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1
Yamaki, T., T. Uede, N. Shijubo, and K. Kikuchi. "Functional analysis of mononuclear cells infiltrating into tumors. III. Soluble factors involved in the regulation of T lymphocyte infiltration into tumors." Journal of Immunology 140, no. 12 (1988): 4388–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.140.12.4388.
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Abstract We have analyzed the mechanisms controlling the accumulation of T lymphocytes in tumor tissues. Spleen cells, left or right popliteal lymph node cells, and tumor-infiltrating cells were obtained from tumor-inoculated rats and were cultured for 24 h. Culture supernatants were obtained and assessed for lymphocyte migration factor (LMF) activity with the use of a modified Boyden chamber. We found that tumor-infiltrating cells derived from T-9-sensitized rats produced LMF. Two waves of LMF production were observed. The first wave of LMF production was detected between 6 and 12 h (LMF-a) and the second wave of LMF production was detected between 4 and 6 days (LMF-4d and -6d) after tumor inoculation. The tumor-infiltrating cells consisted of heterogenous cell populations. We found that only tumor-infiltrating neutrophils of T-9-sensitized rats produced LMF-a. Five peaks of LMF (A through E) were detected upon fractionation of LMF-a using Mono Q anion exchange column chromatography. Peak D exhibited the strongest activity. The action of peak D was chemotactic, but not chemokinetic. The m.w. of peak D was 33,000 and 70,000. Only W3/25 (+) (helper/inducer) T cells were found to be sensitive to peak D. The production of LMF-a by purified tumor-infiltrating neutrophils in vitro is in agreement with the histologic observation that the infiltration of neutrophils precedes the appearance of W3/25 (+) T cells in tumor tissues of T-9-sensitized rats. It is thus likely that peak D of LMF-a is responsible for the infiltration of T lymphocytes into tumor tissues.
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Shih, Ping-Hsiao, Sheng-Jie Shiue, Chun-Nan Chen, et al. "Fucoidan and Fucoxanthin Attenuate Hepatic Steatosis and Inflammation of NAFLD through Modulation of Leptin/Adiponectin Axis." Marine Drugs 19, no. 3 (2021): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19030148.
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the emerging cause of chronic liver disease globally and lack of approved therapies. Here, we investigated the feasibility of combinatorial effects of low molecular weight fucoidan and high stability fucoxanthin (LMF-HSFx) as a therapeutic approach against NAFLD. We evaluated the inhibitory effects of LMF-HSFx or placebo in 42 NAFLD patients for 24 weeks and related mechanism in high fat diet (HFD) mice model and HepaRGTM cell line. We found that LMF-HSFx reduces the relative values of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c in NAFLD patients. For lipid metabolism, LMF-HSFx reduces the scores of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and increases adiponectin and leptin expression. Interestingly, it reduces liver fibrosis in NAFLD patients, either. The proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and interferon-γ are reduced in LMF-HSFx group. In HFD mice, LMF-HSFx attenuates hepatic lipotoxicity and modulates adipogenesis. Additionally, LMF-HSFx modulates SIRI-PGC-1 pathway in HepaRG cells under palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity environment. Here, we describe that LMF-HSFx ameliorated hepatic steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis and insulin resistance in NAFLD patients. LMF-HSFx may modulate leptin-adiponectin axis in adipocytes and hepatocytes, then regulate lipid and glycogen metabolism, decrease insulin resistance and is against NAFLD.
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Wu, Szu-Yuan, Yu-Ting Chen, Guo-Yu Tsai, Fu-Yin Hsu та Pai-An Hwang. "Protective Effect of Low-Molecular-Weight Fucoidan on Radiation-Induced Fibrosis Through TGF-β1/Smad Pathway-Mediated Inhibition of Collagen I Accumulation". Marine Drugs 18, № 3 (2020): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18030136.
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Radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) occurs after radiation therapy in normal tissues due to excessive production and deposition of extracellular matrix proteins and collagen, possibly resulting in organ function impairment. This study investigates the effects of low-molecular-weight fucoidan (LMF) on irradiated NIH3T3 cells. Specifically, we quantified cellular metabolic activity, fibrosis-related mRNA expression, transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), and collagen-1 protein expression, and fibroblast contractility in response to LMF. LMF pre + post-treatment could more effectively increase cellular metabolic activity compared with LMF post-treatment. LMF pre + post-treatment inhibited TGF-β1 expression, which mediates negative activation of phosphorylated Smad3 (pSmad3) and Smad4 complex formation and suppresses downstream collagen I accumulation. In addition, LMF pre + post-treatment significantly reduced actin-stress fibers in irradiated NIH3T3 cells. LMF, a natural substance obtained from brown seaweed, may be a candidate agent for preventing or inhibiting RIF.
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Kim, Young-In, Won-Seok Oh, Phil Song, et al. "Anti-Photoaging Effects of Low Molecular-Weight Fucoidan on Ultraviolet B-Irradiated Mice." Marine Drugs 16, no. 8 (2018): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16080286.
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Ultraviolet (UV) B exposure induces DNA damage and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which causes skin photoaging through signaling pathways of inflammation and modulation of extracellular matrix remodeling proteins, collagens, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP). As low molecular-weight fucoidan (LMF) has potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, we examined the protective effects of LMF against UVB-induced photoaging. A UVB-irradiated mouse model was topically treated with myricetin or LMF at 2.0, 1.0 and 0.2 mg/cm2 (LMF2.0, LMF1.0 and LMF0.2, respectively) once a day for 15 weeks. Wrinkle formation, inflammation, oxidative stress, MMP expression, and apoptosis in the treated regions were compared with those in a distilled water-treated photoaging model (UVB control). LMF treatments, particularly LMF2.0 and LMF1.0, significantly inhibited the wrinkle formation, skin edema, and neutrophil recruitment into the photo-damaged lesions, compared with those in the UVB control. While LMF decreased interleukin (IL)-1β release, it increased IL-10. The LMF treatment inhibited the oxidative stresses (malondialdehyde and superoxide anion) and enhanced endogenous antioxidants (glutathione). Additionally, LMF reduced the mRNA expression of MMP-1, 9, and 13. The histopathological analyses revealed the anti-photoaging effects of LMF exerted via its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and MMP-9-inhibiting effects. These suggest that LMF can be used as a skin-protective remedy for photoaging.
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Novianti, Dewi, Elfita Elfita, Hary Widjajanti, Salni Salni, Eliza Eliza, and Rian Oktiansyah. "Bioactive Compound from Endophytic Fungus Trichoderma sp. Isolated from Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) Leaves." Trends in Sciences 22, no. 4 (2025): 9336. https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2025.9336.
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Anacardium occidentale, commonly referred to as cashew, serves an important function in agriculture and healthcare sectors. The leaves of A. occidentale are valued as a vegetable and have applications in traditional medicinal practices. This study analyzed the antioxidant and antibacterial properties, along with bioactive compounds synthesized by endophytic fungi that exist in a symbiotic relationship within the leaf tissues of A. occidentale. The endophytic fungi were isolated from A. occidentale leaves using PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) media and identified morphologically. Each pure isolate was cultured in Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) medium for a duration of 4 weeks at ambient temperature under stable conditions. Following this incubation phase, the liquid culture was separated from the biomass and subjected to extraction with ethyl acetate, which was then evaporated to yield a concentrated extract. Each of these concentrated extracts was assessed for antioxidant properties using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay and for antibacterial properties using the disk diffusion technique. Active extracts were further separated using chromatography techniques to isolate pure compounds, which were subsequently characterized by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. This study identified 6 endophytic fungi (LM1 - LM6), comprising 3 Trichoderma sp. (LM1, LM2 and LM6), 1 Aspergillus sp. (LM3), 1 Nigrospora sp. (LM4) and 1 Penicillium sp. (LM5) based on morphological analysis. The antioxidant and antibacterial assays revealed that LM2 and LM4 demonstrated potent antioxidant effects and significant antibacterial efficacy against all bacterial strains tested. The LM2 isolate was selected for further bioactive compound isolation due to its higher extract yield. Chromatographic separation resulted in a pure yellow solid compound identified as a phenolic derivative, which showed weak antioxidant activity but demonstrated potent antibacterial effects against Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhi. Therefore, the endophytic fungus Trichoderma sp. (LM2) shows potential for development in the form of an extract or as a pure compound with structural modifications. HIGHLIGHTS We found endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of Anacardium occidentale. Trichoderma sp. (LM1), selected endophytic fungus, has the best antibacterial and antioxidant properties. The pure compound that was successfully isolated from the Trichoderma sp. is 7-hydroxy-6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Mascart, Thibaud, Gilles Lepoint, and Marleen De Troch. "Meiofauna and harpacticoid copepods in different habitats of a Mediterranean seagrass meadow." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 93, no. 6 (2013): 1557–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315413000222.
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This study investigated whether associated meiobenthic communities, especially harpacticoid copepods, differed amongst habitats. Five pre-defined habitats within and next to the Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadow were sampled: living seagrass canopy leaves (LL), small (SMF) and large (LMF) macrophytodetritus fragment accumulations and sand, bare (BS) and covered (CS). The highest meiofauna abundances were recorded in the BS for the core sampled habitats (BS, CS, SMF and LMF) and in the LMF for seagrass material habitats (SMF, LMF and LL). Harpacticoid copepods were the most abundant taxon in all habitats. The assemblage composition at copepod family level showed two distinct habitats clusters: a leaf (LMF and LL) and a sediment cluster (BS, CS and SMF). Subsequently, stable isotope analyses were conducted to analyse the relationship between copepods and their potential food sources in seagrass material habitats. Based on δ13C isotopic analyses and SIAR mixing model, harpacticoid copepods relied for 70% on epiphytes and for 30% on P. oceanica leaf material in the LMF and LL habitats.
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Sun, Chuxiong, Yifeng Guo, Qiang Li, et al. "Numerical Simulation on Saffman Force Controlled Inclusions Removal during the ESR Process." Metals 10, no. 5 (2020): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10050647.
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Electroslag remelting (ESR) is an effective method for removing nonmetallic inclusions from steels or alloys. The main stage of inclusion removal during ESR is the aggregation of liquid metal film (LMF) to form droplets at the consumable electrode tip. In this study, a lab-level ESR experiment was carried out. The number and size of inclusions at the characteristic position of the electrode were quantitatively counted. The number of inclusions in the center position of LMF were larger than that in other regions. To elucidate these phenomena, a two-dimensional mathematical model was established to study the migration of inclusions in LMF. The results indicate that due to the large velocity gradient in LMF, the Saffman force is strong enough to offset the buoyant force and drag the inclusions toward the slag/LMF interface (SFI), where the inclusions will be dissolved in the SFI region by the molten slag. This study demonstrates that the Saffman force plays a key role in the removal of nonmetallic inclusions in LMF during the ESR process.
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Shijubo, N., T. Uede, and K. Kikuchi. "Functional analysis of mononuclear cells infiltrating into tumors. V. A. soluble factor involved in the regulation of cytotoxic/suppressor T cell infiltration into tumors." Journal of Immunology 142, no. 8 (1989): 2961–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.142.8.2961.
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Abstract We have analyzed the mechanisms controlling the accumulation of cytotoxic/suppressor T lymphocytes in tumor tissues. We found that tumor-infiltrating helper/inducer T cells isolated from T-9 gliosarcoma-sensitized rats between 4 and 6 days after T-9 gliosarcoma inoculation produced a lymphocyte migration factor (LMF) during in vitro culture. Four peaks of LMF activity (A through D) were detected upon fractionation of LMF by using a Mono Q anion exchange column chromatography. Peak C exhibited the strongest activity among the four peaks of LMF. The action of peak C was chemotactic, but not chemokinetic. Peak C had an isoelectric point of 8.0 and a Mr of 26,000 Da. Only cytotoxic/suppressor T cells were found to be sensitive to peak C in vitro as well as in vivo. It is thus likely that peak C is responsible for the infiltration of cytotoxic/suppressor T cells into tumor tissues. The infiltration of lymphocytes into tumor tissues might also be regulated by the expression of lymphocyte sensitivity for LMF. The target molecule for LMF at 4 days may involve an asparagine-linked oligosaccharide.
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Razmyshlyaev, Aleksandr, and Marina Ahieieva. "OPTIMAL PARAMETERS OF A LONGITUDINAL MAGNETIC FIELD PROVIDING MIXING OF THE MELT IN A BATH IN ARC SURFACING." Technical Sciences and Technologies, no. 2(16) (2019): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2019-2(16)-7-15.
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Urgency of the research. One of the ways to improve the submerged arc surfacing process efficiency with wire is to use a control longitudinal magnetic field. (LMF). It is possible to control the geometrical dimensions of the surfaced beads, the electrode wire melting productivity increases, grinding of the structural components of the weld metal is achieved. Target setting. For effective mixing of the melt in the bath in arc surfacing with the act of the LMF, it is necessary for the melt to reach the extreme points of the tail end of the weld bath. It is necessary to determine the velocity of flows induced in the melt under the action of LMF for different frequencies and induction LMF. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. It has been shown in recent publications that for grinding the structural components of the surfaced metal and increasing its service characteristics during arc surfacing with the act of alternating LMF, it is necessary to ensure the mixing of the melt in the bath along its entire length. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The works that would deal with the mixing of the melt in the bath along its entire length during arc surfacing with the act of the alternating LMF are practically absent. The research objective. Determination of the optimal parameters of the alternating LMF, which would ensure effective mixing of the metal in the bath at submerged arc surfacing (welding) with wire. The statement of basic materials. It was assumed in the calculation method that through the head of the bath (before the arc) 90% of the total surfacing current. The dimensions of the recess (crater) under the arc in the liquid metal are determined with the help of refractory inserts. The values of velocity and acceleration, which reaches the liquid metal under the action of alternating LMF are determined. Conclusions. The optimal values of induction and frequency of LMF, providing effective mixing of the melt in the bath at submerged arc surfacing are determined.
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Onyeaka, H., C. Anumudu, T. Miri, and N. H. Ahmad. "A bibliometric analysis of research trends on the microbiological safety of lowmoisture foods." Food Research 8, no. 2 (2024): 467–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.8(2).277.
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Research has shown that some pathogens, including Salmonella and other spore-formers, survive and remain viable in low-moisture foods (LMF). This review highlighted trends in publication and outlook of the research field, using articles published in Scopus between 2001 to 2020. Systematic article retrieval, data analysis, and trend visualization were conducted using Scopus analytical tools, Excel software, and VOSviewer, respectively. A total of 267 articles were published on the microbial safety of LMF, with a rapid rise in the number of publications per year. The U.S. has the highest research output (143 publications), followed by China (35 publications). Washington State University Pullman, USA, has the highest number of publications from a single institution, while Professor Juming Tang is the author with the highest number of publications. Evaluation of trends in LMF research highlighted an initial focus on the detection of possible microbial contaminants in the foods and exploring the relationship between water activity and microbial survival. Salmonella was identified as the leading cause of foodborne diseases associated with the consumption of LMF. Newer research is focusing on the molecular characterization of microbial contaminants of LMF and approaches to eliminate these pathogens and spoilage agents from LMF. In recent years, the trend has shifted towards the use of novel technologies for microbial and toxin inactivation to mitigate and minimize the risks due to the presence of these microbial agents and their metabolites in LMF.
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Agatri, Norina, Nimas Adiani Sekar Laranti, Hanifa Nur Shabrina, and Fatmanur Hurulhanifa. "Effectiveness of Low Molecular Weight Fucoidan and High Stability Fucoxanthin (LMF- HSFX) in Phaeophyta as Bioactivity in Emergency Therapy of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)." Herb-Medicine Journal: Terbitan Berkala Ilmiah Herbal, Kedokteran dan Kesehatan 7, no. 1 (2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/hmj.v7i1.23150.
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Indonesia is a maritime nation with a rich marine ecosystem and biodiversity. The waters are abundant in Phaeophyta (brown algae), which are a significant source of bioactive compounds such as fucoidan and fucoxanthin. These compounds have shown potential in treating Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), a metabolic disorder characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver, leading to complications such as fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Low Molecular Weight Fucoidan (LMF) and High Stability Fucoxanthin (HSFx) in the curative treatment of NAFLD. Specifically, the study aims to assess the bioactivity and biocompatibility of LMF-HSFx and compare its efficacy with a placebo group in the treatment of NAFLD. The study used a non-invasive Fibroscan to test Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) and Transient Elastography on NAFLD patients. It included 42 NAFLD patients, divided into two groups: the LMF-HSFx group and the placebo group. The LMF-HSFx group received oral supplementation of 825 mg LMF fucoidan and 825 mg HSFx twice daily for six months. The effectiveness of the treatment was measured through changes in hepatic lipotoxicity, serum markers, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The results showed significant reductions in hepatic lipotoxicity, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol, and triglycerides in the LMF-HSFx group. The study also observed significant reductions in pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IFN-γ) and improvements in adiponectin and leptin levels. These findings suggest that the LMF-HSFx combination effectively reduces hepatic inflammation and improves metabolic parameters in NAFLD patients.
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Lange, Sigrun, Jameel M. Inal, Igor Kraev, Dafydd Alwyn Dart, and Pinar Uysal-Onganer. "Low Magnetic Field Exposure Alters Prostate Cancer Cell Properties." Biology 13, no. 9 (2024): 734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology13090734.
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Prostate cancer is the second most common neoplasia and fifth-leading cause of cancer death in men worldwide. Electromagnetic and magnetic fields have been classified as possible human carcinogens, but current understanding of molecular and cellular pathways involved is very limited. Effects due to extremely low magnetic/hypomagnetic fields (LMF) are furthermore poorly understood. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial mediators of cellular communication with multifaceted roles in cancer progression, including via transport and uptake of various protein and microRNA (miRNA) EV-cargoes. miRNAs regulate gene expression and are implicated in cancer-related processes such as proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance. This study investigated the effects of LMF exposure (20 nT) by magnetic shielding on the prostate cancer cell line PC3 compared to the prostate epithelial cell line PNT2 under short-term (4 h) conditions. We examined EV profiles following a 4 h LMF exposure alongside associated functional enrichment KEGG and GO pathways for the EV proteomes. The 4 h LMF exposure significantly reduced cellular EV release and modified PC3 EV cargoes to a more inflammatory and metastatic profile, with 16 Disease Pathways and 95 Human Phenotypes associated specifically with the LMF-treated PC3 EV proteomes. These included cancerous, metabolic, blood, skin, cardiac and skeletal Disease Pathways, as well as pain and developmental disorders. In the normal PNT2 cells, less EV protein cargo was observed following LMF exposure compared with cells not exposed to LMF, and fewer associated functional enrichment pathways were identified. This pointed to some differences in various cellular functions, ageing, defence responses, oxidative stress, and disease phenotypes, including respiratory, digestive, immune, and developmental pathways. Furthermore, we analysed alterations in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and miRNAs linked to metastasis, as this is crucial in cancer aggressiveness. The 4 h LMF exposure caused a significant increase in MMP2 and MMP9, as well as in onco-miRs miR-155, miR-210, miR-21, but a significant reduction in tumour-suppressor miRs (miR-200c and miR-126) in the metastatic PC3 cells, compared with normal PNT2 cells. In addition, 4 h LMF exposure significantly induced cellular invasion of PC3 cells. Overall, our findings suggest that changes in magnetic field exposures modulate EV-mediated and miR-regulatory processes in PCa metastasis, providing a basis for exploring novel therapeutic strategies.
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Da Silva, Daniel Figueiredo Alves, Sarah Lais Rocha, Selma Kazumi da Trindade Noguchi, and Katia Simone Kietzer. "Estilos de aprendizagem de estudantes de medicina no laboratório morfofuncional." Cuadernos de Educación y Desarrollo 16, no. 1 (2024): 3087–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/cuadv16n1-161.
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Introdução: No currículo integrado do curso de medicina, as ciências morfofuncionais são abordadas de forma integrada no Laboratório Morfofuncional (LMF). As metodologias ativas, enfatizadas no LMF, promovem autonomia e participação dos alunos. O estudo visa determinar os estilos de aprendizagem em estudantes de medicina no LMF, identificando possíveis diferenças de gênero e semestre. Método: Estudo transversal realizado com 285 estudantes do LMF do curso de medicina. O Índice de Estilos de Aprendizagem (IEA) foi utilizado como ferramenta de pesquisa. Resultados: A maioria da amostra (236) tinha até 29 anos e estava distribuída nos oito semestres do curso. Os resultados indicam prevalência significativa do estilo de aprendizagem equilibrado em todas as dimensões, com moderada preferência pelo estilo de aprendizagem sensorial e visual. Não foram encontradas associações estatísticas entre estilos de aprendizagem e gênero ou semestre do curso. Conclusão: Estudantes de medicina no LMF têm estilo de aprendizagem equilibrado, com inclinação para visuais e sensoriais. Essa informação pode favorecer adaptações no ambiente de aprendizado que permita ajustes personalizados na forma de ensinar e aprender.
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Schwanke, Uwe, Andreas Deussen, Gerd Heusch, and Jochen D. Schipke. "Heterogeneity of local myocardial flow and oxidative metabolism." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 279, no. 3 (2000): H1029—H1035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2000.279.3.h1029.
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In mammalian hearts, local myocardial flow (LMF) varies between 20 and 200% of the mean. It is not clear whether oxidative metabolism has a similar degree of heterogeneity. Therefore, we investigated the relation between LMF and local oxidative metabolism in isolated rabbit hearts. Buffer oxygenation with 18O2 resulted in labeled myocardial oxidation water (H2 18O). In four hearts, myocardial oxygen consumption (MV˙o 2) was calculated from the H2 18O production and compared with that calculated according to Fick. In eight additional hearts, LMF was measured using microspheres. Coronary venous H2 18O kinetics and local H2 18O residues were determined and analyzed by mathematical modeling. MV˙o 2 recovery from H2 18O was >93% compared with that according to Fick. LMF ranged from 1.91 to 11.24 ml · min−1 · g−1, and local H2 18O residue ranged from 0.41 to 1.04 μmol/g. Both variables correlated ( r = 0.62, n = 64, P < 0.001). Measurements in nine hearts were fitted by modeling using capillary permeability-surface area products ( PS c) from 2 to 10 ml · min−1 · g−1. With flow-proportional PS c, a 3.33-fold difference in LMF was associated with a 6.45-fold difference in local MV˙o 2. Both LMF and local oxidative metabolism are spatially heterogeneous, and they correlate to one another.
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Kulig, Dominika, Żaneta Król-Kilińska, Łukasz Bobak, Barbara Żarowska, Andrzej Jarmoluk, and Anna Zimoch-Korzycka. "Functional Properties of Chitosan Oligomers Obtained by Enzymatic Hydrolysis." Polymers 15, no. 18 (2023): 3801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15183801.
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The aims of this study were to obtain chitooligosaccharides (COS) from chitosan (CH) with improved functional properties and comparison of the use of two different enzymes: commercial cellulase (CL) and the dedicated enzyme chitosanase (CS). After enzymatic reaction, chitosan oligomers (NFs) were isolated by methanol into two fractions: precipitate (HMF) and supernatant (LMF). The occurrence of a hydrolysis reaction was confirmed by an increased reducing sugar content and viscosity reduction of chitosan oligomers. CPMAS 13C NMR analysis confirmed the dissimilar cleavage mechanism of the enzymes used. LMF and NF fractions were characterised by improved solubility in water (94.56%) compared to the HMF and CH samples (70.64%). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the HMF decomposed in two-stage process while CH, NF, and LMF decomposed in a three-stage process. The greatest mass loss of LMF samples (58.35%) suggests their sensitivity to high-temperature treatments. COS were a mixture of DP (degrees of polymerisation) from 3 to 18 hetero-chitooligomers, with an average Mw of <3 kDa. CL consisted of more low-DP products (DP 3–7) than COS made with CS. LMF characterised by DP~2 showed lower DPPH radical scavenging activity than HMF and NF with DP 3–7. The ability to reduce Escherichia coli increased in the given order: LMF > NF > HMF > CH.
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Chen, Buo-Fu, Christopher A. Davis, and Ying-Hwa Kuo. "An Idealized Numerical Study of Shear-Relative Low-Level Mean Flow on Tropical Cyclone Intensity and Size." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 76, no. 8 (2019): 2309–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-18-0315.1.
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Abstract Given comparable background vertical wind shear (VWS) magnitudes, the initially imposed shear-relative low-level mean flow (LMF) is hypothesized to modify the structure and convective features of a tropical cyclone (TC). This study uses idealized Weather Research and Forecasting Model simulations to examine TC structure and convection affected by various LMFs directed toward eight shear-relative orientations. The simulated TC affected by an initially imposed LMF directed toward downshear left yields an anomalously high intensification rate, while an upshear-right LMF yields a relatively high expansion rate. These two shear-relative LMF orientations affect the asymmetry of both surface fluxes and frictional inflow in the boundary layer and thus modify the TC convection. During the early development stage, the initially imposed downshear-left LMF promotes inner-core convection because of high boundary layer moisture fluxes into the inner core and is thus favorable for TC intensification because of large radial fluxes of azimuthal mean vorticity near the radius of maximum wind in the boundary layer. However, TCs affected by various LMFs may modify the near-TC VWS differently, making the intensity evolution afterward more complicated. The TC with a fast-established eyewall in response to the downshear-left LMF further reduces the near-TC VWS, maintaining a relatively high intensification rate. For the upshear-right LMF that leads to active and sustained rainbands in the downshear quadrants, TC size expansion is promoted by a positive radial flux of eddy vorticity near the radius of 34-kt wind (1 kt ≈ 0.51 m s−1) because the vorticity associated with the rainbands is in phase with the storm-motion-relative inflow.
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Li, Xuerui, Sijia Peng, Renying Yu, et al. "Co-Application of 1-MCP and Laser Microporous Plastic Bag Packaging Maintains Postharvest Quality and Extends the Shelf-Life of Honey Peach Fruit." Foods 11, no. 12 (2022): 1733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11121733.
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Honey peach (Prunus persica L.) is highly nutritious; it is an excellent source of sugars, proteins, amino acids, vitamins, and mineral elements. However, it is a perishable climacteric fruit that is difficult to preserve. In this study, “Feicheng” honey peach fruit was used as a test material to investigate the synergistic preservation effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and laser microporous film (LMF). The peach fruits were fumigated for 24 h with 2 μL L−1 1-MCP, then packed in LMF. In comparison with the control treatment, 1-MCP + LMF treatment markedly decreased the respiration rate, weight loss, and rot rate of peach fruits. Moreover, the combination of 1-MCP and LMF suppressed the increase in soluble solids (SS) and reducing sugars (RS), as well as the decrease in titratable acid (TA) and ascorbic acid (AsA). The combined application also maintained a high protopectin content and low soluble pectin content; it reduced the accumulation of superoxide anions (O2−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Except in a few samples, the catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities were higher when treated by 1-MCP + LMF. Conversely, the phenylalanine deaminase (PAL), peroxidase (POD), lipase, lipoxygenase (LOX), polygalacturonase (PG), β-glucosidase, and cellulase (Cx) activities were lower than in the control. Furthermore, 1-MCP + LMF treatment reduced the relative abundances of dominant pathogenic fungi (e.g., Streptomyces, Stachybotrys, and Issa sp.). The combined treatment improved the relative abundances of antagonistic fungi (e.g., Aureobasidium and Holtermanniella). The results indicated that the co-application of 1-MCP and LMF markedly reduced weight loss and spoilage, delayed the decline of nutritional quality, and inhibited the physiological and biochemical metabolic activities of peach during storage. These changes extended its shelf-life to 28 days at 5 °C. The results provide a reference for the commercial application of this technology.
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Lyu, Hui, Xueying Cao, and Jian Wang. "Comparative Effects of Fatiguing Exercise on Anticipatory and Compensatory Postural Adjustments between Trained and Untrained Individuals." Life 14, no. 8 (2024): 943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life14080943.
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This study evaluates the effects of general fatiguing exercises on anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs), compensatory postural adjustments (CPAs), and standing stability between 18 individuals with comprehensive training experience (TR) and 18 untrained individuals (UT). Assessments were conducted before and after a 20-min fatiguing exercise using surface electromyography and a force platform during self-initiated perturbation and postural stability tests. Key findings include that, irrespective of fatigue, the APAs onsets in the TrA/IO (p = 0.004), LMF (PRE p = 0.003, POST p < 0.001), and ST (PRE p = 0.001, POST p = 0.006) muscles activated earlier in the TR group than in the UT group. Additionally, the APA co-contraction indices of the TrA/IO-LMF (PRE p = 0.011, POST p = 0.029), TrA/IO-ST (p = 0.014), and LMF-ST (PRE p = 0.002, POST p = 0.005) muscle pairs were higher in the TR group. After fatigue, the UT group significantly increased CPA co-contraction indices for the TrA/IO-LMF (p = 0.035) and LMF-ST (p = 0.005) muscle pairs. This research highlights the importance of comprehensive training in facilitating feedforward control strategies, particularly for individuals facing challenging postural conditions, such as fatigue or disturbances.
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Tang, Zhenzhang, Huijun Le, Libo Liu, et al. "A Study on the Predawn Ionospheric Heating Effect and Its Main Controlling Factors." Remote Sensing 16, no. 20 (2024): 3809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16203809.
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We proposed, for the first time, that the angle between the horizontal projection of the magnetic field line and the sunrise line (AMFS) is a crucial factor that controls predawn heating. Through quantitative analysis, we determined that both the AMFS and the length of the magnetic field line (LMF) significantly affect predawn heating. We found that an increased AMFS intensifies predawn heating, while an increased LMF counteracts it. Our research indicates that the optimal conditions for peak predawn heating occur at an AMFS of approximately 30 degrees and an LMF of about 4000 km, where the effect surpasses 400 K. Additionally, we observed that the effects of both the AMFS and the LMF on predawn heating exhibit a saturation effect. This study provides a clearer understanding of the factors driving predawn ionospheric heating, with implications for topside ionosphere research.
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Feng, Yiting, Weiqing Zhao, Siwen Fang, et al. "Low-Molecular-Weight Fucoidan Inhibits Thromboinflammation and Ameliorates Deep Vein Thrombosis via Targeting S100A8/A9." Marine Drugs 23, no. 5 (2025): 180. https://doi.org/10.3390/md23050180.
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Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a prevalent life-threatening complication among hospitalized patients. DVT is characterized by the hypercoagulability and thromboinflammation in which platelet activation and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation are critically involved. Studies have shown that S100A8/A9 is significantly elevated in patients with DVT, and is closely associated with platelet activation and NET formation. Fucoidan, the marine polysaccharide derived from Fucus algae, has potential anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects. We found low-molecular-weight fucoidan (LMF) bound to S100A8/A9 with an equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of 2.368 × 10−8 M. LMF inhibited S100A8/A9-induced platelet hyperactivity and NET formation in vitro, and ameliorated DVT without significantly perturbing hemostasis in vivo. Our results indicate that the alarmin protein S100A8/A9 is a novel target of LMF. LMF may have therapeutic potential in S100A8/A9-induced thromboinflammation in DVT.
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Chen, Buo-Fu, Christopher A. Davis, and Ying-Hwa Kuo. "Effects of Low-Level Flow Orientation and Vertical Shear on the Structure and Intensity of Tropical Cyclones." Monthly Weather Review 146, no. 8 (2018): 2447–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-17-0379.1.
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Abstract This article explores the simultaneous effect of vertical wind shear (VWS) and low-level mean flow (LMF) on tropical cyclone (TC) structure evolution. The structural evolution of 180 western North Pacific TCs from 2002 to 2014 was measured by a new parameter, the RV ratio, which is defined as the ratio of a TC’s radius of 34-kt (17.5 m s−1) wind to its maximum wind speed at the ending point of the intensification period. Whereas TCs with RV ratios in the lowest quartile of all 180 samples favored intensification over expansion, and 82% of these TCs experienced rapid intensification, TCs with RV ratios in the topmost quartile favored size expansion over intensification. A novel result of this study is that TC RV ratios were found to correlate with the LMF orientation relative to the deep-layer VWS vector. Specifically, whereas an LMF directed toward the left-of-shear orientation favors TC intensification, a right-of-shear LMF favors TC size expansion. This study further analyzed the TC rainfall asymmetry and asymmetric surface flow using satellite observations. Results show that for a TC affected by an LMF with right-of-shear orientation, the positive surface flux anomaly in the upshear outer region promotes convection in the downshear rainband region. On the other hand, a left-of-shear LMF induces a positive surface flux anomaly in the downshear outer region, thus promoting convection in the upshear inner core. Enhancement of the symmetric inner-core convection favors intensification, whereas enhancement of the downshear rainband favors expansion.
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Wurtz, Nathalie, Bécaye Fall, Aurélie Pascual, et al. "Role ofPfmdr1inIn VitroPlasmodium falciparum Susceptibility to Chloroquine, Quinine, Monodesethylamodiaquine, Mefloquine, Lumefantrine, and Dihydroartemisinin." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 58, no. 12 (2014): 7032–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.03494-14.
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ABSTRACTThe involvement ofPfmdr1(Plasmodium falciparummultidrug resistance 1) polymorphisms in antimalarial drug resistance is still debated. Here, we evaluate the association between polymorphisms inPfmdr1(N86Y, Y184F, S1034C, N1042D, and D1246Y) andPfcrt(K76T) andin vitroresponses to chloroquine (CQ), mefloquine (MQ), lumefantrine (LMF), quinine (QN), monodesethylamodiaquine (MDAQ), and dihydroartemisinin (DHA) in 174Plasmodium falciparumisolates from Dakar, Senegal. ThePfmdr186Y mutation was identified in 14.9% of the samples, and the 184F mutation was identified in 71.8% of the isolates. No 1034C, 1042N, or 1246Y mutations were detected. ThePfmdr186Y mutation was significantly associated with increased susceptibility to MDAQ (P= 0.0023), LMF (P= 0.0001), DHA (P= 0.0387), and MQ (P= 0.00002). The N86Y mutation was not associated with CQ (P= 0.214) or QN (P= 0.287) responses. ThePfmdr1184F mutation was not associated with various susceptibility responses to the 6 antimalarial drugs (P= 0.168 for CQ, 0.778 for MDAQ, 0.324 for LMF, 0.961 for DHA, 0.084 for QN, and 0.298 for MQ). ThePfmdr186Y-Y184 haplotype was significantly associated with increased susceptibility to MDAQ (P= 0.0136), LMF (P= 0.0019), and MQ (P= 0.0001). The additionalPfmdr186Y mutation increased significantly thein vitrosusceptibility to MDAQ (P< 0.0001), LMF (P< 0.0001), MQ (P< 0.0001), and QN (P= 0.0026) in wild-typePfcrtK76 parasites. The additionalPfmdr186Y mutation significantly increased thein vitrosusceptibility to CQ (P= 0.0179) inPfcrt76T CQ-resistant parasites.
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Jossa, Bruno. "Investment funding: the main problem facing labour-managed firms?" ECONOMIA E POLITICA INDUSTRIALE, no. 2 (June 2010): 13–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/poli2010-002002.
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This paper investigates the funding difficulties of producer cooperatives and the potential risks for their financers. It claims that a cooperative requiring members to underwrite bonds will not automatically cease being an LMF (labour-managed firms), nor run the risk of under-investing. The paper also claims that an LMF-type firm will not necessarily tend to make high-risk investments because the link that binds LMF members to their firm is closer than that between shareholders and capitalist firms. Further claims are advanced and discussed to confute the widespread assumption that LMFs have no way out of their funding difficulties.
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Salas, Lucas A., Thomas G. Stewart, Bret C. Mobley, et al. "Phase I Study of High-Dose l-Methylfolate in Combination with Temozolomide and Bevacizumab in Recurrent IDH Wild-Type High-Grade Glioma." Cancer Research Communications 2, no. 1 (2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/2767-9764.crc-21-0088.
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Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations in low-grade gliomas (LGG) result in improved survival and DNA hypermethylation compared with IDH wild-type LGGs. IDH-mutant LGGs become hypomethylated during progression. It is uncertain whether methylation changes occur during IDH wild-type GBM progression and whether the methylome can be reprogrammed. This phase I study evaluated the safety, tolerability, efficacy, and methylome changes after l-methylfolate (LMF) treatment, in combination with temozolomide and bevacizumab in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma. Fourteen patients total, 13 with GBM, one with anaplastic astrocytoma, all IDH wild-type were enrolled in the study. All patients received LMF at either 15, 30, 60, or 90 mg daily plus temozolomide (75 mg/m2 5 days per month) and bevacizumab (10 mg/kg every two weeks).No MTD was identified. LMF-treated patients had median overall survival of 9.5 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 9.1–35.4] comparable with bevacizumab historical control 8.6 months (95% CI, 6.8–10.8). Six patients treated with LMF survived more than 650 days. Across all treatment doses, the most adverse events were diarrhea (7%, 1 patient, grade 2), reflux (7%, 1 patient, grade 2), and dysgeusia (7%, 1 patient, grade 2). In the six brains donated at death, there was a 25% increase in DNA methylated CpGs compared with the paired initial tumor. LMF in combination with temozolomide and bevacizumab was well tolerated in patients with recurrent IDH wild-type high-grade glioma. This small study did not establish a superior efficacy with addition of LMF compared with standard bevacizumab therapy; however, this study did show methylome reprogramming in high-grade glioma. Significance: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary brain tumor with a poor prognosis. Therapies to date have failed to improve survival. LGGs, with IDH mutations, have increased global DNA methylation and increased survival compared with GBMs. GBMs lack this mutation and have less DNA methylation. Here we show that the DNA methylome can be modified in GBM with LMF. Such treatment might be useful in methylome priming prior to immunotherapy.
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Zhu, Guodong, and Dawei Gao. "Finite Element Analysis-Aided Optimization of Rectangular Coil Assemblies Applied in Electric Vehicle Inductive Chargers." World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 4 (2021): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12040219.
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Energy efficiency and leakage magnetic field (LMF) are two important issues in electric vehicle inductive chargers. In this work, the maximum achievable coil efficiency and the corresponding LMF strength are formulated as functions of system parameters, and figures of merits (FOM) are proposed for assessing the efficiency and LMF performance of the coil assembly pair. The impacts of the coil assemblies’ geometric parameters on both FOMs are examined with the aid of finite element analysis (FEA), and measures to improve the FOMs are suggested based on FEA results. A manual optimization process is conducted on a coil assembly pair. Compared with the initial design, the optimized one results in a higher DC-to-DC efficiency and lower LMF strength while consuming less copper. The performance improvement is verified by FEA results and experimental data measured on an 85 kHz electric vehicle inductive charger prototype. The key measures for coil assembly optimization are summarized.
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Teruya, Kiichiro, Yoshihiro Kusumoto, Hiroshi Eto, Noboru Nakamichi, and Sanetaka Shirahata. "Selective Suppression of Cell Growth and Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 Expression in HT1080 Fibrosarcoma Cells by Low Molecular Weight Fucoidan Extract." Marine Drugs 17, no. 7 (2019): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17070421.
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Low molecular weight fucoidan extract (LMF), prepared by an abalone glycosidase digestion of a crude fucoidan extracted from Cladosiphon novae-caledoniae Kylin, exhibits various biological activities, including anticancer effect. Various cancers express programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), which is known to play a significant role in evasion of the host immune surveillance system. PD-L1 is also expressed in many types of normal cells for self-protection. Previous research has revealed that selective inhibition of PD-L1 expressed in cancer cells is critical for successful cancer eradication. In the present study, we analyzed whether LMF could regulate PD-L1 expression in HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells. Our results demonstrated that LMF suppressed PD-L1/PD-L2 expression and the growth of HT1080 cancer cells and had no effect on the growth of normal TIG-1 cells. Thus, LMF differentially regulates PD-L1 expression in normal and cancer cells and could serve as an alternative complementary agent for treatment of cancers with high PD-L1 expression.
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YOUNG, IAN, LISA WADDELL, SARAH CAHILL, MINA KOJIMA, RENATA CLARKE, and ANDRIJANA RAJIĆ. "Application of a Rapid Knowledge Synthesis and Transfer Approach To Assess the Microbial Safety of Low-Moisture Foods†." Journal of Food Protection 78, no. 12 (2015): 2264–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-146.
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Low-moisture foods (LMF) are increasingly implicated in outbreaks of foodborne illness, resulting in a significant public health burden. To inform the development of a new Codex Alimentarius code of hygienic practice for LMF, we applied a rapid knowledge synthesis and transfer approach to review global research on the burden of illness, prevalence, and interventions to control nine selected microbial hazards in eight categories of LMF. Knowledge synthesis methods included an integrated scoping review (search strategy, relevance screening and confirmation, and evidence mapping), systematic review (detailed data extraction), and meta-analysis of prevalence data. Knowledge transfer of the results was achieved through multiple reporting formats, including evidence summary cards. We identified 214 unique outbreaks and 204 prevalence and 126 intervention studies. Cereals and grains (n = 142) and Salmonella (n = 278) were the most commonly investigated LMF and microbial hazard categories, respectively. Salmonella was implicated in the most outbreaks (n = 96, 45%), several of which were large and widespread, resulting in the most hospitalizations (n = 895, 89%) and deaths (n = 14, 74%). Salmonella had a consistently low prevalence across all LMF categories (0 to 3%), but the prevalence of other hazards (e.g., Bacillus cereus) was highly variable. A variety of interventions were investigated in small challenge trials. Key knowledge gaps included underreporting of LMF outbreaks, limited reporting of microbial levels in prevalence studies, and a lack of intervention efficacy research under commercial conditions. Summary cards were a useful knowledge transfer format to inform complementary risk ranking activities. This review builds upon previous work in this area by synthesizing a broad range of evidence using a structured, transparent, and integrated approach to provide timely evidence informed inputs into international guidelines.
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Wu, Bingxiao, Guang Zheng, and Weimin Ju. "The Local Median Filtering Method for Correcting the Laser Return Intensity Information from Discrete Airborne Laser Scanning Data." Remote Sensing 12, no. 10 (2020): 1681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12101681.
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Laser return intensity (LRI) information obtained from airborne laser scanning (ALS) data has been used to classify land cover types and to reveal canopy physiological features. However, the sensor-related and environmental parameters may introduce noise. In this study, we developed a local median filtering (LMF) method to point-by-point correct the LRI information. For each point, we deduced the reference variation range for its LRI. Then, we replaced the outliers of LRI with their local median values. To evaluate the LMF method, we assessed the discrepancy of LRI information from the same and diverse land cover types. Moreover, we used the corrected LRI to distinguish points from grass, road, and bare land, which were classified as ground type in ALS data. The results show that using the LMF method could increase the similarity of pointwise LRI from the same land cover type and the discrepancy of those from different kinds of targets. Using the LMF-corrected LRI could improve the overall classification accuracy of three land cover types by about 3% (all over 81%, κ ≥ 0.73, p < 0.05), compared to those using the original and range-normalized LRI. The sensor-related metrics brought more noise to the original LRI information than the environmental factors. Using the LMF method could effectively correct LRI information from historical ALS datasets.
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Jian, Xiaoxia, and Hebao Wu. "Influence of the Longitudinal Magnetic Field on the Formation of the Bead in Narrow Gap Gas Tungsten Arc Welding." Metals 10, no. 10 (2020): 1351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10101351.
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The oscillation arc assisted by an extra alternating longitudinal magnetic field (LMF) in narrow gap tungsten arc welding is proved to be effective in avoiding welding defects due to insufficient fusion at the side walls in joining thick wall plates. The behavior of the welding arc and molten pool under the LMF is simulated to reveal the influence of the LMF on the formation of a uniform penetration weld bead. A unified mathematical model was developed for the narrow gap tungsten arc welding including the plasma arc, molten pool, electrode, and their interactions. Under the LMF, the whole welding arc is deflected and oscillates between the two side walls. When the magnetic-field strength is larger than 6 mT, the axis of the arc deflects to the side wall; the maximum value of heat flux at the bottom decreases by one-half, and the maximum value at the side wall is increased by a factor of ten. On the other hand, under the LMF, the forces acting on the molten pool are changed; the fluid flow pattern is helpful to increase the heat transferred to the side walls. The model is validated by experimental results. Both the percentage deviations of the simulation weld penetration at the side wall and at the bottom from the experimental results are lower than 10%.
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Corbi-Aguirre, Fernando, and Francisco Forriol. "Relação dos ligamentos cruzados e meniscofemorais com a osteologia do joelho: Um estudo anatômico." Revista Brasileira de Ortopedia 58, no. 01 (2023): 085–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1750073.
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Resumo Objetivo Analisar as dimensões do ligamento cruzado posterior (LCP), do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA), a presença de ligamentos meniscofemorais (LMFs) em joelhos humanos e a correlação com as dimensões do esqueleto do joelho. Métodos Estudo anatômico em 29 espécimes de joelhos humanos nos quais medimos o comprimento e a largura dos ligamentos cruzado e meniscofemoral e as dimensões dos côndilos femorais e tibiais e do entalhe femoral. O comprimento do LCA foi calculado com diferentes graus de flexão do joelho. Analisou-se a relação entre os ligamentos e as dimensões ósseas. Resultados O comprimento do LCA e do LCP foram semelhantes, LMF posterior foi mais frequente e mais longo do que o LMF anterior. Foram encontradas LMF posterior em 72,41% dos joelhos e LMF anterior em 20,69%. O LCA apresentou 30% de seu comprimento máximo até 60°, aproximadamente metade de seu comprimento entre 90° e 120°, atingindo seu comprimento máximo com flexão de 170°. Encontramos uma forte correlação entre o comprimento do LCA e do LCP (p = 0,001). No entanto, os comprimentos do LCA e do LCP não estavam relacionados com as dimensões ósseas. Conclusão Não encontramos correlações entre os ligamentos cruzado e meniscofemoral e as dimensões anatômicas do entalhe intercondilar e da tíbia proximal e do fêmur distal. A presença do LMF posterior foi mais frequente e maior que a do ligamento anterior.
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Romary, Laurent. "TEI and LMF crosswalks." Journal for Language Technology and Computational Linguistics 30, no. 1 (2015): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/jlcl.30.2015.195.
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Mol, J. H., W. Atsma, G. Flik, H. Bouwmeester, and J. W. Osse. "Effect of low ambient mineral concentrations on the accumulation of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus by early life stages of the air-breathing armoured catfish Megalechis personata (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae)." Journal of Experimental Biology 202, no. 15 (1999): 2121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.15.2121.
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The accumulation of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus was measured during an 8-week period in the early life stages of the air-breathing armoured catfish Megalechis personata acclimated to low-mineral fresh water (0.073 mmol l-1 calcium, 0.015 mmol l-1 magnesium, &lt;0.001 mmol l-1 phosphate) and high-mineral fresh water (0.59 mmol l-1 calcium, 1.94 mmol l-1 magnesium, &lt;0.001 mmol l-1 phosphate). The fish accumulated calcium twice as fast and phosphorus 1.5 times as fast in low-mineral fresh water (LMF) as in high-mineral fresh water (HMF), while the rate of accumulation of magnesium did not differ in LMF and HMF. The difference in the rates of accumulation of calcium and phosphorus between LMF and HMF was independent of the growth performance (food intake) in LMF and HMF. The mineral content of young M. personata from natural swamps and rainforest creeks in Suriname followed the LMF accumulation curves. The transition from aquatic respiration to bimodal respiration in the third week after hatching did not affect rates of mineral accumulation. The high rates of accumulation of calcium and magnesium of M. personata in LMF of 654 and 58 micromol h-1 kg-1, respectively, exceed the rates of uptake of calcium and magnesium of teleosts reported in the literature. The high rates of mineral accumulation in the early life stages of M. personata reflect the exponential growth during the first 8 weeks after hatching and the requirements of the juveniles while building their dermal armour. M. personata is well-adapted to neotropical fresh waters with an extremely low mineral content. The accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is discussed in relation to the function of the bony armour of M. personata.
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Liu, Fengbao, Jinsheng Sun, Xianbin Huang, and Yuan Geng. "Development of a Low-Molecular-Weight Filtrate Reducer with High-Temperature Resistance for Drilling Fluid Gel System." Gels 9, no. 10 (2023): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9100805.
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Currently, conventional polymeric filtrate reducers with high-temperature resistance for use in drilling fluids have high molecular weights, which greatly affects the rheological properties. Therefore, to address the challenges in regulating the rheology and filtration performance of high-density drilling fluids at high temperatures, it is essential to develop low-molecular-weight filtrate reducers with high-temperature resistance. In this study, a low-molecular-weight filtrate reducer with high-temperature resistance (LMF) was prepared via free radical polymerization from acrylamide and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid as monomers, tertiary dodecyl mercaptan as a chain transfer agent, and ammonium persulfate as the initiator. LMF was then characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and gel permeation chromatography. The obtained filtrate reducer exhibits a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 3819 and an initial thermal decomposition temperature of 300.7 °C, indicating good thermal stability. The effects of LMF dosage, temperature, and NaCl dosage on the rheology and filtration performance of mud samples were also investigated, and the mechanism of action was revealed by zeta potential, particle size distribution, scanning electron microscopy, and adsorption measurements. The results reveal that LMF increases the mud sample viscosity and reduces its filtration. For example, the filtration of the mud sample with 2 wt% LMF was 7.2 mL, a reduction of 70% compared to that of a blank mud sample. Further, after aging at 210 °C for 16 h, the filtration of the same sample was 11.6 mL, and that of a mud sample with 2 wt% LMF and 35 wt% NaCl after aging at 180 °C for 16 h was 22 mL. Overall, we have reported a scheme to prepare a low-molecular-weight filtrate reducer with high-temperature resistance and superior filtrate-reducing effects, laying the foundation for the investigation and development of low-molecular-weight filtrate reducers.
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Ibi, Afoke, Chuck Chang, Yun Chai Kuo, et al. "Evaluation of the Metabolite Profile of Fish Oil Omega-3 Fatty Acids (n-3 FAs) in Micellar and Enteric-Coated Forms—A Randomized, Cross-Over Human Study." Metabolites 14, no. 5 (2024): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo14050265.
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This study evaluated the differences in the metabolite profile of three n-3 FA fish oil formulations in 12 healthy participants: (1) standard softgels (STD) providing 600 mg n-3 FA; (2) enteric-coated softgels (ENT) providing 600 mg n-3 FA; (3) a new micellar formulation (LMF) providing 374 mg n-3 FA. The pharmacokinetics (PKs), such as the area under the plot of plasma concentration (AUC), and the peak blood concentration (Cmax) of the different FA metabolites including HDHAs, HETEs, HEPEs, RvD1, RvD5, RvE1, and RvE2, were determined over a total period of 24 h. Blood concentrations of EPA (26,920.0 ± 10,021.0 ng/mL·h) were significantly higher with respect to AUC0-24 following LMF treatment vs STD and ENT; when measured incrementally, blood concentrations of total n-3 FAs (EPA/DHA/DPA3) up to 11 times higher were observed for LMF vs STD (iAUC 0-24: 16,150.0 ± 5454.0 vs 1498.9 ± 443.0; p ≤ 0.0001). Significant differences in n-3 metabolites including oxylipins were found between STD and LMF with respect to 12-HEPE, 9-HEPE, 12-HETE, and RvD1; 9-HEPE levels were significantly higher following the STD vs. ENT treatment. Furthermore, within the scope of this study, changes in blood lipid levels (i.e., cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL) were monitored in participants for up to 120 h post-treatment; a significant decrease in serum triglycerides was detected in participants (~20%) following the LMF treatment; no significant deviations from the baseline were detected for all the other lipid biomarkers in any of the treatment groups. Despite a lower administered dose, LMF provided higher blood concentrations of n-3 FAs and certain anti-inflammatory n-3 metabolites in human participants—potentially leading to better health outcomes.
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Rêgo, Elvyna Melo, Marilene Marfin Martin, Almir ieira Dibai Filho, Francis Meire Fávero, Acary Souza Bulle Oliveira, and Sissy Veloso Fontes. "Efeitos da Liberação Miofascial Sobre a Flexibilidade de um Paciente com Distrofia Miotônica de Steinert." Revista Neurociências 20, no. 3 (2001): 404–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.34024/rnc.2012.v20.8264.
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Introdução. A distrofia miotônica de Steinert (DMS) é a forma mais frequente das distrofias musculares, de início na idade adulta, merecendo uma atenção fisioterapêutica especializada. Objetivo. Analisar os efeitos da liberação miofascial (LMF) sobre a flexibilidade de um paciente com DMS. Método. Relato de caso de um paciente com DMS, sexo masculino, 37 anos, submetido a 6 sessões fisioterapêuticas baseadas na técnica de LMF, que consiste em uma abordagem manual da qual decorre uma pressão interativa entre a mão do terapeuta e as respostas do tecido fascial. Foram realizadas duas avaliações da flexibilidade, uma antes e outra após as sessões de tratamento. Além disso, o voluntário foi questionado sobre possíveis melhoras em suas atividades diárias após a intervenção com LMF. Resultados. Verificou-se alterações na amplitude de movimento para mais e para menos graus nas articulações avaliadas, em decorrência de uma reorganização estrutural do corpo. Segundo opinião do paciente, houve uma melhora da sua condição durante a realização de suas atividades de vida diária. Conclusão. A LMF influenciou a função da fáscia e músculo, alterando a flexibilidade articular.
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Nugroho, Alih Aji. "Labor Market Flexibility: Advantages for Workforce or Threat?" Policy & Governance Review 2, no. 2 (2018): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.30589/pgr.v2i2.87.
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Labor Market Flexibility (LMF) which is supported by the law of supply and demand are considered capable of creating an efficient labor market. As well as apprenticeship programs were considered to improve the quality of the labor force which can suppress the number of unemployed. Whether the application of LMF can be a positive impact like as imagined by its proponents? This is the result of research that seeks to see the dynamics of industrial relations faced by the workforce under the LMF system and dismantle the neoliberal project of the apprenticeship system. The study was conducted during September-November 2016 in the industrial area of Bekasi. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach. Collecting data through participatory research or live in. Searchable data sources using methods of a snowball effect. In the end, this study involved seven trade unions, six companies, two foundations labor brokers, three government agencies, 35 workers (10 contract workers, 10 workers outsourcing, and 15 workers apprenticeship) and three labor activists. The result is the implementation of contract system and outsourcing many violate the rules. In the industrial area of Bekasi composition flexible workforce of more than 50% of the total workforce. And under the LMF system occurs bureaucratization in industrial relations. In addition, LMF policy does not reduce unemployment but only rotate unemployment. and the apprenticeship system is expected to increase human resources in the labor force application only used by the owners of capital to get cheap labor.
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Wang, Jianghui. "The Influence and Mechanism Analysis of the Longitudinal Magnetic Field on the Microstructure Evolution and Properties of AZ40 Welds." Crystals 14, no. 5 (2024): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst14050449.
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This paper studied the effect of the longitudinal magnetic field (LMF) on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of AZ40 argon tungsten arc welding joints. Magnetic field-assisted argon tungsten arc welding technology was used to achieve butt welding of an AZ40 Mg alloy sheet with a thickness of 1.5 mm. The microstructure of the Mg alloy weld was studied by using metallographic microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Mechanical performance of the Mg alloy weld was evaluated by using a hardness tester and universal tensile machine. The experimental results revealed that the average crystallite dimension of the weld zone of the Mg alloy joint reached 43 μm without an LMF. By introducing LMF-assisted technology, the weld structure was significantly refined and the average crystallite dimension of the weld seam was reduced by 39.5% to 26 μm with a coil current of 1.2 A. For the joint without magnetic field assistance, the optimum tensile strength of the AZ40 weldment was 225 MPa under a welding current of 80 A, and fracture occurred in the center of joint welding seam. Under an LMF coil current of 1.2 A, the joint strength increased from the initial 225 MPa to 254 MPa, and fracture occurred at the weld edge with obvious plastic fracture characteristics. It can be confirmed that the LMF-assisted welding process effectively improved the microstructure characteristics of the weld seam and strengthened the microhardness and mechanical performance of the AZ40 joint.
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Kuczak, Michał, and Ewa Kurczyńska. "Cell Wall Composition as a Marker of the Reprogramming of the Cell Fate on the Example of a Daucus carota (L.) Hypocotyl in Which Somatic Embryogenesis Was Induced." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21 (2020): 8126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218126.
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Changes in the composition of the cell walls are postulated to accompany changes in the cell’s fate. We check whether there is a relationship between the presence of selected pectic, arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), and extensins epitopes and changes in cell reprogramming in order to answer the question of whether they can be markers accompanying changes of cell fate. Selected antibodies were used for spatio-temporal immunolocalization of wall components during the induction of somatic embryogenesis. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that (1) the LM6 (pectic), LM2 (AGPs) epitopes are positive markers, but the LM5, LM19 (pectic), JIM8, JIM13 (AGPs) epitopes are negative markers of cells reprogramming to the meristematic/pluripotent state; (2) the LM8 (pectic), JIM8, JIM13, LM2 (AGPs) and JIM11 (extensin) epitopes are positive markers, but LM6 (pectic) epitope is negative marker of cells undergoing detachment; (3) JIM4 (AGPs) is a positive marker, but LM5 (pectic), JIM8, JIM13, LM2 (AGPs) are negative markers for pericycle cells on the xylem pole; (4) LM19, LM20 (pectic), JIM13, LM2 (AGPs) are constitutive wall components, but LM6, LM8 (pectic), JIM4, JIM8, JIM16 (AGPs), JIM11, JIM12 and JIM20 (extensins) are not constitutive wall components; (5) the extensins do not contribute to the cell reprogramming.
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Liu, Zheng Jun, Duo Liu, and Xiao Juan Wu. "Comparison of Microstructure and Properties of Co-Based Overlay Deposit under Longitudinal Magnetic Field and Transverse Magnetic Field." Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (July 2012): 1747–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.1747.
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The StelliteNo6 alloy was surfaced on low carbon steel by plasma arc surfacing with LMF or TMF. The magnetic field current could been changed during surfacing. After plasma arc surfacing with magnetic field, the OM, XRD, wear loss test, micro-hardness test were used to analyze the effect of magnetic field style on microstructure and properties of overlay deposit. The acting mechanisms of magnetic field style and parameters on properties and microstructure of overlay deposit were researched. The results indicate that LMF and TMF all can improve the properties of overlay deposit. The active effect of TMF is better than LMF because of TMF can make the matrix metal γ-Co finer, second phase (CoCx、Cr7C3、Cr23C and FeNi) dispersion.
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Wang, Hongling, Xuejing Si, Tunhua Wu, and Ping Wang. "Silver nanoparticles enhanced fluorescence for sensitive determination of fluoroquinolones in water solutions." Open Chemistry 17, no. 1 (2019): 884–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2019-0094.
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AbstractA new type of silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) was prepared with simple and fast methods and low-toxic compounds. With the addition of different concentrations of AgNPs, the effects of AgNPs on the fluorescence properties of three different kinds of fluoroquinolones (enrofloxacin ENR, lomefloxacin LMF and norfloxacin NOR) in water solutions were studied, respectively. The experimental results demonstrated that the fluorescence intensity for each of the fluoroquinolones (FQ)was firstly enhanced and then quenched with the increased concentration of AgNPs in water solutions. The possible mechanisms about the AgNPs on the fluorescence behaviors of each FQ were also investigated, respectively. In addition, new silver enhanced nanoparticles materials fluorescence methods were established for the separate determination of ENR, LMF and NOR in water solutions. As compared with the identical control fluorimetric methods with no addition of AgNPs, the new enhanced fluorimetic methods were also investigated, respectively. The experimental results indicated that the new enhanced methods could detect lower concentrations of ENR, LMF and NOR in water solutions. Moreover, the newly enhanced fluorimetric methods were validated and successfully applied for the quantitative assay of ENR, LMF and NOR in different kinds of medicinal preparations, respectively.
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Wang, Fang, Rui-Biao Zou, Gui-Ping Liao, Jin-Wei Li, and Zi-Qiang Liu. "Local multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis for tea breeds identification." International Journal of Biomathematics 07, no. 05 (2014): 1450048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179352451450048x.
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In recent years, the popular multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA) is extended to two-dimensional (2D) version, which has been applied in some field of image processing. In this paper, based on the 2D MF-DFA, a novel multifractal estimation method for images, which we called the local multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (LMF-DFA), is proposed to recognize and distinguish 20 types of tea breeds. A set of new multifractal descriptors, namely the local multifractal fluctuation exponents is defined to portray the local scaling properties of a surface. After collecting 10 tea leaves for each breed and photographing them to standard images, the LMF-DFA method is used to extract characteristic parameters for the images. Our analysis finds that there are significant differences among the different tea breeds' characteristic parameters by analysis of variance. Both the proposed LMF-DFA exponents and another classic parameter, namely the exponent based on capacity measure method have been used as features to distinguish the 20 tea breeds. The comparison results illustrate that the LMF-DFA estimation can differentiate the tea breeds more effectively and provide more satisfactory accuracy.
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Korolev, Yuri N., Lyudmila A. Nikulina, and Lyubov V. Mikhailik. "Prevention of Postradiational Disorders in the Testes of Rats with the use of Magnetic Field." Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine 20, no. 2 (2021): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.38025/2078-1962-2021-20-2-104-108.
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The action effects of the low-intensity low-frequency magnetic field (LMF) are mainly studied in its therapeutic use and to a much lesser extent in the mode of primary prevention. Aim. To identify adaptive metabolic and ultrastructural changes in the testes of rats under the preventive action of LMF under radiation conditions. Material and methods. The experiments were carried out on 28 mature non-linear male rats weighing 180-200 g. the animals were divided into 3 groups: in the experimental group, the animals received a course of LMF procedures followed by radiation exposure; in the control group, the animals were subjected only to radiation exposure; in the intact group, the animals were not exposed to any effects. The animals were slaughtered the day after the radiation exposure. the research methods were used: biochemical (to determine the content of RNA, DNA, antioxidant activity of the testes), light – optical (to count the number of convoluted seminiferous tubule – CST, exfoliated cells, spermatogonia, to determine the index of spermatogenesis); transmission electron microscopy; morphometric analysis of mitochondria (number, average and total area). Results. The preventive effect of LMF enhanced the adaptive capabilities of the body and increased the resistance of the testes to the effects of radiation. This was manifested in an increase in the power of the antioxidant system, activation oof the cellular and intracellular regeneration processes, and a decrease in the permeability of the structures of the CST’s own shell. Conclusion. The obtained data substantiate the possibility of using LMF as a means of protecting the organs of the reproductive system in the complex prevention of the body under the influence of radiation.
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Wang, Jaw-Yuan, and Hsiang-Lin Tsai. "A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel study to investigate the auxiliary effects of fucoidan in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who receive neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy before surgery." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, no. 4_suppl (2023): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.4_suppl.12.
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12 Background: Preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Low molecular weight fucoidan (LMF) is widely used as food supplements in cancer patients. This study is aimed to evaluate the efficacy of LMF as supplemental therapy to CCRT in LARC patients. Methods: We conducted a double-blind, prospective, randomized, placeo-controlled study to investigate the auxiliary effects of fucoidan in 107 patients with LARC who receive neoadjuvant CCRT before surgery. Finally, 87 patients were enrolled, of whom 44 were included in the study (fucodin) group and 43 in the control (placebo) group. The primary endpoint was the EORTC QLQ-C30 and FACT-C quality of life (QoL), and secondary endpoints included the overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR) and adverse events (AEs). Results: The physical well-being (PWB) was much improved after 2-month administration in the study (fucodin) group when compared with placebo group ( P= 0.007), whereas colorectal cancer subscale (CCS) was also better after 3-month administration when compared with placebo group ( P= 0.034). ORR and DCR were not significantly different between 2 groups (both P > 0.05). Moreover, skin rash ( P= 0.038) and fatigue ( P= 0.008) was less common in the fucodin group. Conclusions: This is the first clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of LMF as a supplemental therapy in the management of patients with LARC who undergoing CCRT. The results indicate that LMF would significantly improve QoL and decrease AEs of skin rash/fatigue; however, a long-term follow up is mandatory for the confirmation of oncological outcomes by LMF. Clinical trial information: NCT04342949 .
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Kirindage, Kirinde Gedara Isuru Sandanuwan, Arachchige Maheshika Kumari Jayasinghe, Namki Cho, et al. "Fine-Dust-Induced Skin Inflammation: Low-Molecular-Weight Fucoidan Protects Keratinocytes and Underlying Fibroblasts in an Integrated Culture Model." Marine Drugs 21, no. 1 (2022): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md21010012.
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Prolonged exposure to fine dust (FD) increases the risk of skin inflammation. Stimulated epidermal cells release growth factors into their extracellular environment, which can induce inflammation in dermal cells. Algae are considered rich sources of bioactive materials. The present study emphasized the effect of low-molecular-weight fucoidan isolated from Sargassum confusum (LMF) against FD-induced inflammation in HaCaT keratinocytes and underneath fibroblasts (HDFs) in an integrated culture model. HDFs were treated with media from FD-stimulated HaCaT with LMF treatments (preconditioned media). The results suggested that FD increased the oxidative stress in HaCaT, thereby increasing the sub-G1 phase of the cell cycle up to 587%, as revealed via flow cytometric analysis. With preconditioned media, HDFs also displayed oxidative stress; however, the increase in the sub-G1 phase was insignificant compared with HaCaT. LMF dose-dependently regulated the NF-κB/MAPK signaling in HaCaT. Furthermore, significant downregulation in NF-κB/MAPK signaling, as well as inflammatory cytokines, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, matrix metalloproteinases, and reduction in relative elastase and collagenase activities related to the extracellular matrix degeneration were observed in HDFs with a preconditioned media treatment. Therefore, we concluded that HDFs were protected from inflammation by preconditioned media. Continued research on tissue culture and in vivo studies may reveal the therapeutic potential of LMF.
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Smerdov, Rostislav, Yulia Spivak, Ivan Bizyaev, et al. "Advances in Novel Low-Macroscopic Field Emission Electrode Design Based on Fullerene-Doped Porous Silicon." Electronics 10, no. 1 (2020): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10010042.
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Perspective low-macroscopic field (LMF) emission prototype cathodes based on fullerene C60—doped porous silicon were realized via a two-stage technique comprising the electrochemical etching process of a monocrystalline silicon wafer and functionalization of the acquired porous silicon (PS) matrix with silver-doped fullerene-based carbon structures. The resulting LMF cathode prototypes were studied with SEM and EDS techniques. The formation of an amorphous silver-doped C60-based layer consisting of nanosized aggregates on the matrix surface was established. The emission characteristics of the prototypes were analyzed, crucial parameters including threshold field strength values, emission current density, and effective potential barrier height for electrons were considered. A novel LMF emission model is suggested. It was established that the emitter prototypes realized during this study are on par with or superior to modern and promising field cathodes.
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Razmyshlyaev, Alexander D., and Marina V. Ahieieva. "Features of Arc Surfacing Process in a Longitudinal Magnetic Field." Applied Mechanics and Materials 682 (October 2014): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.682.313.
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The electrode wire melting coefficient (αm) is determined for the submerged arc surfacing and welding in a longitudinal magnetic field (LMF) under reverse and direct polarities with ferromagnetic and paramagnetic (non-magnetic) wires. The maximum gain in the wire melting coefficient is achieved in the magnetostatic field assisted surfacing and welding. The effect reduces with the LMF frequency increasing to 4-6 Hz and virtually does not change with the further increase to 50 Hz. The electrode wire melting coefficient is shown to increase depending on magnetic properties.It has been established that the penetration depth of the parent metal reduces at the 50 Hz LMF surfacing when the longitudinal induction exceeds 65 mT.The constant and alternating LMFs reduce the speed of in-bath liquid metal flows, which results in the reduced parent metal penetration efficiency at surfacing.
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Zhu, Wen Chao, and De Zhang Xu. "Research for Rectangular Beam of Dual-E Elastic Body of Six-Axis Force Sensor Based on Limit Memory Extended Kalman Filter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 385-386 (August 2013): 382–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.385-386.382.
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The series approximation in the EKF algorithm can lead to low estimated accuracy and poor robustness. To this end, the paper proposes Limit Memory Extended Kalman Filter (LEKF) algorithm which is based on the nonlinear Limited Memory Filter (LMF).Next the paper develops the model of nonlinear state-measurement for rectangular beam of dual-E elastic body of six-axis force sensor by the relationship between strain and deflection. Moreover, The EKF algorithm which is combined with the LMF algorithm can only use the first N-1 measurements that are nearest the current time to compute the optimal estimation. Finally, the effect of old measurements can be reduced substantially. Comparing with the LMF and the EKF in terms of filtering effect by simulation experiments, it is shown that the LEKF algorithm provides higher estimated accuracy and better rubustness to eliminate the noise signal.
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ДЬЯЧКОВА, С. Г., and Ж. Н. АРТЕМЬЕВА. "New Components of Low-Viscosity Marine Fuel Based on Low-Value and By-products of Oil Refining." Химия в интересах устойчивого развития 32, no. 3 (2024): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15372/khur2024559.
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Проведено комплексное исследование углеводородного состава и физико-химических свойств побочных продуктов нефтепереработки и нефтехимии с целью поиска новых низкомаржинальных компонентов топлива маловязкого судового (ТМС) и оптимизации состава композиций топлива для расширения сырьевой базы ТМС. Установлена возможность вовлечения в ТМС утяжеленных фракций первичной и вторичной переработки нефти: 10–12 % утяжеленной дизельной фракции, 47–60 % прямогонной среднедистиллятной фракции, 2–10 % тяжелой дизельной фракции, 35 % вакуумного дистиллята, 10 % кубового остатка блоков гидрирования, 4–10 % легкого газойля каталитического крекинга. Найден способ получения нового компонента ТМС – фракции с пределами выкипания 180–270 °С, полученной из отходов нефтепереработки после их обезвоживания и фракционирования с выходом до 30 %, вовлечение которой в ТМС в количестве 5 % даст экономический эффект около 7 млн руб. в год. Методом математического моделирования проведена оптимизация состава топлива из основных и побочных продуктов с учетом объемов производства и фактических значений критичных показателей каждого компонента. A comprehensive study of the hydrocarbon composition and physicochemical properties of by-products of oil refining and petrochemistry was carried out to search for new low-margin components of low-viscosity marine fuel (LMF) and to optimize the fuel composition for expanding the raw material base of LMF. The possibility of involving the heavy fractions from primary and secondary oil refining in LMF has been established: 10-12 % higher-weight diesel fraction, 47-60 % straight-run medium distillate fraction, 2-10 % heavy diesel fraction, 35% vacuum distillate, 10 % still residue from hydrogenation units, 4-10 % light catalytic cracking gas oil. A method has been found for obtaining a new component of LMF – a fraction boiling within 180-270 °C, obtained from oil refining wastes after their dehydration and fractionation in the yield of up to 30 %, the involvement of which in LMF (5 %) will give an economic effect of about 7 million roubles per year. Mathematical modelling was used to optimize the composition of fuel from the main and by-products, taking into account the production volumes and the actual values of critical indicators of each component. A method has been found for obtaining a new component of LMF – a fraction boiling within 180-270 °C, obtained from oil refining wastes after their dehydration and fractionation in the yield of up to 30 %, the involvement of which in LMF (5 %) will give an economic effect of about 7 million roubles per year. Mathematical modelling was used to optimize the composition of fuel from the main and by-products, taking into account the production volumes and the actual values of critical indicators of each component.
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Vezzani, Federica, Giorgio Maria Di Nunzio, Ana Salgado, and Rute Costa. "When LMF and TMF meet." Terminology. International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Issues in Specialized Communication 31, no. 1 (2025): 72–109. https://doi.org/10.1075/term.00084.vez.
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Abstract The interoperability of language resources is crucial for effective communication and data exchange across various computational systems. In this context, the ISO/TC 37 standards, specifically the Lexical Markup Framework (LMF) and the Terminological Markup Framework (TMF), play a vital role by providing a common framework for the modelling, representation, and exchange of lexical and terminological data. The LMF has been deliberately aligned with TMF to facilitate close coordination between the two standards. This paper explores the convergence between LMF and TMF, underscoring the need for a Unified Markup Framework (UMF) that enhances interoperability and effective resource management. We propose a unified meta-model that integrates these frameworks through comparative analysis and real-world examples, facilitating the development of advanced language processing applications and multilingual lexicographic and terminology management. This study not only underscores the opportunities and challenges of such coordination but also sets the groundwork for future research directions in the harmonisation of lexicographic and terminology resources.
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Malek, Lhioui, Kais Haddar, and Laurent Romary. "Projecting LMF Lexica Towards OWL-DL through LMF-JAPE Patterns to Obtain Interoperable Formats." Research in Computing Science 90, no. 1 (2015): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.13053/rcs-90-1-2.
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