Journal articles: 'Load-bearing structure'

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Vojtekova, Eva. "Load Bearing Structures of Glass Single-Storey Buildings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 820 (January 2016): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.820.39.

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Since the period of application curtain wall on skeleton buildings, small single–storey buildings are the great topic for architects. By various means architects have effort to create an impression of floating roof structure, or an illusion of levitating roof over the country. The effect of transparent space, overlapping interior and exterior, is possible to achieve by use of various structural schemes and materials of support structure. Nowadays single-storey transparent buildings are regarded as a phenomenon, which presents progress in architecture from the point of dematerialization of support structures and details of secondary transparent structures. Glass is in contemporary transparent curtain walls used not only as a material of the building skin, but also as the material of the support structure in various structural elements within hierarchy of the load bearing structure. Flat glass sheets forming the building skin could be within the suitable chosen shape of enclosed envelope also load bearing structure.

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Toh, William, Yee Ling Yap, Rahul Koneru, Nur Adilah Plemping, Chin Mian Lim, Kirk Ming Yeoh, Jia Shing Lee, Rongming Lin, and Teng Yong Ng. "An investigation on internal lightweight load bearing structures." International Journal of Computational Materials Science and Engineering 07, no. 04 (December 2018): 1850025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2047684118500252.

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This paper investigates the differences in structural response of lightweight internal structures using finite element (FE) simulation to provide quantitative comparison of the advantages of each type of structure. Various configurations, corresponding to different amounts of weight savings, were studied under distributed pressure loading and bending moment loading conditions. It was found that for configurations with less weight savings, the kagome possesses better performance than the honeycomb structure. However, as the amount of weight savings increases, the trend was observed to be reversed, with the honeycomb structure providing much better performance than the kagome structure. In general, it was shown that the honeycomb structure possesses better performance than the kagome structure under cantilever loading conditions.

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Feng, H., L. Zu, Y. Zhang, Y. Ou, Y. Liang, and J. Han. "The Structure Optimization of Test-Bed for Load Bearing Performance of Harmonic Gear Drive." International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering 8, no. 6 (December 2016): 517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijcte.2016.v8.1099.

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Huang, Qunyi, John Orr, Yanxia Huang, Feng Xiong, and Hongyu Jia. "Seismic performance of a load-bearing prefabricated composite wall panel structure for residential construction." Advances in Structural Engineering 23, no. 13 (June 6, 2020): 2928–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433220927257.

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To improve both seismic performance and thermal insulation of low-rise housing in rural areas of China, this study proposes a load-bearing prefabricated composite wall panel structure that achieves appropriate seismic performance and energy efficiency using field-assembled load-bearing prefabricated composite wall panels. A 1:2 scale prototype built using load-bearing prefabricated composite wall panel is subjected to quasi-static testing so as to obtain damage characteristics, load-bearing capacity and load–displacement curves in response to a simulated earthquake. As a result, seismic performance indicators of load-bearing capacity, deformation and energy-dissipating characteristics, are assessed against the corresponding seismic design requirements for rural building structures of China. Experimental results indicate that the earthquake-resistant capacity of the prototype is 68% higher than the design value. The sample has a ductility factor of 4.7, which meets the seismic performance requirement mandating that the ductility factor of such concrete structures should exceed 3. The design can be further optimized to save the consumption of material. This shows that the load-bearing prefabricated composite wall panel structure developed here has decent load-bearing capacity, ductility and energy dissipation abilities, a combination of which is in line with the seismic design code. A new construction process proposed here based on factory prefabrication and field assembly leads to a considerable reduction of energy consumption.

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Stupishin, Yulianovich, Vasilyevich Masalov, and Feodor Altukhov. "Remote surveillance of shell structure load-bearing capacity." Istrazivanja i projektovanja za privredu 15, no. 3 (2017): 350–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jaes15-14655.

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Palacz, Przemysław, and Maciej Major. "Analysis of the skeleton tension structure as the load-bearing structure of a one-nave hall." E3S Web of Conferences 281 (2021): 01025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128101025.

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In designing cubature buildings, an important stage is the selection of an appropriate construction solution, depending on the intended use and location of the designed building. When selecting the load-bearing structures, the designers strive to ensure that the structure weighs as little as possible, while meeting the strength conditions and ensuring the safe operation of the building. The article compares the load-bearing systems of the steel structure of a one-nave hall due to the economy of execution and meeting the ULS and SLS conditions. The analysis was carried out on four types of transverse system, including three frame systems with tendons and for a frame system with a lattice transom of the “N” type. Static calculations as well as dimensioning and optimization of the transverse load-bearing structures were performed in RFEM program, modelling the hall structure in 3D.

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Fomin, Oleksij, Alyona Lovska, Dmytro Ivanchenko, Sergii Zinchenko, and Václav Píštěk. "STUDY OF LOADING OF THE LOAD-BEARING STRUCTURE OF HOPPER WAGONS ON Y25 BOGIES." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 2 (March 29, 2021): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2021.001686.

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To increase the efficiency of using railway transport, the possibility of using new designs of bogies, for example, Y25 under "wide gauge" wagons was considered. In order to substantiate the proposed solution, mathematical modeling of the dynamic loading of the hopper wagon Y25 bogies was carried out. A hopper wagon for the transportation of pellets and hot sinter model 20-9749 built by the State Enterprise "Ukrspetsvagon" (Ukraine) was chosen as a prototype. The simulation results showed that the use of Y25 bogies for hopper wagons allows to reduce the acceleration of its load-bearing structure, in comparison with the use of conventional 18100 bogies, by 36 %. Other performance indicators are also significantly improved. The use of Y25 bogies for hopper wagons with actual parameters allows to reduce the acceleration of its load-bearing structure, in comparison with the use of conventional 18100 bogies, by 28 %. The determination of the main indicators of the strength of the bearing structure of the hopper wagon Y25 bogie was carried out. The calculation was carried out in the SolidWorks Simulation software package (CosmosWorks), (France), which implements the finite element method. The calculations showed that the maximum equivalent stresses in the load-bearing structure of a hopper wagon with nominal parameters are 17 % lower than the stress acting in the load-bearing structure of a wagon on bogies 18–100 V of the load-bearing structure of a hopper wagon with actual parameters, the maximum equivalent stresses are 12 % lower per voltage in the load-bearing structure on bogies 18100. The conducted research will help to reduce the load on the load-bearing structures of hopper wagons in operation, improve the dynamics and strength indicators, as well as their service life

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Qin, Wang, Zhang, Guan, Zhang, and Xu. "Occurrence Characteristic and Mining Technology of Ultra-thick Coal Seam in Xinjiang, China." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 17, 2019): 6470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226470.

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The scientific and efficient mining of ultra-thick coal seam in Xinjiang, China is faced with the problems of low exploration level and lack of theoretical research on underground mining. This paper studied occurrence characteristic of ultra-thick coal seams in Xinjiang, using field investigation and drilling exploration. Based on the variation law of support load under different roof bearing structure form and development height in multi-layer mining, classification method and mining technology selection of ultra-thick coal seam were put forward. The results indicate that: 1) The ultra-thick coal seams in Xinjiang have a distribution characteristic of more north and less south, more east and less west, mainly concentrate in East Junggar and Turpan-Harmi coalfields. The form of the ultra-thick coal seam has the remarkable characteristic of coal seams merging and bifurcating. 2) The mechanical model of the relationship between the support and surrounding rock under different roof bearing structures is established. At the early stage of multi-layer mining, the support load includes the load caused by rotary subsidence of the blocks that formed the near-stope roof bearing structure and the gravity load of rock blocks under roof bearing structure. At the later stage, the support load is mainly gravity load of loose blocks below the far-stope roof bearing structure. 3) According the roof bearing structure form, ultra-thick coal seam can be divided into three types: no stable bearing structure, (higher) beam bearing structure and arch bearing structure. In order to ensure the stability of near-stope roof bearing structure, backfill mining, longwall mining, and longwall mining early and backfill mining later should be adopted in three types ultra-thick coal seams mining respectively.

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Onopiuk, Sławomir, and Adam Stolarski. "Analysis of load bearing structure of selected hall buildings." MATEC Web of Conferences 284 (2019): 09005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928409005.

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In this paper the issues associated with correct design of hall buildings has been presented. Large span roof structures require a particularly careful approach to design issues. In this paper examples of two building hall were presented. In the first example, the construction disaster occurred, while in the second of presented buildings due to the changes introduced while construction has been protected against such disaster. The first of the analyzed cause concerns storage hall, whose roof structure has been destroyed due to heavy rainfall. The main cause of this disaster was the malfunction of vacuum roof drainage system compounded by a number of design errors. Mentioned errors were not eliminated, during construction, despite the additional investor supervision, which was independent of parties involved in a construction process. The second case concerns the structure of a sports hall, which was built next to the existing school. Under construction of the hall building, the contractor and the supervision inspector, in conjunction with the designer, introduced a number of modifications of the structure to prevent the disaster. These modifications were a direct result of errors at the design stage, which were eliminated under the construction works. Based on analyzed cases, the scope of diagnostics, which should be performed during the operation of hall buildings with large roof areas, was determined.

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Johnston, William, Pulitha Godakawela Kankanamalage, and Bhisham Sharma. "3D printed multifunctional, load-bearing, low-frequency sound absorbers." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 5605–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-3177.

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Cellular porous materials are an attractive choice for lightweight structural design. However, though their open porous architecture is ideally suited for multifunctional applications, their use is typically limited by the pore sizes achievable by traditional as well as advanced fabrication processes. Here, we present an alternative route towards overcoming this pore size limitation by leveraging our recent success in printing fibrous structures. This is achieved by superimposing a fibrous network on a load-bearing, open-celled porous architecture. The multifunctional structure is 3D printed using a novel technique that enables us to simultaneously print a load-bearing scaffold and the necessary fibrous network. The acoustic properties of the printed structures are tested using a normal-incidence impedance tube method. Our results show that such structures can provide very high absorption at low frequencies while retaining the mechanical performance of the underlying architected structure.

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Xu, Shi Lang, and Wei Shen. "Experimental Study on Deformation Properties of Lining Structure of Hydraulic Tunnel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 105-107 (September 2011): 1320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.105-107.1320.

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A large-scale indoor model test with water pressure is conducted in order to investigate the stress and deformation properties of reinforced concrete lining structures with circular cross-sections. After lining structure cracks, the stress and deformation of reinforcement in lining structures tend to decrease. Although the interaction force between lining structure and surrounding rock increases with the increase of water pressure, but the ratio of interaction force and water pressure decreases, which reveals that the load-bearing capacity of lining structures decreases, and surrounding rock gradually performs as the primary load-bearing body. The internal water pressure carried by lining structure is about 20%~40% of water pressure before cracking and less than 30% after cracking. Test results illustrate that surrounding rock and inner water seepage significantly influence the stress and deformation properties of lining structure, and inner water seepage is the main reason for the reduction of load-bearing capacity of lining structures.

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Schubert, Martin, and Anthanasios Dafnis. "Multifunctional load-bearing aerostructures with integrated space debris protection." MATEC Web of Conferences 304 (2019): 07003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201930407003.

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In the project multiSat multifunctional composite structures for satellite application have been developed. Functions such as protection against space debris, radiation shielding and passive thermal control have been integrated into the load-bearing composite spacecraft structure by use of suitable materials and components. Sandwich panels have been studied as representative structural parts of a conventional satellite structure. Measures for increased space debris protection include the substitution of the conventional honeycomb core by 3D-printed aluminum cellular structures and the reinforcement of the sandwich panel by integration of high performance fabrics which effectively break up and catch impacting debris particles. This paper describes the development and design of multifunctional sandwich concepts with increased impact protection capability and presents the experimental results of hypervelocity impact testing with different types of CFRP sandwich panels.

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Sokolov, Nikolay, Boris Mikhailov, and Svetlana Viktorova. "Foundation with increased load bearing base capacity." E3S Web of Conferences 274 (2021): 03015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127403015.

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Along with other advanced geotechnical technologies for the exploration of underground space, electro-discharge technology (EDT technology) is one of the fundamental in the field of the construction of auger-injection microcircuits, as well as the construction transformation of the properties of foundation soils with weak physical and mechanical characteristics. At the same time, having significant differences compared to other methods of subsurface development of buildings and structures, the geotechnical EDT technology has a number of advantages, such as: 1) increased specific soil load-bearing capacity; 2) constructability of the auger piles in any geotechnical conditions; 3) possibility of geotechnical works performance under restricted conditions. As a basic structure for the development of new technologies, it has a large scientific research potential for the purposes of introducing it into modern underground construction.

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Man, Yiran, Xudong Luo, Zhipeng Xie, and Dianli Qu. "Influence of 3D Printed Topological Structure on Lightweight Mullite Load Bearing Board in Thermal Environment." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (March 11, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8340685.

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In order to achieve the purpose of resource and energy saving in the process of producing ceramics products, the hollow lightweight load bearing board in thermal environment with topological structures was made by 3D printing. In this study, the load bearing board manufactured with different topological structures such as vertical grid, oblique square grid, and honeycomb grid was printed by direct ink writing technology using the same raw material of kaolin clay and α-Al2O3 powder. The three kinds of samples were sintered at 1450°C × 3 h. The effect of printed structures on mechanical property of load bearing board samples was investigated. Moreover, the finite element simulation was used to study the stress distribution of the load bearing board. Comparing with results obtained by three kinds of samples, honeycomb grid supported samples proved to be the most appropriate structure in various directions comprehensively.

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Perelmuter, Anatoly V., and Oleg V. Kabantsev. "BOUT THE PROBLEM OF ANALYSIS RESISTANCE BEARING SYSTEMS IN FAILURE OF A STRUCTURAL ELEMENT." International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering 14, no. 3 (September 28, 2018): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2587-9618-2018-14-3-103-113.

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This paper focuses on the methods of calculating load-bearing systems in the case of a failure of a structural element. This kind of failure makes it necessary to assess further behavior of the structure with a possibility of the progressive collapse development. The stress-strain state analysis of a load-bearing system in the case of a failure of a structure is carried out by two main methods – static and dynamic calculation. It is shown that the static calculation (quasi-static analysis using the dynamic amplification factor) is not a universal method. This paper justifies the application of the direct dynamic calculation in the mode of direct integration of motion for the design analysis of load-bearing systems with high rigidity stories (protection structures for a load-bearing system). It also gives recommendations for selecting parameters of the direct dynamic calculation in the case of a failure analysis of a bearing structure.

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Gao, Jian Hong. "The Equivalent Stress Contrast Analyse of Inverse Structure and General Structure Asphaltum Pavement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 1254–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.1254.

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Based on the multi-layer elastic system theory , it was elicited that the top basic-layer rigidity was a main determinate factor for the surface-layer bottom maximal equivalent stress. And the more basic-layer rigidity, the less surface-layer bottom maximal equivalent stress, showing the more the partake action of basic-layer to the surface-layer bearing axis load. On the side, bearing the same axis load, the stress passed to groundwork from the inverse structure was most compared with the other structures. So the inverse structure has no predominance in the road structure design.

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Szabó, Bálint, Imola N. Kirizsá, and László Vass. "Analytical and Numerical Approach to the Romanian Medieval Church Structures." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.355.

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Whenever interventions on medieval churches are necessary, they must be approached as a whole, based on a numerical analysis of the load-bearing structure, especially if exceptional actions, like seismic ones, are present. Numerical analysis results can be successfully used in the assessment of quantitative elements for timber load-bearing structures. Nonetheless, masonry load-bearing subunits are more difficult to design and assess, results of the calculations made in case of elastic behaviour of the masonry structure being valid only until the first cracks. Numerical analysis can indicate, from a qualitative viewpoint, the behaviour of load-bearing structures of church buildings.. This paper presents the modelling principles of various types of load-bearing structural units belonging to medieval churches, which are subjected to dead loads and non-gravity actions, including Lutheran Church in Bistrita, Reformed Church in Aiud, Lutheran Church in Drauseni. , drafted within the Built Heritage Conservation Research and Design Centre – Utilitas, Cluj-Napoca City. It applies to three case studies, displaying their structural behaviour and contributing to the selection of appropriate strengthening methods

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Skarka, Wojciech, and Andrzej Jałowiecki. "Automation of a Thin-Layer Load-Bearing Structure Design on the Example of High Altitude Long Endurance Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (HALE UAV)." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (March 16, 2021): 2645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062645.

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In the aerospace industry, thin-layer composites are increasingly used for load-bearing structures. When designing such composite structures, particular attention must be paid to the development of an appropriate geometric form of the structure to increase the structure’s load capacity and reduce the possibility of a loss of stability and harmful aeroelastic phenomena. For this reason, the use of knowledge-based engineering support methods is complicated. Software was developed to propose and quickly evaluate a thin-layer load-bearing structure using generative modeling methods to facilitate development of the initial concept of an aerospace load-bearing structure. Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis verifies and improves such structures. The most important contributions of the paper are a methodology for automating the design of ultralight and highly flexible aircraft structures with the use of generative modelling, proposing and verifying the form of generative models for selected fragments of the structure, especially wings, and integration of the use of generative models for iterative improvement of structures using low- and middle-fidelity methods of numerical verification.

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Kretov, A. S., A. P. Pavlenko, and V. F. Snigirev. "Alternative statements of optimal load-bearing structure design problems." Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ) 50, no. 1 (March 2007): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068799807010011.

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Lin, Jie Qiong, Lei Wang, Ming Hui Gao, and Tong Huan Ran. "Research on Load-Bearing Characteristics of Precision Air-Bearing Rotary Stage." Advanced Materials Research 479-481 (February 2012): 2129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.479-481.2129.

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Air-bearing is a core component of air-bearing rotary stage. The weakness that the air-bearing has the low load capacity and stiffness has been concerned about by domestic and foreign scholars. So how to improve the load capacity and stiffness has become a serious problem. In order to improve the load capacity and stiffness of the air-bearing rotary stage, in this paper, we improved structure of Zhang Wenjie and others’ high-precision direct-drive air-bearing rotary stage. The gas film of air-bearing has been meshed by GAMBIT software, and we use FLUENT software to obtain the carrying capacity features of the gas film. Finally, the structural static force of the precision air-bearing rotary stage will be analyzed by ANSYS software. The analysis results show that: the structural design of the precision air-bearing rotary stage is reasonable, and this structure can provide a larger range of loads. Even in heavy load conditions, a larger deformation will not occur any more. It has a good practical value, and also can be widely used in high precision equipments.

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Deng, Francis, and Zhang Hong. "Focus on Sustainable Bearing Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 1182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.1182.

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Targeting at a factor 20 reduction of the environmental load of buildings in 2040, it is necessary and logical to start by reducing the environmental load of the most important aspects of a building. The bearing structure is responsible for the second largest part of the environmental load of the building; the energy consumption is responsible for the greater part, assuming the life span of a building is 75 years (van den Dobbelsteen & van der Linden, 2000)[2]. The bearing structure consists of the foundation, columns, beams, floor and roof structure, and sometimes walls and facades. The horizontal elements of the bearing structure, comprising of the floor, roof structure and beams, are causing about 80% of the environmental load of the total bearing structure. Particularly the floor & roof structure play a very remarkable role (Arets, 2000). Therefore, optimization of the floor structure will lead to an important environmental improvement of the whole office building. The question which structural material is ecologically or economically best, depends on the span the building design needs. For each floor type, for structural spans between 4.8 and 16.8 m, the environmental load and cost have been determined, resulting in a clear overview of best solutions for different spans.

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Fomin, Oleksij, Alyona Lovska, Kseniia Ivanchenko, and Ievgen Medvediev. "Justifying the prolongation of the service life of the bearing structure of a tank car when using Y25 bogies." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, no. 7 (111) (June 30, 2021): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.231622.

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This paper substantiates the use of Y25 bogies under tank cars in order to prolong their service life. The reported study has been carried out for a tank car with rated parameters, as well as the actual ones, registered during full-scale research. Mathematical modeling was performed to determine the basic indicators of the tank car dynamics. The differential equations of motion were solved by a Runge-Kutta method using the Mathcad software package (USA). It was established that the use of Y25 bogies under a tank car with rated parameters could reduce the acceleration of its bearing structure by almost 39 % compared to the use of standard 18‒100 bogies. Applying the Y25 bogies under a tank car with the actual parameters reduces the acceleration of its load-bearing structure by almost 50 % compared to the use of standard 18‒100 bogies. The derived acceleration values were taken into consideration when calculating the bearing structure of a tank car for strength. The calculation was performed using the SolidWorks Simulation software package (France). The resulting stress values are 18 % lower than the stresses acting on the load-bearing structure of a tank car equipped with 18‒100 bogies. For the load-bearing structure of a tank car with the actual parameters, the maximum equivalent stresses are 16 % lower than the stresses when the 18‒100 bogies are used. The design service life of the load-bearing structure of a tank car was estimated taking into consideration the use of Y25 bogies. The calculations showed that the design service life of the bearing structure of a tank car equipped with Y25 bogies is more than twice as high as that obtained for 18‒100 bogies. The study reported here would contribute to compiling recommendations for prolonging the service life of the load-bearing structures of tank cars

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Devin, A., and P. J. Fanning. "The Evolving Dynamic Response of a Four Storey Reinforced Concrete Structure during Construction." Shock and Vibration 19, no. 5 (2012): 1051–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/260926.

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Structures include elements designated as load bearing and non-load bearing. While non-load bearing elements, such as facades and internal partitions, are acknowledged to add mass to the system, the structural stiffness and strength is generally attributed to load bearing elements only. This paper investigates the contribution of non-load bearing elements to the dynamic response of a new structure, the Charles Institute, in the grounds of University College Dublin (UCD) Ireland. The vertical vibration response of the first floor and the lateral response at each floor level were recorded at different construction stages. The evolution of the structural response as well as the generation of a finite element (FE) model is discussed. It was found that the addition of the non-load bearing facades increased the first floor natural frequency from 10.7 Hz to 11.4?Hz, a change of approximately +6.5%. Similarly these external facades resulted in the first sway mode having its frequency increased by 6%. The subsequent addition of internal partitions, mechanical services and furnishings resulted in the floor natural frequency reducing to 9.2 Hz. It is concluded that external facades have the net effect of adding stiffness and the effect of internal partitions and furnishings is to add mass. In the context of finite element modelling of structures there is a significant challenge to represent these non-structural elements correctly so as to enable the generation of truly predictive FE models.

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Feng, Jiao Wei, Jun Yan Lu, and Jin Dong Ma. "Studies of Anti-Disaster Ability of the Plate Truss Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 1892–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.1892.

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The grid structure often overall failed dut to local damage under the disaster load. In order to avoid the situation, the load cases of the plate truss structure under vertical load are analyzed in this paper. Taking the measure of strengthening the important bars, the ultimate bearing capacity of the structure is improved significantly. The improved load bearing capacity plays a positive role in resisting exceeding loads. Anti-disaster ability of the structure is improved.

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Zhang, Z., V. N. Zimin, A. V. Krylov, and S. A. Churilin. "On Computing the Stress-Strain State of a Transformable Large-Scale Space Structure." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Mechanical Engineering, no. 1 (130) (February 2020): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0236-3941-2020-1-4-15.

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Design and development of transformable large-scale space structures requires thoroughly analysing their operating conditions and existing internal and external forces, as well as determining the stress-strain state of load-bearing frameworks. As a rule, complete fullscale tests of orbital operation of transformable structures is impossible on Earth. This fact means that the problem of developing mathematical models that properly simulate mechanical properties of such structures becomes crucial for their design. These models should allow design computations to be carried out efficiently and various layouts to be analysed. We present our procedure of computing the stress-strain state for load-bearing framework elements using deployment of a 20 m diameter annular antenna as an example. The stress-strain state of the load-bearing frame elements is determined by impact loads generated during deployment when adjacent links are mounted on locking plates. In order to determine these impact loads, we computed framework deployment parameters, calculating the velocities of framework elements at the moments when they come into contact with the locking plates. We then assume the velocities obtained for the transformable load-bearing framework links to be the initial conditions for a finite element model of the structure used to compute its stress-strain state. As a result, the calculations yielded equivalent stresses generated in the load-bearing framework components during deployment.

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Zheng, Li Xin, Xiao Xiong Zha, and Chen Jie Ma. "Research of Fireproof Performance of Steel Frame after Subjecting to Impact Loads." Key Engineering Materials 400-402 (October 2008): 807–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.400-402.807.

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In recent years, many structures subjected to impact load and fire collapse, such as the event of “9.11”, which is the largest tragedy in the 21 century. Structures subjected to impact load can be damaged in varying degree. This damage can reduce the bearing capacity withstanding fire badly. So how to study the response is very urgent. This paper mainly studies the bearing capacity withstanding fire after subjecting impact load using the finite element software ABAQUS. we use the simplified model studying the bearing capacity withstand fire of the structure elements after subjecting impact load, finally we use the software MATLAB get a coefficient, This coefficient can give a reference when we design some important structures withstanding fire.

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Degtyarev, G. V., G. S. Molotkov, A. N. Sekisov, and D. А. Datsjo. "Numerical modeling of condition of the bridge structure based on the results of national surveys." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.13 (April 15, 2018): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.13.11866.

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The possibilities of calculating the bearing capacity of hydraulic structures with the use of modern software products are based on the example of a bridge structure in the Krasnodar region. This bridge construction across the river Bezymyannaya is located near the city of Gelendzhik. In the process of inspection some defects were indentified that affect the bearing capacity of the construction: the destruction of the protective layer of concrete by separate segments; corrosion of reinforcemnt in load-bearing elements with loss of cross-section up to 16,6%; corroison of concrete in load-bearing elements of type I and II; cracks in the crossbar with a width of opening up to 0,5 mm, which indicates the overstrain of the structure.

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Gengyuan, Gao, Yin Zhongwei, Jiang Dan, and Zhang Xiuli. "CFD analysis of load-carrying capacity of hydrodynamic lubrication on a water-lubricated journal bearing." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 67, no. 1 (February 9, 2015): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-03-2013-0028.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to improve hydrodynamic load-carrying capacity of a water-lubricated journal bearing by a new bush structure. Water-lubricated bearing is becoming more and more popular since it is environmentally friendly and saves energy. However, contrary to oil and grease-lubricated bearings, water-lubricated bearing is limited in many situations due to its low hydrodynamic load-carrying capacity. Design/methodology/approach – The present article proposes a new bearing bush, with a transition-arc structure, which is favorable for increasing hydrodynamic load-carrying capacity. Hydrodynamic load-carrying capacity was calculated by means of three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (3-D CFD) analysis. Several variants of a journal bearing with a transition-arc structure of different dimensions are analyzed, while the radial clearance of the bearing, eccentricity ratio and the velocity of the journal remain unchanged. Findings – The results show that obvious changes are found in hydrodynamic load-carrying capacity of a water-lubricated journal bearing. For different width over diameter (L/D) bearing ratios, the relationship between hydrodynamic load-carrying capacity and the magnitude of the transition-arc structure dimension is researched. Originality/value – The research presented here leads to a design reference guideline that could be used by the designer engineer to design smart journal bearings for improving the hydrodynamic load-carrying capacity.

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Schubert, Martin, Sara Perfetto, Anthanasios Dafnis, Heiko Atzrodt, and Dirk Mayer. "Multifunctional and lightweight load-bearing composite structures for satellites." MATEC Web of Conferences 233 (2018): 00019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823300019.

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Within the framework of the German national project multiSat multifunctional composite structures for satellite applications are developed. The objective is the integration of passive and active functions into the load-bearing spacecraft structure by using suitable materials, components and mechanisms. The passive functions include heat transfer, radiation shielding and protection against space debris impacts, whereas the active functions comprise electric energy and data transfer and vibration reduction. Due to their multi-layer build-up composite materials are suitable for functional integration since each layer can be defined and designed to provide one or more specific functions. The concept of a multifunctional structure allows for the reduction of the overall satellite mass and of installation space required for subsystems. It also opens up new opportunities for highly integrative and standardized production processes and lower total costs and time for manufacturing, qualification and launch. This paper describes the development and design of a concept for a multifunctional sandwich panel and the results of the analyses, numerical simulations and experiments conducted at coupon level.

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Lu, Li Hua, Hai Xia Sun, Si Li Chen, Gui Sheng Pan, and Min Ji Yang. "Research on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete Members under Holding Load." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.309.

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In order to study the bearing capacity conditions of the reinforced concrete structure in service in the phase of using,test the mechanical properties of the bending members of reinforced concrete structures under loading and not loading conditions,and compare and analyze the relationship of load and deflection, crack, steel strain,concrete face strain under the two conditions,has got the conclusion that the bearing capacity decreased almost 12% under holding load, and analyze the effect of the bearing capacity and deformation under holding load; use ABAQUS finite element to simulate bending members of reinforced concrete structures under holding loading,and the simulation values are very close to the experimental results; indicate that finite element simulation can be carried out in prediction the service life of reinforced concrete structure in practical engineering.

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Zhang, Xie Dong, Jin Zhi Wang, and Jun Feng Guo. "Inspection and Evaluation of Load-Bearing Capacity of Single Tower Composite Girder Cable-Stayed Bridge." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 1785–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.1785.

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In order to evaluate single tower composite girder Cable Bridge actual bearing capacity and working property on design using load, a single-tower composite girder cable-stayed bridge is taken as an example, by means of static load test, dynamic load test, reasonably measures evaluates the single tower composite girder cable-stayed bridge's bearing capacity. The static load test measure static properties of bridge structure (static strain, static deflection, etc.), dynamic load test, measure the dynamic properties of bridge structure (vibration frequency, damping, forced vibration amplitude, impact coefficient, etc.). Results show that the rigidity strength integrity and dynamic characteristics of bridge structure are favorable; the structure’s bearing capacity is favorable.

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Wang, Xinglong, Cheng Wang, Xin Zhou, Di Wang, Mingkang Zhang, Yun Gao, Lei Wang, and Peiyu Zhang. "Evaluating Lattice Mechanical Properties for Lightweight Heat-Resistant Load-Bearing Structure Design." Materials 13, no. 21 (October 27, 2020): 4786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214786.

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Heat-resistant, load-bearing components are common in aircraft, and they have high requirements for lightweight and mechanical performance. Lattice topology optimization can achieve high mechanical properties and obtain lightweight designs. Appropriate lattice selection is crucial when employing the lattice topology optimization method. The mechanical properties of a structure can be optimized by choosing lattice structures suitable for the specific stress environment being endured by the structural components. Metal lattice structures exhibit excellent unidirectional load-bearing performance and the triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) porous structure can satisfy multi-scale free designs. Both lattice types can provide unique advantages; therefore, we designed three types of metal lattices (body-centered cubic (BCC), BCC with Z-struts (BCCZ), and honeycomb) and three types of TPMS lattices (gyroid, primitive, and I-Wrapped Package (I-WP)) combined with the solid shell. Each was designed with high level of relative density (40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%), which can be directly used in engineering practice. All test specimens were manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) technology using Inconel 718 superalloy as the material and underwent static tensile testing. We found that the honeycomb test specimen exhibits the best strength, toughness, and stiffness properties among all structures evaluated, which is especially suitable for the lattice topology optimization design of heat-resistant, unidirectional load-bearing structures within aircraft. Furthermore, we also found an interesting phenomenon that the toughness of the primitive and honeycomb porous test specimens exhibited sudden increases from 70% to 80% and from 50% to 60% relative density, respectively, due to their structural characteristics. According to the range of the exponent value n and the deformation laws of porous structures, we also concluded that a porous structure would exhibit a stretching-dominated deformation behavior when exponent value n < 0.3, a bending-dominated deformation behavior when n > 0.55, and a stretching-bending-dominated deformation behavior when 0.3 < n < 0.55. This study can provide a design basis for selecting an appropriate lattice in lattice topology optimization design.

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Selman, Mudhafer H. "Highway Bridge Load-Bearing Capacity Assessment Under Chinese and British Methodologies." Advanced Materials Research 378-379 (October 2011): 353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.378-379.353.

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The purpose of assessment of structures is to check their adequacy for specific loading levels and to identify those bridges that have an unacceptable risk of failure, either in part or complete collapse, under extreme circumstances of loading and material condition [1]. In this study, a comparison was made between new Chinese bridge load-bearing capacity assessment method and The British Highway Agency method. Load-bearing capacity assessment results were generated for bridges super structure and analyzed for moment and shear load effect. Also the study included a comparison of the main component of load-bearing capacity calculation, factored live load, factored dead load, and factored capacity. The comparison shows that the British Method produced lower moment and shear bridges carrying capacity factor than Chinese Method.

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Maharjan, Rajib, and Vivek Shrestha. "Analysis of One Bay Residential Building with Combined RCC Frame and Load Bearing Wall Structures." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 13, no. 1 (June 22, 2018): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v13i1.20356.

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The major purpose of this study is to justify construction method of a hybrid structure in core area with construction complexity due unsafe excavation conditions and tries to define its rigidity and strength. Both RCC and Frame structure transfer same load to ground through foundation but the transfer mechanism varies. In some practical condition, building construction should be carried out in compact areas with unsafe adjoining building where adequate excavation for foundation cannot be carried out. In such cases, one bay hybrid structure is proposed for construction with combined RCC frame structure and load bearing walls. In these combined cases, both structures works as same unit to transfer building load but the transfer pattern varies. The variable load transfer pattern is due to discontinuity in structural system which also effect on seismic response of the building. The placement of a masonry load bearing structure in RCC frame structure varies design of all structural components of the building. To study actual behavior of hybrid structure in various load condition and introducing cost minimization techniques of buildings structural analysis was carried using ETABS 2016 with composite structural arrangement and with induction of load bearing wall as structural component. By which seismic behavior of building in both cases was obtained as well as reduction in rebar percentage and dimensional reduction of structural components can be achieved.Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2017, 13(1): 117-124

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35

Gehb, Christopher M., Roland Platz, and Tobias Melz. "Two control strategies for semi-active load path redistribution in a load-bearing structure." Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 118 (March 2019): 195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2018.08.044.

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Rybakov, Vladimir, Anatoly Seliverstov, Denis Petrov, Andrei Smirnov, and Anna Volkova. "Lightweight steel concrete structures slab panels load-bearing capacity." MATEC Web of Conferences 245 (2018): 08008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824508008.

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Lightweight steel concrete structures (LSCS) - an innovative building structure type that can be used both as load-bearing and as enclosing one. They consist of profiled steel usually galvanized and cold-bent - filled with a monolithic foam concrete with a 200kg/m3 density, and with fiber cement sheets sheathing. These structures can be used in industrial and civil buildings as internal and external bearing and enclosing wall structures, and as slabs. According to the LSCS production method, prefabricated panels (walls and slabs) and building site performed constructions are distinguished. The article presents the LSCS subspecies, representing slabs panels made of galvanized profiled steel, density medium grade D400 monolithic foam concrete and sheets “Steklotsem” sheathing, bearing capacity experimental studies results. The paper confirms that such panels can be used in civil buildings and withstand the appropriate load, regulated by the current codes and rules. Moreover, it has been experimentally proved that the foam concrete, despite its own extremely low strength class, actually includes in the operation, preventing such effects as stability local loss, crushing and profile steel elements cross-section warping and increases the slabs overall load capacity by 20-25%.

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Ivankova, Olga, Lenka Konecna, and Eva Vojtekova. "Static Analysis of Load-Bearing Structure of a Transparent Roof." Applied Mechanics and Materials 769 (June 2015): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.769.69.

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This paper deals with static analysis of load-bearing steel grid of a transparent roof. Ten structures with various spans (from 12.58 m to 30.08 m) and different heights (from 2.494 m to 7.471 m) have been modelled and analysed. The calculations were repeated for two common used types of the cross-sections - (60 x 40) mm and (60 x 60) mm. Permanent loads (the self-weight, the weight of glass panels) and variable loads (snow, wind) were taken into account. Obtained results were verified by four additional structures. The architects can use resultant graphs (the dimensions, maximum axial forces and maximum vertical displacements) in first stage of the design.

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Baek, Sang Min, Myung Gyun Ko, Min Sung Kim, and Young Sik Joo. "Structural design of conformal load-bearing array antenna structure (CLAAS)." Advanced Composite Materials 26, sup1 (May 10, 2017): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09243046.2017.1313575.

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Djuricic, Djordje, Biljana Scepanovic, Mitar Misovic, and Dusko Lucic. "Ultimate Load Bearing Capacity of Web Members of Lattice Aluminium Structures Made of CHS Profiles." Key Engineering Materials 710 (September 2016): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.710.351.

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A joint of lattice aluminium welded structure made of circular hollow sections (CHS) has been analysed. Aluminium alloy EN AW 6082-T6 was used. Calculation of ultimate load bearing capacity of lattice structure web member assumes check of element load bearing capacity for the following calculation situations:- calculation of ultimate load bearing capacity of compressed elements with the influence of buckling,- calculation of ultimate load bearing capacity of compressed elements with the influence of HAZ,- calculation of ultimate load bearing capacity of tensioned elements with the influence of HAZ,- calculation of ultimate element force in truss joint, depending on joint construction.The first three checks are independent of type and characteristics of truss chords. They depend only on elements connection manner and geometrical characteristics of web members. The fourth condition directly depends on relation of chord and web member characteristics, i.e. ratio of their diameters and tube wall thicknesses. The choice of joint geometry, gap between elements in joint as well as joint eccentricity are also important for ultimate force in web member. Check of K-joint ultimate bearing capacity is particularly needed for welded joints due to aluminium strength decrease caused by HAZ (Heat Affected Zone) effect.European standard EN 1999 for aluminium structures design has not defined ultimate load of web members regarding type and characteristics of joint connection.Value of ultimate force in web member of K-joint, depending on connection type, by means of expressions defined in EN 1993-1-8 (Design of steel structures - Part 1-8: Design of joints), has been analysed. Comparative analysis has been done by means of ANSYS modelling, taking into consideration real characteristics of aluminium alloy and ultimate load bearing capacity reduction in the vicinity of weld due to HAZ effect. The main goal of the paper is to analyse capability of expressions from EN 1993-1-8 for steel structures to be used in aluminium structures, having in mind quoted limitations.

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Luo, Y. F., C. G. Deng, G. Q. Li, and Y. M. He. "Structural Analysis of FAST Reflector Supporting System." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 182 (2001): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100001032.

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AbstractAccording to the deformation and movement requirements of the FAST reflector, a multipurpose analysis, including the load-bearing behavior, deformation, construction costs of the reflector supporting structure and its model, is presented in this paper. The advantages and disadvantages of steel and aluminum alloy structures are also discussed and compared through detailed design calculations under load-bearing capacity and normal working conditions.

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Zhang, Gang, Ming Yan Li, Chang Sun, Jian Zhang, and Hai Long Zhang. "Load Distribution of Cross-Roller Slewing Bearing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 224 (November 2012): 268–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.224.268.

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Because of cross roller-slewing bearing structure have a certain degree of particularity, and two sets of cross rollers is equivalent to two columns roller stack situation, therefore it should deduce roller calculation formula for two sets of roller respectively. According to the stress of the slewing bearings, we proceed load distribution calculation synthetically under the center of bearing axial force, overturning moment and radial force. Finally, based on the above formula for calculating the bearing load distribution and through the Matlab software, we analyze the influence of some parameters on the bearing load distribution. For ensuring bearing design parameter, it has the certain reference value.

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42

Liu, Yang, Da Wang, and Yi Zhou Zhu. "Analysis of Ultimate Load-Bearing Capacity of Long-Span CFST Arch Bridges." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 1149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.1149.

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In order to study the ultimate load-bearing capacity of the long-span concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) arch bridge with fly-bird-type, the ANSYS finite element program was used to establish its special model, and to study ultimate load-bearing capacity of this bridge with three different methods. The constitutive relation factors of concrete-filled steel tubular was taken into consideration including confining effect ultimate load coefficients, failure modes, and load-displacement curves of this bridge under different cases. The result indicate that the ultimate load-bearing capacity of the bridge can meet the requirement, all of its failure modes is out-plane, the two methods, linear elastic buckling analysis and only geometric nonlinearity analysis, will over high estimate ultimate load-bearing capacity of this bridge, and linear elastic buckling method cannot reflect real failure mode of this structure. In order to correctly estimate the ultimate load-bearing capacity of the bridge structure, the effect of geometric and material double nonlinearity couldn’t be neglected.

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Xia, Yi Min, Feng Wu, Lei Cheng, and Zheng Hua Zhang. "Optimal Design of Disc Cutter Structure Parameter Based on Genetic Algorithm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 919–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.919.

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Because of the situation that the disc cutter bearing seriously damaged in the cutting process, disc cutter structural parameters is optimized which mainly affect the force on the bearing. The disc cutter cutting edge angle, cutting edge width, transition arc radius and caulking ring width between the bearings are taken as design variables, and the minimum equivalent load on the bearing as the target, the optimization model is established. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used in the mathematical model.Finally, the optimized results indicate that the equivalent load on the bearing reduces 21% compared with the actual structural parameters. So the optimization results effectively reduce the force on the bearing and extend the life cycle of disc cutter.

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Ma, Li Guo, and Hong Wei Song. "Analysis of Energy-Saving Architecture with Self Thermal Insulation Structure of Fiber Reinforced Foamed Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 444–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.444.

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It has economical and social value to build energy-saving architectures. Foamed concrete is commonly used as non-load bearing structure to save energy of buildings. With reinforcement of fiber foamed concrete can be used as load bearing structure to build architectures. The load bearing structure of fiber reinforced foamed has ability of self thermal insulation to get the aim of energy-saving. In the paper the excellence and disadvantage of foamed concrete is summarized. Methods are given to build the energy-saving architecture with self thermal insulation structure of fiber reinforced foamed concrete in new formwork. The building technology will be applied in new countryside construction in China.

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He, Lin, Cong Liu, and Zhen Yu Wu. "Parametric Modeling and Stability Analysis of Temporary Grandstand." Applied Mechanics and Materials 578-579 (July 2014): 907–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.578-579.907.

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Temporary grandstands bear crowd load, which is created when spectators jumping on the structure. The simplified loads applied to temporary grandstand have been obtained based on experiment data of human body jumping forces. By the ABAQUS software, the parametric and automatic modeling of three-dimensional (3D) temporary grandstand structures has been realized with Python scripting. The linear buckling analysis and nonlinear buckling analysis of the structure have been carried out. The ultimate bearing capacity and the structural deformation under crowd load have been acquired. Results show that the nonlinear effect of the structure under crowd load is very obvious; the linear buckling analysis cannot get the ultimate bearing capacity of the structure and the first order buckling mode cannot simulate the final deformation of the structure either. The research of this paper greatly improve the efficiency of the construction and automation design of temporary structures and reveal the mechanical behavior of such structure to a certain degree.

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46

Kruszka, Leopold. "Reinforcement of brick historic buildings threatened by structural damages or by failure." MATEC Web of Conferences 174 (2018): 03013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817403013.

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The paper presents selected aspects of reinforcing the brick cultural heritage buildings, particularly load-carrying elements of those structures. In some cases the operational phase of many load-bearing elements of the historical buildings is shrinking or has used up. The crucial task while carrying out construction works related to reinforcing or repair of the load-bearing structure is to ensure safety. This safety should be assured regarding both the structure itself and its users. The design concept also needs to include recommendations and instructions of the conservatorinspector. The proposed scope of technical assessment and analysis of the load-bearing structures of buildings is presented on selected examples. The performed diagnostics process allowed to properly determine the occurred hazards and on this basis to properly design and carry out repair of damaged elements of structure [1]. The first of the analysed cases concerns the barracks facility near the Makowiecka Street in Przasnysz. Another example described in this paper is the brick dome of the church building of St. Anne in Wilanów district in Warsaw. The damages and failure identification process, as well as taken measures and proposed methods of reinforcement of the structure are presented with reference to the both above mentioned examples.

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Krynke, Marek, and Alan Vaško. "Management The Safety of Exploitation of the Rotation Mechanism in a Self-Propelled Crane." System Safety: Human - Technical Facility - Environment 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 624–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/czoto-2019-0079.

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AbstractThe article analyzes of the load capacity of the rotation mechanism of the boom arm sub-assembly for a self-propelled crane. The uneven flexibility of systems supporting structures of the machine was taken into account in the identification of the load. The consideration are illustrated by the example slewing bearing from self-propelled crane. FEM method was used for calculations. The basic problems of construction of numerical model were discussed. Sample calculations of bearing carrying capacity has been done taking into account flexibility of bearings supporting structures, which also allowed to define the internal load distribution in the bearing. On example of the supporting structure of the mobile crane DST 5050 the internal load distribution in the crane bearing at different positions of the crane machine body were defined. During the rotation of the crane body priority angels were indicated. It has been shown that the deformations of the supporting frames are so large that they significantly change the distribution of forces transmitted by the individual bearing rollers.

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Poutanen, Tuomo, Sampsa Pursiainen, and Jari Mäkinen. "Test Loading of Structures with a Suspect Resistance." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (April 11, 2021): 3424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083424.

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The reliability of load-bearing structures is normally secured through codes, a competent structural design and proper execution inspection. Alternatively, the reliability can be obtained via skilled test loading, which is a feasible technique both in the construction of new structures and in the load-bearing verification of existing ones. Although the current codes lack instructions for test loading, they are, however, used in special cases; for example, when the reliability of the structures is doubtful due to a defect, or when the structure is suspected to have especially high resistance variability. Test loading involves significant research questions that need to be addressed, including: What is the test load in comparison with the expected maximum service time load or the characteristic load? How can the instantaneous test load be compared with the actual long-term service-time load? Does the test loading harm the structure, and what is the target reliability in the test loading calculation? In this paper, we approach these questions from a theoretical point of view and propose how a suitable test load can be chosen in practice using an approximate and a precise approach.

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Tian, Ai Qin, and Hao Dong. "Reliability Assessment for Load Bearing Underframe on Car Body." Applied Mechanics and Materials 633-634 (September 2014): 1206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.633-634.1206.

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The security assessment of large underframe on car body is proposed through the SINTAP/FITNET method and with the help of numerical simulation technology of finite element based on some EMU powered car in service at present. The security and reliability of the underframe structure is predicted. The defect tolerance that the underframe is ‘fitness for service’ is put forward in this paper. The result shows that the crack shape a/c has little impact on the security with the semielliptic surface cracks assumption. In addition, the security assessment on dangerous areas and critical crack sizes are acquired based on the assumption a/c=0.2. The critical crack sizes of the dangerous area 1, area 2 and area 3 are about 5 to 5.5 millimeters, while the unilateral penetrate crack size of the area 4 reaches 40 millimeters. The structures are suit for service as the risk of brittle failure is extremely small.

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Liška, Pavel, Barbora Nečasová, and Jiří Šlanhof. "Influence of Load-bearing Structure on Size of Bonded Facade Cladding." MATEC Web of Conferences 163 (2018): 08003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816308003.

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Architecture has been an integral part of our lives ever since people first existed. Structures are required by both investors and society to have what is considered a highly modern appearance while maintaining elements of a long service life. To meet such requirements, it is necessary to use modern technologies and materials. Bonded joints represent one of the options. Unlike with mechanical joints, it is possible to use bonded joints to anchor large format cladding panels to bearing substructures of various shapes and sizes. The design is simple, but very technically demanding to implement. One of the factors which have an impact on both the design and its implementation is the bearing substructure itself. As part of a research project, a load bearing substructure made from wood and aluminium alloy was tested. The test results prove that the mechanical properties of the materials used, especially their thermal and moisture expansion, directly influence the size of the cladding. In the case of a bearing substructure made from wood, the cladding may be larger by several percentage points than in the case of a bearing substructure made from aluminium alloy.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Load-bearing structure'

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