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Poulopoulos, Dimitrios. "A generalized binding framework for the Low Level Reader Protocol (LLRP)." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46002.
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 63).Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2008.
This Master of Engineering Thesis describes the design, implementation and testing of an XML binding framework for the RFID Low Level Reader Protocol (LLRP). LLRP is a recently released protocol which standardizes the interface between RFID readers and RFID middleware. The proposed framework serializes wire objects to the schema of the LLRP binary messages and parameters. The framework also validates the produced XML elements against the LLRP data model. The framework includes a data serialization mechanism on the reader's side and allows for easy and efficient data updates as an RFID Network simulator.
by Dimitrios Poulopoulos.
M.Eng.
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Constantinou, Fivos. "An object-oriented implementation of a Low Level Reader Protocol (LLRP) library." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41650.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 83).
This Master of Engineering Thesis describes the design and implementation of an object-oriented Low Level Reader Protocol (LLRP) library. LLRP is a recently released protocol which standardizes the formats and methods of communication between RFID Readers and Clients and aims to become the global standard for Reader management in RFID systems. LLRP provides a standard Reader - Client interface by defining a. number of Messages in binary format, which Clients and Readers can each send and receive. This implementation uses a nested object model to represent all the Messages and Parameters defined in the LLRP specification. It also provides a serialization module, which converts Message and Parameter objects to the binary format described in the LLRP specification and vice versa. The use of this object model simplifies the implementation of Client logic and makes it easier to develop rich Client applications without having to deal with the low level details of the LLRP interface.
by Fivos Constantinou.
M.Eng.
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Kheddam, Rafik. "Approches logicielles de sûreté de fonctionnement pour les systèmes RFID." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENM011/document.
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On assiste de nos jours à une utilisation croissante des systèmes RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification systems) dans diversdomaines d’application (logistique, systèmes de production, inventaires, traçabilité, etc.). Certaines de ces applicationsprésentent un caractère critique à l’image du respect de la chaîne de froid lors de l’acheminement de denrées alimentaires oudans le cas de systèmes de manutention de bagages dans les aéroports. Or, la sensibilité des systèmes RFID vis-à-vis de leurenvironnement, notamment des perturbations électromagnétiques ou de la présence d’obstacles, les rend vulnérables. Demême, de par le nombre important d’éléments (étiquettes, lecteurs) mis en oeuvre dans de tels systèmes, des comportementserronés peuvent survenir en raison de fautes dans les divers éléments constituant le système. D’où l’importance et la nécessitéde traiter le problème de la sûreté de fonctionnement et de la tolérance aux fautes dans le but de rendre ces systèmes plusrobustes.L’objectif de cette thèse concerne la proposition d’approches logicielles de test et de diagnostic en ligne adaptées aux systèmesRFID en vue d’améliorer leur robustesse. Depuis quelques années, une exploitation efficace des systèmes RFID a vu ledéveloppement d’intergiciels ou de middlewares RFID, dont le rôle est de proposer des services permettant la gestion desquantités de données importantes en provenance des lecteurs RFID. L’utilisation de tels intergiciels est d’un grand intérêt pourla sûreté de fonctionnement des systèmes RFID en raison de la nature distribuée de ces systèmes ; en particulier, grâce àl’intégration des mécanismes de sûreté de fonctionnement, plus précisément le test et le diagnostic en ligne, au niveau dumiddleware. Dans cette thématique, nous avons proposé plusieurs solutions pour couvrir les deux couches centrales du systèmeà savoir la couche middleware et son interface de communication avec les sources de données, le protocole LLRP (Low LevelReader Protocol). Nous avons proposé une solution middleware compatible avec le standard de communication des systèmesRFID, et utilisée comme un réceptacle pour une solution algorithmique de diagnostic probabiliste qui permet de détecter lesdéfaillances potentielles des composants du système sur la base d’un modèle probabiliste qui tient compte de l’environnementd’exécution. Ensuite, nous avons proposé un mécanisme d’analyse des fichiers log de l’interface de communication LLRP,complémentaire à l’algorithme probabiliste et qui permet d’approfondir le diagnostic en recherchant les causes de la défaillancedétectée sur la base de différentes signatures de défaillances déjà établies. Enfin, nous avons proposé une extension dustandard de communication LLRP qui tient compte de plusieurs comportements défaillants dans le but de rendre ce dernier plusfiableWe are witnessing today a growing use of RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) systems in various application areas (logistics,production systems, product traceability, etc.). Some of these applications are critical such as food-related cold chain logistics orbaggage handling systems in airports. Nevertheless, RFID are very sensitive to their environment, including electromagneticdisturbances or presence of obstacles, making them error-prone. Also, because of the large number of elements (tags, readers,and sensors) constituting current RFID systems, erroneous behaviors are more frequent. Hence, it is important to address all theproblems related to RFID system dependability and deal with them in order to make these systems more robust.The goal of this thesis is the development of software test and online diagnosis facilities for RFID systems to improve theirrobustness. In recent years, the effective use of RFID systems has seen the development of RFID middleware solutions, whoserole is to provide services for the management of large amounts of raw data of the various RFID sources. Due to the distributednature of current RFID systems, the use of such solutions is of great interest regarding the improvement of RFID systemdependability. In particular, thanks to the integration of dependability mechanisms, specifically the online test and diagnosisapproaches in the RFID middleware solution. In addition, because of the middleware is considered as the backbone of an RFIDsystem, whereby the whole RFID dataflow passes; all the needed information will be availabe to our proposed approaches toperform a correct diagnosis. We proposed several solutions to cover the two main layers of RFID systems; namely, themiddleware layer and the communication layer between the middleware and the data sources, the Low Level Reader Protocol(LLRP). We have proposed a LLRP compliant middleware solution, used to accommodate a probabilistic diagnosis algorithm todetect potential failures of the RFID system components on the basis of a probabilistic model that takes into account theexecution conditions. Then, we proposed a complementary mechanism to the previous algorithm for analyzing the log files ofthe LLRP communication interface allowing further analysis by looking for the causes of the detected failures on the basis of an already defined set of failure signatures. Finally, we proposed an extension of the LLRP standard to make it more reliable bytaking into account several RFID failures
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Borghetti, Beatrice. "Sistemi RFID per applicazioni ciclistiche." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12996/.
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In questo lavoro di tesi è stato realizzato e caratterizzato un sistema RFID che permette di rilevare e stimare la velocità di passaggio di biciclette lungo un percorso in cui si intende creare una "Green Wave", ovvero una corsia dedicata ai ciclisti che permette a chi la percorre di trovare sempre semafori verdi. Questa tesi affronta tematiche ispirate al progetto europeo XCYCLE volto a potenziare la sicurezza dei ciclisti.
Un sistema RFID è formato da un ricetrasmettitore (Reader) in grado di interrogare e rilevare trasponder a radiofrequenza di piccole dimensioni (Tag), e da un sistema informativo collegato al Reader che permette di gestire i dati contenuti nei Tag (Client).
Nel caso di questa specifica applicazione si è scelto di utilizzare due antenne collegate al Reader, poste ad una data distanza lungo la pista ciclabile, e si sono posizionati i Tag sulle biciclette che la percorrono con lo scopo di rilevare le loro direzioni e velocità.
Il Client comunica con il Reader tramite il protocollo standard LLRP; è stato quindi creato un software apposito che si occupa, tramite scambio di pacchetti LLRP, di stabilire una connessione con il Reader e interrogarlo per conoscere informazioni sui Tag rilevati, come ad esempio l'identificativo, l'istante di lettura e la potenza con cui si è ricevuto il segnale.
Si sono svolte attività sperimentali per stabilire le performance del sistema in termini di accuratezza nella stima della velocità: sono stati collocati su una bicicletta più Tag di vario tipo e in posizioni diverse, sono state disposte le antenne lungo la pista riservata al transito delle biciclette e, usando il software creato, si sono registrati i dati mentre la bicicletta veniva guidata nel tratto di strada.
Infine sono stati testati e valutati diversi algoritmi che, in base a questi dati raccolti, stimano la velocità di percorrenza di ogni Tag e quindi della bicicletta su cui sono stati applicati.
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Arcangeloni, Luca. "Interfacciamento di sistemi RFID e UWB." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18945/.
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Nella seguente tesi si è realizzato l'interfacciamento delle due tecnologie RFID e UWB. La prima utilizzata nei sistemi di identificazione di oggetti come evoluzione del codice a barre. La seconda applicata in sistemi di localizzazione indoor, dalle wireless sensor network alle real-time locating system.
Questo studio si inserisce in un lavoro molto più ampio nato da un
primo progetto finanziato dall'Agenzia spaziale europea: LOST (Localisation of objects in space through RF Tags). L'obiettivo di tale progetto consisteva nella realizzazione di un sistema di localizzazione con precisione centimetrica per aiutare gli astronauti in assenza di gravità a individuare gli oggetti sparsi nella stazione spaziale.
Successivamente al progetto LOST nasce l'esigenza di standardizzare il sistema realizzato in modo da integrare la tecnologia UWB per la gestione del posizionamento ad alta precisione con il protocollo RFID Gen2, operante nella banda UHF al fine di garantire una retro-compatibilità con i dispositivi disponibili in commercio: Tag RFID e Reader RFID.
La tesi prende parte a quest'ultima fase di standardizzazione ponendosi l'obiettivo di sincronizzare il sotto-sistema UWB con il sotto-sistema RFID.
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Bettinger, Nicole. "Englische LLP und Anwaltshaftung in Deutschland /." Baden-Baden : Nomos, 2009. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=017318886&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Bettinger, Nicole. "Englische LLP und Anwaltshaftung in Deutschland." Baden-Baden Nomos, 2008. http://d-nb.info/992704715/04.
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Viswanathan, Vishnu. "Improving the dynamical model of the Moon using lunar laser ranging (LLR) and spacecraft data." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEO005/document.
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L'objectif principal de ce travail était d'améliorer le modèle dynamique de la Lune dans les éphémérides numériques INPOP et d’exploiter cette amélioration en vu d’une meilleure caractérisation de la structure interne de la Lune et d’effectuer des tests de la relativité générale. Dans un premier temps, un travail d’analyse des algorithmes nécessaires aux calculs des points normaux utilisés pour la construction des éphémérides lunaire a été effectué. Une analyse approfondie des procédures utilisées par l’équipe de Grasse montre l'impact du choix de l’algorithme sur le calcul de l'incertitude. L'importance de l'incertitude du point normal se reflète dans la méthode du moindre carré pondéré utilisée pour la construction des éphémérides. En particulier, l'absence d'un algorithme standardisé entre les différentes stations LLR introduit des biais dans l’estimation des incertitudes qu’il est important de prendre en compte. La thèse a également bénéficié d'un ensemble de données plus dense en raison des améliorations techniques et du passage de la longueur d'onde à l'infrarouge à la station de Grasse (Courde et al., 2017). Dans un second temps, afin de permettre des analyses multi-techniques combinant mesures SLR et LLR, la réduction des observations LLR a été introduite dans le logiciel de détermination d'orbites GINS du CNES. La modélisation suit les recommandations de IERS et été validée par une comparaison étape par étape avec les groupes d'analyse LLR de l’Observatoire de Paris et à Hanovre avec une précision de l’ordre de 1 mm. En outre, la correction des effets due au chargement hydrologique observé à la station Grasse a été mise en œuvre et a fait l’objet d’une première communication poster en 2016 (Mémin et al. 2016). Une version améliorée du modèle de réduction LLR a été intégrée à la dernière version distribuée du logiciel GINS par l’équipe de géodésie spatiale (GRGS) du CNES.Le modèle dynamique lunaire d’INPOP a d'abord été développé par Manche (2011). Cependant, en raison de l'absence du noyau fluide dans la version précédente (INPOP13c), les résidus obtenus après ajustement étaient au niveau de 5 cm pour la période moderne (2006). Une comparaison détaillée des équations dynamiques avec les éphémérides JPL DE430 a permis d'identifier les changements requis dans INPOP pour l'activation du noyau liquide lunaire. D'autres modifications ont permis l'utilisation d'un champ de gravité lunaire déterminé par la mission spatiale GRAIL. L'utilisation d'un algorithme de moindres carrés sous contraintes a aussi été utilisé afin de maintenir les paramètres connus dans des bornes compatibles avec leurs incertitudes. La nouvelle éphéméride (INPOP17a) produit un résidu de 1,4 à 1,8 cm, compatible avec (Folkner et al. 2014) et (Pavlov et al. 2016). INPOP17a est distribuée sur le site de l’imcce (www.imcce.fr/inpop) et une documentation a été publiée (Viswanathan et al. 2017) dans les notes scientifiques de l’imcce.En outre, en fournissant des contraintes plus sévères dans le modèle dynamique sur le champ de gravité lunaire à partir de l'analyse des données GRAIL, une signature caractéristique de libration lunaire avec une période de 6 ans a été révélée avec une amplitude de +/- 5 mm. Plusieurs pistes ont été étudiées pour l'identification de cet effet, impliquant des termes de marée et des composants de couple à plus haut degré. Cela reste encore un travail en cours, qui se poursuivra grâce à un contrat postdoctoral à Paris. Une publication est en cours de révision à ce sujet.Les résidus au niveau d'un centimètre permettent des tests précis du principe d'équivalence dans le système solaire. La valeur ajustée du paramètre caractérisant l'accélération différentielle de la Terre et de la Lune vers le Soleil a été obtenue et les résultats sont conformes aux travaux antérieurs (Williams et al 2012, Hofmann et al. 2016). Une interprétation en terme de théorie du dilaton est proposée. Une publication est en cours de finalisationThe main goal of the Ph.D. thesis of Vishnu Viswanathan was to improve the dynamical model of the Moon within the numerically integrated ephemeris (INPOP) and to derive results of scientific value from this improvement through the characterization of the lunar internal structure and tests of general relativity.At first, raw binaries of LLR echoes obtained from the Grasse ILRS station was used to analyze the algorithm used by the facility, for the computation of a normal point from the full-rate data. Further analysis shows the dependence of the algorithm on the reported uncertainty contained within the distributed LLR normal points from Grasse. The importance of the normal point uncertainty is reflected in the weighted least square procedure used for parameter estimation, especially in the absence of a standardized algorithm between different LLR ground stations. The thesis also benefitted in terms of a more dense dataset due to technical improvements and the switch of operational wavelength to infrared at the Grasse LLR facility (Courde et al. 2017).The reduction of the LLR observations was carried out on GINS orbit determination software from CNES. The modeling follows the IERS 2010 recommendations for the correction of all known effects on the light-time computation. The subroutines were verified through a step by step comparison study using simulated data, with LLR analysis groups in Paris and Hannover, maintaining any discrepancies in the Earth-Moon distance below 1mm. Additionally, correction of effects due to hydrological loading observed at the Grasse station has been implemented. An improved version of the LLR reduction model was submitted to the space geodesy team of CNES (GRGS).The lunar dynamical model of INPOP was first developed by Manche (2011). However, due to the absence of the fluid core within the previous version of INPOP (13c), the residuals obtained after a least-square fit were in the level of 5cm for the modern day period (2006 onwards). A detailed comparison of the dynamical equations with DE430 JPL ephemeris helped to identify required changes within INPOP for the activation of the lunar fluid core. Other modifications allowed the use of a spacecraft determined lunar gravity field within the dynamical model. The use of a bounded value least square algorithm during the regression procedure accounted for variability to well-known parameters from their reported uncertainties. The resulting iteratively fit solution of INPOP ephemeris then produces a residual of 1.4-1.8 cm, on par with that reported by Folkner et al. 2014 and Pavlov et al. 2016. The new INPOP ephemeris (INPOP17a) is distributed through the IMCCE website (www.imcce.fr/inpop) with a published documentation (Viswanathan et al. 2017) in the scientific notes of IMCCE.Furthermore, on providing tighter constraints on the lunar gravity field from GRAIL-data analysis within the dynamical model, a characteristic lunar libration signature with a period of 6 years was revealed with an amplitude of +/- 5mm. Several tracks were investigated for the identification of the unmodelled effect, involving higher degree tidal terms and torque components. This remains as a work in progress, which will be continued through a postdoctoral contract in Paris. A publication is under revision on this subject.Residuals at the level of a centimeter allow precision tests of the principle of equivalence in the solar system. The fitted value of the parameter characterizing the differential acceleration of the Earth and the Moon towards the Sun was obtained with numerically integrated partial derivatives. The results are consistent with the previous work by Williams et al (2009, 2012), and Hofmann et al. (2010, 2016). An article on this work is in preparation
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Bellandi, Andrea [Verfasser]. "LLRF Control Techniques for the European XFEL Continuous Wave Upgrade / Andrea Bellandi." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1239420641/34.
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Karlsson, Linda. "Dataöverföring mellan en mobiltelefon och en NFC-läsare." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Data- och elektroteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18557.
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Denna rapport handlar om att använda en trådlös kommunikationsteknik som kallas NFC (Near Field Communication) vid kommunikation mellan en Android mobiltelefon och en NFC-läsare som kallas ACR122U. Syftet med detta projekt är att: Välja en Androidtelefon som har stöd för NFC. Skapa en applikation som skall köras på Androidtelefonen och som skall skicka ett lösenord via NFC. Skapa ett program som skall köras på en dator med operativsystemet Windows 7 och som skall hantera ACR122U. Förklara den insamlade kunskapen i detta dokument så andra lättare skall kunna arbeta med NFC. Följande frågor kommer att besvaras i denna rapport: Vilken Androidtelefon bör användas vid utveckling av en applikation som kan kommunicera via NFC? Vad krävs vid utveckling av en applikation som kan kommunicera via NFC? Aktionsforskning är den forskningsmetod som användes vid sökandet efter svar på frågorna ovan. Detta innebär att forskningen görs genom att läsa om ämnet, genomföra en eller flera lösningar för att hitta en fungerande lösning och sedan dokumentera resultaten. Implementeringen av programvaran på mobiltelefonen genomfördes med mycket hjälp från Android Developers hemsida. Vid utvecklingen av den programvara som skall användas av datorn för att hantera ACR122U gjordes en hel del forskning. En demoapplikation och ett Javabibliotek som heter "nfctools" som är skapade av det Tyska GrundID GmbH var mycket användbara vid försöken att ta reda på hur kommunikationen fungerar. Programmet som hanterar ACR122U har utvecklats genom att växelvis läsa och testa olika lösningar. Den mobiltelefon som valdes under det här projektet är Samsung Galaxy Nexus som kör Android 4.0.Den programvara som hanterar ACR122U måste hantera dessa saker: Skicka data via USB till ACR122U - Detta gjordes med hjälp av en klass som kallas "ModWinsCard" vilken kom med ett utvecklingspaket för NFC. Ett ACR122U pseudo-APDU (Application Protocol Data Unit) kommando. Några av ACR122U:s NFC-kontroller (PN532) kommandon. Delar av NFC lagren: NDEF (NFC Data Exchange Format), SNEP (Simple NDEF Exchange Protocol) och LLCP (Logical Link Control Protocol). Det är viktigt att veta vilka NFC lager som finns implementerade i de enheter som skall kommunicera med varandra via NFC. Samma lager måste användas för att packa och packa upp data.This report is about using a wireless communication technology called NFC (Near Field Communication) when communicating between a mobile phone using an Android operating system and a NFC reader called ACR122U. The purpose of this project is to: Select an Android phone which supports NFC. Create an application that runs on the Android mobile phone and which shall send a password via NFC. Create a program which will run on a PC running Windows 7 and which will handle ACR122U. Explain the gathered knowledge in this document so that others may more readily be able to work with NFC. The following questions will be answered in this report: Which Android mobile phone should be used when developing an application which will communicate via NFC? What is required when developing an application that can communicate via NFC? Action research is the research method that was used when searching for answers to the questions above. This means the research is done by reading about the subject, implementing one or more solutions in order to find a working solution and then documenting the results. The implementation of the software on the mobile phone was done with a lot of help from the Android Developers website. When developing the software to be used by the computer to handle ACR122U a lot of research was made. A demo application and a java library called “nfctools” made by the German company GrundID GmbH were very useful when trying to figure out how the communication works. The program that handles ACR122U was developed through alternating between reading and testing different solutions. The mobile phone that was chosen during this project is Samsung Galaxy Nexus running Android 4.0.The software that handles ACR122U needs to handle these things: Sending data via USB to ACR122U – This was done using a class called “ModWinsCard” which came with an NFC development package. An ACR122U Pseudo-APDU (Application Protocol Data Unit) command. Some of ACR122U’s NFC controller (PN532) commands. Some parts of the NFC layers: NDEF (NFC Data Exchange Format), SNEP (Simple NDEF Exchange Protocol) and LLCP (Logical Link Control Protocol). It is important to know which NFC layers are implemented in the devices that are to communicate with each other via NFC. The same layers must be used when packing and unpacking data.
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Cassidy, Adrian Francis. "The LLP risk model : an individual risk prediction model for lung cancer." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439491.
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Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Within the framework of the Liverpool Lung Project (LLP), population-based case-control and prospective cohort studies are in progress to identify molecular and epidemiological risk factors and define populations and individuals most at risk of developing the disease. An accurate, objective lung cancer risk prediction model could help healthcare professionals assess patients' risks and improve the decisions about preventive interventions or surveillance. This thesis uses a model-based approach to estimate the probability that an individual, with a specified combination of risk factors, will develop lung cancer within a 5-year period. Methods: 579 lung cancer cases and 1157 age- and gender-matched population-based controls were recruited between 1998 and 2005 and thus, were available for these analyses. A standardised questionnaire collected detailed information on socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, medical history, family history of cancer, tobacco smoking and lifetime occupational history. As a flfSt step in the development of a risk prediction model, the case-control data were analysed to identify significant lung cancer risk factors and subsequently fitted into multivariate conditional logistic regression models. The fmal multivariate model was combined with age-standardised lung cancer incidence data to calculate absolute risk estimates. Results: Significant risk factors identified included smoking duration (p
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De, Souza Nicosha. "Molecular epidemiology of lung cancer in the Liverpool Lung Project (LLP) cohort." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2014. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2006199/.
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The primary aim of the project was to evaluate the epidemiological and genetic susceptibility factors associated with lung cancer, in the Liverpool Lung Project (LLP) population. The associated datasets available for research with the LLP dataset (questionnaire) were: Office of National Statistics (ONS), Health Episode Statistics (HES) data with comorbidity data, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data of 570 cases from Liverpool, 3000 controls from the 1958 Birth Cohort. The epidemiological (HES) data was used to study the effect of Charlson (CCI) and Elixhauser comorbidity index (ECI) on the incidence of lung cancer using the Cox proportional hazard regression and use the same HES data to design a 5-year sex specific incidence model for lung cancer with crucial covariates. The ECI and CCI were significant in both univariate and multivariate analyses adjusted for age at the start of the study, sex and smoking pack years. The developed models had a good discriminatory power (AUCmale = 0.73; AUCfemale = 0.77) when internally validated using a 10-fold cross validation. The genetic data for the LLP lung cancer cases was used in several contexts: i) to identify SNPS associated with lung cancer under a range of allelic models (additive, dominant, recessive and genotypic), using the Wellcome trust 1958 Birth Cohort as a control dataset; ii) to identify SNPs associated with cause specific and overall survival in lung cancer patients, utilising the Cox proportional hazard model with adjustment for various covariates; and iii) to identify gene pathways that are associated with lung cancer survival using the random forest survival method. SNPs within the genes PRDM11, ZNF382 and HMGA2 were identified in the genome wide case-control study when using the additive, dominant or genotypic models, whereas the recessive model identified the gene ITIH2. Significant SNPs (p≤10-6) associated with cause-specific survival in early stage cases were rs10230420 (WIPF3), rs3746619 and rs3827103 (both in MC3R). In advanced stage cases, significant SNPs were rs1868110 (NEK10) and rs2206779 (AF357533). For the overall survival analysis, significant SNPs were rs10230420 (WIPF3), rs2056533 (ZBTB20) and rs6708630 (CYS1) in early stage cases, whereas rs1868110 (NEK10) and rs2206779 (AF357533) were significantly associated with overall survival in advanced stage NSCLC cases. The pathway analysis using the random survival forest method was undertaken on 18 pathways for both cause-specific and overall survival of lung cancer cases. The results were consistent with apoptosis, base excision repair and mismatch repair being pathways influencing survival.
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Matsuyama, Isamu, Francis Nimmo, James T. Keane, Ngai H. Chan, G. Jeffrey Taylor, Mark A. Wieczorek, Walter S. Kiefer, and James G. Williams. "GRAIL, LLR, and LOLA constraints on the interior structure of the Moon." GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621595.
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The interior structure of the Moon is constrained by its mass, moment of inertia, and k(2) and h(2) tidal Love numbers. We infer the likely radius, density, and (elastic limit) rigidity of all interior layers by solving the inverse problem using these observational constraints assuming spherical symmetry. Our results do not favor the presence of a low rigidity transition layer between a liquid outer core and mantle. If a transition layer exists, its rigidity is constrained to 43-9+26GPa, with a preference for the high rigidity values. Therefore, if a transition layer exists, it is more likely to have a rigidity similar to that of the mantle (approximate to 70GPa). The total (solid and liquid) core mass fraction relative to the lunar mass is constrained to 0.0098-0.0094+0.0066 and 0.0198-0.0049+0.0026 for interior structures with and without a transition layer, respectively, narrowing the range of possible giant impact formation scenarios.
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Rusch, Thomas, and Reinhold Hatzinger. "IRT models with relaxed assumptions in eRm: A manual-like instruction." Pabst Science Publishers, 2009. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3869/1/06_Hatzinger.pdf.
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Linear logistic models with relaxed assumptions (LLRA) as introduced by Fischer (1974) are a
flexible tool for the measurement of change for dichotomous or polytomous responses. As opposed to
the Rasch model, assumptions on dimensionality of items, their mutual dependencies and the
distribution of the latent trait in the population of subjects are relaxed. Conditional maximum likelihood
estimation allows for inference about treatment, covariate or trend effect parameters without taking the
subjects' latent trait values into account. In this paper we will show how LLRAs based on the LLTM,
LRSM and LPCM can be used to answer various questions about the measurement of change and how
they can be fitted in R using the eRm package. A number of small didactic examples is provided that
can easily be used as templates for real data sets. All datafiles used in this paper are available from
http://eRm.R-Forge.R-project.org/.
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Andersson, Ulrika. "Åska längs Sveriges kuster." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-302888.
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Åskan har i alla tider påverkat livet på jorden med sin enorma kraft. Det har skapats och berättats många skrönor och historier angående olika budskap och bestraffningar i samband med åska. Inte förrän i modern tid har människan börjat att förstå uppkomsten och fysiken bakom åska, som inte än är helt förklarat i detalj. Sedan år 1987, då blixtpejlsystemet LLP (Lightning Location System) installerades i Sverige, har blixtnedslagen och deras egenskaper registrerats och sparats i stora databaser i Sverige. Detta kan ses som en milstolpe i åskforskningen, då mer information om ett blixtnedslag går att erhållas. Utbyggnader och effektivisering av LLP-systemet (blixtpejlsystemet) sker nu i samarbete med andra nordiska länder. Examensarbetet börjar med en introduktion om hur åska uppkommer samt dess elektriska uppladdningsprocesser för att sedan vidare gå in på blixtens fysik. Därefter följer en presentation av LLP-systemet, dess uppbyggnad och funktion. Fördelningen av blixtnedslag längs södra Sveriges kuster under olika förutsättningar, som tid på året, blixtens amplitud och nedslagsplats har studerats. Olika uppkomna effekter av blixtdensiteten längs kusterna till följd av meteorologiska faktorer, som land- och sjöbris, hävningseffekter samt konvektion har studerats. Studier visar att blixtnedslagens densitet är beroende av underlaget och dess egenskaper, som varierar under årstiderna. Sommartid observeras fler blixtnedslag in över land, medan för höstperioden förflyttas detta maximum ut över hav. Land- och sjöbris kan på västkusten ha en påverkande effekt, då ett intensitets-minimum observeras strax utanför kustbandet. En fallstudie av en åskfrontpassage, som passerade över södra och mellersta Sverige den 16 augusti 2001, har studerats med avseende på den uppkomna tråglinjen, så kallad ”squall line”, i samband med frontpassagen. Den genererade kraftig och intensiv blixtaktivitet innan själva frontens ankomst västerifrån. Här ovan har enbart meteorologiska effekter på uppkomsten av åska behandlats. Även den lokala mark- och havsytan kan ge upphov till elektriska fenomen, som har betydelse för uppkomsten av blixtar. Därför studerades de elektriska rymdladdningarna i atmosfären och olika effekter beroende på underlagets skrovlighet. De teoretiska studierna visar på en ökning av rymdladdningsdensiteten över områden med skrovligare underlag, som in över land, vid kraftiga konvektiva moln med höga elektriska fält. Lägre rymdladdningsdensitet över havsytor medför att över hav kan det förekomma mycket högre elektriska fältstyrkor än över ojämn mark. Däremot kan höga föremål ute till havs, som master och vindkraftverk, lätt utlösa blixturladdningar.
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ABUDULIMU, ABASI. "Effectof Growth Time, Growth Temperature and Light on Growth Mechanism of C60 nanorods." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-79368.
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In this thesis work C60 nanorods were produced by Liquid-Liquid Interfacial Precipitation method (LLIP) assisted with 10 s of weak sonication. Ethanol and m-dichlorobenzene were used as poor and good solvents of C60, respectively. Five different temperatures, 4, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 , were chosen as growth temperatures of different samples to investigate the effect of temperature on the grown structures. Different samples were prepared in the dark and under the light with various growth time to determine the effect of light and growth time on growth of C60 nanorods. The characterization of the grown C60 nanorods were conducted by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The result of characterization indicated that the sonication introduced smaller C60 nanostructures; light irradiation and temperature increase (till 40 C0) during the growth time resulted in nanorods with smaller diameter, whereas the long growth time lead to the increase of the diameter of C60 nanorods. The as-grown C60 nanorods synthesized at different conditions possess an hcp crystal structure.
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Sazatornil, i. Luna Victor. "Global patterns in wolf (Canis lupus) ecology: Implications for management = Patrons globals en l'ecologia del llop: Implicacions en la gestió." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666642.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental authorities, conservation professionals, and several other social sectors frequently demand scientifically sound information to inform policy and decision-making processes. Beyond national or subnational conservation laws, biodiversity conservation increasingly relies on international agreements and commitments, through which sovereign nations commit to share part of their duties and responsibilities in conservation issues. In this pyramidal structure of multi-governance layers, the use of the best available evidence is of paramount importance to effectively adapt general statements contained in general laws or regulations into specific contexts. Using wolves (Canis lupus) as case study, this thesis explores the interface between ecology and policy-making in wildlife conservation and management at different spatial and governance scales. The thesis combines empirical evidence, focused on wolf breeding site attributes and livestock depredations by wolves, literature reviews and in-deep analyses of conservation and management instruments in order to critically assess how evidence is used to develop site-specific management actions, and the way forward to improve policy implementations and effectiveness. The thesis provides an illustrative example of how unveiling general ecological patterns and sources of variation from empirical datasets can provide valuable information to policy decision-makers. In particular, Chapter 1 analyses global patterns in breeding site selection by wolves regarding their vulnerability to humans. Remarkable findings from this chapter are the relationship between the strength of the response (selection of refuge vegetation and avoidance of exposed areas) and the human population density as a surrogate of human pressure. In addition, continental differences are described, being the selection towards more secluded and remote areas stronger in Eurasia than in North America, which denote differences in coexistence history. By identifying global patterns and context-dependent sources of variability on this issue, Chapter 2 explores whether current mandates to protect wolf breeding sites at the European level are translated effectively into domestic management instruments. The need of a more accurate transposition from general commitments to taxon-specific management instruments at the local scale is underlined. Chapter 3 explores the widely assumed positive relationship between the number of wolves and the number of livestock attacks, and shows that the history of coexistence can explain remarkable differences between territories, undermining the general assumption that the increase in wolf population size will translate into higher human-wolf conflict levels. Generally, traditional husbandry techniques oriented to minimize wolf predation on livestock seem to persist in areas where wolves have not been extirpated during the second half of the 20th century and could explain the disassociation of attacks on livestock from wolf abundance in these areas. Chapter 4 goes further with the impact of wolves on livestock conducting a critical test of the frequently used assumption of the existence of negative correlation between wild prey abundance and the number of livestock depredations. We test this assumption with field observations in a particular context from northwest Spain. This thesis calls the attention on the importance of local knowledge and contexts when implementing management and conservation interventions, in order to avoid a lack of effectiveness or undesired outcomes when local management actions are grounded on general assumptions. Nonetheless, it also demonstrates that when this site-specific knowledge is not available, compiling data from multiple contexts to extract general patterns can also be useful to assist decision-making.Les autoritats ambientals, els professionals de la conservació i altres sectors socials, demanen freqüentment informació científica fiable per a l'elaboració de polítiques i la presa de decisions. Més enllà de la normativa ambiental a nivell dels estats o regions, la conservació de la biodiversitat recau cada cop més en acords i compromisos internacionals, a través dels quals les sobiranies acorden repartir-se part dels seus deures i responsabilitats en matèria de conservació. En aquest sistema piramidal de governança amb diversos nivells, l'ús de la millor evidència a l'abast és fonamental a l'hora d'adaptar els mandats generals continguts en lleis o regulacions als contextos específics. A partir del llop (Canis lupus) com a model d'estudi, aquesta tesi explora la interfície entre ecologia i la definició de polítiques en matèria de conservació i gestió de la natura a diferents escales espacials i de governança. La tesi combina l'evidència empírica focalitzada en les característiques dels llocs de reproducció dels llops i els danys a la ramaderia, la revisió de literatura científica i l'anàlisi dels instruments en què es basa la gestió i conservació del llop, amb la finalitat de fer una revisió crítica de com l'evidència fonamenta l'actual gestió de l'espècie en contextos específics i la manera en què la implementació i eficàcia d'aquestes polítiques es podria millorar. Aquesta tesi representa un exemple de com el fet d'explorar patrons ecològics generals i la seva variabilitat a partir de dades empíriques pot proporcionar informació valuosa als gestors implicats. Concretament, el Capítol 1 analitza els patrons globals en la selecció dels llocs de reproducció dels llops en relació a la seva vulnerabilitat enfront els humans. A partir de la identificació de patrons globals i fonts de variabilitat en aquest àmbit, el Capítol 2 es planteja si els mandats de protegir els llocs de reproducció dels llops, existents a nivell europeu, son transferits de manera efectiva als instruments de gestió a escala local. El capítol 3 explora l'estesa assumpció d'una relació positiva entre el nombre de llops i el nombre de danys al bestiar, i mostra com la història de la coexistència pot explicar diferències destacables entre territoris. El Capítol 4 va més enllà en l'impacte dels llops sobre el bestiar domèstic i fa una anàlisi crítica d'una altra assumpció freqüentment utilitzada, que suggereix una correlació negativa entre l'abundància de preses salvatges i els danys a la ramaderia. Finalment, aquesta tesi destaca la importància del coneixement dels contextos locals a l'hora d'implementar intervencions de conservació i gestió per tal d'evitar una falta d'efectivitat o efectes indesitjats quan la gestió a nivell local es basa en assumpcions generals.
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Rajca, Tomáš. "Modelování protokolů pro management na úrovni L2." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-255445.
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This thesis deals with modelling and simulation of management protocols on the data-link layer in OMNeT++ tool. Namely protocol CDP, LLDP and ODR routing. These protocols are described in the first thesis' half and in the second half is described their design and implementation in ANSA project. Correctness of implementation is verified by comparison between simulated and real network examples. Also dependencies on module DeviceConfiguratoru were removed from ANSAINET library.
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Srikanth, Sowmya. "A Communication Protocol for Nanogrids and its Application in Off-Grid Rural Areas of Developing Countries." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6396.
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In a developing country such as India, 44% of the population does not have access to power and for many others, the power supply is unreliable. A nanogrid, defined as “a single domain for voltage, reliability and administration”, is a possible solution to distribute power to such off-grid areas. Built from the bottom up, nanogrids have the ability to function independently, using locally generated power (such as solar power) as the power source. Such grids enable residents to lead more productive lives, with improved access to power. This thesis designs a new communication protocol for nanogrids to enable matching demand to short-term limited supply.
A review of the existing local grid projects in off-grid areas in developing countries is covered – outlining the cost per kWh incurred by the customer, the communications (if any) defined in each local grid and the supply duration of the local grid. A communication protocol for a nanogrid is presented, defining a list of messages required to enable communication and the use of the Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) to implement this list. A simulation evaluation of a nanogrid deployed in an off-grid rural area of a developing country is presented. Keeping three distinct days – a sunny, cloudy and rainy day and three months – summer, monsoon and winter in mind, we demonstrate how communication about the local power price of the nanogrid can be used to modulate demand in connected loads, matching present demand with short-term limited supply.
Simulation results show that the nanogrid model with communication enabled results in ~95% reduction in unmet demand for the month of December with an initial battery level of 20% (the worst case scenario). These results indicate that a grid can distribute adequate power to the loads attached to it for a month in different seasons. Such a grid, with communication about power can have a great impact in developing countries, where reduced power supply or a brownout is preferred to no power supply or a blackout.
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Mestrah, Yasser. "Systèmes de communication robustes dans des environnements inconnus An unsupervised llr estimation with unknown noise distribution." Thesis, Reims, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REIMS026.
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Le nombre croissant des appareils communicants et lacoexistence de réseaux indépen- dants toujours plus abondantsen augmenteront dans le futur la densité et l'hétérogén- éitéavec pour conséquence une accentuation des interférences. Denombreuses études en ont montré leur nature impulsive qui secaractérise par des événements de fortes intensités sur decourtes périodes. Toutefois, ces phénomènes ne sont pascorrectement capturés par un modèle gaussien et nécessiteplutôt le recours à des distributions à queues lourdes. Cesbruits impulsifs ne sont pas l'apanage des réseaux et seretrouvent aussi dans d'autres contextes d'originesnaturelles ou humaines. Les systèmes perdent leur robustesselorsque leur environnement se modifie et lorsqu'ils reposenttrop fortement sur les spécificités de leur modèle. Laplupart des systèmes de communications étant basés sur lemodèle gaussien souffrent de tels problèmes en milieuimpulsif.Plusieurs techniques ont été développées pour limiterl'impact des interférences comme l'alignementd'interférences au niveau de la couche physique ou par destechniques d'évitement de transmissions simultanées comme leCSMA au niveau de la couche MAC. Enfin, d'autres méthodesessaient de les supprimer efficacement au niveau durécepteur à l'instar de l'annulation successivesd'interférences. Toutes ces techniques ne peuventparfaitement annuler toutes les interférences; d'autant plusque nous nous dirigeons vers des réseaux denses comme LoRa,Sigfox, la 5G ou en général l'Internet des objets sanscontrôle centralisé ni d'accès à la ressource radio ni auxpuissances des émissions. Par conséquent, prendre en comptela présence des interférences au niveau du récepteur devientune nécessité, voire une obligation.La robustesse des communications est nécessaire et prendrede bonnes décisions au niveau du récepteur requiertl'évaluation du log rapport de vraisemblance (LLR) quidépend de la distribution du bruit. Le cas du bruit blancgaussien additif est bien connu avec son récepteur linéaireet ses performances bien étudiées. Les non-linéaritésapparaissent avec le bruit impulsif et le LLR devient alorsdifficilement calculable lorsque la distribution de bruitn'est pas parfaitement connue. Malheureusement, dans cettesituation, les récepteurs classiques montrent des pertes deperformances significatives. Nous nous concentrons ici surla conception d'un récepteur adaptatif simple et robuste quiaffiche des performances proches de l'optimum sous bruitgaussien ou non. Ce récepteur aspire à être suffisammentgénérique pour s'adapter automatiquement en situation réel.Nous montrons par nos travaux qu'un simple module entre lasortie du canal et le décodeur de canal permet de combattreefficacement le bruit impulsif et améliore grandement lesperformances globales du système. Ce module approche le LLRpar une fonction adéquate sélectionnée parmi une familleparamétrée qui reflète suffisamment de conditions réelles ducanal allant du cas gaussien au cas sévèrement impulsif.Deux méthodes de sélection sont proposées et étudiées: lapremière utilise une séquence d'apprentissage, la secondeconsiste en un apprentissage non supervisé. Nous montronsque notre solution reste viable même pour des communicationsen paquets courts tout en restant très efficace en terme decoût de calcul. Nos contributions peuvent être amenéesà être appliquées à d'autres domaine que les communicationsnumériquesFuture networks will become more dense and heterogeneous due to the inevitable increase in the number of communicated devices and the coexistence of numerous independent networks. One of the consequences is the significant increase in interference. Many studies have shown the impulsive nature of such an interference that is characterized by the presence of high amplitudes during short time durations. In fact, this undesirable phenomenon cannot be captured by the Gaussian model but more properly by heavy-tailed distributions. Beyond networks, impulsive noises are also found in other contexts. They can be generated naturally or be man-made. Systems lose their robustness when the environment changes, as the design takes too much into account the specificities of the model. The problem is that most of the communication systems implemented are based on the Gaussian assumption.Several techniques have been developed to limit the impact of interference, such as interference alignment at the physical layer or simultaneous transmission avoidance techniques like CSMA at the MAC layer. Finally, other methods try to suppress them effectively at the receiver as the successive interference cancellation (SIC). However, all these techniques cannot completely cancel interference. This is all the more true sincewe are heading towards dense networks such as LoRa, Sigfox, 5G or in general the internet of things (IoT) networks without centralized control or access to theradio resources or emission powers. Therefore, taking into account the presence of interference at the receiver level becomes a necessity, or even an obligation.Robust communication is necessary and making a decision at the receiver requires an evaluation of the log-likelihood ratio (LLR), whose derivation depends on the noise distribution. In the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) the performance of digital communication schemes has been widely studied, optimized and simply implemented thanks to the linear-based receiver. In impulsive noise, the LLR is not linear anymore and it is computationally prohibitive or even impossible when the noise distribution is not known. Besides, the traditional linear behaviour of the optimal receiver exhibits a significant performance loss. In this study, we focus on designing a simple, adaptive and robust receiver that exhibits a near-optimal performance over Gaussian and non-Gaussian environments. The receiver must strive for universality by adapting automatically and without assistance in real conditions.We prove in this thesis that a simple module between the channel output and the decoder input allows effectively to combat the noise and interference that disrupt point-to-point (P2P) communications in a network. This module can be used as a front end of any LLR-based decoder and it does not require the knowledge of the noise distribution including both thermal noise and interference. This module consists of a LLR approximation selected in a parametric family of functions, flexible enough to be able to represent many communication contexts (Gaussian or non-Gaussian).Then, the judicious use of an information theory criterion allows to search effectively for the LLR approximation function that matches the channel state. Two different methods are proposed and investigated for this search, either using supervised learning or with an unsupervised approach. We show that it is even possible to use such a scheme for short packet communications with a performance close to the true LLR, which is computationally prohibitive. Overall, we believe that our findings can significantly contribute to many communication scenarios and will be desired in different networks wireless or wired, point to point or dense networks
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Cai, Fang. "Efficient VLSI Architectures for Non-binary Low Density Parity Check Decoding." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1300821245.
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Tamma, Raja Venkatesh. "Iterative equalization and decoding using reduced-state sequence estimation based soft-output algorithms." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/283.
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We study and analyze the performance of iterative equalization and decoding (IED) using an M-BCJR equalizer. We use bit error rate (BER), frame error rate simulations and extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) charts to study and compare the performances of M-BCJR and BCJR equalizers on precoded and non-precoded channels. Using EXIT charts, the achievable channel capacities with IED using the BCJR, M-BCJR and MMSE LE equalizers are also compared. We predict the BER performance of IED using the M-BCJR equalizer from EXIT charts and explain
the discrepancy between the observed and predicted performances by showing that the extrinsic outputs of the $M$-BCJR algorithm are not true logarithmic-likelihood ratios (LLR's). We show that the true LLR's can be estimated if the
conditional distributions of the extrinsic outputs are known and finally we design a practical estimator for computing the true LLR's from the extrinsic outputs
of the M-BCJR equalizer.
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Mikšíček, Pavel. "Zjištění síťové architektury u poplachového přenosového systému LAN-RING." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231282.
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This master’s thesis deals with a complex solution for the visualization of network topology. The first part of thesis describes the operation principle of LLDP protocol, which was chosen as a tool for retrieving informations from network traffic based on the requirement of the assignment. There is a detailed description of the LLDP protocol implementation in C language to METEL s.r.o. network products. The second part deals with possibilities of graphical interface in software SIMULand intended for managing network devices. It describes tools expansion process for the visualization of the network topology. In conclusion, the results of testing final solution are introduced.
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Martin, Teresa Ann. "A Curriculum for General Academic Preparation." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2199.
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The curriculum at the English Language Center (ELC) at Brigham Young University (BYU) currently has two programs: Foundations and Academic. In order for students to progress from Foundations to the Academic Program, they must pass their Level Achievement Tests (LATs), which are administered as final exams. Each semester there are students who do not pass their LATs. The question then is what should happen to these students? Should they be asked to leave the ELC, should they have to repeat the same level until they pass, or should they be promoted without passing their LATs? This project presents an alternative solution to this situation through a curriculum specifically designed for these students. Outlined in this document are the analysis, design, development, and results of implementing that curriculum. The main elements of the course consist of 3 main classes: Reading, Listening/Speaking, Writing/Grammar, and an individualized Language Learning Plan (LLP) that allows the curriculum to be tailored to meet the individual student needs. These LLPs are an integral part of the curriculum and both the problems and benefits associated with them are set out in this paper. The course is woven together using a themed textbook series, which recycles vocabulary and helps to ensure that the students experience an integrated system despite having 3 separate classes. Budgeting is always a consideration for any school, and methods to increase the cost effectiveness of the curriculum are also discussed at various points of the document. Finally, the outcomes and value of the program to the different stakeholders and lessons learned are outlined in order to provide a summary of the overall usefulness and effectiveness of the General Academic Prep (GAP) curriculum.
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Hauck, Hans-Christian [Verfasser]. "Die Partnerschaft mit beschränkter Berufshaftung : Eine analytische Betrachtung der Haftungsstruktur unter Berücksichtigung der englischen Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) / Hans-Christian Hauck." Frankfurt a.M. : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1202695485/34.
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Ngasu-Betek, Ngole, and Munir Haroon. "Total Quality Management as a Competitive Advantage - From a Marketing Perspective : A Case study of HMS Industrial Networks AB and Ernst & Young LLP." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1601.
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This research study focuses on how a company can achieve competitive advantage through total quality management from a marketing mix standpoint. To gain a deeper grasp of the research topic, a research question was formulated and the thesis is based on the marketing mix and competitive advantage model which is the theoretical framework of this study.
The research is a qualitative study and the empirical data was collected from two international companies operating in Halmstad i.e. HMS Industrial Networks AB and Ernst & Young LLP.
The findings show that quality is not an extra cost for the company, rather it is a way to increase your productivity, the better quality you have, the fewer products you discard and the better planning you have. Hence it was deduced from the research that competitive advantage is achievable by ensuring proper quality management in the pricing, product, promotion and distribution strategies implemented by a company.
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Che, Siinn. "Search for long-lived resonance decaying to a dilepton pair in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1534515934683945.
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Nickola, Marisa. "Astronomical seeing conditions as determined by turbulence modelling and optical measurement." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28328.
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Modern space geodetic techniques are required to provide measurements of millimetre-level accuracy. A new fundamental space geodetic observatory for South Africa has been proposed. It will house state-of-the-art equipment in a location that guarantees optimal scientific output. Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) is one of the space geodetic techniques to be hosted on-site. This technique requires optical (or so-called astronomical) seeing conditions, which allow for the propagation of a laser beam through the atmosphere without excessive beam degradation. The seeing must be at ~ 1 arc second resolution level for LLR to deliver usable ranging data. To establish the LLR system at the most suitable site and most suitable on-site location, site characterisation should include a description of the optical seeing conditions. Atmospheric turbulence in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) contributes significantly to the degradation of optical seeing quality. To evaluate astronomical seeing conditions at a site, a two-sided approach is considered – on the one hand, the use of a turbulence-resolving numerical model, the Large Eddy Simulation NERSC (Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Centre) Improved Code (LESNIC) to simulate seeing results, while, on the other hand, obtaining quantitative seeing measurements with a seeing monitor that has been developed in-house.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology
MSc
Unrestricted
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Freudenberg, Brett David, and na. "Tax Transparent Companies: Striving for Tax Neutrality? A Legal International Comparative Study of Tax Transparent Companies and their Potential Application for Australian Closely Held Businesses." Griffith University. Department of Accounting, Finance and Economics, 2009. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20100615.094301.
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An underlying issue which inheres in any taxation framework relates to the manner in which it operates and the actual distribution of its imposts or appropriations. In this respect, a tax system needs to confront two fundamental (and interrelated) questions first, precisely how the tax or impost should be imposed and, secondly, who should bear the legal obligation or onus of payment. These issues can be conceptualised not only from a purely legal or positivist perspective, in terms of identifying who will incur the obligation to pay tax, but also in terms of a more economic and instrumental standpoint as to which entity or individual should effectively be paying the tax. These alternatives may not result in the same conclusions, particularly for the taxation of business forms. To provide one example, if the business form has separate legal entity status from its members, should the business form, as a legal person, be subject to tax separately from its members? From a legal standpoint the response to this question is that such a business form should bear the impost. However, from an economical perspective it may be preferable that the business income and/or losses are directly allocated to its members. Indeed, tax transparency (aggregate approach) has been argued as an economically superior model, although it is not without its critics...
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Hara, Tenshi, Marius Feldmann, Yvonne Mußmacher, and Alexander Schill. "Zesare: Kompetenzbündelung zur Unterstützung Studierender beim Erwerb studienbegleitender Zertifizierungen an sächsischen Hochschulen – Ein Projektbericht." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-125990.
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Im Rahmen eines vom Hochschuldidaktischen Zentrums Sachsen ausgelobten Projektes im Rahmen des Verbundes „Lehrpraxis im Transfer“ wurde eine online Lehr-/Lern-Plattform konzipiert und prototypisch implementiert. Dabei stand die Förderung des Wissenstransfers zwischen den verschiedenen sächsischen Hochschulen im Vordergrund, wodurch Lehrende und Lernende effizient im Wissenstransfer unterstützt werden sollen.
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Milliner, David Louis. "Low-complexity list detection algorithms for the multiple-input multiple-output channel." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37248.
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Modern communication systems demand ever-increasing data rates. Meeting this increased demand is not easy due to regulation and fundamental physical constraints. The utilization of more than one antenna at both the transmitter and receiver produces a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel, thereby enabling (under certain channel conditions) increased data rates without the need for increased bandwidth or transmission power. Concurrent with this increase in bandwidth is an increase in the receiver's computational complexity which, for a brute-force detector, increases exponentially. For receivers that possess error correcting capabilities, the problem of constructing a detector with low computational complexity that allows for near-exact a posteriori detection is challenging for transmission schemes employing even a modest number of transmit antennas and modulation alphabet sizes. The focus of this dissertation is on the construction of MIMO detection algorithms with low and fixed computational complexity. Specifically, the detection algorithms in this dissertation generate a list of potential transmission vectors resulting in realizable communication receivers with low and fixed computational complexity combined with low error rate performance in both coded and uncoded systems.
A key contribution in this dissertation is a breadth-first fixed-complexity algorithm known as the smart-ordered and candidate-adding algorithm that achieves a desirable performance-complexity tradeoff. This algorithm requires only a single pass of a search tree to find its list of transmission vectors. We then construct a framework within which we classify a large class of breadth-first detection algorithms.
The design of receiver algorithms for MIMO systems employing space-time codes and error correction is an important area of study. In this dissertation we propose a low and fixed computational complexity algorithm for an increasingly significant algebraic space-time code known as the golden code.
The notion of computational complexity is critical in the design of practical MIMO receivers. We provide an analysis of computational complexity in relation to list-based soft-output detection where, in some instances, bounds are placed on the computational complexity of MIMO detection. For this analysis we utilize a metric known as the number of branch metric computations.
The value at which the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) of conditional probabilities for a transmitted bit being either a 1 or a 0 is 'clipped' has an impact on a system's error rate performance. We propose a new approach for determining LLR clipping levels that, in contrast to prior approaches which clip to a predetermined fixed LLR clipping level, exploits channel state information to improve the error rate performance of suboptimal detection algorithms.
Orthogonal frequency-division (OFDM) multiplexing is an effective technique for combating frequency-selective wideband communication channels. It is common practice for MIMO-OFDM detectors to implement the same detector at each subcarrier, in which case the overall performance is dominated by the weakest subcarrier. We propose a hard-output list detection receiver strategy for MIMO-OFDM channels called nonuniform computational complexity allocation, whereby the receiver adapts the computational resources of the MIMO detector at each subcarrier to match a metric of the corresponding channel quality. The proposed nonuniform algorithm improves performance over uniform allocation.
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Roger, Varea Sandra. "Design and Implementation of Efficient Algorithms for Wireless MIMO Communication Systems." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/16562.
Full textAbstract:
En la última década, uno de los avances tecnológicos más importantes que han hecho culminar la nueva generación de banda ancha inalámbrica es la comunicación mediante sistemas de múltiples entradas y múltiples salidas (MIMO). Las tecnologías MIMO han sido adoptadas por muchos estándares inalámbricos tales como LTE, WiMAS y WLAN. Esto se debe principalmente a su capacidad de aumentar la máxima velocidad de transmisión , junto con la fiabilidad alcanzada y la cobertura de las comunicaciones inalámbricas actuales sin la necesidad de ancho de banda extra ni de potencia de transmisión adicional. Sin embargo, las ventajas proporcionadas por los sistemas MIMO se producen a expensas de un aumento sustancial del coste de implementación de múltiples antenas y de la complejidad del receptor, la cual tiene un gran impacto sobre el consumo de energía. Por esta razón, el diseño de receptores de baja complejidad es un tema importante que se abordará a lo largo de esta tesis.
En primer lugar, se investiga el uso de técnicas de preprocesado de la matriz de canal MIMO bien para disminuir el coste computacional de decodificadores óptimos o bien para mejorar las prestaciones de detectores subóptimos lineales, SIC o de búsqueda en árbol. Se presenta una descripción detallada de dos técnicas de preprocesado ampliamente utilizadas: el método de Lenstra, Lenstra, Lovasz (LLL) para lattice reduction (LR) y el algorimo VBLAST ZF-DFE. Tanto la complejidad como las prestaciones de ambos métodos se han evaluado y comparado entre sí. Además, se propone una implementación de bajo coste del algoritmo VBLAST ZF-DFE, la cual se incluye en la evaluación.
En segundo lugar, se ha desarrollado un detector MIMO basado en búsqueda en árbol de baja complejidad, denominado detector K-Best de amplitud variable (VB K-Best). La idea principal de este método es aprovechar el impacto del número de condición de la matriz de canal sobre la detección de datos con el fin de disminuir la complejidad de los sistemasRoger Varea, S. (2012). Design and Implementation of Efficient Algorithms for Wireless MIMO Communication Systems [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/16562
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Barthel, Alexander. "Analysis, Implementation and Enhancement of Vendor dependent and independent Layer-2 Network Topology Discovery." Master's thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200500455.
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This work shows and implements possibilities of OSI Layer-2 Network Topology Discovery based on information from Cisco Discovery Protocol, Spanning Tree Protocol and Switches' Filtering DatabasesDiese Arbeit zeigt und implementiert Möglichkeiten zur OSI Layer-2 Netzwerk Topologie Erkennung basierend auf Informationen des Cisco Discovery Protocol, Spanning Tree Protocol und Switch Filter Datenbanken
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Šedý, Jakub. "Turbo konvoluční a turbo blokové kódy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219287.
Full textAbstract:
The aim is to explain the Turbo convolutional and block turbo codes and decoding the secure message. The practical part focuses on the design of a demonstration program in Matlab. The work is divided into four parts. The first two deal with theoretical analysis of coding and decoding. The third section contains a description created a demonstration program that allows you to navigate the process of encoding and decoding. The fourth is devoted to simulation and performance of turbo codes.
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Ivanov, Yury V. "The Roles of Moron Genes in the Escherichia Coli Enterobacteria Phage Phi-80." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1350778152.
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Li, Chien-Fu, and 李健福. "On the Design and Implementation of an LLRP Reader." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76296435136750528302.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
資訊電機工程碩士在職專班
97
When the enterprise applications of radio frequency identification (RFID) have been used widely, the network management is getting more and more difficult. To manage and control numerous readers, there will be some questions, such as various brands of commercial readers and different frequency regulations by countries all over the world. There is a great chance that an application developer will encounter variety of application programming interfaces (API). It will bring much higher cost to the development of application systems and reader management. In 2007, EPCglobal released the standard of Low Level Reader Protocol (LLRP) that specifies a set of reader API''s for inventory operation, access operation, RF operation, antenna operation, and survey operation. The purpose of LLRP standard is intended to unify interfaces between applications and readers. It is anticipated that LLRP will become one the major EPCglobal standards and accepted by reader manufactures. This thesis is to design and implement a simulation system of an LLRP reader. In this LLRP reader simulator, we focus on the functions corresponding to digital components of a reader design, i.e., inventory operation, access operation, and survey operation. The design of a reader is divided into three layers: application layer, data link layer, and physical layer. The LLRP API''s are part the application layer. The LLRP reader simulator also implements the data link layer which simulates EPC Class-1 Generation-2 protocol between the reader and tags. However, the physical layer is not realized in the simulator. Hence, RF operation and antenna operation are not included. The LLRP reader simulator can be used in conjunction with ALE middleware and/or application hosts to simulate RFID enterprise applications.
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Chang, Yu-shin, and 張玉欣. "Design and Implementation of a Software Development Kit for LLRP." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9rv66x.
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Yang, Yu-Chung, and 楊彧中. "On the Design of an ALE Middleware for Supporting LLRP Readers and Its Applications." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92509336520904996290.
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碩士逢甲大學
資訊工程所
98
Low Level Reader Protocol (LLRP) is defined by EPCglobal for communicating between readers and application systems. Its purpose is to unify the communication protocol on reader. An application can control LLRP enabled readers from different manufacturers. In EPCglobal framework, the middleware filters tags according to user definition after the readers receive tag information in its field. Reader Control Module (RC) in the middleware is responsible of converting an event cycle specification to reader commands. Then, the reader report can be translated through the module and submitted to an LLRP reader. In this thesis, we will design and implement the middleware to support the LLRP reader protocol. We extend the API’s of Application Level Events (ALE), a middleware standard by EPCglobal, and functions of Reader Control Module to convert event cycle specifications to LLRP reader commands. The extended functions include specifications of trigger time definition, antenna parameter setting, report format and data receiving time. Based on the user defined event cycle specification, RC maps the specification parameters to LLRP commands. An LLRP command is written as an XML object and then is converted to binary codes conformed to LLRP frame format. Two event cycle specifications collecting tags from dock door readers and shelf readers of a warehouse management application are illustrated. The result shows that the performance can be improved by supporting LLRP readers in the ALE middleware.
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Almeida, Pedro Miguel Melo. "Solução para rastreio de produtos e validação automática de expedição com base em RFID." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/35709.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Informática apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra.Todas as empresas de base tecnológica (e não só) têm por objetivo fornecer soluções que acrescentem valor ao seu cliente final. Seguindo esse objetivo, torna-se fulcral melhorar os processos existentes ou conceber novos processos que se baseiem numa gestão eficaz e eficiente de recursos que posteriormente se traduzirão em aumentos de capital e dos níveis de produção de forma a satisfazer prontamente os seus clientes enquanto desenvolvem a competitividade. Assente nestes aspetos, pretende-se que a solução desenvolvida tenha um impacto profundo e inovador num processo logístico transversal a qualquer empresa, as Expedições. A tecnologia RFID encontra-se em franco desenvolvimento e expansão quer a nível de compatibilidade, num vasto leque de dispositivos (fixos e móveis) quer à sua propagação em várias áreas de atividade e respetivos processos de negócio. Conferindo rapidez, eficiência e fiabilidade nos processos onde opera, esta tecnologia apresenta toda uma panóplia de informação que é essencial para uma tomada de decisão consciente. Apoiado nestas premissas, a solução a desenvolver incorporará esta tecnologia no processo de Expedição com o intuito de, uma forma intuitiva e rápida, validar todas as encomendas que dão saída de um armazém ou unidade de produção (fábrica). Dado o elevado volume de dados que requerem processamento e com vista a garantir a escalabilidade, robustez e posteriores integrações com terceiros, surge a necessidade de normalização. Utilizando dicionários de dados, arquiteturas normativas e protocolos de comunicação padronizados (LLRP) da GS11 (Global Standards 1), pretende-se munir a solução com uma infraestrutura que é partilhada por inúmeros sistemas a nível global. A Creativesystems é uma empresa pioneira na implementação da tecnologia RFID, cria e implementa soluções avançadas de identificação e rastreabilidade automática, com especial ênfase nos sectores do retalho, logística e indústria, onde detém um elevado know-how e experiência. O desenvolvimento desta solução irá procurar munir a Creativesystems com um software capaz de ser aplicado a outros módulos e trazer ganhos na gestão de produtos durante um qualquer processo de Expedição.
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Chang, Huang-Leng, and 張晃崚. "On LLR routing in circuit-switched networks." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51163720166440212433.
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碩士國立中正大學
資訊工程學系
85
In the circuit-switched literature, the Least Loaded Routing (LLR) concepthas been shown to be very simple and efficient. However, it seems that thereis no unique definition for the "least busy" path, i.e., how to measure thedegree of "busy" of a pat. In this thesis, we examine six ways of definingthe least busy path and a random policy. The performance of these policiesis evaluated via computer simulations. Our simulation results show that allpolicies, include the random policy, have almost the same performance undermost of the network configurations. Only extremely low traffic load conditions,the difference between the policies becomes more significant. However, theabsolute difference is still very small (about 0.001). Therefore, we concludethat how to select the alternate path does noet affect the performance of therouting algorithms significantly when the call blocking probability is nottoo small. Instead, we found that the trunk reservation level affects theperformance of LLR-based routing algorithms significantly.
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Shen, Chin-Ning, and 申沁寧. "Nonlinear Quantization of LLR in SISO/MIMO BICM Systems." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98121879030747628685.
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碩士國立交通大學
電信工程研究所
99
As well known, soft decoding can have better performance than hard decoding. However, the computational complexity of soft decoding can be much higher. In communication systems, soft-bit information is usually represented by the log likelihood ratio (LLR). Before entering the decoder, the LLR values must be quantized. The numbers of quantized bits directly influence the decoder’s complexity. Also, in the hybrid automatic retransmission request (HARQ), the old LLR values must be stored to be combined with the new LLR values. The numbers of quantized bits directly impact the memory size. Therefore, how to reduce the number of bits in LLR values is an important research topic. In this thesis, we use the principle of mutual information maximization to obtain the optimum quantization of the LLR. We have three contributions. First, we consider the LLR quantization in high QAM systems. Second, we consider the LLR quantization in multiple-input-multiple-output systems. Third, we consider the LLR quantization in HARQ systems. Simulations show that the LLR quantization with the quantization method can significantly enhance the system performance, or reduce the number of required bits.
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Rusch, Thomas, Ingrid Dobrovits, Birgit Gatterer, and Reinhold Hatzinger. "Measuring Change And Different Response Format Effects In Large Scale Educational Testing With LLRA." 2011. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3782/1/RuschLLRA_(2).pdf.
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Long-DeLin and 林榮德. "Low Complexity LLR-Based Successive-Cancellation List Decoder for Polar Codes." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/be5edx.
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碩士國立成功大學
電機工程學系
107
Polar codes are the latest breakthrough in coding theory, as they can provably achieve the channel capacity. Among existing decoding schemes, successive-cancellation list (SCL) decoding is recognized as the main approach that can be applied to achieve the best error-correction performance. However, hardware implementation of the conventional SCL decoder usually consumes a large area and can only achieve low throughput. Recent research works were mainly focused on either reducing the hardware requirement or improving the resulting throughput. According to the log-likelihood-ratio (LLR) based SCL decoding algorithm and the concept of symbol decision, this thesis presents a highly reusable LLR memory structure and simplifies the partial-sum generator to reduce the overall area requirement of polar decoders. In addition, new frozen-location patterns of rate-0 and repetition codes were employed to decrease the number of sorting stages for approximate maximum likelihood decoding, and modified rate-0 and rate-1 codes were used to further reduce the decoding cycles. Experimental results reveal that the SCL decoder designed using the proposed algorithm and optimization schemes for a 4-bit (1024, 512) polar code with a list size of 2 can achieve at least 1.22 times the hardware efficiency of related works.
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Sung, Wei-Yueh, and 宋威岳. "Study on Plasma Vitrification Treatment for Petroleum Industry Wastes and LLRW Surrogates from Nuclear Power Plants." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08118763385641188515.
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碩士國立海洋大學
材料工程研究所
87
This study is directed to the development of a thermal plasma vitrification technique to treat low-level radioactive waste surrogates (LLRWs) and petroleum industry wastes. The ultimate goal of this study is to verify whether the thermal plasma vitrification technique is able to convert those wastes into non-hazardous glass-like final products suitable for direct disposal or recycling without further treatments. In this study, the plasma treatment has been performed in the collaboration with the Institute of Nuclear Energy Research (INER). INER owns the first Taiwan plasma system exclusively for the feasibility study of treating various hazardous wastes. LLRWs treated in this study include (1) soil and ash, (2) refractory thermal insulators, (3) ion-exchange resins (IERs) and (4) condensed chemical solutions. Petroleum industry wastes treated include (5) petroleum sludge, (6) ash residue. In general, the plasma vitrification treatment yields satisfactory results of volume and weight reductions, with those of refractory thermal insulators, IERs and petroleum sludge being the most prominent when no glass-forming additives are deliberately used. Yet, the presence of amorphous structures in some treated products suggests the products are of vitrified slag. While some of products exhibit crystalline characteristics, the treated products overall show very good leaching properties as revealed by TCLP results. The compression test results indicate the final products examined all have compressive strength values much higher than the required. Accordingly, the thermal plasma vitrification technique used in this study is demonstrated feasible to treat the LLRWs and petroleum industry wastes into qualified products with desirable properties.
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Chen, Po-Yin, and 陳博因. "Develop a Lower Limb Power Rehabilitation (LLPR) System: Application in Recovery Lower Limb Dynamic Function of Elderly." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4a35bd.
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碩士國立陽明大學
物理治療暨輔助科技學系
97
Background: Aging process may contribute deficiency of dynamic function in lower extremity of elders, and it often causes elderly decreasing their ADL(Activities of Daily Life ) function and quality of life, even suffering fall accident.The muscle power of lower extremity is crucial to quality of ADL and falling. And Sit-to-stand(STS) ability is most important ADL ability. Therefore, to quantify the lower limb power from STS and to train lower limb power will be helpful to understand falling risk of elderly and to prevent falling. Purpose: (1) to develop a lower limb power rehabilitation (LLPR) system and (2) to compare the effects of kinetic and time parameters of elderly after six weeks LLPR training.(3)to compare the result of functional ability after LLPR training and to demonstrate the effects of functional ability of LLPR training. Methods: Forty-five subjects were recruited to participate in this study. They were categorized into elderly(35) and young adults(10) and were evaluated their kinetic and time parameter of STS and their functional ability. 35 older subjects categorized into control group(18) and exercise group(17) for LLPR. A single-axis force plate, data acquisition (DAQ) system and LabVIEW software were used to evaluate biomechanical parameters in each group and execute LLPR training. Paired-t test were used to exam pre-post differences (p<0.05). Results: In the exercise group, we compared pre-test with post-test, and found 86% increment in muscle power of lower extremity, 54% increment in kinetic parameter, 39%decrement in time parameter, and 38% increment in functional ability(p<0.05).Discussions & Conclusions : Many elderly have problem of deficiency of daily function in lower extremity and movement velocity. But a lot of functional tasks are associated with speed of strength generation in lower extremity such as standing from seated position, climbing stairs, and preventing a fall. It is necessary that lower extremity execute movement immediately to prevent falling. And LLPR in functional position improved the kinetic, time, and functional parameter of elderly effectively and decrease the falling risk in clinic assessment. LLPR not only improve physical ability of elderly but also increase the quality of ADL performance. Therefore, we conclude LLPR training can improve lower limb power, functional ability and decrease falling rate effectively.
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Chao-Lin, Cheng. "Functional Analysis of a Lily (L. longiflorum) LLP-Rop1 Gene in Pollen Growth." 2006. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0005-0808200610305300.
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"Structure and function for the lentivirus lytic peptide (LLP) domains of HIV-1." Tulane University, 2005.
Find full textAbstract:
Mechanisms by which HIV-1 mediates reductions in CD4+ cell levels in infected persons are intensely investigated, and have broad implications for AIDS drug and vaccine development. Virally induced changes in membrane ionic permeability contribute to cytopathogenesis induced by lytic viruses of many families. HIV-1 induces disturbances in plasma membrane ion transport. The carboxyl terminus of TM contains amphipathic alpha-helical motifs identified because of their structural similarities to melittin, a naturally occurring cytolytic peptide, and were dubbed lentiviral lytic peptides (LLP)-1, -2, and -3. Peptides corresponding to these domains partition into lipid membranes as alpha-helices and disrupt model lipid membranes. When individual peptides from HIV-1HXB2 (a clade B laboratory adapted virus) are incubated exogenously with Xenopus oocytes, LLP-1 and -2, but not LLP-3 increased the whole cell conductance across the plasma membrane. The increased conductance observed with LLP-1 and -2 appears to be at least in part due to an increased permeability of Na+ ions. A peptide corresponding to the LLP-1 domain of a clade D HIV-1 virus, dubbed LLP-1D, displayed similar activity to the LLP-1 domain of the clade B virus in all assays, despite a lack of amino acid sequence identity. Combinations of LLP peptides appear to act cooperatively to increase the whole cell conductance of Xenopus oocyte plasma membranes. Injection of HIV-1 Env in vitro mRNA transcripts into Xenopus oocytes increased the conductance of the plasma membrane and caused a positive shift in the reversal potential. Taken together, these results suggest that the C-terminal domains of HIV-1 Env proteins may form an ion channel, or viroporin, that is capable of conducting Na + ions. Alternatively, HIV-1 Env protein may activate a silent Xenopus oocyte Na+-conductive ion channel. Increased understanding of the function of LLP domains and their role in the viral replication cycle could allow for the development of novel HIV drugsacase@tulane.edu
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Cheng, Chao-Lin, and 鄭兆伶. "Functional Analysis of a Lily (L. longiflorum) LLP-Rop1 Gene in Pollen Growth." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26128439621846540419.
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碩士國立中興大學
生物科技學研究所
94
LLP-Rop1 was identified from a suppression subtractive cDNA library from mature pollen of Lilium longiflorum. The full length of LLP-Rop1, 594 bp, was obtained using 5''- and 3''-RACE. LLP-Rop1 encodes 197 amino acids, having a calculated molecular mass of 21.7 kDa and an isoelectric point of 9.1. Sequence alignment revealed that LLP-Rop1 is a member of Rop (Rho-like GTPases of plant) GTPases of Ras superfamily. LLP-Rop1 is a late gene that contains no intron. Its mRNA was detected in roots, stems, mature filaments, and pollens. LLP-Rop1 mRNA remained its level of accumulation 24 h after germination suggesting of a critical role in tube growth. To investigate the function of LLP-Rop1, constitutively active (CA) mutant, CA-llp-rop1Q64L, and dominantly negative (DN) mutant, DN-llp-rop1D121A, were created and of which the mutant gene was fused with Zm13 promoter and eCFP (enhanced cyan fluorescent protein) and expressed them in lily germinating pollen by electroporation. It showed that eCFP-LLP-Rop1 and eCFP-CA-llp-rop1Q64L caused inhibition of tube elongation and formed a swelling tip. In addition, the fusion proteins were localized to the apical and subapical region of bulbous pollen tubes. However, eCFP-DN-llp-rop1D121A caused the inhibition of pollen tube growth but no occurrence of swelling in the tube tip. It’s known that AtRop proteins can target various RIC (ROP-interactive CRIB-motif containing protein) to control specific downstream signaling of Rop-dependent pathway. To study the interaction between LLP-Rop1 and LLP12-2 (Group Ⅱ RIC), LLP12-2 was fused with eYFP (enhanced yellow fluorescent protein) driven by Zm13 promoter. Both eCFP-LLP-Rop1 and eYFP-LLP12-2 were cooverexpressed in pollen tube using electroporation. It showed that LLP-Rop1 and LLP12-2 were colocalized at the apical and subapical regions of pollen tubes, implying the possibility that LLP12-2 is a target protein of LLP-Rop1. Furthermore, the analysis of FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) was demonstrated that LLP12-2 is a direct target of LLP-Rop1 in vivo.
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Morgenstern, Stefanie. "Calibration of the Liquid Argon Calorimeter and Search for Stopped Long-Lived Particles." 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A74816.
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This thesis dives into the three main aspects of today's experimental high energy physics: detector operation and data preparation, reconstruction and identification of physics objects, and physics analysis.The symbiosis of these is the key to reach a better understanding of the underlying principles of nature. Data from proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector during 2015-2018 are used.
In the context of detector operation and data preparation, the data quality assessment for the Liquid Argon calorimeter of the ATLAS experiment is improved by an adaptive monitoring of noisy channels and mini noise bursts allowing an assessment of their impact on the measured data at an early stage.
Besides data integrity, a precise energy calibration of electrons, positrons and photons is essential for many physics analyses and requires an excellent understanding of the detector. Corrections of detector non-uniformities originating from gaps in between the Liquid Argon calorimeter modules and non-nominal high voltage settings are derived and successfully recover the homogeneity in the energy measurement. A further enhancement is reached by introducing the azimuthal position of the electromagnetic cluster in the calibration algorithm. Additionally, a novel approach to exploit tracking information in the historically purely calorimeter-based energy calibration for electrons and positrons is presented.
Considering the track momentum results in an about 30% better energy resolution for low-pT electrons and positrons. The described optimisation of the energy calibration is especially beneficial for precision measurements which are one way to test and challenge our current knowledge of the Standard Model of particle physics. Another path is the hunt for new particles, here presented by a search for stopped long-lived particles suggested by many theoretical models.
This analysis targets gluinos which are sufficiently long-lived to form quasi-stable states and come to rest in the detector.
Their eventual decay results in large energy deposits in the calorimeters.
The special nature of the expected signature requires the exploration of non-standard datasets and reconstruction methods.
Further, non-collision backgrounds are dominant for this search which are investigated in detail. In the context of simplified supersymmetric models an expected signal sensitivity of more than 3σ for gluinos with a mass up to 1.2 TeV and a lifetime of 100 μs is achieved.
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Castanheira, Mário Alberto Soares. "Esquemas iterativos de descodificação e combinadores Chireix para sistemas Ring-Type Magnitude Modulation LINC." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/40590.
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