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Journal articles on the topic 'LLRP'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Lee, Tae-Young, Yun-Ho Kim, Yeong-Rak Seong, and Ha-Ryoung Oh. "Design of a Multi-Thread Architecture for an LLRP Server." KIPS Transactions:PartA 19A, no. 2 (April 30, 2012): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3745/kipsta.2012.19a.2.093.

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2

Catarinucci, Luca, Riccardo Colella, and Luciano Tarricone. "Design of Passive RFID Sensor Tags Enhanced by a Novel Logical Communication Procedure over LLRP." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v13i2.380.

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Over the past decade, electromagnetic and communication science societies, along with improving the classical RFID technology, have put in a great deal of effort in designing novel and more complex UHF RFID tags with augmented capabilities. Novel tags offer additional functionalities besides identification by embedding sensors, actuators, and processing units. In this work an enhanced version of one of such devices, called SPARTACUS, is presented. While being completely passive, it conjugates identification, sensing, local computing, and actuation control and enables a proactive communication with any standard RFID reader. The paper presents details on a novel logical communication procedure over Low Level Reader Protocol (LLRP), besides discussing system validation and performance evaluation.
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3

Kheddam, Rafik. "SafeRFID-MW: a RFID Middleware with runtime fault diagnosis." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 9, no. 1 (March 23, 2013): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v9i1.158.

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In recent years, due to the proliferation of radio fre-quency identification (RFID) technology in everyday life, espe-cially in critical domains such as health care and transportation systems, significant efforts have been made to enhance the de-pendability of this technology. From these efforts have emerged specific techniques and several middleware solutions to handle the large amount of the RFID data. These solutions are not suita-ble for all RFID system requirements especially for issues related to critical domains. In this paper, we propose a novel fault-tolerant RFID middleware providing two fault-tolerant mechan-isms. The first mechanism is an online diagnosis algorithm based on a statistical analysis of the generated RFID data to identify faulty components of the system such as faulty readers or tags. The second mechanism is a verification process based on an extended finite state machine of the Low Level Reader Protocol (LLRP), the communication standard between RFID readers and RFID middleware. This process aims at identifying the causes of the diagnosed failures.
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4

Taube, Wolfgang, Christian Leukel, Martin Schubert, Markus Gruber, Timo Rantalainen, and Albert Gollhofer. "Differential Modulation of Spinal and Corticospinal Excitability During Drop Jumps." Journal of Neurophysiology 99, no. 3 (March 2008): 1243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01118.2007.

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Previously it was shown that spinal excitability during hopping and drop jumping is high in the initial phase of ground contact when the muscle is stretched but decreases toward takeoff. To further understand motor control of stretch-shortening cycle, this study aimed to compare modulation of spinal and corticospinal excitability at distinct phases following ground contact in drop jump. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and H-reflexes were elicited at the time of the short (SLR)-, medium (MLR)-, and long (LLR, LLR2)-latency responses of the soleus muscle (SOL) after jumps from 31 cm height. MEPs and H-reflexes were expressed relative to the background electromyographic (EMG) activity. H-reflexes were highly facilitated at SLR (172%) and then progressively decreased (MLR = 133%; LLR = 123%; LLR2 = 110%). TMS showed no effect at SLR, MLR, and LLR, whereas MEPs were significantly facilitated at the LLR2 (122%; P = 0.003). Background EMG was highest at LLR and lowest at LLR2. Strong H-reflex facilitation at the beginning of the stance phase indicated significant contribution of Ιa-afferent input to the α-motoneurons during this phase that then progressively declined toward takeoff. Conversely, corticospinal excitability was exclusively increased at the phase of push off (LLR2, ∼120 ms). It is argued that corticomotoneurons increased their excitability at LLR2. At LLR (∼90 ms), Ιa-afferent transmission as well as corticospinal excitability was low, whereas background EMG was high. Therefore it is speculated that other sources, presumably subcortical in origin, contributed to the EMG activity at LLR in drop jumps.
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Wang, Jian, Rajesh Talluri, and Sanjay Shete. "Selection of X-chromosome Inactivation Model." Cancer Informatics 16 (January 1, 2017): 117693511774727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1176935117747272.

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To address the complexity of the X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) process, we previously developed a unified approach for the association test for X-chromosomal single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the disease of interest, accounting for different biological possibilities of XCI: random, skewed, and escaping XCI. In the original study, we focused on the SNP-disease association test but did not provide knowledge regarding the underlying XCI models. One can use the highest likelihood ratio (LLR) to select XCI models (max-LLR approach). However, that approach does not formally compare the LLRs corresponding to different XCI models to assess whether the models are distinguishable. Therefore, we propose an LLR comparison procedure (comp-LLR approach), inspired by the Cox test, to formally compare the LLRs of different XCI models to select the most likely XCI model that describes the underlying XCI process. We conduct simulation studies to investigate the max-LLR and comp-LLR approaches. The simulation results show that compared with the max-LLR, the comp-LLR approach has higher probability of identifying the correct underlying XCI model for the scenarios when the underlying XCI process is random XCI, escaping XCI, or skewed XCI to the deleterious allele. We applied both approaches to a head and neck cancer genetic study to investigate the underlying XCI processes for the X-chromosomal genetic variants.
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6

Arar, Maher, Claude D'Amours, and Abbas Yongacoglu. "Simplified LLRs for the Decoding of Single Parity Check Turbo Product Codes Transmitted Using 16QAM." Research Letters in Communications 2007 (2007): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/53517.

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Iterative soft-decision decoding algorithms require channel log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) which, when using 16QAM modulation, require intensive computations to be obtained. Therefore, we derive four simple approximate LLR expressions. When using the maximum a posteriori probability algorithm for decoding single parity check turbo product codes (SPC/TPCs), these LLRs can be simplified even further. We show through computer simulations that the bit-error-rate performance of(8,7)2and(8,7)3SPC/TPCs, transmitted using 16QAM and decoded using the maximum a posteriori algorithm with our simplified LLRs, is nearly identical to the one achieved by using the exact LLRs.
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7

Manning, Curtis D., and Parveen Bawa. "Heteronymous reflex connections in human upper limb muscles in response to stretch of forearm muscles." Journal of Neurophysiology 106, no. 3 (September 2011): 1489–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00084.2011.

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Torque motor produced stretch of upper limb muscles results in two distinct reflex peaks in the electromyographic activity. Whereas the short-latency reflex (SLR) response is mediated largely by the spinal monosynaptic reflex pathway, the longer-latency reflex (LLR) is suggested to involve a transcortical loop. For the SLRs, patterns of heteronymous monosynaptic Ia connections have been well-studied for a large number of muscles in the cat and in humans. For LLRs, information is available for perturbations to proximal joints, although the protocols for most of these studies did not focus on heteronymous connections. The main objective of the present study was to elicit both SLRs and LLRs in wrist flexors and extensors and to examine heteronymous connections from these muscles to elbow flexors (biceps brachii; BiBr) and extensors (triceps brachii; TriBr) and to selected distal muscles, including abductor pollicis longus (APL), first dorsal interosseous (FDI), abductor digiti minimi (ADM), and Thenars. The stretch of wrist flexors produced SLR and LLR peaks in APL, FDI, ADM, Thenars, and BiBr while simultaneously inducing inhibition of wrist extensors and TriBr. When wrist extensors were stretched, SLR and LLR peaks were observed in TriBr, whereas the primary wrist flexors, APL and BiBr, were inhibited; response patterns of FDI, ADM, and Thenars were less consistent. The main conclusions from the observed data are that: 1) as in the cat, afferents from wrist flexors and extensors make heteronymous connections with proximal and distal upper limb muscles; and 2) the strength of heteronymous connections is greater for LLRs than SLRs in the distal muscles, whereas the opposite is true for the proximal muscles. In the majority of observations, SLR and LLR excitatory peaks were observed together. However, on occasion, LLRs were observed without the SLR response in hand muscles when wrist extensors were stretched.
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8

Scuderi, Vincenzo, and Roberto I. Troisi. "Tissue Management With Tri-Staple Technology in Major and Minor Laparoscopic Liver Resections." International Surgery 99, no. 5 (September 1, 2014): 606–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9738/intsurg-d-13-00101.1.

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Abstract One of the most relevant technologic advancements in laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) is owing to the improved ability to safely secure and divide vascular and biliary structures and the liver parenchyma by the use of endostaplers. We compared, retrospectively, 35 LLRs with the Tri-Staple technology versus 57 LLRs without, during a 14-month period. Colorectal liver metastases were overall the main indication for LLR. Neither major hepatectomy nor left lateral sectionectomy was done in the nonstapled group. Mean surgical time and blood loss were similar, whereas the tumor number and size were significantly larger in the stapled group (P ≤ 0.01). The conversion rate was 0% and 3.5% (n = 2); and the morbidity rate was 9% (n = 3) and 12% (n = 7), respectively, in the stapled and nonstapled group (P = 0.8). No overall 3-month mortality was recorded. Endo GIA Reloads with Tri-Staple technology allow a proper division of the intrahepatic vessels and biliary structure. These devices in LLRs are safe and feasible, allowing major hepatectomy and complex cases as 2-staged procedures and laparoscopic living donor liver resections.
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9

Ogura, Atsushi, Tsuyoshi Konishi, Chris Cunningham, Julio Garcia-Aguilar, Henrik Iversen, Shigeo Toda, In Kyu Lee, et al. "Neoadjuvant (Chemo)radiotherapy With Total Mesorectal Excision Only Is Not Sufficient to Prevent Lateral Local Recurrence in Enlarged Nodes: Results of the Multicenter Lateral Node Study of Patients With Low cT3/4 Rectal Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.18.00032.

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Purpose Improvements in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), total mesorectal excision (TME) surgery, and the use of (chemo)radiotherapy ([C]RT) have improved local control of rectal cancer; however, we have been unable to eradicate local recurrence (LR). Even in the face of TME and negative resection margins (R0), a significant proportion of patients with enlarged lateral lymph nodes (LLNs) suffer from lateral LR (LLR). Japanese studies suggest that the addition of an LLN dissection (LLND) could reduce LLR. This multicenter pooled analysis aims to ascertain whether LLNs actually pose a problem and whether LLND results in fewer LLRs. Patients and Methods Data from 1,216 consecutive patients with cT3/T4 rectal cancers up to 8 cm from the anal verge who underwent surgery in a 5-year period were collected. LLND was performed in 142 patients (12%). MRIs were re-evaluated with a standardized protocol to assess LLN features. Results On pretreatment MRI, 703 patients (58%) had visible LLN, and 192 (16%) had a short axis of at least 7 mm. One hundred eight patients developed LR (5-year LR rate, 10.0%), of which 59 (54%) were LLRs (5-year LLR rate, 5.5%). After multivariable analyses, LLNs with a short axis of at least 7 mm resulted in a significantly higher risk of LLR (hazard ratio, 2.060; P = .045) compared with LLNs of less than 7 mm. In patients with LLNs at least 7 mm, (C)RT plus TME plus LLND resulted in a 5-year LLR of 5.7%, which was significantly lower than that in patients who underwent (C)RT plus TME (5-year LLR, 19.5%; P = .042). Conclusion LLR is still a significant problem after (C)RT plus TME in LLNs with a short axis at least 7 mm on pretreatment MRI. The addition of LLND results in a significantly lower LLR rate.
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10

Tataroglu, Cengiz, Ahmet Genc, Egemen Idiman, Raif Cakmur, and Fethi Idiman. "Cortical Relay Time for Long Latency Reflexes in Patients with Definite Multiple Sclerosis." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 31, no. 2 (May 2004): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100120578.

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AbstractBackground:Long latency reflexes (LLR) include afferent sensory, efferent motor and central transcortical pathways. It is supposed that the cortical relay time (CRT) reflects the conduction of central transcortical loop of LLR. Recently, evidence related to the cortical involvement in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been reported in some studies. Our aim was to investigate the CRT alterations in patients with MS.Methods:Upper extremity motor evoked potentials (MEP), somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) and LLR were tested in 28 patients with MS and control subjects (n=22). The patients with MS were classified according to the clinical form (relapsing-remitting [R-R] and progressive groups). The MS patients with secondary progressive and primary progressive forms were considered as the “progressive” group. CRT for LLR was calculated by subtracting the peak latency of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) and that of motor evoked potentials (MEP) by transcranial magnetic stimulation from the onset latency of the second component of LLR (LLR2) (CRT = LLR2 – [MEP latency + N20 latency])Results:Cortical relay time was calculated as 7.4 ± 0.9 ms in control subjects. Cortical relay time was prolonged in patients with MS (11.2 ± 2.9 ms) (p<0.0001). The latencies of LLR, MEP and SEP were also prolonged in patients with MS. Cortical relay time was not correlated with disease severity and clinical form in contrast to other tests.Conclusions:Our findings suggested that CRT can be a valuable electrophysiological tool in patients with MS. Involvement of extracortical neural circuits between sensory and motor cortices or cortical involvement due to MS may cause these findings.
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11

Li, Yang, Zhi-Ping Cai, and Hong Xu. "LLMP: Exploiting LLDP for Latency Measurement in Software-Defined Data Center Networks." Journal of Computer Science and Technology 33, no. 2 (March 2018): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11390-018-1819-2.

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12

Cui, Lanlan, Fei Wu, Xiaojian Liu, Meng Zhang, Renzhi Xiao, and Changsheng Xie. "Improving LDPC Decoding Performance for 3D TLC NAND Flash by LLR Optimization Scheme for Hard and Soft Decision." ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems 27, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3473305.

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Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have been widely adopted in NAND flash in recent years to enhance data reliability. There are two types of decoding, hard-decision and soft-decision decoding. However, for the two types, their error correction capability degrades due to inaccurate log-likelihood ratio (LLR) . To improve the LLR accuracy of LDPC decoding, this article proposes LLR optimization schemes, which can be utilized for both hard-decision and soft-decision decoding. First, we build a threshold voltage distribution model for 3D floating gate (FG) triple level cell (TLC) NAND flash. Then, by exploiting the model, we introduce a scheme to quantize LLR during hard-decision and soft-decision decoding. And by amplifying a portion of small LLRs, which is essential in the layer min-sum decoder, more precise LLR can be obtained. For hard-decision decoding, the proposed new modes can significantly improve the decoder’s error correction capability compared with traditional solutions. Soft-decision decoding starts when hard-decision decoding fails. For this part, we study the influence of the reference voltage arrangement of LLR calculation and apply the quantization scheme. The simulation shows that the proposed approach can reduce frame error rate (FER) for several orders of magnitude.
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Huang, Ping, Yue Heng Li, and Mei Yan Ju. "Efficient LLR Optimization Based on GMI for LDPC Coded BICM Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 519-520 (February 2014): 1016–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.519-520.1016.

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In this paper, A new on-line LLR optimization method based on the generalized mutual information (GMI) maximization is proposed for LDPC coded BICM systems. As the BP decoder is sensitive to imperfect soft demodulator output information, it is necessary to correct the LLRs to provide the reliable information for BP decoder. The proposed method searched the scalar factors to maximize the GMI for each bit channel, and applied them to the demodulator output LLRs. Different from the previous reference, the proposed found the factors by on-line computation with minor complexity. This characteristic makes it is more effective in the real systems where the channel changes rapidly. Numerical and simulation results verify that the proposed method achieves noticeable performance improvement for MIMO-BICM systems with LDPC codes.
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Attar, Prof Vahida Z., and Piyush chandwadkar. "Network Discovery Protocol LLDP and LLDP-MED." International Journal of Computer Applications 1, no. 9 (February 25, 2010): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/207-348.

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15

Bramhall, Naomi F., Christopher E. Niemczak, Sean D. Kampel, Curtis J. Billings, and Garnett P. McMillan. "Evoked Potentials Reveal Noise Exposure–Related Central Auditory Changes Despite Normal Audiograms." American Journal of Audiology 29, no. 2 (June 8, 2020): 152–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_aja-19-00060.

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Purpose Complaints of auditory perceptual deficits, such as tinnitus and difficulty understanding speech in background noise, among individuals with clinically normal audiograms present a perplexing problem for audiologists. One potential explanation for these “hidden” auditory deficits is loss of the synaptic connections between the inner hair cells and their afferent auditory nerve fiber targets, a condition that has been termed cochlear synaptopathy . In animal models, cochlear synaptopathy can occur due to aging or exposure to noise or ototoxic drugs and is associated with reduced auditory brainstem response (ABR) wave I amplitudes. Decreased ABR wave I amplitudes have been demonstrated among young military Veterans and non-Veterans with a history of firearm use, suggesting that humans may also experience noise-induced synaptopathy. However, the downstream consequences of synaptopathy are unclear. Method To investigate how noise-induced reductions in wave I amplitude impact the central auditory system, the ABR, the middle latency response (MLR), and the late latency response (LLR) were measured in 65 young Veterans and non-Veterans with normal audiograms. Results In response to a click stimulus, the MLR was weaker for Veterans compared to non-Veterans, but the LLR was not reduced. In addition, low ABR wave I amplitudes were associated with a reduced MLR, but with an increased LLR. Notably, Veterans reporting tinnitus showed the largest mean LLRs. Conclusions These findings indicate that decreased peripheral auditory input leads to compensatory gain in the central auditory system, even among individuals with normal audiograms, and may impact auditory perception. This pattern of reduced MLR, but not LLR, was observed among Veterans even after statistical adjustment for sex and distortion product otoacoustic emission differences, suggesting that synaptic loss plays a role in the observed central gain. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.11977854
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Murray, Katherine C., Marilee J. Stephens, Edmund W. Ballou, Charles J. Heckman, and David J. Bennett. "Motoneuron Excitability and Muscle Spasms Are Regulated by 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C Receptor Activity." Journal of Neurophysiology 105, no. 2 (February 2011): 731–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00774.2010.

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Immediately after spinal cord injury (SCI), a devastating paralysis results from the loss of brain stem and cortical innervation of spinal neurons that control movement, including a loss of serotonergic (5-HT) innervation of motoneurons. Over time, motoneurons recover from denervation and function autonomously, exhibiting large persistent calcium currents (Ca PICs) that both help with functional recovery and contribute to uncontrolled muscle spasms. Here we systematically evaluated which 5-HT receptor subtypes influence PICs and spasms after injury. Spasms were quantified by recording the long-lasting reflexes (LLRs) on ventral roots in response to dorsal root stimulation, in the chronic spinal rat, in vitro. Ca PICs were quantified by intracellular recording in synaptically isolated motoneurons. Application of agonists selective to 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C receptors (including BW723C86) significantly increased the LLRs and associated Ca PICs, whereas application of agonists to 5-HT1, 5-HT2A, 5-HT3, or 5-HT4/5/6/7 receptors (e.g., 8-OH-DPAT) did not. The 5-HT2 receptor agonist–induced increases in LLRs were dose dependent, with doses for 50% effects (EC50) highly correlated with published doses for agonist receptor binding ( Ki) at 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C receptors. Application of selective antagonists to 5-HT2B (e.g., RS127445) and 5-HT2C (SB242084) receptors inhibited the agonist-induced increase in LLR. However, antagonists that are known to specifically be neutral antagonists at 5-HT2B/C receptors (e.g., RS127445) had no effect when given by themselves, indicating that these receptors were not activated by residual 5-HT in the spinal cord. In contrast, inverse agonists (such as SB206553) that block constitutive activity at 5-HT2B or 5-HT2C receptors markedly reduced the LLRs, indicating the presence of constitutive activity in these receptors. 5-HT2B or 5-HT2C receptors were confirmed to be on motoneurons by immunolabeling. In summary, 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C receptors on motoneurons become constitutively active after injury and ultimately contribute to recovery of motoneuron function and emergence of spasms.
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Jan, Qasim, Shahid Hussain, Muhammad Furqan, Zhiwen Pan, Nan Liu, and Xiaohu You. "A Novel Flip-List-Enabled Belief Propagation Decoder for Polar Codes." Electronics 10, no. 18 (September 18, 2021): 2302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10182302.

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Due to the design principle of parallel processing, belief propagation (BP) decoding is attractive, and it provides good error-correction performance compared with successive cancellation (SC) decoding. However, its error-correction performance is still inferior to that of successive cancellation list (SCL) decoding. Consequently, this paper proposes a novel flip-list- (FL)-enabled belief propagation (BP) method to improve the error-correction performance of BP decoding for polar codes with low computational complexity. The proposed technique identifies the vulnerable channel log-likelihood ratio (LLR) that deteriorates the BP decoding result. The FL is utilized to efficiently identify the erroneous channel LLRs and correct them for the next BP decoding attempt. The preprocessed channel LLR through FL improves the error-correction performance with minimal flipping attempts and reduces the computational complexity. The proposed technique was compared with the state-of-the-art BP, i.e., BP bit-flip (BP-BF), generalized BP-flip (GBPF), cyclic redundancy check (CRC)-aided (CA-SCL) decoding, and ordered statistic decoding (OSD), algorithms. Simulation results showed that the FL-BP had an excellent block error rate (BLER) performance gain up to 0.7 dB compared with BP, BP-BF, and GBPF decoder. Besides, the computational complexity was reduced considerably in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime compared with the BP-BF and GBPF decoding methods.
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Ortega, Lorenzo, Charly Poulliat, Marie Laure Boucheret, Marion Aubault Roudier, Hanaa Al-Bitar, and Pau Closas. "Low Complexity Robust Data Demodulation for GNSS." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 13, 2021): 1341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041341.

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In this article, we provide closed-form approximations of log-likelihood ratio (LLR) values for direct sequence spread spectrum (DS-SS) systems over three particular scenarios, which are commonly found in the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) environment. Those scenarios are the open sky with smooth variation of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the additive Gaussian interference, and pulsed jamming. In most of the current communications systems, block-wise estimators are considered. However, for some applications such as GNSSs, symbol-wise estimators are available due to the low data rate. Usually, the noise variance is considered either perfectly known or available through symbol-wise estimators, leading to possible mismatched demodulation, which could induce errors in the decoding process. In this contribution, we first derive two closed-form expressions for LLRs in additive white Gaussian and Laplacian noise channels, under noise uncertainty, based on conjugate priors. Then, assuming those cases where the statistical knowledge about the estimation error is characterized by a noise variance following an inverse log-normal distribution, we derive the corresponding closed-form LLR approximations. The relevance of the proposed expressions is investigated in the context of the GPS L1C signal where the clock and ephemeris data (CED) are encoded with low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. Then, the CED is iteratively decoded based on the belief propagation (BP) algorithm. Simulation results show significant frame error rate (FER) improvement compared to classical approaches not accounting for such uncertainty.
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Casaldàliga, Jaume, Josep M. Girona, and Carmen Sánchez. "Dr. Juan Roca Llop." Revista Española de Cardiología 57, no. 1 (January 2004): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-8932(04)77068-2.

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Casaldàliga, Jaume, Josep M. Girona, and Carmen Sánchez. "Dr. Juan Roca Llop." Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition) 57, no. 1 (January 2004): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1885-5857(06)60094-7.

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Casaldàliga, Jaume, Josep M. Girona, and Carmen Sánchez. "Dr. Juan Roca Llop." Revista Española de Cardiologia 57, no. 1 (January 2004): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1157/13056515.

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Liem, Peng Hong, Donny Hartanto, Yoshihisa Tahara Tahara, and Naoyuki Takaki. "Nuclear Transmutation of Long-Lived Fission Product I-129 in Radial Blanket of Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor." Nuclear Science and Technology 9, no. 3 (September 15, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.53747/jnst.v9i3.38.

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An investigation on the nuclear transmutation of elemental long-lived fission product (LLFP) in a fast reactor is being conducted focusing on the I-129 LLFP (half-life 15.7 million years) to reduce the environmental burden. The LLFP assembly is loaded into the radial blanket region of a Japanese MONJU class sodium-cooled fast reactor (710 MWth, 148 days/cycle). The iodine element containing I-129 LLFP (without isotope separation) is mixed with YD2 and/or YH2 moderator material to enhance the nuclear transmutation rate. We studied the optimal moderator volume fraction to maximize the transmutation rate (TR, %/year) and the support factor (SF is defined as the ratio of transmuted to produced LLFP). We also investigated the effect of LLFP assembly loading position in the radial blanket and the severe power peak appeared at the fuel assembly adjacent to the LLFP assembly.
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Witowski, Jan, Andrzej Budzyński, Anna Grochowska, David H. Ballard, Piotr Major, Mateusz Rubinkiewicz, Adriana Złahoda-Huzior, Tadeusz J. Popiela, Mateusz Wierdak, and Michał Pędziwiatr. "Decision-making based on 3D printed models in laparoscopic liver resections with intraoperative ultrasound: a prospective observational study." European Radiology 30, no. 3 (November 26, 2019): 1306–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00330-019-06511-2.

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Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate impact of 3D printed models on decision-making in context of laparoscopic liver resections (LLR) performed with intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) guidance. Methods Nineteen patients with liver malignances (74% were colorectal cancer metastases) were prospectively qualified for LLR or radiofrequency ablation in a single center from April 2017 to December 2018. Models were 3DP in all cases based on CT and facilitated optical visualization of tumors’ relationships with portal and hepatic veins. Planned surgical extent and its changes were tracked after CT analysis and 3D model inspection, as well as intraoperatively using IOUS. Results Nineteen patients were included in the analysis. Information from either 3DP or IOUS led to changes in the planned surgical approach in 13/19 (68%) patients. In 5/19 (26%) patients, the 3DP model altered the plan of the surgery preoperatively. In 4/19 (21%) patients, 3DP independently changed the approach. In one patient, IOUS modified the plan post-3DP. In 8/19 (42%) patients, 3DP model did not change the approach, whereas IOUS did. In total, IOUS altered surgical plans in 9 (47%) cases. Most of those changes (6/9; 67%) were caused by detection of additional lesions not visible on CT and 3DP. Conclusions 3DP can be helpful in planning complex and major LLRs and led to changes in surgical approach in 26.3% (5/19 patients) in our series. 3DP may serve as a useful adjunct to IOUS. Key Points • 3D printing can help in decision-making before major and complex resections in patients with liver cancer. • In 5/19 patients, 3D printed model altered surgical plan preoperatively. • Most surgical plan changes based on intraoperative ultrasonography were caused by detection of additional lesions not visible on CT and 3D model.
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Siddique, Mohammad Abdul Momin, Md Soliman Hossain, Md Sabbir Hossain, Zahid Hasan, Jewel Das, and Golam Mustafa. "Some population parameters of Bengal yellowfin seabream, Acanthopagrus longispinnis (Val.), from Hatiya Island, Bay of Bengal." Fisheries & Aquatic Life 28, no. 3 (November 18, 2020): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aopf-2020-0018.

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AbstractSize frequency, length-weight relationships (LWRs), length-length relationships (LLRs), and relative condition factor (Kn) was studied in an estuarine fish the Bengal yellowfin seabream, Acanthopagrus longispinnis (Val.), from Hatiya Island in the Meghna River estuary. Specimens were caught with fixed purse nets of two mesh sizes (0.2 to 0.5 inch and 2.0 to 2.5 inch) from January to March 2020. The total body length of A. longispinnis ranged between 5.8 and 9.3 cm throughout the sampling period. The length-weight relationships for A. longispinnis was highly significant (p < .001), and the adjusted r2 value was 0.921. The calculated growth coefficient (b) for A. longispinnis was 3.163, which indicated a hyperallometric growth pattern. The length-length equation TL = 1.1384 SL + 0.4899 for unsexed A. longispinnis was highly significant (p = 0.001, r2 = 0.951). There were no significant variations in relative condition factors among the specimens of different length classes (5.5–9.5 cm). No information regarding length-weight or length-length relationships for A. longispinnis was previously reported in FishBase. Our estimated LWR and LLR parameters for A. longispinnis can be useful for management and conservation purposes of this estuarine species.
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Patterson, Stephen D., and Richard A. Ferguson. "Enhancing Strength and Postocclusive Calf Blood Flow in Older People With Training With Blood-Flow Restriction." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 19, no. 3 (July 2011): 201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.19.3.201.

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The response of calf-muscle strength, resting blood flow, and postocclusive blood flow (PObf) were investigated after 4 wk of low-load resistance training (LLRT) with and without blood-flow restriction in a matched-leg design. Ten untrained older individuals age 62–73 yr performed unilateral plantar-flexion LLRT at 25% 1-repetition maximum (1RM). One limb was trained with normal blood flow and the other had blood flow restricted using a pressure cuff above the knee. 1RM, isometric maximal voluntary contraction, and isokinetic strength at 0.52 rad/s increased (p < .05) more after LLRT with blood-flow restriction than with normal blood flow. Peak PObf increased (p < .05) after LLRT with blood-flow restriction, compared with no change after LLRT with normal blood flow. These results suggest that 4 wk of LLRT with blood-flow restriction may be beneficial to older individuals to improve strength and blood-flow parameters.
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Hovi, Jon, and Detlef F. Sprinz. "The Limits of the Law of the Least Ambitious Program." Global Environmental Politics 6, no. 3 (August 2006): 28–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep.2006.6.3.28.

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Arild Underdal's work on the Law of the Least Ambitious Program (LLAP) is a significant contribution to our understanding of the logic of international collaboration. The LLAP, however, applies only under particular conditions. After comparing the law to the joint decision trap and the veto player concept, we discuss four observations that tend to limit the law's domain. First, while the LLAP is intended to apply to decision-making under unanimity, in a number of international bodies decisions are made by some kind of majority voting. Second, the LLAP assumes that the alternative to collective agreement is individual decision-making, yet in practice the relevant alternative (the “reversion rule”) is often the continuation of some pre-existing collaborative arrangement. Third, whereas the LLAP assumes that the unanimity rule invariably favors the least ambitious program, there are interesting cases where this assumption does not hold. Finally, the LLAP does not take into account that the outcome of international decision-making not only depends on the decision rule and the reversion rule, but also on the voting sequence.
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Al-Askery, Ali, Ali Al-Naji, and Mohammed Alsabah. "Improving the Performance of Turbo-Coded Systems under Suzuki Fading Channels." Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications 9, no. 2 (March 29, 2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jlpea9020013.

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In this paper, the performance of coded systems is considered in the presence of Suzuki fading channels, which is a combination of both short-fading and long-fading channels. The problem in manipulating a Suzuki fading model is the complicated integration involved in the evaluation of the Suzuki probability density function (PDF). In this paper, we calculated noise PDF after the zero-forcing equalizer (ZFE) at the receiver end with several approaches. In addition, we used the derived PDF to calculate the log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) for turbo-coded systems, and results were compared to Gaussian distribution-based LLRs. The results showed a 2 dB improvement in performance compared to traditional LLRs at 10 - 6 of the bit error rate (BER) with no added complexity. Simulations were obtained utilizing the Matlab program, and results showed good improvement in the performance of the turbo-coded system with the proposed LLRs compared to Gaussian-based LLRs.
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Chen, Ji-yan, Zjongming Chen, and Qin Lu. "Superconducting lossless resistor (LLR) and LLR-based fault current limiter." Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications 282-287 (August 1997): 2641–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4534(97)01404-4.

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Pastorello, Elide Anna, Linda Borgonovo, Marta Piantanida, Jan Walter Schroeder, Valerio Pravettoni, Stefano Pastori, Beatrice Bilo’ Maria, et al. "Higher venom-specific IgE levels differentiate children with previous local large reactions from children with previous systemic reactions of different severity." Archives of Asthma, Allergy and Immunology 5, no. 1 (March 19, 2021): 017–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.aaai.1001025.

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Introduction: Risk factors for systemic reactions (SRs) from hymenoptera venom (HV) allergy are well known in the adult population but they have been little studied in the pediatric one. Method: The aim of our study was to identify risk factors for SRs in a population of children allergic to HV, comparing a series of clinical (age, gender, atopy, asthma) and laboratory (total IgE, tryptase, venom-specific IgE levels) variables between patients with at least two large local reactions (LLRs) and patients with SRs of different severity for the identified insect. We selected a population of HV allergic children aged <15 years with LLRs or SRs stratified according to Mueller grades after stinging. Results: The population included 80 children, 35 with at least 2 LLRs and 45 with SRs. The level of specific IgE for vespid (Polistes dominula, Vespula species) venoms was significantly higher (p = 0.0321) in children with SRs (Mueller grade II+III+IV) than in those with LLRs and the same significance was also found for specific IgE for Apis mellifera, considering SRs group (Mueller grade I+II+III+IV) in respect with LLRs group (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: The main difference in our pediatric population was the highest level of specific IgE in children with a history of SRs compared to those with a history of LLRs for both vespids and honey bees. These results, once confirmed on a larger population, could suggest the opportunity to follow the behavior of venom specific IgE in children with LLRs to reveal a risk to develop future more serious reactions.
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Sari, Jayanti Yusmah, and Rizal Adi Saputra. "Pengenalan Finger Vein Menggunakan Local Line Binary Pattern dan Learning Vector Quantization." Jurnal ULTIMA Computing 9, no. 2 (April 2, 2018): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31937/sk.v9i2.790.

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This research proposes finger vein recognition system using Local Line Binary Pattern (LLBP) method and Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ). LLBP is is the advanced feature extraction method of Local Binary Pattern (LBP) method that uses a combination of binary values from neighborhood pixels to form features of an image. The straight-line shape of LLBP can extract robust features from the images with unclear veins, it is more suitable to capture the pattern of vein in finger vein image. At the recognition stage, LVQ is used as a classification method to improve recognition accuracy, which has been shown in earlier studies to show better results than other classifier methods. The three main stages in this research are preprocessing, feature extraction using LLBP method and recognition using LVQ. The proposed methodology has been tested on the SDUMLA-HMT finger vein image database from Shandong University. The experiment shows that the proposed methodology can achieve accuracy up to 90%. Index Terms—finger vein recognition, Learning Vector Quantization, LLBP, Local Line Binary Pattern, LVQ.
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Eipper, Daniel T., George S. Young, Steven J. Greybush, Seth Saslo, Todd D. Sikora, and Richard D. Clark. "Predicting the Inland Penetration of Long-Lake-Axis-Parallel Snowbands." Weather and Forecasting 33, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 1435–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-18-0033.1.

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Abstract Predicting the inland penetration of lake-effect long-lake-axis-parallel (LLAP) snowbands is crucial to public safety because LLAP bands can produce hazardous weather well downwind of the parent lake. Accordingly, hypotheses for the variation in inland penetration of LLAP-band radar echoes (InPen) are formulated and tested. The hypothesis testing includes an examination of statistical relationships between environmental variables and InPen for 34 snapshots of LLAP bands observed during the Ontario Winter Lake-effect Systems (OWLeS) field campaign. Several previously proposed predictors of LLAP-band formation or InPen demonstrate weak correlations with InPen during OWLeS. A notable exception is convective boundary layer (CBL) depth, which is strongly correlated with InPen. In addition to CBL depth, InPen is strongly correlated with cold-air advection in the upper portion of the CBL, suggesting that boundary layer destabilization produced by vertically differential cold-air advection may be an important inland power source for preexisting LLAP bands. This power production is quantified through atmospheric energetics and the resulting variable, differential thermal advection power (DTAP), yields reasonably skillful predictions of InPen. Nevertheless, an InPen model developed using DTAP is outperformed by an empirical model combining CBL depth and potential temperature advection in the upper portion of the CBL. This two-variable model explains 76% of the observed InPen variance when tested on independent data. Finally, implications for operational forecasting of InPen are discussed.
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Steenburgh, W. James, and Leah S. Campbell. "The OWLeS IOP2b Lake-Effect Snowstorm: Shoreline Geometry and the Mesoscale Forcing of Precipitation." Monthly Weather Review 145, no. 7 (July 2017): 2421–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-16-0460.1.

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Long-lake-axis-parallel (LLAP) lake-effect precipitation systems that form when the flow is parallel to the long axis of an elongated body of water frequently produce intense, highly localized snowfall. Conceptual models of these LLAP systems typically emphasize the role of thermally forced land breezes from the flanking shorelines, with low-level convergence and ascent centered near the lake axis. In reality, other factors such as shoreline geometry and differential surface roughness can strongly influence LLAP systems. Here a WRF Model simulation is used to examine the mesoscale forcing of lake-effect precipitation over Lake Ontario during IOP2b of the Ontario Winter Lake-effect Systems (OWLeS) field campaign. In the simulation, the large-scale flow, shoreline geometry, and differential surface heating and roughness contribute to the development of three major airmass boundaries. The first is a land-breeze front that forms along a bulge in the south shoreline between St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada, and Thirty Mile Point, New York; extends downstream over eastern Lake Ontario; and plays a primary role in the LLAP system development. The second is a land-breeze front that forms along the southeast shoreline near Oswego, New York; extends downstream and obliquely across the LLAP system near Tug Hill; and influences inland precipitation processes. The third is a convergence zone that extends downstream from the north shoreline near Point Petre, Ontario, Canada; and contributes to the intermittent development of lake-effect precipitation north of the primary LLAP system. These results highlight the multifaceted nature of LLAP system development over Lake Ontario, especially the contributions of shoreline geometry and mesoscale airmass boundaries.
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Hammond, Keith. "Lifelong Learning in Palestine." Holy Land Studies 11, no. 1 (May 2012): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/hls.2012.0031.

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Palestine's universities are recognised as being involved in outstanding work in the difficult conditions of a belligerent occupation. Internal travel restrictions and over 600 checkpoints and barriers have unsuccessfully tried to atomise higher education. Lifelong Learning in Palestine (LLIP) is a Tempus project that sees universities as central influences in broader societal change. LLIP works on cooperating in formal and informal education and training that give the organic connections of a future learning society. This paper outlines the aims and objectives of the LLIP project that began in 2011 and runs up to October 2013. LLIP is exploring new student-centred pedagogies that create a learning culture that sees Palestinians determining their own future as any other people around the world and participating in the creation of a global knowledge based society.
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Rentschler, Markus, and Oliver Kleineberg. "Komfortable Fehlerdiagnose mit dem LLDP-Protokoll." atp edition - Automatisierungstechnische Praxis 52, no. 05 (May 1, 2010): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17560/atp.v52i05.397.

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35

Vari, Anna, Ray Kemp, and Jeryl L. Mumpower. "Public Concerns about LLRW Facility Siting." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 22, no. 1 (March 1991): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022191221007.

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Fatkin, G. A., A. M. Batrakov, I. V. Ilyin, and M. Yu Vasilyev. "Digital LLRF controller for NICA booster." Journal of Instrumentation 11, no. 10 (October 7, 2016): P10006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/11/10/p10006.

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37

Cairns, Francis. "The Learning Latin Computer Package (LLCP)." ReCALL 3, no. 4 (May 1991): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0958344000002524.

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LLCP - the acronym covers the Learning Latin Computer Package and the Learning Latin Computer Project - started as a Computers in Teaching Initiative project under my direction in April 1986. Its aim was to create PC software to support Latin parsing and metaphrasing exercises based on the course book Learning Latin: an Introductory Course for Adults by John Randall et al, which was published to coincide with the project. Learning Latin is unique among Latin courses in a number of ways: it uses only real Latin, that is, Latin by classical Latin-speaking authors, it is in essence intelligence-based rather than rote-memory based, and it was designed to lead to computer assistance. Learning Latin is aimed primarily at beginners; but it can and does function also as a rapid revision course for students who have already studied and gained qualifications in Latin al secondary or high school.
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Silva, Júlio C. G., Rodrigo R. Aniceto, Leandro S. Oliota-Ribeiro, Gabriel R. Neto, Leonardo S. Leandro, and Maria S. Cirilo-Sousa. "Mood Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Resistance Exercise Among Basketball Players." Perceptual and Motor Skills 125, no. 4 (May 16, 2018): 788–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031512518776847.

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This study compared the acute effects of resistance exercise with and without blood flow restriction (BFR) on basketball players’ mood states. A total of 11 male basketball players (M age = 19.9, SD = 2.8 years; M height = 180.8, SD = 7.8 cm; M weight = 71.1, SD = 9.1 kg; M body mass index = 22.1, SD = 1.9 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to two experimental conditions: (a) low-load resistance exercise with BFR (LLRE + BFR) and high-load resistance exercise (HLRE) without BFR. We measured mood state with the Brunel Mood Scale before and after each session. There was a significant interaction effect such that there was increased fatigue over time with LLRE + BFR ( p = .001, Δ% = 169.2). Regarding total mood disorder, there were significant pre and postexercise differences between athletes exposed to both the LLRE + BFR and HLRE conditions ( p = .048) and a decharacterization of the iceberg mood profile in the post-training LLRE + BFR condition. LLRE + BFR, compared to HLRE, promoted an acute negative effect on mood state, decharacterization of the iceberg profile, total mood disturbance, and increased participant fatigue, suggesting that this method of strength training should be avoided before sports competitions.
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FRANCO, JADER JOB, DIRCEU AGOSTINETTO, ANA CLAUDIA LANGARO, LAIS TESSARI PERBONI, and LEANDRO VARGAS. "RELATIVE COMPETITIVENESS OF GOOSEGRASS BIOTYPES AND SOYBEAN CROPS." Revista Caatinga 30, no. 2 (June 2017): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252017v30n201rc.

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ABSTRACT The goosegrass (Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn) is an annual plant that has a low-level resistance to glyphosate (LLRG), resulting in control failure in genetically modified soybean crops for resistance to this herbicide. Alleles related to resistance may cause changes in the plant biotype, such as inferior competitive ability. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluated the competitive ability of soybean crops and susceptible and resistant (LLRG) goosegrass biotypes. Replacement series experiments were conducted with soybean crops and goosegrass biotypes. The ratios of soybean to susceptible or resistant (LLRG) goosegrass plants were 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100, with a total population of 481 plants m-2. The leaf area, plant height and shoot dry weight were evaluated at 40 days after emergence of the soybean crops and weeds. The soybean crop had superior competitive ability to the susceptible and resistant (LLRG) goosegrass biotypes. The soybean crop showed similar competitive ability in both competitions, either with the susceptible or resistant (LLRG) goosegrass biotypes. The intraspecific competition was more harmful to the soybean crop, while the interspecific competition caused greater damage to the goosegrass biotypes competing with the soybean crop.
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Liu, Weihua, Shan Zeng, Guiju Wu, Hao Li, and Feifei Chen. "Rice Seed Purity Identification Technology Using Hyperspectral Image with LASSO Logistic Regression Model." Sensors 21, no. 13 (June 26, 2021): 4384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134384.

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Hyperspectral technology is used to obtain spectral and spatial information of samples simultaneously and demonstrates significant potential for use in seed purity identification. However, it has certain limitations, such as high acquisition cost and massive redundant information. This study integrates the advantages of the sparse feature of the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm and the classification feature of the logistic regression model (LRM). We propose a hyperspectral rice seed purity identification method based on the LASSO logistic regression model (LLRM). The feasibility of using LLRM for the selection of feature wavelength bands and seed purity identification are discussed using four types of rice seeds as research objects. The results of 13 different adulteration cases revealed that the value of the regularisation parameter was different in each case. The recognition accuracy of LLRM and average recognition accuracy were 91.67–100% and 98.47%, respectively. Furthermore, the recognition accuracy of full-band LRM was 71.60–100%. However, the average recognition accuracy was merely 89.63%. These results indicate that LLRM can select the feature wavelength bands stably and improve the recognition accuracy of rice seeds, demonstrating the feasibility of developing a hyperspectral technology with LLRM for seed purity identification.
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Shi, Rui, and Hajime Tanaka. "The anomalies and criticality of liquid water." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 43 (October 15, 2020): 26591–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2008426117.

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The origin of water’s anomalies has been a matter of long-standing debate. A two-state model, dating back to Röntgen, relies on the dynamical coexistence of two types of local structures—locally favored tetrahedral structure (LFTS) and disordered normal-liquid structure (DNLS)—in liquid water. Phenomenologically, this model not only explains water’s thermodynamic anomalies but also can rationalize the existence of a liquid–liquid critical point (LLCP) if there is a cooperative formation of LFTS. We recently found direct evidence for the coexistence of LFTS and DNLS in the experimental structure factor of liquid water. However, the existence of the LLCP and its impact on water’s properties has remained elusive, leaving the origin of water’s anomalies unclear. Here we propose a unique strategy to locate the LLCP of liquid water. First, we make a comprehensive analysis of a large set of experimental structural, thermodynamic, and dynamic data based on our hierarchical two-state model. This model predicts that the two thermodynamic and dynamical fluctuation maxima lines should cross at the LLCP if it exists, which we confirm by hundred-microsecond simulations for model waters. Based on recent experimental results of the compressibility and diffusivity measurements in the no man’s land, we reveal that the two lines cross around 184 K and 173 MPa for real water, suggesting the presence of the LLCP around there. Nevertheless, we find that the criticality is almost negligible in the experimentally accessible region of liquid water because it is too far from the LLCP. Our findings would provide a clue to settle the long-standing debate.
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Yang, Zhi You, Shao Rong Lu, Zhi Yi Huang, Chun He Yu, and Kuo Liu. "Lower Branched Liquid Crystalline Polyester POSS Used as Collaborative Modifier for Epoxy Resin." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 698–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.698.

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A new kind of lower-branched liquid crystalline polyester (LLCP) containing polyester mesogenic units was synthesized by p-hydroxybenzoic acid, terephthalyl chloride and trimellitic anhydride (TMA), then was used as collaborative modifier for the epoxy resin (E-51) with γ-azyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS). The experimental results showed that the LLCP / POSS could act as an effective toughening modifier for the epoxy resin. The impact strength of the composites modified with LLCP and POSS was 1.1 times higher than that of the unmodified system. The temperature of starting decomposition and maximum decomposition rate improved about 20 oC and 13 oC , respectively.
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Jelinek, Kate. "Deviance at RKGA LLP." Issues in Accounting Education 27, no. 2 (January 1, 2012): 475–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace-50118.

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ABSTRACT The purpose of this case is to relate the topic of workplace deviance to students entering the accounting profession. Deviance is defined as “voluntary employee behavior that violates organizational norms and, in so doing, threatens the well-being of the organization or its members” (Robinson and Bennett 1995). In an audit context, examples include fudging expense reports, breaking client dress protocol, and complaining to the client about firm policies. This case is based on incidents the author noticed while working in public practice as well as observations relayed by current auditors. The case relates the story of a senior manager with a large regional firm who is assigned the onerous task of investigating partners' numerous complaints of observing audit firm members engaging in behavior such as taking extra-long lunches, running personal errands during work hours, and needlessly surfing the Internet while at client locations. The case is intended to develop students' understanding of the following: the concept of workplace deviance, the three types of deviance, and the causes and consequences of deviant behavior in an audit setting. Students are asked to identify examples of deviant behavior in the case as well as from previous professional work experiences.
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Yang, Polung, Li-Shuang Ai, Shu-Chen Huang, Hsiao-Fen Li, Woan-Eng Chan, Chih-Wei Chang, Chiung-Yuan Ko, and Steve S. L. Chen. "The Cytoplasmic Domain of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transmembrane Protein gp41 Harbors Lipid Raft Association Determinants." Journal of Virology 84, no. 1 (September 30, 2009): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00899-09.

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ABSTRACT The molecular basis for localization of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) in detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs), also called lipid rafts, still remains unclear. The C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of gp41 contains three membrane-interacting, amphipathic α-helical sequences, termed lentivirus lytic peptide 2 (LLP-2), LLP-3, and LLP-1, in that order. Here we identify determinants in the cytoplasmic tail which are crucial for Env's association with Triton X-100-resistant rafts. Truncations of LLP-1 greatly reduced Env localization in lipid rafts, and the property of Gag-independent gp41 localization in rafts was conserved among different strains. Analyses of mutants containing single deletions or substitutions in LLP-1 showed that the α-helical structure of the LLP-1 hydrophobic face has a more-critical role in Env-raft associations than that of the hydrophilic face. With the exception of a Pro substitution for Val-833, all Pro substitution and charge-inverting mutants showed wild-type virus-like one-cycle viral infectivity, replication kinetics, and Env incorporation into the virus. The intracellular localization and cell surface expression of mutants not localized in lipid rafts, such as the TM844, TM813, 829P, and 843P mutants, were apparently normal compared to those of wild-type Env. Cytoplasmic subdomain targeting analyses revealed that the sequence spanning LLP-3 and LLP-1 could target a cytoplasmic reporter protein to DRMs. Mutations of LLP-1 that affected Env association with lipid rafts also disrupted the DRM-targeting ability of the LLP-3/LLP-1 sequence. Our results clearly demonstrate that LLP motifs located in the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of gp41 harbor Triton X-100-resistant raft association determinants.
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Li, Wei, Ding-Tao Wu, Fen Li, Ren-You Gan, Yi-Chen Hu, and Liang Zou. "Structural and Biological Properties of Water Soluble Polysaccharides from Lotus Leaves: Effects of Drying Techniques." Molecules 26, no. 15 (July 21, 2021): 4395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154395.

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In the present study, the influence of five drying techniques on the structural and biological properties of polysaccharides from lotus leaves (LLPs) was investigated. Results revealed that the yields, contents of basic chemical components, molecular weights, and molar ratios of compositional monosaccharides of LLPs varied by different drying technologies. Low molecular weight distributions were observed in polysaccharides obtained from lotus leaves by hot air drying (LLP-H), microwave drying (LLP-M), and radio frequency drying (LLP-RF), respectively. The high contents of bound polyphenolics were measured in LLP-H and LLP-M, as well as polysaccharides obtained from lotus leaves by vacuum drying (LLP-V). Furthermore, both Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of LLPs were similar, indicating that drying technologies did not change their basic chemical structures. Besides, all LLPs exhibited obvious biological properties, including in vitro antioxidant capacities, antiglycation activities, and inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase. Indeed, LLP-H exhibited higher 2,2-azidobisphenol (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging ability (IC50 values, LLP-H, 0.176 ± 0.004 mg/mL; vitamin C, 0.043 ± 0.002 mg/mL) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrate phenyl) hydrazine radical scavenging ability (IC50 values, LLP-H, 0.241 ± 0.007 mg/mL; butylated hydroxytoluene, 0.366 ± 0.010 mg/mL) than others, and LLP-M exerted stronger antiglycation (IC50 values, LLP-M, 1.023 ± 0.053 mg/mL; aminoguanidine, 1.744 ± 0.080 mg/mL) and inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase (IC50 values, LLP-M, 1.90 ± 0.02 μg/mL; acarbose, 724.98 ± 16.93 μg/mL) than others. These findings indicate that both hot air drying and microwave drying can be potential drying techniques for the pre-processing of lotus leaves for industrial applications.
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Shofiani, Prima. "ANALISIS INCOME SMOOTHING PADA PERBANKAN ISLAM NEGARA-NEGARA TELUK DI TIMUR TENGAH." Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi dan Keuangan 6, no. 2 (August 28, 2017): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32639/jiak.v6i2.91.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji income smoothing menggunakan loan loss provision (LLP) pada perbankan Islam. Sampel penelitian ini adalah bank-bank Islam negara-negara Teluk Timur Tengah. Variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah loan loss provision (LLP) dan variabel independen adalah total pembiayaan, non performing finance (NPF) dan capital adequacy ratio (CAR). Analisis data menggunakan regresi data panel dengan EViews 7. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa non performing finance (NPF) berpengaruh positif terhadap LLP. Total pembiayaan tidak berpengaruh positif terhadap loan loss provision (LLP) dan capital adequacy ratio (CAR) tidak berpengaruh positif terhadap loan loss provision (LLP). Kata Kunci: loan loss provision (LLP), Income smoothing, Bank Islam
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47

Kim, Jong Man, Sangjin Kim, Jinsoo Rhu, Gyu-Seong Choi, Choon Hyuck David Kwon, and Jae-Won Joh. "Elderly Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients: Open or Laparoscopic Approach?" Cancers 12, no. 8 (August 14, 2020): 2281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12082281.

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It remains unclear whether the short-term benefits and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) accrue to elderly patients with medical comorbidities. The aim of the present study was to compare the outcomes between LLR and open liver resection (OLR) in elderly patients (≥65 years) with solitary, treatment-naïve solitary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). From January 2013 to August 2017, 256 elderly patients with solitary treatment-naive HCC underwent liver resection. All patients were Child–Pugh class A and older than 65 years. The OLR and LLR groups contained 160 and 96 patients, respectively. The median tumor size in the OLR group was significantly larger than that in the LLR group (3.9 vs. 2.6 cm), but the tumor size did not differ between the two groups after matching. The median operation time, blood loss, transfusion rate, and postoperative complications in the OLR group did not differ from those in the LLR group, but the operation time in the LLR group was longer than that in the OLR group after matching. The median hospitalization in the LLR group was significantly shorter than that in the OLR group. Disease-free survival (DFS) in the LLR group was better than that in the OLR group before and after matching, but the difference was not significant. Patient survival (PS) in the LLR group was similar to that in the OLR group. LLR is feasible and safe for elderly patients with solitary, treatment-naïve HCC. The short- and long-term benefits of LLR are evident in geriatric oncological liver surgery patients.
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48

Breiner, Evelyn. "Low Level Radioactive Waste Disposal — Technology and Public Policy." Journal of the IEST 29, no. 4 (July 1, 1986): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.1.29.4.d2u10t1v116v6750.

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The disposal of low level radioactive waste (LLRW) is becoming a political problem of the eighties. The problems with shallow land burial of LLRW in the recent past have indicated to the public that the operational technology is not adequate; therefore, studies are concentrating on the use of alternate technologies. These technologies consist of below and aboveground vaults, earth-mounded concrete bunkers, minded cavities, and augered holes. Each of these disposal concepts meet various performance criteria set for the disposal of LLRW. However, there are some performance criteria in each case, where the alternate disposal methods do not show any Improvement over shallow land burial. A trade-off is then necessary between sociopolitical acceptance and technical performance.
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49

Dong, Z. "On the Local Lifting Properties of Operator Spaces." Canadian Journal of Mathematics 61, no. 6 (December 1, 2009): 1262–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cjm-2009-059-7.

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Abstract In this paper, we mainly study operator spaces which have the locally lifting property (LLP). The dual of any ternary ring of operators is shown to satisfy the strongly local reflexivity, and this is used to prove that strongly local reflexivity holds also for operator spaces which have the LLP. Several homological characterizations of the LLP and weak expectation property are given. We also prove that for any operator space V, V** has the LLP if and only if V has the LLP and V* is exact.
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50

Nazir, Mian Faisal, Zareen Sarfraz, Naimatullah Mangi, Muhammad Kausar Nawaz Shah, Talat Mahmood, Tahir Mahmood, Muhammad Shahid Iqbal, et al. "Post-Anthesis Mobilization of Stem Assimilates in Wheat under Induced Stress." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 25, 2021): 5940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13115940.

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Stem reserves in grain crops are considered important in grain filling under post-anthesis stress in the absence/low availability of photosynthetic assimilates. Considerable variation is present among genotypes for stem reserve translocation in wheat. Therefore, this study aimed to exploit the phenotypic variation for stem reserve translocation in wheat under control and chemically induced stress conditions. The phenotypic variation among six parents and their corresponding direct cross combinations was evaluated under induced stress conditions. The results signify the presence of considerable variation between treatments, genotypes, and treatment-genotype interactions. The parent LLR-20 depicted the highest translocation of dry matter and contribution of post-anthesis assimilates under induced-stress conditions. Similarly, cross combinations Nacozari × LLR22, Nacozari × LLR 20, Nacozari × Parula, Nacozari × LLR 21, LLR 22 × LLR 21, and LLR 20 × LLR 21 showed higher source-sink accumulation under induced-stress conditions. The selected parents and cross combinations can be further utilized in the breeding program to strengthen the genetic basis for stress tolerance in wheat.
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