender, females (67.1 kg) were larger than males (53.0 kg). Adults were the largest age group (89.7 kg), followed by juveniles (85.9 kg), 1-2 years (58.7 kg) and newborns (34.1 kg). The T’olar llamas achieved better results than the Pajonal llamas. Furthermore, females were superior to males, most likely due to the large number of females as compared to males in the llamas. Zoometric measurements increased with age, generally reaching a statistically significant margin (P<0.01) between age groups. Growth was greatest between the newborn and juvenile groups but it ultimately slowed down afterwards.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Cartagena, Catacora José. "Evaluation of vicuñas (Vicugna vicugna) fed with three types of hay in stables in the municipality of Tiahuanaco, department of La Paz." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5343.

Full text
Abstract:
This study was conducted in the Rural Academic Unit of Tiahuanaco, in the Ingavi province, in the department of La Paz. Three juvenile vicunas and three adult vicunas were used. Our objective was to observe the development of vicunas (Vicugna vicugna) fed with three types of hay (Bromus catharicus Phalaris tuberoisum and Medicago sativa) in stables. We obtained the following results: rectal temperature of 38.2ºC in juveniles and 38.6ºC in adults; heart rate of 68 beats/min in juveniles and 67 beats/min in adults; respiratory rate of 18 breaths/min in juveniles and 17 breaths/min in adults; femoral vein pulse of 70 pulses/min in juveniles and 64 pulses/min in adults; compartment movement of 7 movements/min 7 times in juveniles and 7 movements/min 7 times in adults. Measurements for apparent digestibility were: (MS) 78.8% in juveniles and 80.4% in adults; (MO) 74.2% in juveniles and 76.4% in adults; (PB) 85.2% in juveniles and 83.7% in adults; (EE) 83.2% in juveniles and 76.2% in adults; (FDN) 75.6% in juveniles and 73.8% in adults; (ELN) 81.2% in juveniles and 78.3% in adults; (NDT) 80.4% in juveniles and 77.7% in adults; (ED/Kcal) 353.8 grams in juveniles and 341.8 grams in adults. For metabolites en vicuna serum we obtained: total protein of 6.7 g/dl in juveniles and 7.7 g/dl in adults; albumin of 5.3 g/dl in juveniles and 5.7 g/dl in adults; creatinine of 1.3 mg/dl in juveniles and 1.5 mg/dl in adults; urea of 40.7 mg/dl in juveniles and 39.2 mg/dl in adults; glucose of 131.8 mg/dl in juveniles and 130.7 mg/dl in adults; cholesterol of 29 mg/dl in juveniles and 27.4 mg/dl in adults; triglycerides of 44.2 mg/dl in juveniles; GPT of 5.5 UI/I in juveniles and 5.1 UI/I in adults; GOT of 5.4 UI/I in juveniles and 5.1 UI/I in adults; calcium of 8.5 mg/dl in juveniles and 8.3 mg/dl in adults; phosphorus of 2.4 mg/dl in juveniles and 2.3 mg/dl in adults; magnesium of 19 mEq/L. Lastly, we observed a weight gain of 2.6 g/day in juveniles and 1.8 g/day in adults.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Flores, Demetrio Laruta. "Componentes bioquimicos en la secrecion de las galdnulas bulbouretrales de llama (Lama glama) en tres edades /." Diss., La Paz, Bolivia, 2002. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cgi-bin/docviewer.exe?CISOROOT=/Benson&CISOPTR=5500.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Flores, Lópes Francisco. "Determination of protein profile and presence of antibodies in llama seminal plasma (Llama glama)." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2002. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5364.

Full text
Abstract:
Internationally, Bolivia has the largest llama population followed by Peru. This makes our country a power in this renewable resource for working and generating economic development. This is mainly because of the quality of llama meat, which has nutritional properties superior to other animal species. The development and research in our country of llamas is not very significant. But in other countries advanced studies have been done for years, specifically in the area of reproduction, which represents problems for intensive repopulation because of singular characteristics of semen and copulation. The present research work was done at the UAC in Tiahuanacu (U.C.B.) and is titled: “Determination of protein profile and presence of antibodies in llama seminal plasma at three, four, and five years of age.” At different dates of semen collection, protein fractions were determined, their molecular weights, presence of antibodies and concentrations of protein fractions. This determined the presence of possible components of seminal plasma caused by low percentages of successful breeding for these animals. In the field work, a series of tests were done so the male would respond to the artificial collection of semen. It began with the mannequin technique (Peruvian) and others, which had no results. The objective was obtained with the mannequin technique for the llama group, which was accepted by 80% of the males. The lab work consisted of separating the seminal plasma from the semen with a centrifuge. Electrophoresis was used to determine protein fractions. This helps to determine the number of protein fractions, their molecular weights, immunoglobulins and their concentrations. The highest concentrations of protein fractions were found in four and five year old animals with 15 to 18 protein fractions. In weekly semen collections the last week showed 18 fractions (four year old animals). These could possibly play an important role in nutrition, capacitation and protection of spermatozoa. The molecular weights of the proteins in seminal plasma vary from one animal to another and dates of collection. The extreme ranges are from 2,000 to 150,000 Daltons. Five year old animals have higher molecular weights with respect to younger animals. With respect to immunoglobulins or antibodies, proteins with molecular weights of 150,000 to 152,500 Daltons were found in animals from three to five years old. Immunoglobulins G in llama seminal plasma were found using the radial immune diffusion technique. Concentrations of protein fractions are variable with extreme ranges from 11.65 to 0.03 mg/ml of seminal plasma. These variations are heterogeneous in the age of the animals as well as in the collections dates. There is a slight increase in five year old animals in the third week of semen collection. The finals results of the proteins fractions and their molecular weights show that there are antibodies in llama seminal plasma. These play an important role in spermatic viability, which is why this subject should continue to be researched to determine its specific function and look for alternatives to isolate and neutralize these antibodies and increase the fertility indexes of these animals.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Guerrero, Carrera Verónica del Rocío. "Effect of the use of amaranth leaf flour in the development of a diet for guinea pigs." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2006. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5373.

Full text
Abstract:
This study was carried out in the San Clemente community. The objective was to analyze the effect of using amaranth leaf flour in the creation of a diet for guinea pigs. The field work was done over a period of 12 months and was done in two phases: Development of the diet: this was done by growing the amaranth, cutting it, and dehydrating it until flour was obtained. Then, it was mixed into the diet in accordance with the pre-determined formula along with the other respective materials. Handling of guinea pigs: This was done in the shed of the San Clemente community after it had been re-conditioned and disinfected. The weaned guinea pigs were taken there for the study for a period of 2 months. A completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatments was used. Each treatment had four repetitions. There was one experimental unit, which consisted of five guinea pigs. The data were evaluated via an analysis of variance, a Tukey test, and orthogonal comparisons. The variable of interest was the % of amaranth flour in a basic diet. The treatments were as follows: T0= Control diet with 0% amaranth flour; T1= 20% amaranth flour; T2= 40% amaranth flour; T3= 60% amaranth flour; T4= 80% amaranth flour; T5= Fresh amaranth with herbs from the community. Analyzed Variables: biweekly weight gain; monthly mortality; daily dry feed intake; production costs per treatment; and tasting. From the results, we concluded that the T1 diet and grass-feeding in the community were the best options since they presented the best results in weight gain and nutrient conversion. With regard to dry feed intake, T5 was consumed in the greatest quantities and thus had the highest production cost.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Bustos, Fernández Franz Nicolas. "Diluents for cryopreservation of semen from non-woolly llamas (Lama glama)." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5337.

Full text
Abstract:
The collection and preservation of llama semen is not a standardized procedure as it is in cattle. It has a number of complications that are mainly associated with the characteristics of the semen. In order to contribute to the knowledge of reproductive biology, we decided to evaluate the behavior of llama semen in relation to the different diluters in this study. This study was done at the National Germplasm Bank for Camelids which is part of the Ministry of Rural Development of Agriculture and Environment. The Ministry is located in the Agriculture Experiment Center of Condoriri which belongs to the College of Agriculture, Livestock, and Veterinary Sciences of the Technical University of Oruro. The University is located 49 km northeast of the province of Cercado in the department of Oruro and 12 km northeast of the community of Caracollo. The geographic coordinates of Caracollo are 17º31’41” south latitude and 67º14’02” west longitude. It is at an altitude of 3830 m above sea level and has an area of 1640 ha (Geographical map of the Military Geographical Institute). The macroscopic evaluations made were: pH (7.2 - 7.6), volume (2 - 4.5 cc), color (clear white or milky white), density, or consistency by simple inspection (subjective). The microscopic evaluations made were: motility (50 - 70%), viability (50 - 70%), concentration (20 - 40 x 107/esp./cc), and abnormalities (10% at most). All materials and environments used in this assessment were at room temperature. The analysis of variance test at 99% probability showed that the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics are affected by different harvest times. The two diluter preparations studied were 1) PBS diluter (with all its components that will serve the sperm as energy, nutrient, and cushioning), egg yolk, blood serum, and glycerol, and 2) TRIS diluter (with all its components that will serve the sperm as energy, nutrient, cushioning, and elements to avoid contamination), egg yolk, blood serum, and glycerol. All these materials were brought to 35 - 37ºC before being added to the semen. The prepared samples containing the diluent were then cooled to 5ºC. The samples were then collected for storage, with special care to maintain the sample temperature. The freezing was done slowly by placing the rack of containers at a given height of liquid nitrogen for seven to ten minutes. Following this, the containers were submerged. This slow freezing process prevented problems in the metabolism of the sperm after thawing. The samples were unthawed at intervals of 15 and 30 days by rapidly removing them from the liquid nitrogen and placing them in a water bath for 30 seconds. The evaluations of viability, motility, and concentration were all performed within 15 minutes of thawing. The results obtained from the analyses after thawing on average were better for the diluter PBS than for the diluter TRIS. The analysis of variance test at 99% probability showed that the characteristics after thawing were affected differently according to the diluter used in the dilution.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Alarcon, Chuquichambi Adelaida. "Living digestibility of alfalfa and barley in llamas (Lama glama) in the agricultural experimental center Condoriri." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2005. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5328.

Full text
Abstract:
The following investigation was carried out in the Agricultural Experimental Center Condoriri (CEAC), dependent on the Faculty of Agricultural Livestock Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, located to the North of the Province border of the Department of Oruro, a distance of 12 km from the town of Caracollo and 49 km from the city of Oruro. The production of llamas and alpacas in our country is an activity of ecological, social, and especially ecological importance for Andean inhabitants. In nutrition, the fundamental factor is the power of absorption; this is because the yield of animal production depends on the quantity and quality of forage consumed. Digestibility in animals is established based on basic consumption comparison and the values of digestibility of the food. For this reason, as previously expressed, we propose in the following research "Living digestibility of alfalfa and barley in llamas in the CEAC" to establish parameters of digestibility, with the following objectives: To evaluate the characteristics of production: consumption of food, consumption of water, excretion of wastes, elimination of urine and gain of living weight. To determine the digestibility of the nutrients: dry matter, raw protein, ash, air intake, raw fiber, nitrogen free extract, and total digestible nutrients. For this purpose 4 male llamas (sarijos) were utilized, taking into account the live weight, age, and breed. The investigation had two evaluation groups: the first group with a supply of alfalfa and the second group with a diet of barley. The investigation's duration was a total of 30 days, considering the following variables: characteristics of production (consumption of food, consumption of water, wastes excreted, volume of urine, and behavior of body weight); digestibility of nutrients (raw protein, ash, raw fiber, air intake, nitrogen free extract, and total digestible nutrients); leading to the following conclusions: > The average consumption of alfalfa by the llama is 6.49 kg/MF per day, of which 1344.5 g is MS, superior and distinct in respect to the fodder barley with 4.92 kg of MF/day and 1328.4 g of MS/day. Water consumption by the llama with the supply of alfalfa is of 0.77 liters; with barley it is 0.35 liters. The llamas with the supply of alfalfa excreted an average of 1.44 kg of waste, of which is 365.9 g of MS and the group with barley registered an average of 1.27 kg and 359.9 g of MS. With regard to the elimination of the volume of urine was between 2.80 and 1.22 liters per day respectively. Live weight at the start of the study was of 116.25 kg per llama and subsequent to the experimental stage of live digestibility the weight averaged 117.69 kg. Therefore, the increase of live weight during the experimental phase was equal to 1.44 kg. The daily increase of living weight in the llamas submitted to the consumption of alfalfa came to an average of 142.9 g/day/animal with a conversion allowance of 9.4. In contrast, the animals fed with barley registered a greater gain of 257 g/day/animal and a conversion allowance of 5.2. > The ratio of digestibility demonstrated by the Coefficients of Digestibility (%) of the alfalfa: MS = 72.85, C = 57.30, PC = 81.49, EE= 85.52, FC = 58.61, ELN = 77.96 and NDT = 69.17. In contrast, the coefficients of digestibility with the barley they were of 72.88% of MS, 33.13% of Ash, 74.62% PC, 84.19% of EE, 65.29% of FC, 77.08% of ELN and 68.74% of NDT.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Lopes, Francisco Flores. "Determination of the Protein Fraction and Presence of Antibodies in the Seminal Fluid of Llama (Lama glama)." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2002. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5386.

Full text
Abstract:
At an international level, Bolivia possesses the largest population of llamas followed by Peru. This makes our country a power, in this renewable resource, to create and generate economic development primarily for the quality of llama meat which has nutritional properties superior to other species of animals used for food. The development of the investigation of llamas in our country has not been very far-reaching. In other countries, advances have been made for quite some time, specifically in the area of reproduction, which presents problems in bringing about an intensive repopulation due to the unique characteristics of llama copulation and semen. With the present work, carried out in the Unidad Académica Campesina - Tiahuanaco (Universidad Católica Boliviana), titled: Determination of the Protein Fraction and Presence of Antibodies in the Seminal Fluid of Llamas of 3, 4, and 5 years of age, in Different Dates of Semen Collection, the number of protein fractions, their molecular weights, the presence of antibodies, and the concentrations of the protein fractions was determined. This will lead to determining the possible presence of a component in the seminal fluid which is responsible for the low percentage of births achieved in these animals. In studies conducted in the field, a series of tests were carried out so the male would respond to the artificial collection of the semen, beginning with the puppet technique (Peruvian) and others, all of which did not produce results. The objective was achieved with the mannequin of a llama's hindquarters which was accepted by 80% of the males. Laboratory studies consisted in separating seminal fluid from the semen through centrifugation. An electrophoresis technique was employed in order to examine the protein fractions. This technique allowed determination of the number of protein fractions, their molecular weights, immunoglobulin, and their concentrations. The highest number of protein fractions was found in 4 and 5-year-old animals with 15 to 18 protein fractions. In the weekly collection of semen, the final week returned 18 protein fractions (in the 4-year-old animal), which fractions may possibly play an important role in the nutrition, capacitation, and protection of the spermatozoid. The molecular weights of the proteins found in the seminal fluid vary from one animal to another and in the collection dates. The extremes in the range of molecular weights are from 2,000 to 150,000 Daltons. Animals five years in age presented higher molecular weights compared with younger animals. Regarding immunoglobulin or antibodies, proteins were found with molecular weights from 150,000 to 152,500 Daltons in animals from three to five years of age. Through the radial immunodiffusion technique, immunoglobulin G was found in the llama seminal fluid. The protein fraction concentrations are variable, ranging from 11.65 to 0.03 mg/mL of seminal fluid. These variations are heterogeneous as much in animal age as in dates of collection. There exists a loose superiority in five-year-olds and during the third week of semen collection. The obtained results of the protein fractions and their molecular weights demonstrate the existence of antibodies in the seminal fluid of the llama that play an important role in spermatic viability. Because of this, continued investigation should be carried out to determine the antibodies' specific function and find alternatives to isolate and neutralize them and increase the fertility figures of these animals.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Delgado, Callisaya Pedro Angel. "Componentes bioquimicos del plasma seminal de Llama (Lama glama) en tres edades /." Diss., La Paz, Bolivia, 2002. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cgi-bin/docviewer.exe?CISOROOT=/Benson&CISOPTR=5495.

Full text
Abstract:
Tesis de grado Presentada a la carrera de Ingenieria Zootecnica, Universidad Catolica Boliviana "San Pablo" Unidad Academica Campesina Tiahuanaco, Carrera Ingeniera Zootechnica.
Abstract in Spanish and English.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Llamas – Bolivia"

1

International Fund for Agricultural Development. Censo nacional de llamas y alpacas--Bolivia. La Paz, Bolivia: Fondo Internacional de Desarrollo Agricola, 1999.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Healy, Kevin. Llamas, weavings, and organic chocolate: Multicultural grassroots development in the Andes and Amazon of Bolivia. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame, 2000.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Daniel, Delgadillo, ed. Reflejo culinario de Los Lípez: Variaciones sobre quinua real y llama. La Paz, Bolivia: Consorcio de Lípez, 2006.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

(Bolivia), Comité Revolucionario Campesino. Llamado a los bolivianos para derribar al gobierno de los ricos, vendepatria, narcotraficante y hambreador. Potosí: Comité Revolucionario Campesino, 1988.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Perspectiva boliviana sobre la globalización: Un llamado a la reflexión. La Paz, Bolivia: SOBODE, 2002.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Healy, Kevin. Llamas, Weavings, and Organic Chocolate: Multicultural Grassroots Development in the Andes and Amazon of Bolivia. University of Notre Dame Press, 2000.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Healy, Kevin. Llamas, Weavings, and Organic Chocolate: Multicultural Grassroots Development in the Andes and Amazon of Bolivia. University of Notre Dame Press, 2001.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Didier, Genin, O.R.S.T.O.M. (Agency : France), Programa de Autodesarrollo Campesino, Fase de Consolidación, Oruro (Bolivia), and Instituto Boliviano de Tecnología Agropecuaria., eds. Waira pampa: Un sistema pastoril camélidos-ovinos del altiplano árido boliviano. La Paz: ORSTOM, 1995.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Parkinson, Michael, John P. Dalton, and Sandra M. O’Neill. Fasciolosis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0079.

Full text
Abstract:
Liver fluke disease, or fasciolosis, of livestock and humans is caused by endoparasitic trematodes of the genus Fasciola. Fasciola hepatica is responsible for the disease in temperate climates whereas F. gigantica is found in tropical zones. Recently, hybrids between F. hepatica and F. gigantica have been described (Le et al. 2008, Periago et al. 2008). Fasciolosis is a true zoonoses as it is predominantly a disease of animals that can be transmitted to humans at a specific stage of the parasite’s complex life cycle. There are a number of definitive hosts which includes sheep, cattle, and humans but this parasite has evolved to infect many other mammalian hosts including pigs, dogs, alpacas, llamas, rats, and goats (Apt et al. 1993; Chen and Mott 1990; Esteban et al. 1998). While prevalence of infection in humans may be relatively low in relation to animals, in specific geographic locations, for example in Bolivia, the prevalence of fasciolosis is so high in the human populations (hyperendemic) that it contributes to the spread of disease in animals (Esteban et al. 1999; Mas-Coma et al. 1999).Archeological studies showing Fasciola eggs in ancient mummies in Egypt demonstrate that fasciolosis is an ancient human disease (David 1997). Sporadic cases of fasciolosis were reported in Egypt in 1958 (Kuntz et al. 1958). The first to carry out an extensive review on human fasciolosis were Chen and Mott (1990). They reported 2,595 cases in over 40 countries in Europe, the Americas, Asia, Africa and the western Pacifi c from 1970 – 1990. This review raised awareness of fasciolosis in humans and triggered a growth in epidemiological studies and a consequential dramatic increase in reporting of cases in the literature. Now human fasciolosis is recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an important disease in humans with an estimated 2.4 million people infected annually and 180 million at risk to infection in over 61 countries (Haseeb et al. 2002). There have been several cases of large scale epidemics in France (Dauchy et al. 2007), Egypt (Curtale et al. 2007) and Iran (Rokni et al. 2002).However, the only extensive epidemiological studies to determine the rate of infection have been carried out in Egypt and Bolivia (Curtale et al. 2003, 2007; Esteban et al. 2002; Parkinson et al. 2007). These studies have shown that co-infection with other diseases is a common occurrence and this may lead to under-reporting of the incidence of fasciolosis (Esteban et al. 2003; Maiga et al. 1991). In many countries, the overall rates of infection are extrapolated from sporadic reports of the disease and, consequently, worldwide disease prevalence is uncertain. In this chapter we will review the cause and effect of human fasciolosis, and particularly highlight important considerations in designing control strategies to reduce infection in at-risk communities.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Bachmeier, Stefanie. Composition Notebook: Llama with Nursing Baby Bolivia Mountains Journal Notebook Blank Lined Ruled 6x9 100 Pages. Independently Published, 2020.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Book chapters on the topic "Llamas – Bolivia"

1

Dougherty, Bernard, and Horacio A. Calandra. "Prehispanic human settlement in the Llanos de Moxos, Bolivia." In Quaternary of South America and Antarctic Peninsula, 163–99. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003079200-10.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Erickson, Clark L. "Archaeological methods for the study of ancient landscapes of the Llanos de Mojos in the Bolivian Amazon." In Archaeology in the Lowland American Tropics, 66–95. Cambridge University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511521188.004.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Balée, William. "Indigeneity of Past Landscape Transformations of the Tropics." In Humans and the Environment. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199590292.003.0011.

Full text
Abstract:
Indigeneity is the living heritage of traditional peoples. It includes not only their languages and cultures but their transformational etchings on landscapes—not just alterations in the form of inanimate structural changes of the substrate, as in the construction of earthworks and edifices, but sometimes changing the composition of the living flora and fauna. Archaeology is crucial to the identification of indigeneity in the past and in the analysis of landscapes and seascapes associated with it. Landscape transformations, from the perspective of historical ecology, refer to the turnover in species of given locales because of human-mediated disturbance. Primary landscape transformation denotes complete species turnover, whereas secondary landscape transformation denotes partial species turnover. In both cases, substrate alterations occur, but in primary landscape transformation these are qualitatively more profound. In order to understand landscape transformations, we might begin with consideration of geographer Carl Sauer’s comment (1963 [1925]: 333) that ‘We cannot form an idea of landscape except in terms of its time relations as well as of its space relations. It is in continuous process of development or of dissolution and replacement.’ Indigeneity is one of the factors involved in dissolution and replacement, which I refer to as ‘transformation’. Landscapes created in the past through mechanisms rooted in indigeneity are often called the ‘built environment’ by archaeologists. In many tropical forests, including those of Greater Amazonia, the Atlantic Coastal Forest, West Africa, Central Africa, Malesia, and Micronesia, both primary and secondary landscape transformations have noticeably affected the distribution of plant and animal species. In some cases, with specific reference to primary landscape transformation, entire forests came into existence, such as in the Llanos de Mojos, Bolivia and in Guinea, West Africa (see Fairhead, Chapter 16 this volume for more detailed discussion of anthropogenic forests in West Africa). Secondary landscape transformation occurred in the context of ancient settlements, the alteration of ridge tops, swidden cultivation, and resource management, such as in Pre-Amazonian forests of Eastern Brazil, Central African forests, and various forests of Malesia.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Llamas – Bolivia' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography