Academic literature on the topic 'Load bearing capacity in case of fire'
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Journal articles on the topic "Load bearing capacity in case of fire"
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Zhou, Ming, Xin Tang Wang, and Wan Zhen Wang. "Experimental Study of Mechanical Behavior of Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Short Columns after Fire." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 674–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.674.
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Mechanical behavior and bearing capacity of ordinary concrete filled steel tubular short column (NCSSC) and ceramsite concrete filled steel tubular short column (CCSSC) subjected to fire load are experimentally investigated. Effect of the parameters, such as the maximum value of fire temperatures, fire duration on the strength and ductility of the two types of specimens were especially discussed. The test results show that both of the specimens of NCSSC and CCSSC after fire have higher bearing capacity and better ductility, there was no descent segment in load-displacement curves of the most specimens after the fire load was subjected, and even the case that bearing load increased again after descent segment arose. It was concluded that the maximum response temperature of specimens and fire duration time has great effect on the axial bearing capacity of concrete-filled steel tubular short columns subjected to fire, and there is a turning point of temperature for the influence.
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Čechavičius, Rimantas. "INVESTIGATIONS IN THE STRENGTH OF PRESTRESSED MULTILAYERED BEAMS UNDER THE ACTION OF LONG-TERM SHEAR/MEDINIŲ IŠ ANKSTO ĮTEMPTŲJŲ DAUGIASLUOKSNIŲ SIJŲ STIPRUMAS VEIKIANT ILGALAIKĖMS SKERSINĖMS JĖGOMS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 4, no. 2 (June 30, 1998): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921525.1998.10531389.
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The results of long-term experiments are presented in the paper. As a result of the experiments, invention SU 1025831 was developed under the name “The method of manufacture of a timber load-bearing element” (E 04 C 3/12, priority since July 11, 1981). The objective of the experiments performed was to check the method of increase of load bearing capacity of glulam beams under the influence of long-term shear. 14 beams were tested: nine of them were multilayered and 5 made of board-package and square-sawn timber. All the beams failed because of the action of shear forces. Two beams were tested by static short loading, the rest twelve by long-term loading. Three beams, that have not failed because of the action of long-term loading, then were tested by short-term loading. From the tests of multilayered, glulam and solid square-sawn timber beams the decrease of the relative strength wood split alongside fibres under the action of long-term shear is bigger than that given in literature in case of standard experiments. Relationship of the level of decrease of this strength with the duration of long-term loading may be calculated according to the equation (2). The influence of long-term loading on the load-bearing capacity of these beams depends on the intensity of actions: if such a load does not cause the plastic deformations in the beam, their load-bearing capacity does not decrease and vice versa—the appearance of plastic deformations and micro-cracks means the decrease of load bearing capacity of the beam under a short-term shear. A short description of invention SU 1025831 is also presented in the paper. The invention is devoted to the perfection of the former invention No 954237. The latter one suggested an increase of load-bearing capacity of glulam elements under a short-term shear. Under a long-term load, or in case of fire, when the temperature and moisture around is changing, the strength of prestressed joint of these beams may not be fully guaranteed because of the influence of inner stresses and possible micro-cracking. With the purpose to increase the strength of beams under a long-term shear the author offers additionally to install pivots (Fig 6, 3) after giving prestress and full polymerisation. This method does not only increase the load-bearing capacity of multilayered elements under a long-term shear, but also ensures a higher reliability and fire resistance of such structures.
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Annamaneni, Krishna Kiran, Bhumika Vallabhbhai Dobariya, and Krasnikovs Andrejs. "CONCRETE, REINFORCED BY CARBON FIBRE COMPOSITE STRUCTURE, LOAD BEARING CAPACITY DURING CRACKING." ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 2 (June 17, 2021): 232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2021vol2.6655.
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Different authors conducted studies on fiber reinforced concretes (FRC) with carbon fibres of different lengths and some results showed that concrete mix with homogeneously distributed short fibres in their volume have good strength and ultra-strain compared to normal plain concrete mix. However, this study is focused more on 3-dimensional (3D) carbon fibre reinforced plastic (epoxy) CFRP composite thin rods frame used as a reinforcement in concrete which shows good increase in loadbearing and ductility. Were investigated concrete mixes with superplasticizer, nano-silica, quartz sand, fine natural sand and gravels. Diagonal cross bracing carbon fibre epoxy frames were used as a reinforcement giving better ductility results. Proposed study approach is to show that the reinforced concrete with provided materials have an increased performance in terms of ductility, sustainability, and load bearing in cracked statement. Total, four groups of concrete and each group with three beams were casted and tested in this experiment, three groups with three different shapes of carbon frames and three beams without frames to compare the mechanical properties after 28 days. Failure mechanisms in any particular case were analysed.
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Gernay, Thomas. "Fire Performance of Columns Made of Normal and High Strength Concrete: A Comparative Analysis." Key Engineering Materials 711 (September 2016): 564–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.711.564.
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The use of high strength concrete (HSC) in multi-story buildings has become increasingly popular. Selection of HSC over normal strength concrete (NSC) allows for reducing the dimensions of the columns sections. However, this reduction has consequences on the structural performance in case of fire, as smaller cross sections lead to faster temperature increase in the section core. Besides, HSC experiences higher rates of strength loss with temperature and a higher susceptibility to spalling than NSC. The fire performance of a column can thus be affected by selecting HSC over NSC. This research performs a comparison of the fire performance of HSC and NSC columns, based on numerical simulations by finite element method. The thermal and structural analyses of the columns are conducted with the software SAFIR®. The variation of concrete strength with temperature for the different concrete classes is adopted from Eurocode. Different configurations are compared, including columns with the same load bearing capacity and columns with the same cross section. The relative loss of load bearing capacity during the fire is found to be more pronounced for HSC columns than for NSC columns. The impact on fire resistance rating is discussed. These results suggest that consideration of fire loading limits the opportunities for use of HSC, especially when the objective is to reduce the dimensions of the columns sections.
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Bamonte, Patrick, Roberto Felicetti, Nataša Kalaba, Francesco Lo Monte, Nicholas Pinoteau, Md Jihad Miah, and Pierre Pimienta. "On the Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Walls Exposed to Fire." Key Engineering Materials 711 (September 2016): 580–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.711.580.
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The present work deals with numerical simulations concerning the international benchmark “Vulcain tests on 3 Walls” regarding fire tests conducted in CSTB in Paris, France. To this aim, sequentially-coupled thermo-mechanical analyses have been performed on three reinforced concrete walls, characterized by different load levels and boundary conditions. The numerical results show that the imposed compressive load and boundary conditions significantly influence the magnitude of the displacements. In the case of simply supported walls, the wall with the lower load level exhibited a gradual and monotonic increase of the displacements at mid-height (both in the tests and in the numerical analyses), while the wall with the higher load level exhibited a displacement reversal due to second-order effects after approximately 60 minutes of fire exposure. This reversal, which was obtained in the analyses, was not observed in the test. Load bearing capacity of all the three specimen walls was maintained in such a way that the collapse did not take place during two hours of fire exposure.
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Kinjo, H., T. Hirashima, S. Yusa, T. Horio, and T. Matsumoto. "Fire performance, including the cooling phase, of structural glued laminated timber beams." Journal of Structural Fire Engineering 7, no. 4 (December 12, 2016): 349–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-12-2016-024.
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Purpose Based on heating tests and load-bearing fire tests, this paper aims to discuss the charring rate, the temperature distribution in the section and the load-bearing capacity of structural glued laminated timber beams not only during the heating phase during a 1-h standard fire in accordance with ISO 834-1 but also during the cooling phase. Design/methodology/approach Heating tests were carried out to confirm the charring rate and the temperature distribution in the cross-section of the beams. Loading tests under fire conditions were carried out to obtain the load-deformation behavior (i.e. the stiffness, maximum load and ductility) of the beam. Findings The temperature at the centroid reached approximately 30°C after 1 h and then increased gradually until reaching 110-200°C after 4 h, during the cooling phase. The maximum load of the specimen exposed to a 1-h standard fire was reduced to approximately 30 per cent of that of the specimen at ambient temperature. The maximum load of the specimen exposed to a 1-h standard fire and 3 h of natural cooling in the furnace was reduced to approximately 14 per cent. In case of taking into consideration of the strength reduction at elevated temperature, the reduction ratio of the calculated bending resistance agreed with that of the test results during not only heating phase but also cooling phase. Originality/value The results of this study state that it is possible to study on strength reduction in cooling phase for end of heating, timber structural which has not been clarified. It is believed that it is possible to appropriately evaluate the fire performance, including the cooling phase of the timber structural.
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Šubic, Barbara, Gorazd Fajdiga, and Jože Lopatič. "Bending Stiffness, Load-Bearing Capacity and Flexural Rigidity of Slender Hybrid Wood-Based Beams." Forests 9, no. 11 (November 13, 2018): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9110703.
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Modern architecture suggests the use of opened spaces with large transparent envelope surfaces. Therefore, windows of long widths and large heights are needed. In order to withstand the wind loads, such wooden windows can be reinforced with stiffer materials, such as aluminium (Al), glass-fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP), and carbon-fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP). The bending stiffness, load-bearing capacity, and flexural rigidity of hybrid beams, reinforced with aluminium, were compared through experimental analysis, using a four-point bending tests method, with those of reference wooden beams. The largest increases in bending stiffness (29%–39%), load-bearing capacity (33%–45%), and flexural rigidity (43%–50%) were observed in the case of the hybrid beams, with the highest percentage of reinforcements (12.9%—six reinforcements in their tensile and six reinforcements in their compressive zone). The results of the experiments confirmed the high potential of using hybrid beams to produce large wooden windows, for different wind zones, worldwide.
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Bandehzadeh, Omid, Masoud Mirmohammad Sadeghi, Mohammad Ali Rowshanzamir, and Alborz Hajian Nia. "A comparison between performances of the behavioral models in evaluating load-bearing capacity of piles in fine-grained unsaturated soil." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 8, no. 1 (February 13, 2018): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2018_207.
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<p>Virtually all structural piles are installed on the top of groundwater level, and these piles are located on unsaturated soils. In this case, the negative orifice water pressure caused by capillarity significantly influences the mechanical behavior of unsaturated soils. Consequently, structural suction is highly important to load-bearing capacity of loads. In this paper, an evaluation was drawn between the Mohr-Coulomb, modified Cam-Clay, and Barcelona behavioral models using the finite-difference method, and results of studies conducted to estimate load-bearing capacity in the static state were provided. The behavioral model guidelines matched the laboratory models. To estimate soil vividness on the suction level of concern, the water-soil curve (showing suction patterns in relation to moisture) utilized. The general tendencies of settlement gotten by the numerical examination are reliable with pile insert test results. Results suggest that the Barcelona personality model (BBM) yields more realistic estimates of load capacity as it looks at the effect of unsaturated soil suction.</p>
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Голованов, Владимир Ильич, Андрей Владимирович Пехотиков, and Владимир Валерьевич Павлов. "Evaluation of fire-retardant effectiveness of coatings for steel structures." Pozharnaia bezopasnost`, no. 4(101) (December 7, 2020): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.pb.2020.101.4.004.
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Представлены результаты анализа экспериментальной и аналитической оценки огнезащитной эффективности покрытий для стальных конструкций. Обобщены данные многолетних исследований по определению зависимостей от температуры таких теплофизических характеристик, как теплопроводность и теплоемкость. Разработана структурно-методологическая схема выбора огнезащитных покрытий для стальных конструкций в целях обеспечения нормативных требований по огнестойкости. Проведены экспериментальные исследования по определению огнезащитной эффективности терморасширяющихся покрытий на эпоксидной основе при воздействии температурного режима горения углеводородов. Рассмотрен вопрос о гармонизации методики экспериментальной оценки огнезащитной эффективности средств огнезащиты для стальных конструкций с действующими европейскими нормами. Установлены критерии выбора пассивной огнезащиты, зависящие от области применения способов огнезащиты. Steel structures have high strength, relative lightness and durability, but when exposed to high temperatures in a fire, they deform, lose stability and load-bearing capacity. The collapse of load-bearing steel structures can occur in 10-15 minutes after the fire start. The actual fire resistance limit of structures can be increased by using the active and passive fire protection systems. The use of the active system for increasing the actual fire resistance limit is not provided in the regulatory documents. Passive fire protection is a complex of technical solutions including the use of non-flammable materials and bulging compounds. It is also an integral part of the building structure that ensures the required fire resistance limit. Assessment of fire resistance of building structures of residential, public, warehouse and industrial buildings is carried out taking into account the temperature regime (cellulose) of a standard fire. At oil and gas, petrochemical enterprises as well as at oil production platforms fires can occur at combustion of various hydrocarbon fuels which are characterized by a rapid temperature increase to 1100 °C. In this case, in accordance with GOST R EN 1363-2-2014, the temperature regime of hydrocarbon combustion is used to assess the fire resistance of building structures. The fire-retardant effectiveness of fire protection means for steel structures is determined by the heating time of the standard I-shaped column without applying a static load on the sample to the average “critical” temperature of the steel of 500 °C. Materials used for fire protection of steel structures must have a good thermal insulation ability, which is estimated by the coefficient of thermal conductivity. When heated to high temperatures, the thermal conductivity coefficient of fire-resistant materials varies depending on their composition and temperature. Based on the analysis of research to determine the fire-retardant effectiveness of fire protection means for steel structures there was developed a structural and methodological scheme that allows to make a choice of fire protection. Currently, as a fire protection there are widely used intumescent paints and thermo-expandable coatings. Taking into account the lack of knowledge of the influence of long-term operation and a large number of other technological factors on the fire-retardant effectiveness of coatings of steel structures covered with intumescent paints, it would be right to limit the use of such type of fire protection for load-bearing structures contributing to the overall sustainability of buildings with a required fire resistance of R 30. For fire protection of steel structures of oil and gas facilities located in the open air, in severe climatic conditions and exposed to aggressive environments there is successfully used a thermo-expandable two-component epoxy-based coating. The analysis of experimental data showed that the use of epoxy-based coatings is suitable for metal structures in the open air. In closed rooms the epoxy intumescent coating should not be used because at high temperature in a fire it ignites with toxic combustion products release.
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Šaučiuvėnas, Gintas, and Mečislovas Griškevičius. "THE BEHAVIOUR OF AXIAL COMPRESSION TIMBER ELEMENTS AT FIRE." Engineering Structures and Technologies 1, no. 1 (May 17, 2009): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/skt.2009.06.
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This investigation is intended for an experimental assessment of the fire resistance of the axially loaded timber members aff ected by open flames and for comparing those with design results obtained in accordance wiTheC5-1-2:2005 provisions. Diff erently from metal or reinforced concrete structures, the longitudinal strains of timber at elevated temperature are negligible. A decrease in the bearing resistance of the timber member is associated with diminishing the cross section at the later stages of heat exposure. The process of diminishing the cross section leads to buckling an element or the other mode of fracture. The necessity of special equipment and a great quantity of smoke during an experiment are big problems for researching timber members under fire conditions. Therefore, practically it is impossible to use standard test equipment applied for testing steel or reinforced concrete members at elevated temperature. When researching the behaviour of axially loaded timber members under fire conditions, the furnace was specially designed to use a gas burner to provide the heating of specimen. The furnace was constructed from a special devise for loading the specimen and keeping it at required load level during the test. All timber specimens were of the same cross-section (50mm × 50mm) and length (1.2m). The compression specimens were pin-ended using spherical hinges. Fire resistance and the mode of failure were estimated during the test. The failure of axial compression specimens exposed to fire from one side is based upon diminishing the cross-section, a decrease in compression strength and the modulus of elasticity. In this case, the deflection of specimens follows flame direction. Design value fire resistance for timber elements was calculated using (EC 5-1-2:2005) provisions for the reduced cross-section. The calculation of load-bearing capacity was performed for axially loaded timber elements. The data required for design such as cross-sectional reduction due to charring and timber shrinkage was measured after testing fire.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Load bearing capacity in case of fire"
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Rezai, Zahra. "Förutsättningar för byte av skivmaterial i regelstomsystem - brandsäkerhetsperspektiv." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-98588.
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Bostadsbristen ökar i samhället och många byggföretag vill hitta en lösning som gör att det går att tillverka snabbare, billigare och säkrare byggnader. Att bygga moduler med trästomme är en lösning men användning av trä kräver särskilda kunskaper när det gäller brandskydd. Att skydda trästomme med gipsskivor kan vara en metod för att öka brandsäkerheten. Syftet med studien är att undersöka om Vida Building AB kan byta ut den bärande väggkonstruktionen i deras volymelement där reglarna skyddas av två gipsskivor av typ A med tjockleken 12,5 och en plywoodskiva med tjockleken 12,5 mm, mot en skiva av märket Fermacell, en så kallad fibergipsskiva. Bärförmågan har beräknats efter 60 minuters brand i väggkonstruktionen när gips-och plywoodskivor bytts mot skivor av Fermacell. Bestämning av bärförmågan hos konstruktionen gjordes med hjälp av två beräkningsmodeller. Resultatet visar att det går att använda en Fermacell skiva på 18 mm om reglarnas dimensioner ökas från 45x95 mm till 45x120 mm eller till 45x145 mm. Alternativt kan en bärförmåga motsvarande den för nuvarande konstruktion erhållas om två skivor av Fermacell med tjockleken 12,5 mm används.
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Hansson, Daniel. "Nonlinear FEM load bearing capacity of a concrete bridge subjected to support settlements : Case of a continuous slab bridge with angled supports." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-142822.
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A nonlinear finite element analysis was performed for an existing road bridge in order to see if that could show a higher load bearing capacity, as an alternative to repairing or replacing. The regular linear analysis had shown that the bridge could not take any traffic load due to the effects from large and uneven support settlements. It is a five-span reinforced concrete bridge with a continuous slab on supports made out of rows of columns. The width-to-span ratio was around 1 and the supports were angled up to about 30°, giving rise to a complex three-dimensional behaviour, which was seen and studied in the nonlinear results. Since the bending moment was the limiting factor, the nonlinear analysis focused on that. The direct result was that the load bearing capacity was 730 kN for the traffic vehicle boogie load, B, in the ultimate limit state. This was however only for the load case tested, and several more disadvantageous vehicle positions may exist. Other aspects also became limiting, as the maximum allowed vertical deflection in the serviceability limit state was reached at 457 kN. The most restraining though, was the shear capacity from the linear analysis; 78 kN, since it was not possible to simulate that type of failure with the shell elements used in the nonlinear finite element analysis. The main aim of the thesis was nonetheless reached, since the nonlinear analysis was able to show a significant increase in load bearing capacity. A comparison was made with the settlements for the nonlinear case, to see how much influence they had on the load bearing capacity for traffic load. This was performed for both the bridge and a simple two-span beam. Both showed that there was no effect on the load bearing capacity in the ultimate limit. One thing to note was that the full settlements were applied, and with no relaxation due to creep. Another aim of the thesis was to make comments on the practical usability of the nonlinear finite element method in load bearing capacity assessments. A linear analysis was performed before the nonlinear in order to be able to determine the load case to be used in the latter. This worked well, as the strengths of the two methods could then be utilized. Convergence problems were however encountered for the nonlinear when using the regular static solver. Due to this, the dynamic explicit calculation scheme was used instead, treating the case as quasi-static. This managed to produce enough usable results. It was concluded that the nonlinear finite element method is useable for assessment calculations, but that its strengths and weaknesses must be known in order to make it an efficient method.
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Issa, Angelo, Maher Machhadi, and Mircea Barbu. "YTBEHANDLADE TRÄELEMENT : En studie av brandskydd, bärförmåga, pris och miljöpåverkan av ytbehandlade träelement." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55197.
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The current Swedish building code (Boverkets Byggregler, BBR) is very strict regarding fire-safety in high-rise timber structures because of the heightened risk of fast flame spread or structural failure in case of fire. Fire safety solutions, that are used in timber structures must therefore be optimal to contain flames from spreading in the event of fire. The current building code requires that load-bearing elements must withhold their load-bearing capacity for 60 minutes under fire. The purpose of this study was to research the effect that different fire-retardant surface treatments, have on fire protection of a load bearing, laminated timber element. Thereafter, a short analysis was made on the environmental impact of the fire-retardant surface-treatments in question and finally, a cost analysis and comparison were conducted with regard to different fire-safety solutions such as fire-resistant gypsum board and a combination of fire-resistant gypsum board and stone-wool. The methods used in this study are a combination of theoretical reviews and theoretical calculations. A theoretical review was conducted in order to collect the information needed to understand the behavior of timber under fire, the impact of fire-resistant surface treatments on fire protection, and the environmental impact of the actual surface treatments. Therefore, a series of theoretical calculations were made in accordance with European standards (Eurocodes) in order to present the impact in numbers. The calculations made were concerning a laminated timber beam with the dimensions of 145 x 450 x 6000 [mm] and took into account the remaining cross-section of the timber element under various timestamps during fire with regard to fire-stage, charring-rate, and fire coating. The results of this study indicate that the moment-capacity and shear-capacity of an untreated beam decrease constantly under fire and does not fulfill the requirements of the Swedish building code. Thereafter, in case that the same timber beam is fire-treated with a fire-retardant surface treatment. The moment-capacity is observed to increase in the first stage of fire, were the fire-protection of the surface-retardant treatment is still in action. Therefore, after fire-protection ceases, the moment-capacity of the timber beam is calculated to decrease in different rates with regard to fire-stage. The shear capacity of the treated beam is calculated to decrease under fire with a time-displacement of 30 & 60 minutes in comparison to the untreated element. The conclusions are that the studied surface treated timber beam and the actual fire treatments fulfill the requirements of the Swedish building code. Have insignificant environmental impact and are in comparison to other solutions cheaper.
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Hansson, Daniel. "Nonlinear FEM load bearing capacity assessment of a concrete bridge subjected to support settlements : Case of a continious slab bridge with angled supports." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-138515.
Full textAbstract:
A nonlinear finite element analysis was performed for an existing road bridge in order to see if that could show a higher load bearing capacity, as an alternative to repairing or replacing. The regular linear analysis had shown that the bridge could not take any traffic load due to the effects from large and uneven support settlements. It is a five-span reinforced concrete bridge with a continuous slab on supports made out of rows of columns. The width-to-span ratio was around 1 and the supports were angled up to about 30°, giving rise to a complex three-dimensional behaviour, which was seen and studied in the nonlinear results. Since the bending moment was the limiting factor, the nonlinear analysis focused on that. The direct result was that the load bearing capacity was 730 kN for the traffic vehicle boogie load, B, in the ultimate limit state. This was however only for the load case tested, and several more disadvantageous vehicle positions may exist. Other aspects also became limiting, as the maximum allowed vertical deflection in the serviceability limit state was reached at 457 kN. The most restraining though, was the shear capacity from the linear analysis; 78 kN, since it was not possible to simulate that type of failure with the shell elements used in the nonlinear finite element analysis. The main aim of the thesis was nonetheless reached, since the nonlinear analysis was able to show a significant increase in load bearing capacity. A comparison was made with the settlements for the nonlinear case, to see how much influence they had on the load bearing capacity for traffic load. This was performed for both the bridge and a simple two-span beam. Both showed that there was no effect on the load bearing capacity in the ultimate limit. One thing to note was that the full settlements were applied, and with no relaxation due to creep. Another aim of the thesis was to make comments on the practical usability of the nonlinear finite element method in load bearing capacity assessments. A linear analysis was performed before the nonlinear in order to be able to determine the load case to be used in the latter. This worked well, as the strengths of the two methods could then be utilized. Convergence problems were however encountered for the nonlinear when using the regular static solver. Due to this, the dynamic explicit calculation scheme was used instead, treating the case as quasi-static. This managed to produce enough usable results. It was concluded that the nonlinear finite element method is useable for assessment calculations, but that its strengths and weaknesses must be known in order to make it an efficient method.
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Tsao, Min-Chu, and 曹敏莒. "A Study of the bearing capacity of pre-bored PC pile based on SPT N values - a case of pile load tests in Ta Lin power station site." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30604628308148016352.
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碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
營建工程研究所
101
This study used results of the pile load test obtained from construction sites in Talin Power Plant and China Steel Corporation to analyze the soil characteristics and to discuss the bearing capacity of pre-bored PC piles. It also refer to variant formulas for evaluating pile bearing capacity by N values of soil to derive applicable empirical formula by regression analysis. In compare to former empirical formulas and cases as well as cross-checking parameters, the results is applicable for reference on design, planning, construction characteristic, improvement mechanism, scope of application and specifying construction parameter of areas with similar environmental factor and soil condition. The results are also useful on design and construction of pre-bored PC piles in Taipower’s projects or other construction projects to save cost and expedite work. For the side resistance of ultimate load capacity of pre-bored PC piles, the results show that α value (i.e., f/N) varies with the depth of pile. By analyzing data collected from pile load tests, the formula of side resistance was derived on the basis of the relation between α and N as well as the correlative function of α and depth d. With identical method to derive tip capacity, then, the formula of ultimate load capacity (Qu) of pre-bored PC piles is concluded as follows, Qu＝10*N*Ab +Σα*NS*LS*Φ (sandy soils) +Σ NS*LS*Φ (clay) For verification, the data taken from related load test cases were substituted into derived formula and empirical formulas in Building Technical Regulations (2001), Japanese Seismic Design Specifications for Highway Bridges (1996) and CSC method (2008), and apply comparative analysis approach to investigate the differences on varied bearing capacity formulas evaluated by N values of soil. Then, the ultimate bearing capacity formula obtained in this study was verified.
Books on the topic "Load bearing capacity in case of fire"
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Pugh, Edwin V. Load bearing capacity of alder, spruce and hemlock tail trees. 1985.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Load bearing capacity in case of fire"
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Jovanović, Balša, and Ruben Van Coile. "Probabilistic Characterization of the Axial Load Bearing Capacity of a Concrete Column Exposed to the Standard Fire." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 563–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73616-3_43.
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Tesker, Efim I. "Improvement of Methods of Design and Analysis of Load-Carrying Capacity of Case-Hardened Cageless Bearing Units for Power Drives of Mobile Machines." In New Approaches to Gear Design and Production, 461–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34945-5_21.
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Pawłowski, K., R. Świerzko, and A. Włóka. "Determination reserve of bearing capacity for steel, with influence of long-term fatigue load, used in structures in case of a fire." In Metal Structures 2016, 253–60. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b21417-35.
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Kanda, Toru, Hitoshi Tajima, Takeshi Morita, and Masahiko Kishida. "Study on the deformation and load bearing capacity of TBM shield tunnel lining in fire." In Underground Space Use. Analysis of the Past and Lessons for the Future. Taylor & Francis, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/noe0415374521.ch118.
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Van Coile, R., R. Caspeele, P. Criel, L. Wang, G. P. Balomenos, M. D. Pandey, and A. Strauss. "Computationally efficient estimation of the probability density function for the load bearing capacity of concrete columns exposed to fire." In Life-Cycle of Engineering Systems, 1117–24. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315375175-142.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Load bearing capacity in case of fire"
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Siebert, Geralt. "Fire safe glazing with additional requirements." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.1183.
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<p>An essential element of fire protection, in addition to the appropriate design of load‐bearing components (fire resistance), is the subdivision of buildings into fire compartments. In modern architecture is a demand for transparent fire‐resistant components, which are then made of glass. Verifications of the load‐bearing capacity against static loads such as wind usually are done by calculation whereas fire resistance is proofed by tests. In most cases, fire‐resistant glass has no further proof, transparent glass components are either classified for fire or to meet other special requirements such as fall protection (e.g. for floor‐ceiling façade elements) or “walk‐ on”. The paper gives an overview about the possibilities to fulfill the requirements for static glass design (including fall protection and walk‐on element) as well as for fire protection, respectively. To complete the picture, examples of realized projects are presented. For several types of vertical and horizontal fire‐protective glazing, testing to verify impact resistance were carried out. For a walk‐on‐overhead‐glazing installed in a subway station testing in a furnace against fire and in laboratory against walking people was done.</p>
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Ni, Shuna, Ruben Van Coile, Danny Hopkin, Negar Elhami Khorasani, and Thomas Gernay. "Sensitivity Studies of the Resilience of RC Columns to Various Fire Scenarios." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.0732.
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<p>Reinforced concrete (RC) structures generally fare well under fire, but exhibit damage and residual deformations which require repairs. Besides the repair cost, the building downtime can also be expensive. However, current fire design approaches focus solely on life safety, and do not consider resilience. To improve post-fire performance of buildings, recover functionality, and facilitate fast reuse, an important step is to develop a predictive capability for the effect of a fire event on residual deformations and load-bearing capacity in structures. This research investigates the residual deformations in RC buildings after a fire, with a focus on the columns as one of the key structural members. The case study is a five-story RC frame building with a fire developing on the first story. Thermo-structural finite element analyses were used to analyze the columns performance under various fires. The sensitivity of the RC columns’ responses to main parameters related to fire characteristics, material properties and mechanical loading was analyzed. Based on the sensitivity studies, the most critical parameters were determined for the vulnerability of the RC columns to the different fire scenarios. These critical parameters will be used for the subsequent probabilistic damage evaluation of the RC columns and their design alternatives. The results will contribute to improved understanding of the effects of fire on the resilience of RC buildings and infrastructure, as well as the identification of designs which provide enhanced post-fire performance.</p>
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Stryzhalo, Volodymyr, Maksym Zarazovskii, Andrii Bohdan, Zakhar Yaskovets, and Vitalii Antonchenko. "Estimation of the Load Carrying Capacity of the Bellows Compensator for Gas Pipelines in the Areas of Mining Production." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21738.
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Abstract The stress state of pipelines in areas of mine production requires obligatory consideration the influence of ground displacements. In this case the rules for design pipelines include the additional actions, such as the wall thickness increasing or U-shaped compensators installation. The Ukrainian coal mining industry requires the expanding of mine production areas. It leads to the situation where old pipelines, which are not designed for such loads, could rupture due to ground displacements. The principle of “extinguish a fire” is applied in this case. It consists in applying of stress reduction actions before certain stage of mine production (so-called lava), such as digging out long sections, cutting and sanding, which require the involvement of significant human and material resources. But, in some cases, even the large-scale application of these actions does not lead to the stress reduction to the acceptable level (especially for pipelines of diameter less then 200mm). So, to solve this problem the implementation of bellow compensators (BC) is proposed. The present work consists of: • experimental investigations of BC which are carried out in order to obtain its bearing capacity and to validate its designed parameters guaranteed by the manufacturer; • simulation of the BC loading process using FEM with adjusting the way of contact modelling between the BC layers in such manner, to be best correlate with the results of experiments; • the application of obtained results for modelling of stress state of real pipelines in the areas of coal mine production. The results of experimental investigation of BC of DN100 is presented. Their include: hydrotest with axial displacements limitation; tension-compression cycles for different values of amplitude with simultaneously loading of the operating value of gas pipeline internal pressure; rupture pressure determination. Based on the experimental results, numerical modelling and specified domestic software for stress state assessment in pipelines the optimal locations and the required number of BCs is determined for buried gas pipelines. The results of presented works allowed us not only to implement the BCs to gas pipelines DN100 in areas of mine productions, but also the necessary experience for creation of larger diameters BCs is obtained.
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Franssen, Jean-Marc, and Venkatesh Kodur. "Residual Load Bearing Capacity of Structures Exposed to Fire." In Structures Congress 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40558(2001)89.
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Prokeš, Jan, Iva Rozsypalová, František Girgle, Petr Daněk, and Petr Štěpánek. "Residual load-bearing capacity of fire-exposed concrete beams reinforced with FRP bars." In SPECIAL CONCRETE AND COMPOSITES 2020: 17th International Conference. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0042799.
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Chatterton, S., P. Pennacchi, A. Vania, E. Tanzi, and R. Ricci. "Characterization of Five-Pad Tilting-Pad Journal Bearings Using an Original Test-Rig." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48166.
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Tilting-pad journal bearings are installed with increased frequency owing to their dynamic stability characteristics in several rotating machine applications, typically in high rotating speed cases. This usually happens for new installations in highspeed compressors or during revamping operations of steam and gas turbines for power generation. The selection from a catalogue, or the design of a new bearing, requires the knowledge of the bearing characteristics such as babbitt metal temperatures, fluid-film thickness, load capacity, stiffness and damping coefficients. Temperature and fluid-film thickness are essential for the safety of the bearing. Babbitt metal is subject to creep at high temperatures, as it happens at high speed operations. On the contrary, at low speed or with high loads, oil-film thickness could be too low, resulting in metal to metal contact. Oil-film dynamic coefficients are largely responsible of the dynamic behaviour and of the stability of the rotor-tilting-pad-bearing system. Therefore, the theoretical evaluation and/or the experimental estimation of these coefficients are mandatory in the design phase. The theoretical evaluation of these coefficients for tilting pad journal bearings is difficult due to their complex geometry, boundary and thermal conditions and turbulent flow, whereas an experimental characterization requires a suitable test rig. The paper describes the test rig designed to this purpose and its unusual configuration with respect to other test rigs available in literature. Some preliminary tests performed for the bearing characterization are also shown.
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Koide, Takao, Koji Tsubokura, Satoshi Oda, and Chiaki Namba. "Load Bearing Capacity of Super-Carburized Gears." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/ptg-48016.
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This paper describes a study on the load bearing capacity of super-carburized gears. Test gears and rollers of MAC14 and SCM415 steels were super or eutectoid-carburized under different carburizing conditions. The impact and bending fatigue tests for test gears and the contact fatigue test for test rollers were carried out. The effects of case depths on the impact and bending fatigue strengths of gears and the surface durability of rollers were determined. The impact breaking limit energy of super-carburized gears was found to be larger by about 15% than that of eutectoid-carburized gears irrespective of case depth. The bending fatigue strength of the super-carburized gear was found to be almost equal to that of the eutectoid-carburized gear. The surface durability of the super-carburized roller becomes larger with an increase of case depth and is larger than that of eutectoid-carburized rollers in the case of larger case depth. The surface failure modes for super and eutectoid-carburized rollers were spalling. The load bearing capacity of super and eutectoid-carburized gears was found to become larger by shot-peening.
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Buchhorn, Nico, Sebastian Kukla, Beate Bender, and Marc Neumann. "Tilting-Pad Journal Bearing in Hybrid Operation: A Numerical and Experimental Investigation." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-75256.
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Large turbine bearings are usually equipped with hydrostatic jacking mechanisms to separate bearing and shaft during transient start-stop procedures. They are turned off once hydrodynamic operation is reached. In some cases, under severe operating conditions, the hydrostatic oil supply is kept running although the rotor already runs in full speed. The supplied amount of jacking oil is very small compared to the regular oil supply. However, experimental data of a large tilting-pad bearing shows that this hybrid operation has a considerable impact on the load carrying capacity in terms of lower pad temperature and larger film thickness. In this paper, a theoretical investigation to analyse the effect of increased load carrying capacity of a large tilting-pad journal bearing in hybrid operation is presented. The increase is driven by three different aspects: 1) hydrostatic pressure component, 2) increase in lubricant viscosity due to the injection of cold oil, 3) decrease of temperature gradients and thus thermal pad deformation. Subject of the approach is a ø500 mm five-pad, rocker-pivot tilting-pad journal bearing in flooded lubrication mode. The experiments are carried out on the Bochum test rig for large turbine bearings. The theoretical analyses are performed with a simulation code solving the Reynolds and energy equations for the oil film and calculating the thermomechanical pad deformations simultaneously. By considering each of the three above aspects separately and in combination, their share of load increase can be assessed individually. Contrary to expectations, the results indicate that the increase is not mostly based on the hydrostatic pressure component. Instead, the advantageously decreased pad deformations make the largest contribution to the increased load carrying capacity while the alteration in viscosity shows the least impact.
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Liu, Faqi, Hua Yang, and Sumei Zhang. "Fire and post-fire performance of circular steel tube confined reinforced concrete columns." In 12th international conference on ‘Advances in Steel-Concrete Composite Structures’ - ASCCS 2018. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/asccs2018.2018.7002.
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Fire and post-fire behaviours of reinforced concrete columns confined by circular steel tubes, also known as circular steel tube confined reinforced concrete (STCRC) columns, are investigated in this paper. 5 full-scale specimens exposed to fire and 47 specimens after fire exposure were tested. Temperatures across the sections, displacement versus time curves, fire resistance, load versus displacement responses and load-bearing capacities were measured and discussed. A finite element (FE) model was developed using the program ABAQUS, and validated against the test results from the present study. Simplified design methods were proposed for predicting the fire resistance and residual load-bearing capacity of the STCRC columns under and after fire exposure, respectively.
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Zhou, Xuan, and Kai Yuan. "Preliminary Analysis of Pressure Bearing Capacity for a Typical Prestressed Concrete Containment." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67707.
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In this paper, the pressure bearing capacity of containment is analyzed to support the severe accident management guidelines development. The finite element model of containment is established. The concrete, the steel liner, and the prestressed tendons models are developed. The ordinary steel bars are in an integrated model with concrete. The prestressed tendons and concrete are connected by constraint equations. Self-weight case, prestressing load case, and internal pressure loads cases are analyzed. Results show that in the self-weight case, the containment is compressed slightly, which can improve the pressure capacity of the containment. In the prestressing loads case, the containment is much more compressed comparing with the self-weight case. In the internal pressure cases, the high stress areas occurred around the equipment hatch.
Reports on the topic "Load bearing capacity in case of fire"
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PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE RESISTANCE OF STEEL FRAMED BUILDINGS UNDER EXTREME EVENTS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2021.17.3.10.
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This paper presents experimental and theoretical investigations on progressive collapse behavior of steel framed structures subjected to an extreme load such as fire, blast and impact. A new capacity-based index is proposed to quantify robustness of structures. An energy-based theoretical model is also proposed to quantify the effect of concrete slabs on collapse resistance of structures. The experimental results show that the dynamic amplification factors of frames subject to impact or blast are much less than the conventional value of 2.0. The collapse process of frames in fire can be either static or dynamic depending on the restraint conditions and load levels. It is necessary to account for the failure time and residual strength of blast-exposed columns for assessing the collapse resistance of structures subject to explosion. Two collapse modes of steel frames under blast or impact are found: connection-induced collapse mode and column-induced collapse mode. In case of fire, a frame may collapse due to either column buckling or pulling-in effect of beams. The energy dissipation from elongation of slab reinforcement and additional resultant moment greatly contribute to the collapse resistance of structures.