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1
Shashni, Babita, and Yukio Nagasaki. "Newly Developed Self-Assembling Antioxidants as Potential Therapeutics for the Cancers." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11020092.
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Elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated as significant for cancer survival by functioning as oncogene activators and secondary messengers. Hence, the attenuation of ROS-signaling pathways in cancer by antioxidants seems a suitable therapeutic regime for targeting cancers. Low molecular weight (LMW) antioxidants such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpyperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO), although they are catalytically effective in vitro, exerts off-target effects in vivo due to their size, thus, limiting their clinical use. Here, we discuss the superior impacts of our TEMPO radical-conjugated self-assembling antioxidant nanoparticle (RNP) compared to the LMW counterpart in terms of pharmacokinetics, therapeutic effect, and adverse effects in various cancer models.
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Hartmann, Fabian Stefan Franz, Lina Clermont, Quach Ngoc Tung, Haike Antelmann, and Gerd Michael Seibold. "The Industrial Organism Corynebacterium glutamicum Requires Mycothiol as Antioxidant to Resist Against Oxidative Stress in Bioreactor Cultivations." Antioxidants 9, no. 10 (October 9, 2020): 969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9100969.
Full textAbstract:
In aerobic environments, bacteria are exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS). To avoid an excess of ROS, microorganisms are equipped with powerful enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Corynebacterium glutamicum, a widely used industrial platform organism, uses mycothiol (MSH) as major low molecular weight (LMW) thiol and non-enzymatic antioxidant. In aerobic bioreactor cultivations, C. glutamicum becomes exposed to oxygen concentrations surpassing the air saturation, which are supposed to constitute a challenge for the intracellular MSH redox balance. In this study, the role of MSH was investigated at different oxygen levels (pO2) in bioreactor cultivations in C. glutamicum. Despite the presence of other highly efficient antioxidant systems, such as catalase, the MSH deficient ΔmshC mutant was impaired in growth in bioreactor experiments performed at pO2 values of 30%. At a pO2 level of 20%, this growth defect was abolished, indicating a high susceptibility of the MSH-deficient mutant towards elevated oxygen concentrations. Bioreactor experiments with C. glutamicum expressing the Mrx1-roGFP2 redox biosensor revealed a strong oxidative shift in the MSH redox potential (EMSH) at pO2 values above 20%. This indicates that the LMW thiol MSH is an essential antioxidant to maintain the robustness and industrial performance of C. glutamicum during aerobic fermentation processes.
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Fernandes-Negreiros, Marília Medeiros, Lucas Alighieri Neves Costa Batista, Rony Lucas Silva Viana, Diego Araujo Sabry, Almino Afonso Oliveira Paiva, Weslley Souza Paiva, Raynara Iusk Araujo Machado, et al. "Gallic Acid-Laminarin Conjugate Is a Better Antioxidant than Sulfated or Carboxylated Laminarin." Antioxidants 9, no. 12 (November 27, 2020): 1192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9121192.
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A 12.4 kDa laminarin (LM) composed of β(1→3)-glucan with β(1→6)-branches was extracted from brown seaweed Lobophora variegata and modified via carboxylation using dielectric barrier discharge (LMC), conjugation with gallic acid (LMG), and sulfation (LMS). Analyses of the chemical composition of LMC, LMG, and LMS yielded 11.7% carboxyl groups, 1.5% gallic acid, and 1.4% sulfate content, respectively. Antioxidant activities of native and modified laminarins were assessed using six different in vitro methods. Sulfation stopped the antioxidant activities of LM. On the other hand, carboxylation improved cooper chelation (1.2 times). LMG was found to be a more efficient antioxidant agent than LM in terms of copper chelation (1.3 times), reducing power (1.3 times), and total antioxidant capacity (80 times). Gallic acid conjugation was further confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy analyses. LMG also did not induce cell death or affect the cell cycle of Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. On the contrary, LMG protected MDCK cells from H2O2-induced oxidative damage. Taken together, these results show that LMG has the potent antioxidant capacity, and, therefore, potential applications in pharmacological and functional food products.
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Kim, Young-In, Won-Seok Oh, Phil Song, Sungho Yun, Young-Sam Kwon, Young Lee, Sae-Kwang Ku, Chang-Hyun Song, and Tae-Ho Oh. "Anti-Photoaging Effects of Low Molecular-Weight Fucoidan on Ultraviolet B-Irradiated Mice." Marine Drugs 16, no. 8 (August 18, 2018): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16080286.
Full textAbstract:
Ultraviolet (UV) B exposure induces DNA damage and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which causes skin photoaging through signaling pathways of inflammation and modulation of extracellular matrix remodeling proteins, collagens, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP). As low molecular-weight fucoidan (LMF) has potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, we examined the protective effects of LMF against UVB-induced photoaging. A UVB-irradiated mouse model was topically treated with myricetin or LMF at 2.0, 1.0 and 0.2 mg/cm2 (LMF2.0, LMF1.0 and LMF0.2, respectively) once a day for 15 weeks. Wrinkle formation, inflammation, oxidative stress, MMP expression, and apoptosis in the treated regions were compared with those in a distilled water-treated photoaging model (UVB control). LMF treatments, particularly LMF2.0 and LMF1.0, significantly inhibited the wrinkle formation, skin edema, and neutrophil recruitment into the photo-damaged lesions, compared with those in the UVB control. While LMF decreased interleukin (IL)-1β release, it increased IL-10. The LMF treatment inhibited the oxidative stresses (malondialdehyde and superoxide anion) and enhanced endogenous antioxidants (glutathione). Additionally, LMF reduced the mRNA expression of MMP-1, 9, and 13. The histopathological analyses revealed the anti-photoaging effects of LMF exerted via its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and MMP-9-inhibiting effects. These suggest that LMF can be used as a skin-protective remedy for photoaging.
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Çekiç, Sema Demirci, Aslı Demir, Kevser Sözgen Başkan, Esma Tütem, and Reşat Apak. "Determination of total antioxidant capacity of milk by CUPRAC and ABTS methods with separate characterisation of milk protein fractions." Journal of Dairy Research 82, no. 2 (March 3, 2015): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029915000114.
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Most milk-applied antioxidant assays in literature are based on the isolation and quantification of individual antioxidative compounds, whereas total antioxidant capacity (TAC) gives a more holistic picture due to cooperative action of antioxidants. Recently, the cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) method has been modified to measure the antioxidant capacities of thiol-containing proteins, where the classical ammonium acetate buffer – that may otherwise precipitate proteins– was replaced with concentrated urea buffer (able to expose embedded thiol groups of proteins to oxidative attack) adjusted to pH 7.0. Thus, antioxidant capacity of milk was investigated with two competing TAC assays, namely CUPRAC and ABTS (2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid))/persulphate, because only these assays were capable of evaluating protein contribution to the observed TAC value. As milk fat caused turbidity, experiments were carried out with skim milk or defatted milk samples. To determine TAC, modified CUPRAC method was applied to whole milk, separated and redissolved protein fractions, and the remaining liquid phase after necessary operations. Both TAC methods were investigated for their dilution sensitivity and antioxidant power assessment of separate milk fractions such as casein and whey. Proteins like β-lactoglobulin and casein (but not simple thiols) exhibited enhanced CUPRAC reactivity with surfactant (SDS) addition. Addition of milk protein fractions to whole skim milk produced significant ‘negative-biased’ deviations (up to −26% relative standard error) from TAC absorbance additivity in the application of the ABTS method, as opposed to that of the CUPRAC method less affected by chemical deviations from Beer's law thereby producing much smaller deviations from additivity (i.e. the property of additivity is valid when the measured TAC of a mixture is equal to the sum of individual antioxidant capacities of its constituents).
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Shaffique, Shifa, Sang-Mo Kang, Ah-Yeong Kim, Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Aaqil Khan, and In-Jung Lee. "Current Knowledge of Medicinal Mushrooms Related to Anti-Oxidant Properties." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 16, 2021): 7948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147948.
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Background: A renewed focus on medicinal mushrooms has brought forth a sustainable health dimension. Conventional health strategies are insufficiently integrated with sustainable health promotion. The health-promoting outcome of mushrooms has fascinated many groups during the past few years because of various primary and secondary metabolites in different cellular components. They contain many bioactive metabolites, including proteins (cytokines, ergothioneine), fibers, moisture, carbohydrates (uronic acid), folate, thiamine, ascorbic acid, vitamin D, calcium, potassium, polysaccharides (G. lucidum polysaccharides, alpha and beta glucans, and lentinan) polyketides, polyphenols (Protocatechuic acid, inonoblins A–vanillic acid, phelligridins D, E, and G, hydroxybenzoic acid, gallic acid, tannic acid, hispidine, gentisic acid, and tocopherol), nucleotides (adenosine, cordycepin), lovastatin, steroids, alkaloids, and sesquiterpenes. Objective: This study was conducted to gather information on the current knowledge of medicinal mushrooms, with respect to their antioxidant properties. Conclusions: The results indicated that mushrooms are a promising source of natural antioxidants. Of all mushrooms, the Ganoderma tsugae Murill exhibited an excellent antioxidant potential of 93.7–100% at 20 mg/mL.
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Lungu, Nobuhle S., Anthony J. Afolayan, Ronald S. Thomas, and Emrobowansan M. Idamokoro. "Quality and Oxidative Changes of Minced Cooked Pork Incorporated with Moringa oleifera Leaf and Root Powder." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 10, 2021): 10126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810126.
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Consumers are currently demanding meat products produced using natural additives due to their potential health benefits. Consequently, there has been a progressive interest in the search for more natural antioxidant sources. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of varying levels of M. oleifera root and leaf powder on the oxidative stability and quality of cooked minced pork during eight days of refrigerated storage at 4 °C. The leaves contained significantly higher (p ˂ 0.05) concentrations of total phenols (50.08 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g), while the roots contained the highest amounts of flavonoids (375.15 ± 0.19 mg QE/g) and proanthocyanidins (132.62 ± 0.4 mg CE/g). Both plant parts demonstrated good 2,2-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2 íazino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) free radical scavenging activity. Minced cooked pork incorporated with M. oleifera leaf and root powder had significantly lower pH and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) values compared to the control (p < 0.05). The ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) was also significantly higher in the samples that incorporated antioxidants compared to the control (p < 0.05). Findings from this study suggest that M. oleifera leaves and roots are potent antioxidant sources which can be incorporated in meat to improve quality attributes during storage.
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Sharifinasab, Zeinab, Mahdi Banaee, Mohammad Mohiseni, and Ahmad Noori. "The Protective Role of Vitamin C and Chitosan Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress in Muscles of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)." Croatian Journal of Fisheries 74, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cjf-2016-0023.
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Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of antioxidants, including vitamin C, chitosan or a combination of both, on oxidative stress markers in muscles, as edible tissues of fish, exposed to paraquat. Fish exposed to 0.02 mg/L paraquat for 21 days were fed different diets: a normal diet, a diet containing chitosan (1000 mg/kg diet), a diet with vitamin C (1000 mg/kg diet) or both vitamin C and chitosan. Oxidative stress markers, including the activity of catalase, total antioxidant and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as biochemical parameters including the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), were measured in muscles. Fish exposure to paraquat increased LDH, CPK, catalase and MDA activity significantly, while it significantly decreased AST, ALT and AChE activity and total antioxidant capacity in muscles. Administration of vitamin C, combined with chitosan, to fish exposed to paraquat was effective in regulating AChE, AST, ALT, LDH, CPK and catalase activity. A significant increase in the total antioxidant status and a significant decrease in MDA levels were observed in fish fed chitosan-vitamin C complex. In conclusion, it is suggested that combined supplementation with vitamin C and chitosan may improve the detoxification system in the muscles of fish and protect common carp from paraquat toxicity.
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Dinica, Rodica Mihaela, Cristina Sandu, Andreea Veronica Dediu Botezatu, Anna Cazanevscaia Busuioc, Fanica Balanescu, Maria Daniela Ionica Mihaila, Caterina Nela Dumitru, Bianca Furdui, and Alina Viorica Iancu. "Allantoin from Valuable Romanian Animal and Plant Sources with Promising Anti-Inflammatory Activity as a Nutricosmetic Ingredient." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 11, 2021): 10170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810170.
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Helix aspersa (HA), Helix pomatia (HP) and Symphytum officinale are common organisms in Romania’s biosphere, widely known for their allantoin content and their therapeutic properties. Herein, the allantoin was separated and quantified from the aqueous extracts of Romanian comfrey root and the secretions of HA and HP snails. This study also focused on determining the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of these Romanian allantoin-rich samples. The plant extracts were obtained through two methods: ultrasonic extraction and enzymatic ultrasonic extraction. A microplate method was used for the quantitative determination of allantoin content. The antioxidant activity was measured by using the DPPH radical scavenging method. The antioxidant capacity of the samples was studied in order to observe the type of interactions generated by the chemical complex present in their composition. High concentrations of allantoin were obtained by enzymatic ultrasonic extraction method (EUE—102 ± 0.74 μg/mL), and also in the water-soluble fraction of the snail secretion (FS1—22.051 μg/mL). The antioxidant screening suggests that Symphytum officinale and snail mucus extracts could be used as promising natural substitutes for synthetic antioxidants in products used for therapeutic purposes. The evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity was also investigated, allantoin-rich samples showing a promising action (FS1—81.87 ± 2.34%). In future, the inclusion of allantoin-rich extracts in various novel pharmaceutical forms for new therapeutic applications could be achieved. The study will continue with the formulation of a nutricosmetic product with snail mucus and Symphytum officinale extract as principal bioactive ingredients.
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MORALES S., Marcela, Karol ZAPATA A., Andrés Felipe ALZATE A., Alberto Antonio ANGULO, and Benjamín Alberto ROJANO. "Oxidative stability of a Colombian Criollo mango (Mangifera indica) drink fortified with peel." Vitae 26, no. 2 (November 7, 2019): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.v26n2a04.
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Background: the analysis of the oxidative stability allows to determine the functionality of the antioxidants present in food, over time. Objectives: in this research, a functional mango drink is elaborated and the changes in the antioxidant profile and physicochemical parameters of the drink subjected to accelerated storage conditions are evaluated. Methods: the drink was distributed at 22, 35 and 45°C for 80 days. To monitor oxidative stability, the antioxidant analyzes ABTS, ORAC, mangiferin, total phenols and total carotenoids were performed; in addition, physicochemical properties (pH and °Bx) and L*a*b* coordinates, were monitored. The fit of the data to the Arrhenius model was verified and the shelf life was determined considering a 50% loss in the evaluated attributes, such as the critical limit. Results: the deterioration of the antioxidant attributes and the color at the study temperatures is observed, being more pronounced at 45°C. The least stable attributes are the carotenoids and the b-coordinate, presenting losses greater than 50%. The values of mangiferin exhibit deterioration lower than 40% and similar in the temperatures evaluated. The pH and Brix degrees do not show significant changes. The deterioration reactions are of order one and followed the Arrhenius law, presenting coefficients of determination
greater than 0.90. The values of the activation energy (Ea) are within the range reported for fruit juices, standing out the value found for the b* coordinate (44.59 kJ.mol-1). Conclusions: the ORAC units are
the chosen attribute to condition the life of the beverage, giving 10 months of useful life at 4°C, however, it is recommended to perform sensory and microbiological analyzes under the same conditions
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Cardullo, Nunzio, Melania Leanza, Vera Muccilli, and Corrado Tringali. "Valorization of Agri-Food Waste from Pistachio Hard Shells: Extraction of Polyphenols as Natural Antioxidants." Resources 10, no. 5 (May 8, 2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources10050045.
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The agricultural processing industry usually generates a remarkable amount of by-products rich in bioactive compounds, which can be exploited for agri-food or nutraceutical applications. Pistachio’s hard shell is one of the major by-products from pistachio industrial processing. The aim of this work was the evaluation of pistachio shells as a potential source of natural antioxidants. We evaluated different extraction procedures by measuring total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antioxidative activity (DPPH•, TEAC and ORAC). The microwave-assisted ethanol extract turned out to be the most promising and was fractionated by XAD-16 column chromatography, affording six fractions analyzed through HPLC/ESI-MS/MS and 1H-NMR to identify the main antioxidative constituents. Fractions Fr4–Fr6 demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity. Gallic acid and a monogalloylglusose isomer are the main phenolic constituents of Fr4. Both simple and complex phenolics, such as flavonoids and hydrolysable tannins, were identified in fractions Fr5 and Fr6; pentagalloylglucose and kaempferol, well-known for their antioxidant activity, are the most abundant constituents. The results highlighted that the proposed methodology can be an effective way to recover bioactive phenolic compounds from pistachio hard shell, making this by-product a promising source of compounds with potential applications in food and healthcare sectors.
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Aljahdali, Mohammed Othman, and Abdullahi Bala Alhassan. "Heavy Metal Accumulation and Anti-Oxidative Feedback as a Biomarker in Seagrass Cymodocea serrulata." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 2, 2020): 2841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072841.
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The pursuit of a good candidate to biomonitor environmental pollutants has been on the increase. In this study, the concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni in sediment, seawater and seagrass Cymodocea serrulata compartments and antioxidant enzymes activities in C. serrulata were determined. Our results revealed that bioconcentration factors for all the metals were less than 1 (BCF < 1) and concentrations in seagrass compartments were in the order root > leaf > rhizome for Fe and Mn, leaf > root > rhizome for Cu, Zn, Pb and Ni, and root > rhizome > leaf for Cd and Cr. Effect range low concentrations (ER-L) revealed that Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Ni concentrations were above ER-L values and Cr concentration was below ER-L values while concentrations in seawater for all the heavy metals were above the estimate average element concentrations in seawater (ECS). Significant variation (p < 0.05) was recorded for heavy metals in sediment, seawater, seagrass compartments and heavy metal concentrations across stations. Influence of heavy metals on antioxidant enzymes activities; catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were recorded, and high activities of the antioxidants were recorded in station S8 corresponding to high concentrations of heavy metals in the same station. There is a need for the promotion of biomonitoring networks across the marine environment using C. serrulata and antioxidant enzymes as biomarkers of oxidative stress caused by environmental pollutants.
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Vilas-Boas, Ana A., Débora A. Campos, Catarina Nunes, Sónia Ribeiro, João Nunes, Ana Oliveira, and Manuela Pintado. "Polyphenol Extraction by Different Techniques for Valorisation of Non-Compliant Portuguese Sweet Cherries towards a Novel Antioxidant Extract." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 10, 2020): 5556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145556.
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Currently, there is special interest in the recovery of polyphenols from non-compliant fruits that have no market value; efforts to find value-added solutions for these food areas are a key option for a sustainable bio-economy. Saco cherries are a traditional Portuguese cherry variety, and although they are a nutritionally important food, rich in powerful dietary polyphenols, significant amounts of these cherries are not sold due to their small size. In this context, this work aimed to select the best method to produce novel antioxidant polyphenol-rich extracts from low calibre and non-compliant Saco cherries. Based on the results, microwaves-assisted extraction (MAE) allowed us to obtain a polyphenol-rich extract with a high antioxidant capacity (50.46 ± 1.58 mg Trolox equivalent (TE)/g dry extract (DE) by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), 10.88 ± 0.38 mg ascorbic acid equivalent (AA)/g DE by 2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), and 9.58 ± 0.42 mg TE/g DE by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)) and a high content of polyphenols, namely, hydroxycinnamic acids (neochlorogenic and p-coumaric acids) and anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-rutinoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside), compared with those of conventional extractions with low and high temperature and ultrasound-assisted extraction. The antioxidant extract produced from MAE could be a new alternative for the valorisation of non-compliant cherries since these extracts proved to be a functional ingredient due to the high content of antioxidants, which are linked to the prevention of diseases.
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Çakmak, T., and Ö. Atıcı. "Effects of putrescine and low temperature on the apoplastic antioxidant enzymes in the leaves of two wheat cultivars." Plant, Soil and Environment 55, No. 8 (September 9, 2009): 320–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1037-pse.
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The effects of putrescine (a polyamine), low temperature and their combinations on the activities of apoplastic antioxidant enzymes were studied in the leaves of two wheat cultivars, winter (Dogu-88) and spring (Gerek-79). Fifteen-day-old wheat seedlings were treated with putrescine solutions (0.1, 1 and 10mM) prior to cold treatment (5/3°C). The activities of apoplastic catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were determined in the leaves both under normal and cold conditions at 1, 3 and 5 days. The results indicate that cold treatment significantly increased the activities of apoplastic catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in winter wheat while not generally affecting spring wheat. Under control conditions, the putrescine treatments were more effective in increasing the enzyme activities in winter wheat than in spring wheat. However, under cold conditions, the putrescine treatments surprisingly induced enzyme activities in spring wheat while generally reducing those in winter wheat leaves. The results show that putrescine may act as an agent inducing primary changes in the apoplastic antioxidant system of wheat leaves during reactive oxygen species-mediated damage caused by low temperature stress.
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Souto, Eliana B., Patricia Severino, Conrado Marques, Luciana N. Andrade, Alessandra Durazzo, Massimo Lucarini, Atanas G. Atanasov, Soukaina El Maimouni, Ettore Novellino, and Antonello Santini. "Croton argyrophyllus Kunth Essential Oil-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Evaluation of Release Profile, Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity in a Neuroblastoma Cell Line." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 17, 2020): 7697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187697.
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The essential oil from Croton argyrophyllus Kunth is known for its antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and anticancer activities, and is recognized as a source of phytochemicals for potential use in pharmaceutic and food sectors. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) have been produced to load Croton argyrophyllus (CA) Kunth essential oil (CAEO) and its antioxidant properties evaluated in vitro as a new approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Cetyl palmitate SLN loading CAEO (CAEO-SLN) with a mean particle size of 201.4 ± 2.3 nm (polydispersity index 0.211) have been produced by hot high-pressure homogenisation. The release of the oil followed the Korsmeyers-Peppas model. The risk of lipid peroxidation has been determined by applying the production of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) standard assay. The antioxidant activity was determined by the capacity of the antioxidants existing in CAEO to scavenge the stable radical DPPH•. The cytotoxicity of CA Kunth essential oil-loaded SLN (CAEO-SLN) was evaluated in a human cell line SH-SY5Y (derived from human neuroblastoma) by determining the reduction of the yellow dye 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT). Both free essential oil (fEO) and loaded essential oil (CAEO-SLN) were demonstrated to inhibit the Fenton reaction. CAEO-SLN showed DPPH• radical scavenging capacity. The loading of the oil into cetyl palmitate SLN reduced the risk of cytotoxicity.
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Fathi, Moataz, Ibrahim Al-Homidan, Gamal Rayan, Salah El-Safty, Tarek Ebeid, and Osama Abou-Emera. "Laying performance, immune response and antioxidant properties of hens segregating for naked neck and frizzle genes under low ambient temperature." Czech Journal of Animal Science 64, No. 5 (May 26, 2019): 216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/221/2018-cjas.
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Major genes could be introgressed into laying hens to attenuate heat stress. However, under cold and/or moderate ambient temperature, these genes might possess different behaviour. The main objective of this study was to evaluate laying performance, immune response, and antioxidant status of native laying hens segregating for naked neck (Na) and frizzle (F) genes under low ambient temperature. Five genotypes were studied: homozygous naked neck (NaNaff), heterozygous naked neck (Nanaff), homozygous frizzle (nanaFF), heterozygous frizzle (nanaFf), and normally feathered (nanaff). The hens were raised under temperature range 22.2–16.7°C. No adverse effect due to ambient temperature was detected in laying performance for naked neck genotypes. Significant decrease in egg weight was recorded in nanaFF genotype compared to the other genotypes leading to significant decrease in egg mass. Significant improvement in shell thickness was associated with Na and F genes. NaNaff genotype had a significantly higher eggshell strength compared to nanaff. Furthermore, Na and F genes improved cellular mediated immune responsiveness, whereas this improvement did not extend to humoral immunity. Birds carrying F gene in homozygous state had a higher total antioxidant activity compared to the remaining genotypes. It could be concluded that the presence of Na and F genes in laying hens raised under low ambient temperature significantly increased shell thickness and, in turn, improved shell strength. Moreover, they greatly enhanced cellular immunity, particularly in heterozygous naked neck status.
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Bragueto Escher, Cardoso Borges, Sousa Santos, Mendanha Cruz, Boscacci Marques, Vieira do Carmo, Azevedo, et al. "From the Field to the Pot: Phytochemical and Functional Analyses of Calendula officinalis L. Flower for Incorporation in an Organic Yogurt." Antioxidants 8, no. 11 (November 15, 2019): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8110559.
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Edible flowers have been used as ingredients because of their biological activities, taste, and overall appearance. This research was aimed to characterize the chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of the marigold flower (Calendula officinalis L.) extracted with different proportions of water and ethyl alcohol, and the lyophilized extract with higher content of antioxidant compounds was incorporated into an organic yogurt. Results showed that the hydroalcoholic extract (50:50 v/v) presented the highest total phenolic content (TPC), flavonoids, and antioxidant activity (ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total reducing capacity (TRC), and Cu2+/Fe2+ chelating ability). Phenolic acids and flavonoids were quantified in the extract by LC-DAD, while 19 compounds were tentatively identified by ESI-MS/MS. The lyophilized marigold extract (LME) also inhibited 12% of Wistar rat’s brain lipid oxidation in vitro, inhibited α-amylase, and α-glucosidase activities, but showed no cytotoxicity towards cancerous cells (HCT8 and A549). However, marigold flower extract protected human erythrocytes against mechanical stress. When added into an organic yogurt model (0 to 1.5%), LME increased TPC and antioxidant activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and TRC), and the sensory analysis showed that the organic yogurt had an acceptance of 80.4%. Our results show that the use of LME may be a technological strategy to increase the content of bioactive compounds in yogurts.
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Irshad, Annie, Rana Naveed Ur Rehman, Muhammad Mohsin Abrar, Qudsia Saeed, Rahat Sharif, and Tianming Hu. "Contribution of Rhizobium–Legume Symbiosis in Salt Stress Tolerance in Medicago truncatula Evaluated through Photosynthesis, Antioxidant Enzymes, and Compatible Solutes Accumulation." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 18, 2021): 3369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063369.
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The effects of salt stress on the growth, nodulation, and nitrogen (N) fixation of legumes are well known, but the relationship between symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) driven by rhizobium–legume symbiosis and salt tolerance in Medicago truncatula is not well studied. The effects of the active nodulation process on salt stress tolerance of Medicago truncatula were evaluated by quantifying the compatible solutes, soluble sugars, and antioxidants enzymes, as well as growth and survival rate of plants. Eight weeks old plants, divided in three groups: (i) no nodules (NN), (ii) inactive nodules (IN), and (iii) active nodules (AN), were exposed to 150 mM of NaCl salt stress for 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, and 48 h in hydroponic system. AN plants showed a higher survival rate (30.83% and 38.35%), chlorophyll contents (37.18% and 44.51%), and photosynthesis compared to IN and NN plants, respectively. Improved salt tolerance in AN plants was linked with higher activities of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants and higher K+ (20.45% and 39.21%) and lower Na+ accumulations (17.54% and 24.51%) when compared with IN and NN plants, respectively. Additionally, higher generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was indicative of salt stress, causing membrane damage as revealed by higher electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation. All such effects were significantly ameliorated in AN plants, showing higher compatible solutes (proline, free amino acids, glycine betaine, soluble sugars, and proteins) and maintaining higher relative water contents (61.34%). This study advocates positive role of Rhizobium meliloti inoculation against salt stress through upregulation of antioxidant system and a higher concentration of compatible solutes.
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El-Beltagi, Hossam S., Mahmoud R. Sofy, Mohammed I. Aldaej, and Heba I. Mohamed. "Silicon Alleviates Copper Toxicity in Flax Plants by Up-Regulating Antioxidant Defense and Secondary Metabolites and Decreasing Oxidative Damage." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 10, 2020): 4732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114732.
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In recent years, nutrient management has gained much attention as a way to mitigate heavy metal stress. Silicon (Si) promotes plant defense responses against toxic metal stresses. In this study, we evaluated the effects of silicon (Si) on copper (Cu) toxicity in two flax genotypes (Sakha 1 and Sakha 2) as it relates to plant growth, yield attributes, total chlorophyll, nucleic acid content, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, oxidative damage, lipid peroxidation, copper and silicon content, and fatty acid composition. The results showed that Cu (100 and 200 µM) inhibited plant growth and increased Cu accumulation in soil, roots, and shoots. Cu significantly decreased the yield attributes, total chlorophyll by 9.5% and 22% in Sakha 1 and by 22.5% and 29% in Sakha 2, and enhanced the accumulation of non-enzymatic (tocopherol), enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismnutase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase) and secondary metabolites (phenol and flavonoids). The DNA content significantly decreased in stressed plants with 100 and 200 µM Cu about 22% and 44%, respectively, in Sakha 1 and about 21.6% and 34.7% in Sakha 2, and RNA content also decreased by about 20% and 29%, respectively, in Sakha 1 and by about 2% and 13% in Sakha 2 compared to the control plant. Furthermore, Cu stress accelerated the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and induced cellular oxidative injury caused by lipid peroxidation. In parallel, Cu induced a change in the composition of fatty acids, resulting in lower unsaturated fatty acid levels and increased saturated fatty acids (increased saturation/unsaturation ratio for both genotypes). Treating the flax plants with irrigation three times with Si protected the plants from Cu toxicity. Si treatment decreased the uptake and the transport of Cu to the shoots and harvested seeds and promoted plant growth, yield attributes, and antioxidant defense systems by reducing Cu accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and the generation of H2O2. In addition, the alleviation of Cu toxicity correlated with increased Si accumulation in the roots and shoots. In conclusion, Si can be used to improve the resistance of flax plants to Cu toxicity by up-regulating the antioxidant defense system such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) and decreasing the oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Barclay, L. R. C. "1992 Syntex Award Lecture Model biomembranes: quantitative studies of peroxidation, antioxidant action, partitioning, and oxidative stress." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 71, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v93-001.
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This review outlines a decade of research that employs quantitative kinetic methods of autooxidation to phospholipids aggregated into membranes. The classical rate law for autoxidation:[Formula: see text]was found to apply to heterogeneous systems of bilayers and micelles, where kp and 2kt. are the rate constants for chain propagation and termination, respectively, and Ri, the rate of chain initiation, is controlled by thermal initiators. The oxidizability of a typical lipid chain, linoleate 18:2, at 30 °C was similar (0.02–0.04 M−1/2 s−1/2) in different media (solution, micelles, bilayers) and for different procedures using water-soluble or lipid-soluble initiators and inhibitors. A reduction in the absolute rate constant for termination, 2kt by a hundredfold in bilayers of dilinoleoylphosphatidyl choline (DLPC) compared to that in tert-butyl alcohol solution, and a drop in the kp by a factor of five are interpreted in terms of diffusion of polarized peroxyl radicals from the hydrophobic bilayer phase to the aqueous surface, where peroxyls are strongly solvated by water. Such phenomena may also account for significant changes as observed by 31P NMR spectra in bilayer lamellar structure accompanying extensive peroxidation. Analysis of the hydroperoxides formed by peroxidation of mixed bilayers of DLPC + DPPC (16:0) initiated by a water-soluble initiator, azobis(2-amidinopropane•HCl) (ABAP), showed a linear trend between the ratio of cis, trans to trans, trans geometrical isomeric hydroperoxides and [DPLC] consistent with a peroxidation mechanism proposed in homogeneous solution.The antioxidant activities, kinh, of three classes of antioxidants: (a) polyalkyl-6-hydroxychromans (e.g., vitamin E), (b) polyalkyl-4-methoxyphenols, and (c) trialkylphenols, were measured in DLPC membranes. The results show an overall leveling and depression of kinh values in DLPC membranes in the series (a) (by several orders of magnitude), (b), and (c) compared to known values in solution in chlorobenzene. In aqueous bilayers it is proposed that kinh values are attenuated by hydrogen bonding by water at both the para ether oxygen and phenolic groups. Restricted diffusion (e.g., of α-tocopherol) may also reduce antioxidant activities in membranes. A synergistic effect between ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol was discovered under conditions of inhibited peroxidation of linoleate in SDS micelles. The natural peptide glutathione, GSH, however, acts as a co-antioxidant with vitamin E by trapping peroxyls in the aqueous phase.Solid cholesterol was found to partition directly into PC lipsomes by shaking, above or below the phase transition temperature, and membrane-bound cholesterol, unlike the solid, undergoes facile peroxidation. A water-soluble form of α-tocopherol complexed with bovine serum albumin (α-toc:BSA) is an effective antioxidant for autoxidations of linoleate in SDS micelles. In contrast, α-toc:BSA required a long equilibration time (e.g., 12 h) with liposomes (DLPC) before the α-tocopherol was transferred to the liposomes to provide effective antioxidant action.
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Wang, Zhe, and Mingde Hao. "Effects of Spent Drilling Fluids from Natural Gas Fields on Seed Germination and Root Development of Maize (Zea mays L.)." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 1510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031510.
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The use of drilling waste for land reclamation is a cost-effective way to improve soil fertility and to decrease landfills. However, the potential phytotoxic and cytotoxic effects of this waste on crops have not been investigated in detail. Here, we evaluated the toxicity of spent drilling fluids (SDFs) from a natural gas field using the non-target plant Zea mays L. (maize). Four different concentrations of SDFs (2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%, w/w) were used to test the toxic effects in two soils (aeolian and loessal). Different endpoints, including germination, root elongation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, antioxidant activity, mitotic index, and chromosomal abnormalities, were used to test the effects of SDFs after four days of exposure. Higher levels (≥6%) of SDFs inhibited seed germination and root growth, and altered the oxygen status by increasing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and inhibiting superoxide ion (O2−) accumulation in the roots. SDFs-induced oxidative stress caused member damage, exacerbated cell injury, and reduced cell viability in the roots, compared with those untreated plants. The plants responded to high SDFs levels (≥6%) by upregulating antioxidants such as peroxidase, superoxide dismutase ascorbate peroxidase, and proline. A reduction in the mitotic index and induction of chromosomal abnormalities in root meristematic cells were indicators of the cytotoxicity of SDFs in maize seedlings. The upregulation of antioxidants due to the change of ROS and the induction of chromosomal abnormalities were more severe in roots grown in aeolian soil than in those grown in loessal soil. The present results provide insight into the mechanism underlying the phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity of SDFs and have implications for land reclamation to minimize deleterious effects on non-target crops.
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Sen, Gamze Tilbe, Gizem Ozkemahli, Reza Shahbazi, Pınar Erkekoglu, Kezban Ulubayram, and Belma Kocer-Gumusel. "The Effects of Polymer Coating of Gold Nanoparticles on Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage." International Journal of Toxicology 39, no. 4 (June 2, 2020): 328–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581820927646.
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Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been widely used in many biological and biomedical applications. In this regard, their surface modification is of paramount importance in order to increase their cellular uptake, delivery capability, and optimize their distribution inside the body. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of AuNPs on cytotoxicity, oxidant/antioxidant parameters, and DNA damage in HepG2 cells and investigate the potential toxic effects of different surface modifications such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyethyleneimine (PEI; molecular weights of 2,000 (low molecular weight [LMW]) and 25,000 (high molecular weight [HMW]). The study groups were determined as AuNPs, PEG-coated AuNPs (AuNPs/PEG), low-molecular weight polyethyleneimine-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs/PEI LMW), and high-molecular weight polyethyleneimine-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs/PEI HMW). After incubating HepG2 cells with different concentrations of nanoparticles for 24 hours, half maximal inhibitory concentrations (the concentration that kills 50% of the cells) were determined as 166.77, 257.73, and 198.44 µg/mL for AuNPs, AuNPs/PEG, and AuNPs/PEI LMW groups, respectively. Later, inhibitory concentration 30 (IC30, the concentration that kills 30% of the cells) doses were calculated, and further experiments were performed on cells that were exposed to IC30 doses. Although intracellular reactive oxygen species levels significantly increased in all nanoparticles, AuNPs as well as AuNPs/PEG did not cause any changes in oxidant/antioxidant parameters. However, AuNPs/PEI HMW particularly induced oxidative stress as evidence of alterations in lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation. These results suggest that at IC30 doses, AuNPs do not affect oxidative stress and DNA damage significantly. Polyethylene glycol coating does not have an impact on toxicity, however PEI coating (particularly HMW) can induce oxidative stress.
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Іванніков, Роман, Ірина Лагута, Оксана Ставинська, and Людмила Буюн. "DEVELOPMENT OF PROTOTYPES OF THERAPEUTIC AND PROPHYLACTIC ANTIOXIDANT AGENTS BASED ON NATURAL BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF TROPICOGENIC REPRESENTATIVES OF ORCHIDACEAE JUSS." Science and Innovation 17, no. 1 (March 3, 2021): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/scine17.01.089.
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Introduction. Plant extracts and bioactive substances (BAS) of natural origin possess a high biological activity and a low toxicity, therefore they are widely used in cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries. Problem Statement. Nowadays, about 50% of all medical drugs, dietary supplements, and herbal medicines is produced from natural sources, so the search for plants with a high content of BAS, the development of biotechnologies for BAS production, and the design of composites providing the most effective use of BAS are of great importance. Purpose. The purpose is to study tropical orchid collection for identification of plants with a high BAS content; to develop a procedure for growing promising species in vitro; to design drug prototypes on the basis of plants extracts, nanosized silica, and gelatin biopolymer. Materials and Methods. The extracts prepared from orchids leaves, silica, and gelatin have been used as auxiliary components for composites synthesis. Spectrophotometric, chromatographic, quantum-chemical, anatomo-morphological, physiological-biochemical, and biotechnological methods have been used in the research. Results. The species of orchids, which contain a significant amount of BAS with high antioxidant properties have been identified, the main components of orchids extracts have been distinguished. Sterile cultures of selected species have been obtained; protocols for their cultivation in vitro have been developed. Two types of bioactive composites have been prepared; the interaction of extracts components with silica surface and gelatin molecules has been studied. It has been shown that the materials composed of silica and orchid extracts possess a high storage stability and a prolonged desorption of several BAS, while the materials based on extracts, silica, and gelatin ensure gradual release of all the extracts components. Conclusions. The orchids are valuable sources of natural antioxidants. The designed composites are promising in terms of producing drug formulations for prolonged release of antioxidants.
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Grigorakis, Spyros, Abedalghani Halahlah, and Dimitris P. Makris. "Hydroglycerolic Solvent and Ultrasonication Pretreatment: A Green Blend for High-Efficiency Extraction of Salvia fruticosa Polyphenols." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 13, 2020): 4840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12124840.
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Salvia fruticosa Miller, also known as Cretan or Greek sage, is a medicinal plant with significant biological properties, which are largely ascribed to its polyphenolic composition, but there is to-date a scarcity of green and sustainable processes for efficient polyphenol extraction from this plant. The objective of this study was the implementation of an extraction process that would combine a green solvent based on glycerol, a biodiesel industry by-product, and ultrasonication pretreatment. Ultrasonication for 40 min followed by stirred-tank extraction was shown to provide significantly higher total polyphenol yield than mere stirred-tank extraction, while kinetics indicated 50 °C as the most favorable temperature, with the yield being 92 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per g dry mass. Comparison of this method with a previously developed one that used methyl β-cyclodextrin revealed that the extracts obtained had similar antioxidant activity, and yield in major polyphenols including luteolin 7-O-glucuronide and rosmarinic acid was virtually equal. The current process is proposed as a sustainable and effective methodology for the generation of polyphenol-enriched extracts from S. fruticosa, which could be used as effective food antioxidants/antimicrobials and/or cosmetic constituents.
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Rayee, Ramin, Hoang-Dung Tran, Tran Xuan, and Tran Khanh. "Imposed Water Deficit after Anthesis for the Improvement of Macronutrients, Quality, Phytochemicals, and Antioxidants in Rice Grain." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (December 18, 2018): 4843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124843.
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The control of protein and amylose content is the principal challenge in rice nutrient and quality improvement. In this study, water deficits in 2- and 3-day intervals were imposed on two Japonica cultivars K1 and K3, and an Indica K4 subtype after anthesis to harvest. It was observed that although rice yield was affected, the protein content was increased 6.53–6.63% to 9.93–10.16%. The amylose quantity was reduced significantly from 22.00–22.43% to 16.33–17.56%, while fatty acids in rice grain were not influenced. Total anthocyanins were greatly promoted by 53.1% as compared to the non-treated trials. The antioxidant capacity in rice grain increased up to 59.1% in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and 41.6% in reducing power assays. Findings of this research revealed that the 3-day interval of water deficit imposition was the most effective to improve rice macronutrients and quality, as well as beneficial phytochemicals and antioxidants in rice grain. The water control after anthesis to harvest in rice cultivation is beneficial and economical for farmers to improve rice nutrients and quality, thus contributes to the sustainable rice production in many developing countries.
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Sima-Obiang, C., R. L. Ngoua-Meye-Misso, G. R. Ndong-Atome, J. Privat Ondo, L. C. Obame-Engonga, and E. Nsi-Emvo. "Phytochemical Screening, Phenolic Compounds Content, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Antimicrobial Properties of Pachylobus balsamifera Guillaum from Gabon." Phytothérapie 16, S1 (October 26, 2018): S65—S73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/phyto-2018-0059.
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The goal of this work is to evaluate the antioxidant anti-inflammatory properties, the phenolic compounds content, and antimicrobial potential of water–acetone, water–ethanol, and water extracts of Pachylobus balsamifera. The phenolic compounds content was evaluated to estimate their effect on the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial potential of the plant. Antioxidant activities were examined by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis) assays. Antiinflammatory activity was determined by the proteins denaturation inhibition method. All plant extracts were evaluated against six reference strains, eleven clinical isolates, and two fungal strains. Phenols content was highest in the water–acetone and water–ethanol extracts. The water extract showed strong anti-inflammatory effect. The water–acetone extract presented a strong antioxidant property and the highest antimicrobial activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Salmonella Sp., and Neisseria meningitidis. The tested microorganisms showed sensitivity to all extracts of the plant with the exception of Escherichia coli 105182 CIP, Listeria innocua LMG 135668 BHI, Salmonella enterica, Salmonella typhi, and Neisseria gonorrhea. Our results suggest that Pachylobus balsamifera extracts contain antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
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Rasheed, Fahad, Adnan Gondal, Kamziah Abdul Kudus, Zikria Zafar, Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz, Waseem Razzaq Khan, Muhammad Abdullah, et al. "Effects of Soil Water Deficit on Three Tree Species of the Arid Environment: Variations in Growth, Physiology, and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 18, 2021): 3336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063336.
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Low water availability predicted under climate change is a major abiotic factor limiting plants growth and productivity. In this study a greenhouse experiment was conducted on three important tree species of arid environment: Conocarpus erectus (CE), Acacia modesta (AM), and Salix tetrasperma (ST). Young saplings were subjected to control (C), medium (MWD) and severe soil water deficit (SWD) treatments and response was evaluated. Results showed that in all the three species leaf, stem and root dry weight production remained similar to C under MWD treatment but decreased significantly under SWD. The highest decrease in total dry weight was noticed in ST and the lowest was evidenced in AM under SWD. Root:shoot ratio increased significantly in both CE and AM under MWD and SWD. Furthermore, chlorophyll content decreased while proline content increased significantly in both MWD and SWD treatments. The production of oxidants (hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions) and antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase) increased significantly under both MWD and SWD treatments and were the highest in AM in both MWD and SWD treatments. Therefore, we may conclude that all the three species can tolerate medium water stress due to increased root production and an effective antioxidant defense mechanism.
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Hossain, Md Saddam, Karna Ramachandraiah, Rashidul Hasan, Rabiul Islam Chowdhury, Kawser Alam Kanan, Shakil Ahmed, Md Aslam Ali, Md Tariqul Islam, and Maruf Ahmed. "Application of Oxalic Acid and 1-Methylcyclopropane (1-Mcp) with Low and High-Density Polyethylene on Post-Harvest Storage of Litchi Fruit." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (March 26, 2021): 3703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073703.
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The present study investigates the effects of oxalic acid and 1-methylcyclopropane (1-MCP) treatments in combination with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) on the post-harvest storage of litchi fruits. The physicochemical properties, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activities, and dismutase enzyme activity (SOD) of treated and untreated litchi fruits were examined during 30 days of storage at 4 ℃. The most effective combination was 1-MCP and HDPE packaging, which lowered the weight loss and preserved the red pericarp. Fruits treated with 1-MCP and HDPE also exhibited higher content of ascorbic acid (74.73–34.95 mg/100 g), total phenol (55.70–28.83 mg/100 g), and total flavonoid content (82.46–48.54 mg/100 g), whereas anthocyanin content (0.24–0.39 mg/100 g) was lowered during the entire storage period. In addition, higher levels of DPPH activity, reducing power, and SOD activity were observed in 1-MCP and HDPE-treated fruits. While antioxidants, SOD activities, and acidity were positively associated with total phenol and flavonoid content, these were negatively associated with anthocyanin content. Thus, the combined treatment of 1-MCP and HDPE are proposed as a sustainable strategy to preserve red pericarp, improve quality, and increase fruit shelf life of litchi.
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Jirasatid, Sani, and Montira Nopharatana. "Thermal Kinetics of Gamma–Aminobutyric Acid and Antioxidant Activity in Germinated Red Jasmine Rice Milk using Arrhenius, Eyring-Polanyi and Ball Models." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 9, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 700–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.9.2.33.
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The thermal kinetics of changes of –aminobutyric acid (GABA) and antioxidant activity (DPPH assay) in germinated red jasmine rice milk (GRJM) at heating temperatures of 80, 90, 100 and 121C using Arrhenius, Eyring–Polanyi and Ball models was examined in this study. Under isothermal conditions, the increasing of heating temperature from 80C to 121C resulted in the decreasing of GABA. However, DPPH radical scavenging activity increased under temperature range of 80–100C, but decreased at 121C. The highest residue of GABA was 94% after heating at 80C for 30 min, while the highest increasing of DPPH radical scavenging activity was 230% at 90C for 30 min. Thermal degradation of GABA followed a second–order reaction kinetic, while the increasing of antioxidant activity (80–100C) followed a first–order kinetic as well as the degradation of antioxidant activity (121C). The heating temperature dependence of rate constant for degradation of GABA and increasing of antioxidant activity were described by Arrhenius, Eyring–Polanyi and Ball models. Following the Arrhenius law, activation energies were 59.62 kJ/mol and 30.31 kJ/mol, respectively for degradation of GABA (80–121C) and increasing of antioxidant activity in GRJM (80–100C). Arrhenius, Eyring–Polanyi and Ball models could be used to predict accurately GABA content and antioxidant activity in GRJM during isothermal heat treatment.
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Sonowal, Rimjhim, Anamika Jain, V. Bhargava, H. D. Khanna, and Ashok Kumar. "Antioxidant Levels in Cord Blood of Term Low Birth Weight Neonates Requiring Delivery Room Resuscitation." Journal of Neonatology 35, no. 1 (March 2021): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973217921991402.
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Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of various antioxidants, namely, vitamin A and E, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the cord blood of term low birth weight (LBW) neonates who required delivery room resuscitation (DRR). Materials and Methods: This case control study included 37 term LBW neonates who needed DRR as cases and 44 term neonates as controls (15 term LBW and 29 term normal birth weight) who did not require resuscitation at birth. Neonates suffering from major congenital malformations, infection, or hemolytic disease were excluded. Standard methods were used to measure the levels of vitamin A, vitamin E, SOD, catalase, and GPx levels in the cord blood. Results: Vitamin A and E levels were significantly low in cases compared to term LBW controls as well as term normal birth weight controls. Levels of SOD, GPx, and catalase were comparable in different study groups. Conclusion: Our study shows that term LBW neonates requiring DRR had significantly low levels of vitamin A and E in their cord blood. This might compromise their ability to tolerate oxidative stress during DRR.
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Li, Po-Hsien, Yung-Jia Chan, Wen-Chien Lu, Da-Wei Huang, Ting-Chieh Chang, Wen-Hong Chang, Xiao-Bao Nie, Chang-Xing Jiang, and Xiao-Lei Zhang. "Bioresource Utilization of Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum) Biomass as Natural Antioxidants." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 23, 2020): 5926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12155926.
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Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum) is a yearly, fast-growing, under-utilized pseudo-cereal with a high proportion of biomass content. We used the hulls, which are usually removed from djulis as crop residue, to evaluate the free-radical scavenging and antioxidant capacity of djulis. We studied the antioxidant capacity of ethanol- and water-extracted hulls and roots by using various in vitro methods. Ascorbic acid was the reference sample. The extract samples were used at 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 µg/mL. Total sugar content, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content were assessed. Antioxidant activity was assessed by using the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, and N, N-dimethyl-ρ-phenylenediamine. Ethanol- and water-extracted red djulis hulls showed high amounts of total sugar, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity. Moreover, ethanol- and water-extracted red djulis roots showed moderate antioxidant capacity. However, ethanol- and water-extracted yellow djulis hulls showed limited antioxidant activities. Utilization of the biomass of djulis hulls and roots as natural antioxidant resources may be environmentally friendly and foreseeable.
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Barrientos, Gema, Javier Alves, Francisco Pradas, María Concepción Robles, Diego Muñoz, and Marcos Maynar. "Association between Parameters Related to Oxidative Stress and Trace Minerals in Athletes." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 18, 2020): 4966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12124966.
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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the basal concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) nonenzymatic antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, and retinol in plasma or erythrocytes, and the plasma concentrations of 16 trace minerals in endurance athletes from Extremadura (Spain). In addition, we aimed to assess the possible relationships between some parameters related to cellular oxidative stress with plasma concentrations of some trace minerals. Sixty-two national long-distance men athletes participated in this study. The parameters related to oxidative stress and antioxidant activity were analyzed through high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), and trace minerals analysis was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). We found that plasma MDA was positively correlated with selenium and rubidium. Plasma ascorbic acid was positively correlated with manganese and negatively correlated with cobalt and cadmium. Erythrocyte ascorbic acid was related to arsenic and cesium. Plasma α-tocopherol correlated with copper and manganese negatively and positively with arsenic. Erythrocyte α-tocopherol was positively related to copper, rubidium, and lithium. The findings show that athletes with a high degree of training should monitor their intake and concentrations of α-tocopherol for its fundamental role of neutralizing the excess of reactive oxygen species produced by exercise and the prooxidant effects of several minerals such as arsenic, copper, and lithium.
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Cardelli, Roberto, Giacomo Vanni, Lucia Guidi, Fausto Marchini, and Alessandro Saviozzi. "Antioxidant capacity in urban soils." Landscape and Urban Planning 124 (April 2014): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.11.005.
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Lorini, Alexandre, Claudineli Cassia Bueno da Rosa, Livia Teixeira Oliveira, and Carmen Wobeto. "Chemical composition and microbiological quality of bee pollen." Scientia Agraria Paranaensis 19, no. 3 (November 3, 2020): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18188/sap.v18i3.23991.
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Besides honey and propolis, bee products already well consolidated, pollen also has relevant economic, nutritional and functional value. As the quality of the final product is directly related to the region where it is collected and processed, this work has evaluated the nutritional and microbiological quality of two dehydrated bee pollens from São Paulo state and the other produced by beekeepers from northern of Mato Grosso state, but with no inspection. Physical-chemical and microbiological quality, phenolic composition and mineral profile analysis were performed. It was observed that both pollens presented satisfactory quality regarding protein contents (24.8 ± 2.4 g 100 g-1), total sugars (36.2 ± 1.1 g 100 g-1), lipids (4.0 ± 0.3 g 100 g-1), ashes (2.6 ± 0.05 g 100 g-1), free acidity (238.7 ± 4.5 mEq Kg-1) and pH (4.8 ± 0.03), however regarding the humidity levels (6.6 ± 2.2 g 100 g-1) both samples were not in accordance with recommended by law (4 g 100 g-1). The bioactive profile has shown a significant amount of phenolic compounds (37.3 ± 1.1 mg GAE g-1) and flavonoids (41.8 ± 2.5 mg QE g-1), besides potential antioxidants around, approximately, 50 and 80%. Microbiological analyzes have revealed low bacterial contamination (≤ 3.6 MPN g-1), molds and yeasts (variation between 1.2x103 and 4x101 CFU g-1), according to values stipulated by the current legislation, being observed the absence of Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli. The bee pollens investigated have nutritional quality and safety for consumption. However, pollen from São Paulo state showed greater antioxidant potential, probably due to its higher content of phenolics when compared with pollen from Mato Grosso state.
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Salamatullah, Ahmad Mohammad, Mohammed Saeed Alkaltham, Khizar Hayat, Mohammed Asif Ahmed, Shaista Arzoo, Fohad Mabood Husain, and Abdulhakeem Alzahrani. "Bioactive and Antimicrobial Properties of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) under Microwave Cooking." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 1519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031519.
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Fruits and vegetables constitute a considerable amount of antioxidants and among them eggplant is a rich source of polyphenol compounds. This study investigated the bioactive and antimicrobial properties of eggplant under different degree of microwave cooking. The eggplant was cooked for 7 min (light cooked), 10 min (medium cooked), and 15 min (high cooked). The highest total polyphenol content was observed in the light cooked eggplant sample (27.35 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight (DW)) followed by high cooked sample (26.10 mg GAE/g DW), while the lowest total polyphenol content (2.79 mg GAE/g DW) was obtained for the uncooked (control) sample. The total polyphenol content of the samples ranged in the following order; light cooked > high cooked > medium cooked > uncooked. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging of eggplant ranged between 16.16% (control) and 47.88% (high cooked). The highest reducing power was exhibited by the light cooked (absorbance 1.708) eggplant sample followed by the high cooked (absorbance 1.597), while the lowest reducing power was shown by uncooked sample (absorbance 0.389). Moreover, antimicrobial studies showed that light cooked eggplant sample demonstrated broad-spectrum inhibition of growth in Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative bacteria and Candida albicans. Slightly lower antimicrobial potential was exhibited by medium cooked eggplant sample while no antibacterial or antifungal activity was recorded for the extract of high cooked eggplant sample. Microwave cooking might be a method to enhance the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of eggplant.
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Michiels, Joris, Maartje De Vos, Joris Missotten, Anneke Ovyn, Stefaan De Smet, and Christa Van Ginneken. "Maturation of digestive function is retarded and plasma antioxidant capacity lowered in fully weaned low birth weight piglets." British Journal of Nutrition 109, no. 1 (April 3, 2012): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512000670.
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The digestive function of low birth weight (LBW) pigs post-weaning has been poorly studied. Therefore, newborns from eleven hyperprolific sows were weighed, weaned at 27·2 d and fed a starter diet until sampling. Sampling was done between 18 and 28 d post-weaning. An LBW piglet (n19) was defined as a piglet having a birth weight less than 1 kg and less than the lower quartile of litter birth weights. Normal birth weight (NBW) piglets (n13) were having a birth weight close to the mean litter birth weight. For each piglet, eighty-eight variables were determined. Data were analysed with linear models with type of piglet and litter as predictors. A principal component analysis was performed to determine the most important discriminating variables. In the LBW pig, the development of the digestive tract post-weaning was delayed: lower small-intestinal weight:length ratio due to a thinner tela submucosa and tunica muscularis and a higher secretory capacity, both in the distal jejunum. These observations might be a consequence of lower circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations (126 (se10·0)v. 158 (se12·0) ng/ml for LBW and NBW, respectively) and a lower density of IGF-1 receptors in the proximal small intestine. Additionally, the plasma antioxidant capacity was lower for the LBW pig. Taken together, in the LBW piglet, the normal gut maturation post-weaning was retarded and this did not seem to be related to the weaning transition as such.
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Zhang, Wen Gang, and Fang Wang. "Experimental Study on Asphalt Composite UV Absorption Anti-Aging Agent." Applied Mechanics and Materials 484-485 (January 2014): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.484-485.89.
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In order to compound high performance asphalt UV absorption anti-aging agent, light screener, antioxidant, light stabilizer were used in experiment, ultraviolet rays aging equation of asphalt was established, was used to stand for final aging quantity of asphalt pavement, aging equation and were used to research the performance of UV absorption anti-aging agent in different compound mode, optimum composite system of asphalt composite UV absorption anti-aging agent was found, and compliance dosage of components in optimum composite system was research after then. The results of the study show that: The aging law of asphalt ultraviolet radiation aging follows the equation next, ; asphalt UV absorption anti-aging agent composed by 5% antioxidant and 1.5% light stabilizer have the best anti-aging performance to UV radiation.
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Korolev, Yuri N., Lyudmila A. Nikulina, and Lyubov V. Mikhailik. "Prevention of Postradiational Disorders in the Testes of Rats with the use of Magnetic Field." Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine 20, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.38025/2078-1962-2021-20-2-104-108.
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The action effects of the low-intensity low-frequency magnetic field (LMF) are mainly studied in its therapeutic use and to a much lesser extent in the mode of primary prevention. Aim. To identify adaptive metabolic and ultrastructural changes in the testes of rats under the preventive action of LMF under radiation conditions. Material and methods. The experiments were carried out on 28 mature non-linear male rats weighing 180-200 g. the animals were divided into 3 groups: in the experimental group, the animals received a course of LMF procedures followed by radiation exposure; in the control group, the animals were subjected only to radiation exposure; in the intact group, the animals were not exposed to any effects. The animals were slaughtered the day after the radiation exposure. the research methods were used: biochemical (to determine the content of RNA, DNA, antioxidant activity of the testes), light – optical (to count the number of convoluted seminiferous tubule – CST, exfoliated cells, spermatogonia, to determine the index of spermatogenesis); transmission electron microscopy; morphometric analysis of mitochondria (number, average and total area). Results. The preventive effect of LMF enhanced the adaptive capabilities of the body and increased the resistance of the testes to the effects of radiation. This was manifested in an increase in the power of the antioxidant system, activation oof the cellular and intracellular regeneration processes, and a decrease in the permeability of the structures of the CST’s own shell. Conclusion. The obtained data substantiate the possibility of using LMF as a means of protecting the organs of the reproductive system in the complex prevention of the body under the influence of radiation.
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Carvalho, Vania Silva, Clarissa Damiani, Eduardo Ramirez Asquieri, Daniela Castilho Orsi, and Adriana Cândida Faustino Nishi. "Development and antioxidant capacity of sapota pulp Jelly (Quararibea cordata Vischer)." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 36, no. 3 (June 2012): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542012000300010.
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Sapote (Quararibea cordata Vischer), also known as a chupa-chupa, is originated from the Brazilian, Peruvian and Colombian Amazon. The pulp of the ripe fruit is edible, fibrous, of intense orange color, sweet flavor and aromatic. Since the fruit is known in the Amazon only in its domesticated state, this work becomes necessary. With the aim of meeting the demand for new products in domestic and international markets, sapota pulp jelly has been developed. The jelly was assessed for moisture, ash, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, pectin, pH, total acidity, solids soluble, sugars, organic acids, carotenoids, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. The final product met the standards required by Brazilian law, and 32.68% moisture and 61.06% °Brix. Also, in accordance with the laws attributed to this product, jelly sapota pulp can be considered a food rich in fiber, as presented content above 5%. The jelly, showed content of total phenolics compounds (102 mg GAE. 100 -1) in relation to fresh fruit (21 mg GAE.100 g-1). There was the identification in the antioxidant capacity (9.05% scavering of DPPH radical), giving the final product antioxidant properties. Also were analyzed the microbiological characteristics of the product which was not observed the presence of thermotolerants coliforms, yeast and molds. The sapota can be considered effective raw materials in the preparation of jam and this had an antioxidant activity and source of fiber.
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Iwansyah, Ade Chandra, Tran Dinh Manh, Yusuf Andriana, Muhammad Aiman bin Hessan, Faridah Kormin, Dang Xuan Cuong, Nguyen Xuan Hoan, et al. "Effects of Various Drying Methods on Selected Physical and Antioxidant Properties of Extracts from Moringa oliefera Leaf Waste." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 16, 2020): 8586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208586.
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This study aims to evaluate the effects of different drying methods on the physical properties, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of extracts from Moringa oliefera L. (MO) leaf waste. The effects of two drying techniques, namely, sun drying (A1) and tray drying (A2), on the physical and antioxidant properties of the extracts obtained using three extracting solvents, i.e., water (b1), ethanol (b2), and ethyl acetate (b3), were investigated. These extracts were analyzed for their physicochemical and antioxidant properties. The antioxidant properties were determined with the Folin Ciocalteau, aluminum chloride, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) was used to identify functional groups in the active compounds. It was found that the physical properties of the MO extract, including yield, pH, total solids, and color, showed significant differences for the two drying methods (p < 0.05). The b3 extract had the highest value for total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activities, followed by b2 and b1, respectively, for both the sun drying and tray drying methods. There was a significant correlation between the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity (IC50). This study reveals that waste material from MO leaves could be utilized as an antioxidant agent, which is expected to reduce environmental pollution from the MO processing industry.
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Vahidi, Siavash, Grace Hsuan, and Adel ElSafty. "Predicting the depletion of antioxidants in high density polyethylene (HDPE) under sunlight using the reciprocity law." Geotextiles and Geomembranes 48, no. 2 (April 2020): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2019.11.009.
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Ali, Atif, Naveed Akhtar, and Haji Muhammad Shoaib Khan. "Assessment of Physical Stability and Antioxidant Activity of Polysiloxane Polyalkyl Polyether Copolymer-Based Creams." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/938042.
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The purpose of the present work was to investigate the changes on physical stability (color, creaming, liquefaction, pH, conductivity, centrifugation, viscosity and rheological parameters) by non-ionic surfactant polysiloxane polyalkyl polyether copolymer based creams following inclusion of plant extract containing phenolic compounds. The antioxidant activity of the plant extract alone and after addition in the cream was assessed using the stable free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Physical stability was assessed by submitting the creams to storage at 8°C, 25°C, 40°C, and at 40°C with 70% RH (relative humidity) for a period of two months. Physical characteristics of polysiloxane polyalkyl polyether copolymer based creams, that is, color, creaming, liquefaction, centrifugation and pH were noted at various intervals for 2 months. The viscosities and rheological behavior of creams were determined using a rotational rheometer. Data were analyzed by using Brookfield Software Rheocalc version (2.6) with IPC Paste and Power Law (PL) math models. Cream with plant extract showed pseudo plastic behaviour with decreasing on viscosity. TheAcacia nilotica(AN) extract alone and the cream containing this extract showed great antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities. Power Law and IPC analysis were found to fit all the rheograms.
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Sandoval‐Vargas, Leydy, Mauricio Silva Jiménez, Jennie Risopatrón González, Elías Figueroa Villalobos, Elsa Cabrita, and Iván Valdebenito Isler. "Oxidative stress and use of antioxidants in fish semen cryopreservation." Reviews in Aquaculture 13, no. 1 (July 24, 2020): 365–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/raq.12479.
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Del-Toro-Sánchez, Carmen Lizette, Nereyda Bautista-Bautista, José Luis Blasco-Cabal, Marisela Gonzalez-Ávila, Melesio Gutiérrez-Lomelí, and Myriam Arriaga-Alba. "Antimutagenicity of Methanolic Extracts fromAnemopsis californicain Relation to Their Antioxidant Activity." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/273878.
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Anemopsis californicahas been used empirically to treat infectious diseases. However, there are no antimutagenic evaluation reports on this plant. The present study evaluated the antioxidant activity in relation to the mutagenic and antimutagenic activity properties of leaf (LME) and stem (SME) methanolic extracts ofA. californicacollected in the central Mexican state of Querétaro. Antioxidant properties and total phenols of extracts were evaluated using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and Folin-Ciocalteu methods, respectively. Mutagenicity was evaluated using the Ames test employingSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium strains (TA98, TA100, and TA102), with and without an aroclor 1254 (S9 mixture). Antimutagenesis was performed against mutations induced on the Ames test with MNNG, 2AA, or 4NQO. SME presented the highest antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content. None of the extracts exhibited mutagenicity in the Ames test. The extracts produced a significant reduction in 2AA-induced mutations inS. typhimuriumTA98. In both extracts, mutagenesis induced by 4NQO or methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) was reduced only if the exposure of strains was <10 μg/Petri dish.A. californcaantioxidant properties and its capacity to reduce point mutations render it suitable to enhance medical cancer treatments. The significant effect against antimutagenic 2AA suggests that their consumption would provide protection against carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic compounds.
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Kao, Pai-Feng, Shwu-Huey Wang, Wei-Ting Hung, Yu-Han Liao, Chun-Mao Lin, and Wen-Bin Yang. "Structural Characterization and Antioxidative Activity of Low-Molecular-Weights Beta-1,3-Glucan from the Residue of ExtractedGanoderma lucidumFruiting Bodies." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/673764.
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The major cell wall constituent ofGanoderma lucidum(G. lucidum) isβ-1,3-glucan. This study examined the polysaccharide from the residues of alkaline-extracted fruiting bodies using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC), and it employed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) to confirm the structures. We have successfully isolated low-molecular-weightβ-1,3-glucan (LMG), in high yields, from the waste residue of extracted fruiting bodies ofG. lucidum. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay evaluated the capability of LMG to suppress H2O2-induced cell death in RAW264.7 cells, identifying that LMG protected cells from H2O2-induced damage. LMG treatment decreased H2O2-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. LMG also influenced sphingomyelinase (SMase) activity, stimulated by cell death to induce ceramide formation, and then increase cell ROS production. Estimation of the activities of neutral and acid SMasesin vitroshowed that LMG suppressed the activities of both neutral and acid SMases in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that LMG, a water-solubleβ-1,3-glucan recycled from extracted residue ofG. lucidum, possesses antioxidant capability against H2O2-induced cell death by attenuating intracellular ROS and inhibiting SMase activity.
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Sheiha, Asmaa M., Sameh A. Abdelnour, Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack, Asmaa F. Khafaga, Khaled A. Metwally, Jamaan S. Ajarem, Saleh N. Maodaa, Ahmed A. Allam, and Mohamed T. El-Saadony. "Effects of Dietary Biological or Chemical-Synthesized Nano-Selenium Supplementation on Growing Rabbits Exposed to Thermal Stress." Animals 10, no. 3 (March 4, 2020): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10030430.
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The adverse influences of elevated ambient temperatures during the summer season on the rabbit industry have received increased global attention. Therefore, this study intended to compare the potential effects of nano-selenium (nano-Se) synthesized by biological (BIO) and chemical (CH) methods on growth performance, carcass variables, serum metabolites, and inflammatory cytokines responses of growing rabbits in the summer season. Two hundred and fifty weaned rabbits (males, 35 days of age) were randomly divided into five treatment groups of 50 rabbits each (each group had five replicates with ten male rabbits). Treatment groups were fed a control diet and four controlled diets supplemented with nano-Se synthesized by biological method (BIO25 and BIO50, with a 25 and 50 mg of nano-Se/kg diet, respectively) and chemical method (CH25 and CH50, with a 25 and 50 mg of nano-Se/kg diet, respectively) for eight weeks. During 11 to 13 weeks of age, a gradual enhancement in live body weight (LBW), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was noticed with BIO25 and BIO50 treatments compared to those in the other groups. The carcass percentage was significantly higher (p < 0.01) for animals fed with BIO25 than the other groups. The other organ functions were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in heat-stressed groups compared to that of nano-Se groups. Increasing the level of only BIO from a 25 to a 50 mg/kg diet gave more improvement in the studied parameters. Additionally, the concentrations of serum urea, triglycerides (TG), and glutamyl transferase (GGT) were lower (p < 0.01) in both treated and untreated groups. Likewise, the supplementation with nano-Se (BIO25, BIO50, or CH25) significantly improved the antioxidant indices and inflammatory cytokines responses as indicated from serum metabolites. Based on the study results, nano-Se especially synthesized by the biological method at diet levels of 25 or 50 mg/kg improved the growth performance, kidney and liver functions, carcass traits, antioxidants indices, and inflammatory cytokines of growing rabbits during thermal stress.
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Ziaedini, A., A. Jafari, and A. Zakeri. "Extraction of Antioxidants and Caffeine from Green Tea (Camelia sinensis) Leaves: Kinetics and Modeling." Food Science and Technology International 16, no. 6 (December 2010): 505–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013210367567.
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The effects of temperature (50, 60, 70, 80, 90 °C) and time (5, 10, 20, 40, 80 min) on catechins and caffeine solubility in water from Iranian green tea were investigated, The best combinations of temperature and time extraction with water were 20—40 min, 80 °C for epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin (EC) and caffeine (Caff), and 80 min, 90 °C for catechin (C), epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). A mathematical model derived from Fick’s second law was then used to calculate the diffusivity of the components, and to monitor the effect of temperature on the diffusivities. The extraction of these components is governed by two diffusion processes: fast and slow. The results showed that the intra-particle diffusion was the rate-governing step of the extraction process. The slow stage diffusivities of these components at their optimum extraction temperatures were calculated as: 1.94e-9 (EGC), 8.1e-10 (EC), 3.9e-10 (Caff), 1.34e-8 (C), 4.2e-9 (ECG) and 4.63e-9 (EGCG).
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Aklakur, Mohammad. "Natural antioxidants from sea: a potential industrial perspective in aquafeed formulation." Reviews in Aquaculture 10, no. 2 (July 11, 2016): 385–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/raq.12167.
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SIMA OBIANG, Cédric, Rick-Léonid Ngoua-Meye-Misso, Guy-Roger Ndong-Atome, Joseph-Privat Ondo, Louis-Clément Obame-Engonga, and Edouard Nsi-Emvo. "Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of stem barks of Englerina gabonensis Engler and Sterculia tragacantha Lindl from Gabon." International Journal of Phytomedicine 9, no. 3 (September 2, 2017): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.5138/09750185.2124.
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<p>Aim of this work was to evaluate the phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of water-acetone, water-ethanol and water extracts of <em>Englerina gabonensis</em> and <em>Sterculia tragacantha</em>.Presence of phenols was evaluated to estimate the effects of plants on microbial diseases. Water-acetone, water-ethanol and water extracts were examined for antioxidant activities. All plant extracts were tested against six reference strains, eleven clinical isolates and two fungal strains.</p><p>Phenolic content were highest in the water-acetone and water-ethanol extracts from <em>Englerinagabonensis</em> in comparison with <em>Sterculia tragacantha</em>.The AAI (Antioxidant Activity Index)of water-acetone and water-ethanol extracts of <em>Englerina gabunensis</em> are superiors with 2. Plant extracts of <em>Sterculia tragacantha</em> show weak antioxidant activity (AAI < 0.5).The aqueous extract of <em>Englerina gabonensis </em>has a bactericidal effect on <em>Salmonella Spp</em>. Water-ethanol extract is bactericidal on <em>Bacillus cereus </em>LMG 13569 BHI, <em>Salmonella Spp</em>and <em>Neisseria meningitides. </em>Water-acetone extract presents a bactericidal activity on <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em>103907 CIP, <em>Escherichi coli</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em>and <em>Neisseria meningitides.</em></p><p>Our results suggest that <em>Englerina gabonensis</em> extracts contain greater antioxidant and antimicrobial properties than <em>Sterculia tragacantha </em>extracts.</p>
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Al Murad, Musa, Kaukab Razi, Byoung Ryong Jeong, Prakash Muthu Arjuna Samy, and Sowbiya Muneer. "Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) as Agricultural Lighting: Impact and Its Potential on Improving Physiology, Flowering, and Secondary Metabolites of Crops." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 12, 2021): 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041985.
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A reduction in crop productivity in cultivable land and challenging environmental factors have directed advancement in indoor cultivation systems, such that the yield parameters are higher in outdoor cultivation systems. In wake of this situation, light emitting diode (LED) lighting has proved to be promising in the field of agricultural lighting. Properties such as energy efficiency, long lifetime, photon flux efficacy and flexibility in application make LEDs better suited for future agricultural lighting systems over traditional lighting systems. Different LED spectrums have varied effects on the morphogenesis and photosynthetic responses in plants. LEDs have a profound effect on plant growth and development and also control key physiological processes such as phototropism, the immigration of chloroplasts, day/night period control and the opening/closing of stomata. Moreover, the synthesis of bioactive compounds and antioxidants on exposure to LED spectrum also provides information on the possible regulation of antioxidative defense genes to protect the cells from oxidative damage. Similarly, LEDs are also seen to escalate the nutrient metabolism in plants and flower initiation, thus improving the quality of the crops as well. However, the complete management of the irradiance and wavelength is the key to maximize the economic efficacy of crop production, quality, and the nutrition potential of plants grown in controlled environments. This review aims to summarize the various advancements made in the area of LED technology in agriculture, focusing on key processes such as morphological changes, photosynthetic activity, nutrient metabolism, antioxidant capacity and flowering in plants. Emphasis is also made on the variation in activities of different LED spectra between different plant species. In addition, research gaps and future perspectives are also discussed of this emerging multidisciplinary field of research and its development.