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Journal articles on the topic 'LLC topology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

He, Jun Ping, Jin Lu Wang, and Guo Zhuang Bai. "Design and Analysis of a Novel Interleaving LLC SMPS with Load Current Sharing Performance." Advanced Materials Research 677 (March 2013): 346–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.677.346.

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LLC series resonant topology has been widely adopted in many kinds of power converters for its high frequency, high efficiency and high power density advantages. However, the ordinary topology of a single-phase LLC is not fit to be used in low-voltage high-current output field for its relative larger output voltage ripple. In order to provide a low voltage and high current output using a LLC topology, a novel interleaving LLC switched-mode power supply design was proposed to reduce output voltage ripples ripple in this paper. This design used two hardware measures to automatically ensure a good load current sharing effect between two-branch LLC circuits and avoid the PFM difficulties of the active current sharing methods. The principles and design procedures of this novel LLC converter were introduced in detail and verified by Saber simulation results. A 1.5kW DC/DC prototype was built up in the end and the experiment results showed that a good current sharing performance was achieved.

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2

Cui, Jia Min, Xian Feng Yu, and Wei Jie Xu. "Design on LED Driver Based on LLC Resonant Topology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 1702–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.1702.

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As for the DC/DC part in high-effiency LED driver with constant current output, this paper presents the circuit based on LLC resonant topology. The principle of the LLC resonant converter, design process, and the influence of different key parameters to its performance are also prensented. Design considerations and experimental results are presented for a 200W LED driver prototype which demonstrating good performance and the efficiency of the LLC resont converter can be reached above 95%.

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3

Watanabe, Hiroki, Jun-ichi Itoh, Naoki Koike, and Shinichiro Nagai. "PV Micro-Inverter Topology Using LLC Resonant Converter." Energies 12, no. 16 (August 13, 2019): 3106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12163106.

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In this paper, a DC–single-phase AC power converter with an LLC resonant converter is presented for a photovoltaic (PV) micro-inverter application. This application requires the leakage current suppression capability. Therefore, an isolated power converter is usually combined for DC/AC systems. The LLC resonant converter is the one of the isolated power converter topologies, and it has good performance for conversion efficiency with easy control. On the other hand, a double-line frequency power ripple has to be compensated for in order to improve the performance of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Therefore, a bulky electrolytic capacitor is usually necessary for the power converter. However, the electrolytic capacitor may limit the lifetime of the micro-inverter. This paper introduces the PV micro-inverter with a LLC resonant converter. In addition, the active power decoupling circuit is applied in order to compensate the double-line frequency power ripple by the small capacitor in order to eliminate the electrolytic capacitor. Finally, the transformer design is considered in order to reduce the transformer losses. As a result, the conversion efficiency of the LLC converter is improved by 1% when the litz wire has many strands.

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4

Gao, Tian, Qi Wang, Yan Yang, and He He. "Modeling and Design of High Power Half-Bridge LLC Resonant Converter." Advanced Materials Research 711 (June 2013): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.711.367.

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ntroduction was made to the working principle of topology for the half-bridge LLC resonant converter. Steady-state models of the high power LLC resonant network were researched. The high power half-bridge LLC converter was modeled and analyzed with First Harmonic Approach so as to obtain the optimal parameters. The turn ration of the converter was selected. The resonant inductance, resonant capacitance and excitation inductance were designed. The feasibility of the high power LLC converter design has been verified through simulation.

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5

Zhu, Xian Tao, Shen Chen, Ling Wu, and Wei Yao. "Research on LLC DC-DC Transformer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 1913–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.1913.

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Regulated DC-DC converter and unregulated DC-DC transformer is the basic types of DC-DC converter. Now the research is focusing on the regulated form named regulated LLC resonant DC-DC converter. Unregulated form of LLC resonant DC-DC converter named LLC resonant DC-DC transformer is studied in this paper in order to increase the practical topology of soft-switching and high-efficiency DC-DC transformer. Design method is proposed by the gain curve analyze of LLC resonant DC-DC transformer, and load characteristic of gain and efficiency of the DC-DC transformer is analyzed specializing for optimal design. A LLC resonant DC-DC transformer prototype is designed and implemented. Experimental results verify the correctness and validity of the design method and the load characteristic analysis.

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6

Cao, Ting. "The Design of High Power LED Driver Power Supply Based on the Pattern of LLC Harmonic." Advanced Materials Research 997 (August 2014): 862–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.997.862.

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The working principle of LLC resonant converter is analyzed. On the basis of the analysis, a high power LED driver power supply circuit is designed based on LLC resonant model. Driver circuit is two-stage: the pre-driver circuit using boundary-conduction mode controller L6562 achieves PFC function, while the post-stage LLC half-bridge topology provides constant pressure parts. This structure makes the overall efficiency of the circuit is higher. And the simulation experiment of the circuit is carried out and the experimental results verify that the driver power supply can achieve high efficiency, low loss and so on.

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7

Yan, Xiang Wu, Lei Sun, Bo Zhang, and Zheng Lv. "Investigation on Type-4 and Type-11 Mixed Topology of LLC Resonant Converter." Advanced Materials Research 960-961 (June 2014): 1254–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.960-961.1254.

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LLC resonant converter can adjust the output for a wide range of source and load with a small fluctuation of switching frequency, so it is used widely. This paper introduces all arrangements of LLC topological group, then proposes a new topology which is consist of Type-4 and Type-11 that used widely,in this paper we also give its calculate method of resonant frequency. Lastly we get gain characteristics of the topologies in the PSpice simulation environment and analyse the influence factors on adjustment ability in certain load range .

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8

Khalid, Umar, Muhammad Mansoor Khan, Muhammad Zahid Khan, Muhammad Ahmad Usman Rasool, and Jianming Xu. "Pulse Width and Frequency Hybrid Modulated LLC Converter Adapted to Ultra Wide Voltage Range." Inventions 3, no. 4 (November 11, 2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions3040077.

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In wide voltage range applications such as electric vehicles (EVs) onboard charging, conventional frequency modulated LLC topology has its intrinsic limitations. Its frequency span is extremely wide and the soft switching feature might get lost. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel LLC resonant converter. The pulse width and frequency hybrid modulation are adopted to narrow down its switching frequency span. The operating principles, circuit modeling, and the design methodology are presented. A 1 kW rated prototype has been built to realize an efficient power flow between the 400 V DC bus and 200–440 V battery pack. The designed prototype validates the effectiveness of the proposed topology and modulation method. 96.8% peak efficiency is measured for the constructed experimental prototype.

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9

Frivaldsky, Michal, Jan Morgos, and Andrej Kanovsky. "Dual Interleaved LLC Converter for High Power Applications and Wide Load Range." Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 25, no. 3 (June 25, 2019): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eie.25.3.23669.

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Dual interleaved LLC resonant converter with half bridge topology of main circuit characterized by high switching frequency (500 kHz), high power density (60 W/inch3) and high efficiency (above 96 %) over entire operational range (20 %–100 %) is described. Focus was given on the practical design of power converter, which will be able to fulfil requirements on wide load range operation characterized by upcoming normative. Since proposed topology is based on dual interleaved LLC converter, the resonant component´s critical tolerance was also investigated to secure reliable and optimal operational point. Consequently, proposals for elimination of intolerance negative impact are also described. The results of theoretical analysis were verified directly through experimental measurements. Experimental results are finally compared with upcoming industrial standard 80 Plus Titanium.

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10

Xiong, Ze Cheng, Qiang Yin, Zhi Jun Luo, and Hao Pang. "Step-Up DC/DC Transformer Based on LLC Resonant Full Bridge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 734 (February 2015): 864–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.734.864.

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In view of the LLC series resonant converter topology, it is well known as suitable for small and medium power application, the stabilization of output voltage and the environment of step-dowm. The scheme is proposed for a kind of the step-up DC/DC transformer based on LLC resonant full bridge. The detailed design method is given. The 3KW prototype is built. The experimental results show it has the characteristics of the constant current discharge, wide working frequency and high power desity, as well, the feasibility is verified.

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11

Qian, Ting, and Chenghui Qian. "A Combined Topology With Coupled LLC Resonance for Wide-Range Operation." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 34, no. 7 (July 2019): 6593–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2018.2876134.

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12

Humaira, Hussain, Seung-Woo Baek, Hag-Wone Kim, and Kwan-Yuhl Cho. "Circuit Topology and Small Signal Modeling of Variable Duty Cycle Controlled Three-Level LLC Converter." Energies 12, no. 20 (October 10, 2019): 3833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203833.

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With a view to regulate the output voltage with fixed frequency, without using any additional component or complex modulation technique, a topology of a variable duty controlled three-level LLC converter is proposed and an equivalent small signal model for Electric Vehicle (EV) charger applications is deduced in this paper. The steady state equations of each operating region are derived in time domain. Based on an Extended Describing Function (EDF) approach, a small signal equivalent circuit is modeled which includes both frequency and duty controlled terms. The equivalent circuit is further simplified to derive a transfer function of duty control to output voltage. The transfer function is verified through simulation software. Analyzing the transfer function, a voltage controller is designed and implemented with a PI compensator. The simulation results of the proposed control schemes are illustrated and discussed. The topology is compared to a conventional frequency control topology and the merits of the proposed topology are presented.

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13

Lin, Jing-Yuan, Chuan-Ting Chen, Kuan-Hung Chen, and Yi-Feng Lin. "Analysis of Three-Phase Wye-Delta Connected LLC." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 17, 2021): 3606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123606.

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Three-phase wye–delta LLC topology is suitable for voltage step down and high output current, and has been used in the industry for some time, e.g., for server power and EV charger. However, no comprehensive circuit analysis has been performed for three-phase wye–delta LLC. This paper provides complete analysis methods for three-phase wye–delta LLC. The analysis methods include circuit operation, time domain analysis, frequency domain analysis, and state–plane analysis. Circuit operation helps determine the circuit composition and operation sequence. Time domain analysis helps understand the detail operation, equivalent circuit model, and circuit equation. Frequency domain analysis helps obtain the curve of the transfer function and assists in circuit design. State–plane analysis is used for optimal trajectory control (OTC). These analyses not only can calculate the voltage/current stress, but can also help design three-phase wye-delta connected LLC and provide the OTC control reference. In addition, this paper uses PSIM simulation to verify the correctness of analysis. At the end, a 5-kW three-phase wye–delta LLC prototype is realized. The specification of the prototype is a DC input voltage of 380 V and output voltage/current of 48 V/105 A. The peak efficiency is 96.57%.

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14

Luong, X., M. Juillard, S. Mellet, and D. Longree. "Trees and After: The Concept of Text Topology. Some Applications to Verb-Form Distributions in Language Corpora." Literary and Linguistic Computing 22, no. 2 (December 8, 2006): 167–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqm008.

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15

Lin, Bor-Ren, and Kun-Yi Chen. "Hybrid LLC Converter with Wide Range of Zero-Voltage Switching and Wide Input Voltage Operation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22 (November 20, 2020): 8250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10228250.

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A new hybrid inductor-inductor-capacitor (LLC) converter is investigated to have wide voltage input operation capability and zero-voltage turn-on characteristics. The presented circuit topology can be applied for consumer power units without power factor correction or with long hold-up time requirement, photovoltaic energy conversion and renewable energy power transfer. To overcome the weakness of narrow voltage gain of resonant converter, the hybrid LLC converter with different turns ratio of transformer is presented and the experimental investigation is provided to achieve wide voltage input capability (400 V–50 V). On the input-side, the converter can operate as full bridge resonant circuit or half bridge resonant circuit with input split capacitors for high or low voltage input region. On the output-side, the less or more winding turns is selected to overcome wide voltage input operation. According to the circuit structures and transformer turns ratio, the single stage LLC converter with wide voltage input operation capability (400 V–50 V) is accomplished. The laboratory prototype has been developed and the experimental waveforms are measured and demonstrated to investigate the effectiveness of the presented hybrid LLC converter.

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16

Li, Hongbo, Wenqing Mei, Ye Yang, Wenguang Luo, Zhixue Zhang, and Xiaodi Zang. "Novel Frequency-Doubling Modulation and Control Strategy for Three-Level Full Bridge based Power Electronic Traction Transformers." E3S Web of Conferences 115 (2019): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911501005.

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Power electronic traction transformers (PETTs) are widely investigated to substitute bulky line frequency transformers in railway traction system presently. This paper adopts the three-level topology for both grid-side cascaded converters and primary-sides of LLC resonant converters. The cascade number is reduced by half as well as isolated transformers compared to the traditional two-level configuration. Less cascade number of modular converters leaves relatively more space for electric insulation implementation, which is beneficial to PETTs in terms of the limited installation space in the train. A frequency-doubling modulation strategy for LLC resonant converters is proposed, which can enable the operating frequency of isolated transformers two times higher than the switching frequency to further reduce the transformer size without increasing the switching loss. Meanwhile the proposed modulation strategy can realize the capacitor voltage balance autonomously as well. Additionally, the control strategy of cascaded rectifiers and key parameter design guideline of LLC resonant converters are also introduced.

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17

Nallasamy, Soundiraraj, and Rajasekaran Vairamani. "Analysis and Performance Evaluation of Control Methods for LLC Resonant Converter." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 15, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 685–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2018.7144.

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An LLC resonant dc to dc converter in the company of an LC ant resonant tank circuit for civilizing the act of pulse frequency modulation (PFM) is projected in this manuscript. The planned converter, known as LLC-LC converter, can expand a voltage guideline area below the unity gain with a lesser frequency variation of Pulse frequency modulation by the effect of the antiresonant tank. This beneficial possessions contribute for shielding over current in the case of the short-circuit load condition as well as the bring into being interval in the planned band of switching frequency. The circuit topology and working theory of the planned converter is described, subsequent to the design method of the working frequency and circuit parameters are offered. The performance of the soft switch and the steady-state pulse frequency modulation distinctiveness of the LLC-LC converter are evaluated underneath the open-loop control in conduct experiment of a 2.0-kiloWatts trial product, and its real effectiveness is compared with an LLC converter model. Intended for enlightening the usefulness of the LLC-LC resonant circuit, voltages and currents of the series and ant resonant tanks are analyzed, correspondingly, with state-plane trajectory based on computation and experimentation, where by the power and energy of resonant tank is verified. To conclude, the possibility of the projected converter is evaluate from the realistic point of vision.

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18

Lin, Bor-Ren, and Wei-Po Liu. "Analysis of a Three-Level Bidirectional ZVS Resonant Converter." Applied Sciences 10, no. 24 (December 21, 2020): 9136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10249136.

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A bidirectional three-level soft switching circuit topology is proposed and implemented for medium voltage applications such as 750 V dc light rail transit, high power converters, or dc microgrid systems. The studied converter is constructed with a three-level diode-clamp circuit topology with the advantage of low voltage rating on the high-voltage side and a full-bridge circuit topology with the advantage of a low current rating on the low-voltage side. Under the forward power flow operation, the three-level converter is operated to regulate load voltage. Under the reverse power flow operation, the full-bridge circuit is operated to control high-side voltage. The proposed LLC resonant circuit is adopted to achieve bidirectional power operation and zero-voltage switching (ZVS). The achievability of the studied bidirectional ZVS converter is established from the experiments.

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19

Haga, Hiroyuki, and Toshihisa Shimizu. "Compact and High-Efficiency Converter using a Novel LLC-Type Series Resonant Converter Topology." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 133, no. 6 (2013): 652–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.133.652.

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20

Wang, Zhenmin, Wenyan Fan, Fangxiang Xie, and Chunxian Ye. "An 8kW LLC resonant converter in plasma power supply based on SiC power devices for efficiency improvement." Circuit World 45, no. 4 (November 4, 2019): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cw-07-2018-0058.

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Purpose This paper aims to present an 8 kW LLC resonant converter designed for plasma power supply with higher efficiency and lighter structure. It presents how to solve the problems of large volume and weight, low performance and low efficiency of traditional plasma power supply. Design/methodology/approach At present, conventional silicon (Si) power devices’ switching performance is close to the theoretical limit determined by its material properties; the next-generation silicon carbide (SiC) power devices with outstanding advantages can be used to optimal design. This 8 kW LLC resonant converter prototype with silicon carbide (SiC) power devices with a modulated switching frequency ranges from 100 to 400 kHz. Findings The experimental results show that the topology, switching loss, rectifier loss, transformer loss and drive circuit of the full-bridge LLC silicon carbide (SiC) plasma power supply can be optimized. Research limitations/implications Due to the selected research object (plasma power supply), this study may have limited universality. The authors encourage the study of high frequency resonant converters for other applications such as argon arc welding. Practical implications This study provides a practical application for users to improve the quality of plasma welding. Originality/value The experimental results show that the full-bridge LLC silicon carbide (SiC) plasma power supply is preferred in operation under conditions of high frequency and high voltage. And its efficiency can reach 98%, making it lighter, more compact and more efficient than previous designs.

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21

Shang, Ming, Haoyu Wang, and Qi Cao. "Reconfigurable LLC Topology With Squeezed Frequency Span for High-Voltage Bus-Based Photovoltaic Systems." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 33, no. 5 (May 2018): 3688–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2017.2761847.

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22

Lai, C. M., and K. K. Shyu. "A single-stage AC/DC converter based on zero voltage switching LLC resonant topology." IET Electric Power Applications 1, no. 5 (2007): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-epa:20060322.

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23

Huo, Xianxu, Ke Xu, Ruixin Liu, Xi Chen, Zhanchun Li, and Haiyun Yan. "A Structure-Reconfigurable Soft-Switching DC-DC Converter for Wide-Range Applications." Energies 12, no. 15 (July 28, 2019): 2905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12152905.

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In this paper, a structure-reconfigurable resonant DC-DC (direct current – direct current) converter is presented. By controlling the state of the auxiliary switch, the converter could change the resonant structure to acquire a high efficiency and wide voltage gain range simultaneously. The characteristics of the LLC (inductor-inductor-capacitor) resonant converter are firstly analyzed. Based on this, through introducing additional resonant elements and adopting the topology morphing method, the proposed converter can be formed. Moreover, a novel parameter selection method is discussed to satisfy both working states. Then, a detailed loss analysis calculation is conducted to determine the optimal switching point. In addition, an extra resonant zero point is generated by the topology itself, and the inherent over-current protection is guaranteed. Finally, a 500 W prototype is built to demonstrate the theoretical rationality. The output voltage is constant at 400 V even if the input voltage varies from 160 to 400 V. A peak efficiency of 97.2% is achieved.

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Chen, Guipeng, Luan Chen, Yan Deng, Kun Wang, and Xinlin Qing. "Topology-Reconfigurable Fault-Tolerant LLC Converter With High Reliability and Low Cost for More Electric Aircraft." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 34, no. 3 (March 2019): 2479–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2018.2848297.

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Beiranvand, Reza, Mohammad Reza Zolghadri, Bizhan Rashidian, and Seyed Mohammad Hossein Alavi. "Optimizing the LLC–LC Resonant Converter Topology for Wide-Output-Voltage and Wide-Output-Load Applications." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 26, no. 11 (November 2011): 3192–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2011.2143429.

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26

Yoo, Sang-Jae, Min-Ji Kim, Eun-Soo Kim, and Yong-Seog Jeon. "3-Bridge LLC resonant converter for achieving wide output voltage control range based on topology morphing." Journal of Power Electronics 20, no. 6 (September 3, 2020): 1420–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43236-020-00142-3.

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27

Lin, Bor-Ren, and Yen-Chun Liu. "Implementation of a Wide Input Voltage Resonant Converter with Voltage Doubler Rectifier Topology." Electronics 9, no. 11 (November 17, 2020): 1931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9111931.

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A new circuit structure of LLC converter is studied and implemented to achieve wide zero-voltage switching range and wide voltage operation such as consumer power units without power factor correction and long hold up time demand, battery chargers, photovoltaic converters and renewable power electronic converters. The dc converter with the different secondary winding turns is adopted and investigated to achieve the wide input voltage operation (50–400 V). To meet wide voltage operation, the full bridge and half bridge dc/dc converters with different secondary turns can be selected in the presented circuit to have three different voltage gains. According to input voltage range, the variable frequency scheme is employed to have the variable voltage gain to overcome the wide input voltage operation. Therefore, the wide soft switching load variation and wide voltage operation range are achieved in the presented resonant circuit. The prototype circuit is built and tested and the experiments are demonstrated to investigate the circuit performance.

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Tran, Tran, and Choi. "A Hybrid Soft Switching Full Bridge Converter Suitable for the Electric Vehicle Charge Applications." Energies 12, no. 14 (July 15, 2019): 2707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142707.

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A hybrid dc–dc converter suitable for the on-board charger applications consisted of a Soft Switching Full Bridge (SSFB) converter and a Half Bridge (HB) LLC resonant converter is proposed. The proposed topology employs an additional switch and a diode at the secondary of the SSFB converter to eliminate the circulating current and to achieve the full soft switching of the primary switches. The output voltage is regulated by adjusting the duty of the secondary side switch. The validity and feasibility of the proposed converter are verified by the experiments with a 10-kW prototype converter. The maximum of 96.8% efficiency is achieved at 5 kW output power.

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Ma, Hongbo, Junhong Yi, Jie Shuai, and Jie Yang. "Low Input Current Ripple Quasi-Single-Stage Power Supply Based on Double Resonant Tank LLC Converter for Maglev Control System Applications." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 25, no. 06 (March 31, 2016): 1650064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812661650064x.

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High input voltage, multiple low voltage outputs and high working temperature are the main design challenges for magnetic levitation (maglev) control power supply. The traditional solutions have several problems, such as the uncontrolled duty ratio, the poor cross-regulation capability and low reliability. In order to solve these problems, a quasi-single-stage solution employing the double resonant tank LLC topology is proposed and developed in this paper. The proposed solution can increase significantly the overall conversion efficiency because of the achieved soft-switching over the entire operation range. Moreover, the low input current ripple, high magnetic utilization and high reliability can be achieved. Experimental results of a 210-W laboratory prototype with 220–380[Formula: see text]V input and four outputs are presented to demonstrate the declared features.

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Zhang, Chi, Yong Shi, and Xuwei Gui. "A Novel Polymorphic Topology with Hybrid Control Strategy Based LLC Resonant Converter for Ultra-Wide Input Voltage Range Applications." Energy Engineering 118, no. 2 (2021): 341–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32604/ee.2021.014229.

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31

Samiei Moghaddam, Mahmoud, Hamid Reza Khademi, Seyed Javad Mohammadi Baygi, and Amin Hajizadeh. "Analysis and Designing of a Wireless Charging System for Electric Vehicles Using the Topology of Double Sided llC Compensator." Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12913/22998624/108529.

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Bhajana, V. V. S. K., and P. Drabek. "Development and Evaluation of an Isolated Resonant Converter for Auxiliary Power Supply in DC Traction." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 2 (April 10, 2019): 4048–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2692.

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This paper presents the implementation and evaluation of an isolated resonant converter and also compares the efficiencies of hard and soft switching isolated converter topologies using high-frequency transformer for auxiliary power supplies in DC traction. The half-bridge DC-DC converter with resonant network has been tested under zero voltage switching (ZVS), zero current switching (ZCS) operations, and also dead time variation of the power switches improving the overall system efficiency. This paper provides guidelines for a cost effective DC-DC converter design based on discrete 1200V/40A IGBTs driven with high switching frequency. That would allow optimization of passive elements by reducing their mass making the converter suitable for traction application. Simulations and test results of an experimental setup with output power up to 3kW are presented. The overall system efficiency of the ZVS and ZCS operations of half-bridge LLC DC-DC converter were compared with a classic hard switching topology.

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33

Jovanovic, Milan M., and Brian T. Irving. "On-the-Fly Topology-Morphing Control—Efficiency Optimization Method for LLC Resonant Converters Operating in Wide Input- and/or Output-Voltage Range." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 31, no. 3 (March 2016): 2596–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2015.2440099.

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34

Ren, Shiquan. "Order of the canonical vector bundle over configuration spaces of spheres." Forum Mathematicum 30, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 1265–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/forum-2018-0046.

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AbstractGiven a vector bundle, its (stable) order is the smallest positive integer t such that the t-fold self-Whitney sum is (stably) trivial. So far, the order and the stable order of the canonical vector bundle over configuration spaces of Euclidean spaces have been studied in [F. R. Cohen, R. L. Cohen, N. J. Kuhn and J. A. Neisendorfer, Bundles over configuration spaces, Pacific J. Math. 104 1983, 1, 47–54], [F. R. Cohen, M. E. Mahowald and R. J. Milgram, The stable decomposition for the double loop space of a sphere, Algebraic and Geometric Topology (Stanford 1976), Proc. Sympos. Pure Math. 32 Part 2, American Mathematical Society, Providence 1978, 225–228], and [S.-W. Yang, Order of the Canonical Vector Bundle on {C_{n}(k)/\Sigma_{k}}, ProQuest LLC, Ann Arbor, 1978]. Moreover, the order and the stable order of the canonical vector bundle over configuration spaces of closed orientable Riemann surfaces with genus greater than or equal to one have been studied in [F. R. Cohen, R. L. Cohen, N. J. Kuhn and J. A. Neisendorfer, Bundles over configuration spaces, Pacific J. Math. 104 1983, 1, 47–54]. In this paper, we mainly study the order and the stable order of the canonical vector bundle over configuration spaces of spheres and disjoint unions of spheres.

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Tan, Linlin, Ming Zhang, Songcen Wang, Shulei Pan, Zhenxing Zhang, Jiacheng Li, and Xueliang Huang. "The Design and Optimization of a Wireless Power Transfer System Allowing Random Access for Multiple Loads." Energies 12, no. 6 (March 15, 2019): 1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12061017.

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As is common in multi-load wireless power transfer (WPT) systems based on series–series compensation topology, the power received by loads and the efficiency of the process are highly sensitive to changes in the number of loads. To guarantee that the power supplied to a load remains stable when other loads access or leave the system, we propose an improved multi-load system for WPT. The new system uses an LCC/S topology (based on inductor–capacitor–inductor or LCL topology) to keep the power received by the loads stable. By comparing two scenarios (ideal and real models based on LCC/S topology), we aim to eliminate cross-coupling between receiving coils by connecting compensating capacitors in series on the receiving side. In this way, the stability of the power received by loads is further improved. Moreover, a method of optimizing control over the efficiency is proposed based on the effect on the overall efficiency of impedance and number of loads. This allows us to optimize the overall efficiency of the system. Finally, a system to verify our theoretical analysis is established and used to show the validity and effectiveness of the proposed system.

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36

K. Kalichkin, V., A. I. Pavlova, A. F. Petrov, and V. A. Smolyakov. "Automated Classification of Agricultural Lands Using GIS and NES." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.38 (December 3, 2018): 1146. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.38.27751.

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The article proposes the methodology for the automated classification of uplands using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Neural Expert System (NES). Quantitative indicators of topography are used as the basis of the proposed classification. A database consisting of topographic, soil, and land use maps was created using ArcGIS 10 geographic information system. A topologically correct digital elevation model (DEM) was created by the ANUDEM interpolation method. The DEM contains the following maps: hypsometric, steepness and slopes exposure, plan, profile, common curvature of the ground surface, and cumulative runoff maps. The boundaries of elementary surfaces (ES), which are homogeneous morphological formations, are established. Parameters characterizing the Stream Power Index (SPI) are taken into account. The essence of the proposed classification consists in attributing of ES to a certain group of lands based on aggregate of features. To do this, partial scales were created, containing indicators of topography, soil cover, land drainage conditions, as well as the degree of erosion development. The authors formed knowledge base for traning the NES using GIS database and partial scales of estimates. Teaching of neural network was carried out. The classification and topology of land was carried out by means of the NES. The uplands are distributed in flat and slightly convex areas. They are characterized by the following indicators: the curvature of the ground surface: plan curvature (0 – 0.03), profile curvature (0 – 0.15), common curvature (0 – 0.22); slope angles (less than 1.5о); horizontal dissection in elevation (less than 0.5 km/km2), vertical dissection (less than 5 m); and SPI (from -13.80 to -6.47). Electronic map of uplands of LLC «Salair» land-use area was created in the ArcGIS 10 environment.

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37

Yan, Zhengchao, Yiming Zhang, Baowei Song, Kehan Zhang, Tianze Kan, and Chris Mi. "An LCC-P Compensated Wireless Power Transfer System with a Constant Current Output and Reduced Receiver Size." Energies 12, no. 1 (January 6, 2019): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12010172.

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Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) has been a research focus in recent years. This paper studies the inductor-capacitor-capacitor and parallel (LCC-P) compensation topology to achieve a compact receiver for AUVs. Unlike the series-series (SS) compensation topology, the LCC-P topology retains the advantages of the double-sided LCC topology and has a more compact receiver than the double-sided LCC topology with fewer elements used on the receiver side. The analytical model of such a WPT system is established to analyze the output power and transfer efficiency. The LCC-P topology has a higher efficiency compared to the SS topology due to the smaller conduction loss of the inverter. Moreover, a method of eliminating the DC filter inductor L0 is proposed to further decrease the size and weight of the receiver. The amplitude of the withstanding voltage on the receiver compensation capacitor without L0 is approximately decreased by 40% compared to that with L0. Both cases of with and without L0 have a constant current output and the peak efficiency without L0 is about 94%, which is 1% lower than that with L0. A prototype was built and the experimental results verified the theoretical analysis.

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Xu, Jian, Yongsheng Zhang, and Lei Gan. "Study on LCL type IPT system power bi-directional push mode." E3S Web of Conferences 53 (2018): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185301004.

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Aiming at the working principle of inductive power transfer (IPT) technology, a bi-directional power conversion topology based on LCL type composite resonance is proposed. This topology introduces the advantages of LCL type resonance into the bi-directional power topology which has a resonance capacity larger than the single stage LC, it has a strong load adaptability, a smaller switching device voltage and current stress. Aiming at the LCL bi-directional power topology proposed, its working principle is introduced in detail, and the AC impedance model and mathematical model of the system are established. On this basis, the feasibility is verified by using the simulation experiment results.

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Sasikumar, Sweya, and K. Deepa. "LCL Topology Based Single Stage BoostRectifier Topology for Wireless EV Charging." Journal of Green Engineering 8, no. 4 (2018): 573–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.13052/jge1904-4720.845.

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Wen, Feng, Xiaohu Chu, Qiang Li, and Wei Gu. "Compensation Parameters Optimization of Wireless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicles." Electronics 9, no. 5 (May 11, 2020): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9050789.

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For wireless charging of electric vehicles (EVs), increasing the output power level is particularly important. In this paper, the purpose of improving the output power while maintaining optimal transmission efficiency is achieved by optimizing the parameters of the compensation topology under the premise that the coupled coils of the system does not need to be redesigned. The series-series (SS) and hybrid-series-parallel (LCC, composed by an inductor and two capacitors) compensation topology are studied. The influence factors of load resistance to achieve optimal efficiency, the influence of LCC compensation parameters on the power output level, and the influence of parameter changes on system safety are analyzed. Theorical results show that by rationally designing the LCC compensation parameters, larger output power and optimal transfer efficiency can be achieved under different load resistance by adjusting the inductances of the primary and secondary compensation circuits. The output power of the optimized system with adjusted LCC compensation topology is increased by 64.2% with 89.8% transfer efficiency under 50 ohms load in experiments. The correctness and feasibility of this parameter design method are verified by both theorical and experimental results.

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Li, Guangyao, and Dong-Hee Kim. "A Wireless Power Transfer Charger with Hybrid Compensation Topology for Constant Current/Voltage Onboard Charging." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 18, 2021): 7569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167569.

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Compared with plugged-in chargers, wireless power transfer (WPT) systems for battery chargers have numerous advantages, e.g., safety, efficiency, and convenience. To satisfy the important wireless charging requirements of efficiency and safety of the battery, this paper proposes a constant current/voltage (CC/CV) charging compensation topology with near-communication based on receiving-side hybrid topology switching, which is unaffected by the dynamic loads. The proposed hybrid topology is systematically analyzed by using the M-mode, and the system parameters are designed to satisfy the constraints of zero phase angle (ZPA) and the specified CC output. In the CV mode, one shunt capacitor is employed to the compensation topology for the CV output and ZPA realization. Both the CC and CV modes are operated under the conditions of zero voltage switching (ZVS) for reducing the loss of the WPT systems. The proposed hybrid compensation topology is controlled by the receiving side and does not require real-time communication to avoid sophisticated control logic. Finally, a 1.1-kW experimental prototype charger based on DS-LCC and LCC-S topologies was established to verify the charging performance of the proposed WPT systems. The maximum efficiency of the proposed WPT charger was found to be approximately 91%. The experimental results were consistent with those of the theoretical analysis.

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42

Odorico, R. "Event discrimination at LHC exploiting invariant mass topology." Zeitschrift f�r Physik C Particles and Fields 71, no. 2 (June 1, 1996): 313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002880050176.

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43

Odorico, R. "Event discrimination at LHC exploiting invariant mass topology." Zeitschrift für Physik C: Particles and Fields 71, no. 2 (June 1996): 313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02906989.

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44

Anisenkov, Alexey, Julia Andreeva, Alessandro Di Girolamo, Panos Paparrigopoulos, and Boris Vasilev. "CRIC: Computing Resource Information Catalogue as a unified topology system for a large scale, heterogeneous and dynamic computing infrastructure." EPJ Web of Conferences 245 (2020): 03032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202024503032.

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CRIC is a high-level information system which provides flexible, reliable and complete topology and configuration description for a large scale distributed heterogeneous computing infrastructure. CRIC aims to facilitate distributed computing operations for the LHC experiments and consolidate WLCG topology information. It aggregates information coming from various low-level information sources and complements topology description with experimentspecific data structures and settings required by the LHC VOs in order to exploit computing resources. Being an experiment-oriented but still experiment-independent information middleware, CRIC offers a generic solution, in the form of a suitable framework with appropriate interfaces implemented, which can be successfully applied on the global WLCG level or at the level of a particular LHC experiment. For example there are CRIC instances for CMS[11] and ATLAS[10]. CRIC can even be used for a special task. For example, a dedicated CRIC instance has been built to support transfer tests performed by DOMA Third Party Copy working group. Moreover, extensibility and flexibility of the system allow CRIC to follow technology evolution and easily implement concepts required to describe new types of computing and storage resources. The contribution describes the overall CRIC architecture, the plug-in based implementation of the CRIC components as well as recent developments and future plans.

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Goratti, Leonardo, Tuncer Baykas, Tinku Rasheed, and Shuzo Kato. "NACRP: A Connectivity Protocol for Star Topology Wireless Sensor Networks." IEEE Wireless Communications Letters 5, no. 2 (April 2016): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2015.2506163.

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46

Xiao, Hanshen, and Guoqiang Xiao. "A Framework of Topology-Transparent Scheduling Based on Polynomial Ring." IEEE Wireless Communications Letters 8, no. 3 (June 2019): 829–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2019.2894794.

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Liu, Yu Hua, Zhen Rong Luo, Ke Xu, and Cui Xu. "The Research of Routing Algorithm Based on Shortest Path Tree in WSNs." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 3899–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.3899.

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This article poses an algorithm of the hierarchical topology in wireless sensor network based on shortest path tree algorithm to cover the shortage of LAC Routing Algorithm (LAC-T), which based on SPT(Shortest Path Tree). LAC-T algorithm elects cluster head by the remaining energy of nodes and the distance between node and base station. Meanwhile, it uses SPT to communicate among cluster heads in WSNs. The result of stimulation shows that LAC-T algorithm is not only easy to achieve, but could be better balance the energy consumption of each node, extend the lifespan of WSN (Wireless Sensor Network).

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Selvaperumal, S., and C. Christober Asir Rajan. "Harmonic Investigation and Simulation of Full Bridge LCL Resonant Inverter." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 3600–3607. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.3600.

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This paper presents 250W, 20 KHz LCL resonant inverter having Efficiencies greater than 95% were obtained down to resistive loads of 50%. Efficiencies greater than 80% were obtained at significantly reduced loads (11%). Operation above resonance was utilized to increase the efficiency and maintain zero voltage switching (ZVS) for varied loads. Total harmonic distortion (THD) of less than 8% was achieved for all resistive loads. The above results were obtained from evaluation version of PSIM also used to model the LCL topology for varied loads and LCL configurations. A LCL Resonant Inverter is proposed for applications in high frequency distributed AC power systems.

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Qi, Xiaohan, Peng Yuan, Qinyu Zhang, and Zhihua Yang. "CDS-Based Topology Control in FANETs via Power and Position Optimization." IEEE Wireless Communications Letters 9, no. 12 (December 2020): 2015–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2020.3009666.

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Anisenkov, Alexey, Julia Andreeva, Alessandro Di Girolamo, Panos Paparrigopoulos, and Aresh Vedaee. "CRIC: a unified information system for WLCG and beyond." EPJ Web of Conferences 214 (2019): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921403003.

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The Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) is an innovative distributed environment which is deployed through the use of grid computing technologiesin order to provide computing and storage resources to the LHC experimentsfor data processing and physics analysis. Following increasing demands of LHC computing needs toward high luminosity era, the experiments are engagdin an ambitious program to extend the capability of WLCG distributed environment, for instance including opportunistically used resources such as High-Performance Computers (HPCs), cloud platforms and volunteer computer. norder to be effectively used by the LHC experiments, all these diverse distributed resources should be described in detail. This implies easy service discovery of shared physical resources, detailed description of service configurations and experiment-specific data structures is needed. In this contribution, we present a high-level information component of a distributed computing environment, the Computing Resource Information Catalogue (CRIC) which aims to facilitate distributed computing operations for the LHC experiments and consolidate WLCG topology information. In addition, CRIC performs data validation and provides coherent view and topology descriptinto the LHC VOs for service discovery and configuration. CRIC represents teevolution of ATLAS Grid Information System (AGIS) into the common experiment independent high-level information framework. CRIC’s mission is to serve not just ATLAS Collaboration needs for the description of the distributed environment but any other virtual organization relying on large scale distributed infrastructure as well as the WLCG on the global scope. The contribution describes CRIC architecture, implementation of data model,collectors, user interfaces, advanced authentication and access control components of the system.

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