Journal articles: 'Load-bearing wall system'

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Osman, S. A., Zawawi Samba Mohamed, A. R. Sulaiman, and M. Fikri Ismail. "Experimental Analysis of Interlocking Load Bearing Wall Brickool System." Key Engineering Materials 594-595 (December 2013): 439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.594-595.439.

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This paper presents the results of investigation on structural behavior of the load bearing walls of interlocking bricks system called Brickcool. The model of Brickcool load bearing walls with and without reinforcement were tested in the laboratory until they failed. Both models were prepared with the same dimension of 1.3 m height, 1.0 m wide and 125 mm width. The influence of reinforcement on the deflection and strain of the load bearing walls were examined. Physical and mechanical tests of the individual brick were also been carried out. Results of this study proved that the model of load bearing wall with reinforcement have higher failure load with lower displacement at the top of the wall. The presence of reinforcement in strengthening the wall panel also increase the compression and tension strain compared to the wall panel without reinforcement. The physical and mechanical test results also found that the bricks have satisfied the minimum requirement values set by the British and American Standards.

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Keerthan, Poologanathan, and Mahen Mahendran. "Thermal Performance of Load Bearing Cold-formed Steel Walls under Fire Conditions using Numerical Studies." Journal of Structural Fire Engineering 5, no. 3 (August 19, 2014): 261–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/2040-2317.5.3.261.

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Cold-formed Light gauge Steel Frame (LSF) wall systems are increasingly used in low-rise and multi-storey buildings and hence their fire safety has become important in the design of buildings. A composite LSF wall panel system was developed recently, where a thin insulation was sandwiched between two plasterboards to improve the fire performance of LSF walls. Many experimental and numerical studies have been undertaken to investigate the fire performance of non-load bearing LSF wall under standard conditions. However, only limited research has been undertaken to investigate the fire performance of load bearing LSF walls under standard and realistic design fire conditions. Therefore in this research, finite element thermal models of both the conventional load bearing LSF wall panels with cavity insulation and the innovative LSF composite wall panel were developed to simulate their thermal behaviour under standard and realistic design fire conditions. Suitable thermal properties were proposed for plasterboards and insulations based on laboratory tests and available literature. The developed models were then validated by comparing their results with available fire test results of load bearing LSF wall. This paper presents the details of the developed finite element models of load bearing LSF wall panels and the thermal analysis results. It shows that finite element models can be used to simulate the thermal behaviour of load bearing LSF walls with varying configurations of insulations and plasterboards. Failure times of load bearing LSF walls were also predicted based on the results from finite element thermal analyses. Finite element analysis results show that the use of cavity insulation was detrimental to the fire rating of LSF walls while the use of external insulation offered superior thermal protection to them. Effects of realistic design fire conditions are also presented in this paper.

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Xu, Ming, Zhong Fan Chen, and Wei Jie Zhang. "Experimental Study on the Seismic Behavior of Concrete Composite Bearing Walls." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 1090–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.1090.

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Concrete composite bearing wall system is an innovated composite structure system, which is assembled by load-bearing walls, enclosure walls and thermal protection and insulation layers. Four concrete composite bearing walls were tested quasi-statically under low cyclic lateral loads. The characteristics including failure modes, hysteretic characteristics, ductility and stiffness degradation are investigated. It is shown that the concrete composite bearing walls possess high strength and ductility. In the elastic stage, the prefabricated slabs and frame could work together very well, and the composite walls exhibited enough stiffness against lateral deformation. With increasing horizontal load, the stiffness of the prefabricated slabs tended to decrease, and finally the composite wall system failed by flexural failure of frame structure with dense columns.

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Bosakov, S. V., A. I. Mordich, A. A. Karyakin, S. A. Sonin, and I. S. Derbentsev. "Distribution of Load Forces in Hollow Core Slabs of Precast Solid Floor Supported on Bearing Walls." Science & Technique 18, no. 2 (April 17, 2019): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2019-18-2-93-103.

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The need to cut construction cost of residential and public buildings and provide them with a free and transformable planning structure during their operation cause interest in building wall systems with a large step of bearing walls. In order to reduce labor inputs and increase rate of construction in such building load-bearing system it is also necessary to maximize the use of large-sized prefabricated products and minimize consumption of in-situ concrete. In this case prefabricated products should be substituted according to the conditions of local (regional) construction industry base and volume of in-situ concrete must be sufficient to ensure a complete redistribution of internal forces between elements of the bearing system under load. As for the described bearing wall system of a multi-storey building the paper presents a flat precast solid floor formed by hollow-core slabs and monolithic crossbars supported by load-bearing walls. The hollow-core slabs supported at the ends on cast-in-place crossbars in the planes of bearing walls are arranged in dense groups between cast-in-place braced cross-beams. Dense contacts between overlapping elements are fixed by internal bonds. New data on distribution of forces in floor elements under the action of a vertical load have been obtained on the basis of full-scale tests and existing theoretical assumptions. It has been established that due to this load reactive thrust forces ensuring an operation of every hollow-core slab group in the floor as an effective solid plate supported along the contour have been originated in the floor plane along two main axes. Calculation of the reactive thrust forces makes it possible more accurately to assess a load-bearing capacity and rigidity of the precast solid floor and to increase a step of bearing walls up to 8 m and more while having hollow-core slabs with a thickness of 220 mm.

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Pan, Li Cheng, Xi Yan Wang, and Deng Feng Wang. "Influence of Stressed Skin Effect on the Bearing Capacity of Electrostatic Precipitator Casing Wall." Advanced Materials Research 1049-1050 (October 2014): 246–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1049-1050.246.

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In wall-column structural system of electrostatic precipitator casing, wall will share the load with column and provide lateral bracing support when the load is applied on the column .Then the wall panel exert the stressed skin effect, which will influence its load bearing capacity. By nonlinear finite element method, when wall panel exerts stressed skin effect, whether the effect will influence the wall bearing capacity is investigated as well as the failure mode. The relationship is analyzed between the loading level onto column, panel thickness, loading form onto wall and the affecting degree on the bearing capacity of wall panel. The computation results indicate that the bearing capacity of wall panel is lower when it exerts the stressed skin effect. When the wall is thin, the weakening degree of panel bearing capacity resulting from stressed skin effect is slightly affected by loading level onto column. When the wall is thicker, the weakening degree of panel bearing capacity increases apparently as the loading level onto column increases. For a certain loading level onto column, compared with the locally loaded wall panel, the impact on load bearing capacity is greater for the globally loaded wall panel. Research work has reference value for the calculation and design of enclosure structures of electrostatic precipitator casing.

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Oktavianus, Yusak, Kasun Shanaka Kristombu Baduge, Kristopher Orlowski, and Priyan Mendis. "Structural behaviour of prefabricated load bearing braced composite timber wall system." Engineering Structures 176 (December 2018): 555–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.09.037.

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Rusthi, Mohamed, Poologanathan Keerthan, Mahen Mahendran, and Anthony Ariyanayagam. "Investigating the fire performance of LSF wall systems using finite element analyses." Journal of Structural Fire Engineering 8, no. 4 (December 11, 2017): 354–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-04-2016-0002.

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Purpose This research was aimed at investigating the fire performance of LSF wall systems by using 3-D heat transfer FE models of existing LSF wall system configurations. Design/methodology/approach This research was focused on investigating the fire performance of LSF wall systems by using 3-D heat transfer finite element models of existing LSF wall system configurations. The analysis results were validated by using the available fire test results of five different LSF wall configurations. Findings The validated finite element models were used to conduct a parametric study on a range of non-load bearing and load bearing LSF wall configurations to predict their fire resistance levels (FRLs) for varying load ratios. Originality/value Fire performance of LSF wall systems with different configurations can be understood by performing full-scale fire tests. However, these full-scale fire tests are time consuming, labour intensive and expensive. On the other hand, finite element analysis (FEA) provides a simple method of investigating the fire performance of LSF wall systems to understand their thermal-mechanical behaviour. Recent numerical research studies have focused on investigating the fire performances of LSF wall systems by using finite element (FE) models. Most of these FE models were developed based on 2-D FE platform capable of performing either heat transfer or structural analysis separately. Therefore, this paper presents the details of a 3-D FEA methodology to develop the capabilities to perform fully-coupled thermal-mechanical analyses of LSF walls exposed to fire in future.

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Fofiu, Mihai, Andrei Bindean, and Valeriu Stoian. "Carbon Fiber Strips Retrofitting System for Precast Reinforced Concrete Wall Panel." Key Engineering Materials 660 (August 2015): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.660.208.

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This paper presents the retrofitting procedure used on a precast reinforced concrete wall panel (PRCWP) in order to restore its initial load bearing capacity. The specimen used in this experimental test is one from the residential multistoried buildings constructed in Romania from the 1970 onwards. All of the characteristics of the element are from the specific era, only scaled down with a factor of 1:1,2. The element was subjected to in-plane reversed cyclic loading to simulate its seismic behavior and obtain its maximum load bearing capacity. After the test we retrofitted the element using Carbon Fiber Strips Externally Bonded (EBR) and anchored with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) mesh. The porpoise of the paper is to compare the maximum loading bearing capacity of the unstrengthen and strengthen elements in order to compare them and examine the efficiency of this retrofitting procedure.

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Zhu, Min Wei, and Yuan Zhen Liu. "Experimental Study on the Seismic Performance of Composite Shear Wall Structure with Thermal-Insulation Wall Form." Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (July 2011): 1489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.1489.

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The composite shear wall system with permanent thermal-insulation wall form of glazed hollow bead is a new kind of energy-saving building. the experimental study on the seismic performance of composite shear wall structure was proposed. Through the tests of the walls with different shear-span ratio and axial compression ratio under vertical force and low cyclic horizontal load, the seismic behaviors of slitted shear walls under low cyclic load tests were studied. Through the expemental study, the calculation methods for load-bearing capacity of walls with different shear-span ratio were obtained. And then the laws for the energy dissipation and ductility feature were revealed. Besides, the comparison analysis were made on the seismic behaviors between composite shear walls and common shear walls.The study could provide a foundation for the designing evaluating on the performance for the new structure.

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Girhammar, Ulf Arne, and Bo Källsner. "Tests and Analyses of Slotted-In Steel-Plate Connections in Composite Timber Shear Wall Panels." Advances in Civil Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7259014.

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The authors present an experimental and analytical study of slotted-in connections for joining walls in the Masonite flexible building (MFB) system. These connections are used for splicing wall elements and for tying down uplifting forces and resisting horizontal shear forces in stabilizing walls. The connection plates are inserted in a perimeter slot in the PlyBoard™ panel (a composite laminated wood panel) and fixed mechanically with screw fasteners. The load-bearing capacity of the slotted-in connection is determined experimentally and derived analytically for different failure modes. The test results show ductile postpeak load-slip characteristics, indicating that a plastic design method can be applied to calculate the horizontal load-bearing capacity of this type of shear walls.

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Ivankova, Olga, and Lenka Konecna. "Influence of the Load-Bearing System of a High-Rise Building on its Stiffness." Applied Mechanics and Materials 769 (June 2015): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.769.29.

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Static and dynamic analysis of the high-rise (24-storey) building is discussed in this paper. The influence of the change of load-bearing system on its stiffness in the case of seismic event was detected. Two different load-bearing systems were chosen – the wall system (alt.1) and the skeleton system (alt.2). Finite element method was used for the solution of 3D computing models. Short description of the building, used material, applied load, a type of the subsoil and obtained results are mentioned. Dynamic analysis was repeated for four various seismic areas in Slovakia.

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Moradi, Mohammad Javad, Mohammad Mahdi Roshani, Amirhosein Shabani, and Mahdi Kioumarsi. "Prediction of the Load-Bearing Behavior of SPSW with Rectangular Opening by RBF Network." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (February 10, 2020): 1185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10031185.

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As a lateral load-bearing system, the steel plate shear wall (SPSW) is utilized in different structural systems that are susceptible to seismic risk and because of functional reasons SPSWs may need openings. In this research, the effects of rectangular openings on the lateral load-bearing behavior of the steel shear walls by the finite element method (FEM) is investigated. The results of the FEM are used for the prediction of SPSW behavior using the artificial neural network (ANN). The radial basis function (RBF) network is used to model the effects of the rectangular opening in the SPSW with different plate thicknesses. The results showed that the opening leads to reduced load-bearing capacity, stiffness and absorbed energy, which can be precisely predicted by employing RBF network model. Besides, the suitable relative area of the opening is determined.

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Guo, Yi Qing, and Ping Zhou Cao. "Experimental Research of Lightweight Composite Wall on Lateral and Vertical Loads." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 514–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.514.

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To overcome the shortcomings of assembly lightweight steel structure residential system in our country. A new type of lightweight energy-saving composite wall is proposed, which is composed by light-gauge shaped steel and thin panel. In order to investigate the load-bearing behaviour and failure mode of the composite wall, 4 wall specimens in full ratio were designed and manufactured. The experiment study is carried out under lateral and vertical loads. The results show that the self-drilling screw integrate the light-gauge shaped steel and thin panel to bear loads. The decrease of self-drilling screw spacing can effectively enhance the load-bearing capacity of the composite wall, and the best choice of the self-drilling screw pitch is 150mm. The composite wall has good bearing and deformation capacity, and it is suitable for applying to light weight steel residential system in our country.

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Majid, Masni A., and Wan Hamidon Wan Badaruzzaman. "Experimental Evaluation of Profiled Steel Sheet Dry Board Wall Panel System." Key Engineering Materials 594-595 (December 2013): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.594-595.421.

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This research paper describes the investigation of new innovative form of lightweight composite known as Profiled Steel Sheeting Dry Board (PSSDB) wall panel system. Profiled Steel Sheeting Dry Board (PSSDB) is categorized as Industrialized Building System where paneling system has been developed to substitute the traditional structure of brick wall. The proposed system is a novel form of double and single sheathed composite panel. It consists of dry board and profiled steel sheet for middle core, attached by screws at both surfaces forming the composite action. This paper present the experimental results of twelve full scaled samples of PSSDB wall panel by using Cliplock 610 and PEVA45 as profiled steel sheet and PrimaFlex dry board for surface sheathed. All 12 wall panel samples have been tested under axial load until failure. From the experiment, it was found that the maximum load capacity of PSSDB wall panel can withstand is 1329kN with PEVA45 at screw spacing of 200 mm. While for the wall panel assembled using Cliplock 610, the maximum load is 612kN. The study shows that the new PSSDB wall panel system has a great potential to be used as a load bearing under axial load and expected to have a confidence for structural system in future construction.

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Su, Yi Sheng, Yue Chun Luo, Guo Liang Jiang, Jin Yun Quan, and Yi Shen. "Seismic Analysis of Fly Ash Plate Sandwich Polyurethane Insulation Composite Wall." Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (January 2013): 1003–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.1003.

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In order to study the seismic stress performance of the reinforced concrete frame assembly fly ash plate sandwich polyurethane composite wall insulation system (FW). In this paper, 2 bay single-layer single-span hollow fly ash plate sandwich polyurethane in filled frames were tested under low cyclic horizontal loadings with different ratio of high to width and different stiffness frame . Based on the experiment, the damage process, failure mode, load carrying capacity are studied. The interaction between the fly ash plate sandwich polyurethane infill walls and the overall frame of constraint system are investigated. The results indicate that the bearing capacity has little related to height-width ratio of wall; sandwich polyurethane wall panels and frame has good integrity and energy dissipation capacity; the ratio of high to width smaller, ductility of wall is better . After study the failure pattern of the specimen, we know that the bearing capacity of fly ash powder polyurethane thermal insulation wall is not accord with formula of seismic shear of not bearing masonry.

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Xia, Mingtan, Xudong Zhang, Gengshe Yang, Liu Hui, and Wanjun Ye. "Analysis of Vertical Load Transfer Mechanism of Assembled Lattice Diaphragm Wall in Collapsible Loess Area." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (July 8, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5574934.

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Based on analysis of the formation mechanism and characteristics of the negative friction in collapsible loess areas, this study investigates the load transfer law of a wall-soil system under a vertical load, establishes the vertical bearing model of a lattice diaphragm wall, and analyzes the vertical bearing capacity of an assembled latticed diaphragm wall (ALDW) in a loess area. The factors influencing the vertical bearing characteristics of the ALDW in a loess area are analyzed. The vertical bearing mechanism of the lattice diaphragm wall in the loess area is investigated. The failure modes of the ALDW in the loess area are mainly shear failure of the soil around the wall and failure of the wall-soil interface. In the generation and development of negative friction, there is always a point where the relative displacement of the wall-soil interface is zero at a certain depth below the ground; at this point, the wall and soil are relative to each other. The collapsibility of loess, settlement of the wall and surrounding soil, and rate and method of immersion are the factors affecting the lattice diaphragm wall. The conclusions of this study provide a reference for the design and construction of ALDWs in loess areas.

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Yang, De Jian, and Zong Chen. "Analysis to Earthquake Resistant Behavior of Composite Steel Plate Shear Wall Based on ABAQUS Software." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 1506–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.1506.

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The structural system and seismic performance of the composite shear wall are analyzed based on the horizontal load model tests. The test models are three groups of combined shear walls with shear span of 1.5, including an ordinary shear wall, a shear wall with vertical steel plates and a shear wall with transverse steel plates. The finite element software ABAQUS is used to build the calculation model of the shear wall structure. And the analysis the influence of steel plates to bearing capacity, ductility, and stiffness of shear wall are carried out. The research results indicate that the combination shear wall has good seismic behaviors.

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Advincula, Jericson H., Dustin Glenn C. Cuevas, Allan Dave A. Dela Cruz, and John Paul D. Carreon. "Structural Characterization of Foamed Composite Structural Insulated Panel with Coir for Load Bearing Wall Application." Materials Science Forum 934 (October 2018): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.934.222.

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Permanent formwork building system is a method that uses the formwork as a contributor to the load bearing capacity of the structure. This study characterized the proposed foamed composite structural insulated panel (CSIP) with coir for load bearing wall application in low rise construction. The percentage of coir in foamed concrete that could significantly increase the compressive and flexural strength of the panel considering the effect of coir to the workability of the foamed concrete were determined. The results showed that the samples with 0.5% coir had the maximum increase in its compressive and flexural capacity and further addition of coir decreases its capacities. The results also showed that it could carry the required design loads. Moreover, using Euler’s buckling equation for the effect of slenderness, the panel could be used as exterior wall for a height of 2m, 3m, and 4m and as interior wall for a height of 2m and 3m. It can be concluded that the proposed panel could be used as a load bearing wall in low rise construction.

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Osman, Bashir H., and Zhongfan Chen. "Experimental Studies on the Behaviors of New Energy-Saving Concrete Self-Insulating Load-Bearing Block Wall under Low-Cycle Cyclic Loading." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (October 4, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4214532.

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Masonry walls are usually designed to resist the effect of lateral and gravity loads resulting from wind or earthquake excitations. This research aimed at investigating the inelastic behavior of a new energy-saving concrete self-insulating load-bearing block wall (ECSLBW) under in-plane cyclic loading. To provide stronger bond between the concrete block units better than the ordinary concrete masonry units, a new masonry system of concrete blocks with special configurations was made. In this experiment, three new self-insulated block wall specimens were designed, manufactured, and tested. Furthermore, self-supporting structural column-ring beam structure system was used to observe the failure mode of the walls. Moreover, the mechanical properties and seismic indexes of the walls under lateral low-cyclic loading were analyzed, including hysteretic and skeleton curves, stiffness degradation, ductility, and energy losses. The results showed that the new energy-saving block wall can meet the seismic shear calculation under 8-degree rare earthquake and meet the antiseismic fortification target in 8-degree area. Furthermore, self-contained system can greatly improve the seismic shear capacity of the wall. Finally, the seismic shear capacity of the concrete column block masonry was calculated, and the technical application method of block masonry structure was recommended.

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Ma, Shaochun, Lianghui Li, and Peng Bao. "Seismic Performance Test of Double-Row Reinforced Ceramsite Concrete Composite Wall Panels with Cores." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (March 17, 2021): 2688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062688.

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The research objective of this study was the seismic performance of double-row reinforced ceramsite concrete sandwich wall panels. The feasibility of upgrading a new wall panel from a non-load-bearing partition wall to a load-bearing seismic wall was examined by conducting cyclic load tests on five wall panel specimens. The test piece was a sandwich thermal insulation structure that could achieve a good protection distance between the thermal insulation material and the fire source so that the fire prevention problem could be solved. At the same time, the problem of easy fall-off of the insulation system was also solved. The specimens were divided into three groups, including three double-row reinforced ceramsite concrete sandwich wall panels with different dosages of alkali-resistant glass fiber, a double-row reinforced ordinary concrete sandwich wall panel, and a solid concrete ceramic wallboard. The effects of different dosages of alkali-resistant glass fiber, construction forms, and bearing side plate materials on the seismic performance of the sandwich wall panels were investigated separately for the specimens. From the analysis of the specimen results (damage characteristics, hysteresis curves, energy dissipation capacity, bearing capacity, ductility, longitudinal reinforcement strain, and stiffness degradation), it could be seen that among the five types of wallboard, the double-row reinforced ceramsite concrete sandwich wall panel with 0.3% fiber content had the best ductility and energy dissipation capacity. Adding fiber could solve or improve the problem of the low ultimate bearing capacity of ceramsite concrete as the wallboard’s bearing material. Compared with the same size solid ordinary concrete wallboard, the bearing capacity of the double-row reinforced ceramic concrete sandwich panel was slightly reduced. However, the additional seismic performance indexes were relatively superior. Through the analysis of the test results, it was shown that, when considering the thermal performance and seismic capacity, the new wall panel had good prospects for engineering applications.

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Yardımlı, Seyhan, Murat Dal, and Esma Mıhlayanlar. "Investigation of Earthquake Behaviour of Construction System and Materials in Traditional Turkish Architecture." ITM Web of Conferences 22 (2018): 01034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20182201034.

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In this study, it is aimed to present a point of view regarding the behaviour of construction systems implemented in traditional Turkish architecture against earthquakes. In the scope of the study, examples of civil architecture were considered and their structures were evaluated as building elements such as foundation, wall and flooring. Traditional Turkish architecture construction systems can be evaluated in two parts. One of them is the wooden carcass system and the other is the unreinforced masonry system. In the wooden carcass system, the carrier is the load bearing elements used in horizontal and vertical directions. Intermediate parts (strut, diagonal etc.) are placed between these elements to form triangles. The triangles (strut, diagonal) used in the wooden skeleton system comprise highly resistant forms against earthquakes. Moreover, due to the internal structure and physical properties of the wood, which is the skeleton material, the flexibility that it maintains can meet the lateral loads of earthquakes. The second construction system which is the system addressed in this application, is the unreinforced masonry system. In this system, the loadbearing system itself is the walls, which are not resistant to lateral loads. In order to provide this flexibility beams (hatıllar) are installed at certain intervals. After the wall is built to a certain height, a different material is laid allowing a plane of movement on the wall. Thus, when the wall is exposed to a lateral load, it escapes from the planes where the beams (hatıllar) are present, and is protected against large damages by absorbing the earthquake load. In order to establish that the foundation of the structure can withstand earthquakes by movement, wood is placed at the lower part of the foundation above a layer of sand ensuring lateral movement and flexibility of the building. In traditional buildings the slabs are connected to the building walls with beams (hatıllar). Through the agency of the beams (hatıllar) formed at the connection points, the slabs can act as a mass so that they can meet the earthquake load. Allowing the structure to move makes it resistant to earthquakes, seismic isolators are used for this purpose by absorbing the earthquake load and moving the foundation of the structure.

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Kahrizi, Mehdi, and Mehrzad TahamouliRoudsari. "SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS IN 2017 EZGELEH EARTHQUAKE, IRAN." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 53, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 70–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.53.2.70-82.

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Due to the high number of students and the possibility of a high death toll during an earthquake, school buildings are considered as highly important structures in most of today’s seismic codes. The constituents of the structures of these buildings including the load bearing walls and the steel/ concrete components have to be designed so that they are at least capable of life-safety structural performance in the face of strong earthquakes. Meanwhile, due to their significant effects on the response of the structure, the performance of load-bearing and infill walls is particularly important. Observations from educational facilities after the Ezgeleh earthquake of November 12th, 2017 have revealed that the school buildings with unconfined load-bearing wall structural system located in near and far fields of the earthquake have sustained the highest level of damage. Schools with steel and reinforced concrete (RC) structural systems have fared much better in terms of seismic performance and damage. In this study, in addition to the specifications of the 2017 Ezgeleh earthquake, the structural systems and the infill walls used in the educational facilities in the earthquake – affected areas are introduced. Then, the performances of different school buildings with varying structural systems located in the far and near fields of the earthquake were investigated. The results obtained from field observations have been summed up and presented.

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Maharjan, Rajib, and Vivek Shrestha. "Analysis of One Bay Residential Building with Combined RCC Frame and Load Bearing Wall Structures." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 13, no. 1 (June 22, 2018): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v13i1.20356.

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The major purpose of this study is to justify construction method of a hybrid structure in core area with construction complexity due unsafe excavation conditions and tries to define its rigidity and strength. Both RCC and Frame structure transfer same load to ground through foundation but the transfer mechanism varies. In some practical condition, building construction should be carried out in compact areas with unsafe adjoining building where adequate excavation for foundation cannot be carried out. In such cases, one bay hybrid structure is proposed for construction with combined RCC frame structure and load bearing walls. In these combined cases, both structures works as same unit to transfer building load but the transfer pattern varies. The variable load transfer pattern is due to discontinuity in structural system which also effect on seismic response of the building. The placement of a masonry load bearing structure in RCC frame structure varies design of all structural components of the building. To study actual behavior of hybrid structure in various load condition and introducing cost minimization techniques of buildings structural analysis was carried using ETABS 2016 with composite structural arrangement and with induction of load bearing wall as structural component. By which seismic behavior of building in both cases was obtained as well as reduction in rebar percentage and dimensional reduction of structural components can be achieved.Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2017, 13(1): 117-124

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Lei, Xue Chen, Lang Wu, and Jing Wu. "A Calculation Model for High Rise Frame-Shear Wall Load Bearing Skeleton Structures." Advanced Materials Research 935 (May 2014): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.935.259.

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The Skeleton-Infill residential building system has its particular advantages in building industrialization. In order to utilize this building type into high rise residential buildings, this paper proposes a calculation model for the frame-shear wall load bearing skeleton structure with limited floor stiffness. A simplified calculation method adopting ODEs is also demonstrated. A numerical example is proceeded to verify the effectiveness and accuracy of this methodology.

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Ding, Da Yi, Chang Shu, Yang Gao, Yuan Qing Wang, Da Peng Pei, and Yan Tang. "Design and Analysis of Section-III Cable Net Curtain Wall of Hefei Xinqiao International Airport Terminal." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 903–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.903.

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Section-Ⅲ landside curtain wall of Hefei Xinqiao International Airport terminal adopted single layer cable net curtain wall, while others adopted stick-system curtain wall structure. In this paper, the section-Ⅲ overall structure model of Hefei Xinqiao International Airport terminal was established by using the finite element method (FEM) software ANSYS. The load bearing capacity and deformability of landside curtain wall under load cases with seismic loads and wind loads were analyzed. Also the cable net curtain wall’s effect on the main structure was discussed. The results showed that the displacements of curtain wall and the internal forces of cables met the requirements, and the cable net curtain wall had little effect on the main steel structure.

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Hong, Won-Kee, Dai-Young Yune, Seon-Chee Park, and Tae-Ho Yoon. "An Assessment of the Energy and Resource-efficient Hybrid Composite Beams for Multi-residential Apartments." Indoor and Built Environment 20, no. 1 (November 29, 2010): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x10390556.

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Apartments with load-bearing wall construction are used extensively in Korea, but have the disadvantage of a short life, causing serious economic losses in terms of construction waste, materials and energy consumption. This paper presents the findings on multi-residential apartments that utilise a hybrid composite frame as a viable alternative for the energy efficiency associated with construction materials. The hybrid composite frame consists of a structural tee, reinforcement steels and pre-cast concrete. The use of the hybrid composite frame reduces the overall amount of energy consumption. In addition, multi-residential apartments utilising a hybrid composite frame have advantages such as flexibility in planning and easier repair and remodelling. This study investigates tower-shape, multi-residential apartments of various heights and floor areas to compare the energy efficiency of the hybrid composite system with that of the bearing wall system. The multi-residential apartments that utilise the hybrid composite frame are analysed in terms of both reduced principal materials and reduced energy consumption compared with apartments of a load-bearing wall structure. Rapid demand for long life and multi-residential apartment construction is expected.

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Brunetta, Renathielly Fernanda da Silva, Samuel Nelson Melegari de Souza, Alessander Christopher Morales Kormann, and Alexandre Haag Leite. "Life cycle energy assessment and carbon dioxide emissions of wall systems for rural houses." Ambiente Construído 21, no. 1 (January 2021): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212021000100492.

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Abstract Wall systems have a wide range of embodied energy due to the diversity of materials available. This paper analyzes the expenditure of energy and carbon dioxide emissions in internal and external wall systems (IEWS) of a rural residence of social interest in Cascavel, state of Paraná, Brazil. The methodology proposed by NBR ISO 14040 was used to perform a life-cycle energy assessment (LCEA) and the carbon dioxide emissions assessment (LCCO2A) of these systems. Four scenarios were considered: reinforced concrete structure and ceramic blocks wall system, load-bearing masonry with concrete blocks, steel framing and reinforced concrete walls molded on site. As a result, it was found that it is possible to reduce energy consumption up to 25% by opting for reinforced concrete walls molded on site. In regards to CO2 emission, it was verified that the difference is even greater, being able to reduce emissions by almost 32% when opting for this same scenario.

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Ren, Wen Jie, Zhi Cheng Ma, and Zhi Qiang Wang. "Research on Seismic Behavior of Infilled Frame Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 2148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.2148.

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The infilled frame structure is a kind of structural system used widely in the industrial and civil building. Although the infill walls are no-load-bearing components, the walls are also subjected to some earthquake actions. During some domestic and foreign large earthquakes in recent years, the infill wall were destroyed seriously and the frame were destroyed lightly. The damage of the infill wall not only influences the application of the building, but also increases repair costs for restoring the building, seriously, even endangers the life safety. This paper analyzes the influence of the connection method between the infill wall and the frame on the seismic behaviors of the infilled frame structure. Finally, some new technologies to protect the infill wall and the frame from damage under earthquake are introduced.

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Gómez Bernal, Alonso, Daniel A. Manzanares-Ponce, Omar Vargas-Arguello, Eduardo Arellano-Méndez, Hugón Juárez-García, and Oscar M. González-Cuevas. "Experimental behavior of a masonry wall supported on a RC twoway slab." DYNA 82, no. 194 (December 21, 2015): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v82n194.46333.

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This paper discusses the experimental results of a prototype slab-wall that is subjected to vertical and horizontal cyclic loading. The key aspects under discussion are: (a) the differences between the capacity resistance of a wall supported on a slab vs. a wall supported on a fixed base, (b) the implications when shear walls are placed directly on transfer concrete slabs, and (c) the effects that these walls cause on the slabs. The most important results presented herein are the change on lateral stiffness and resistance capacity of the load-bearing wall supported on a slab versus the wall supported on a fixed base. Analytical finite element slab-wall models were built using ANSYS. During the experimental test process of horizontal loading, we detected that the stiffness of the slab-wall system decreased by a third compared to the one on the fixed base wall; a result that supported by the numerical models.

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Sun, Jian, Hongxing Qiu, and Hongbo Jiang. "Lateral load behaviour of a rectangular precast shear wall involving vertical bolted connections." Advances in Structural Engineering 22, no. 5 (November 8, 2018): 1211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433218807685.

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This article is concerned about precast reinforced concrete shear walls and the methods of assembling shear wall panels to form a reliable load transfer system. An assembling method is proposed using dry connection through an H-shaped steel connector (H-connector) and high-strength bolts. A preliminary design, including the H-connector design and bolt design, has been carried out based on the force analysis on the vertical connection in the wall assembly. On the basis of the finite element analysis verified by an experimental study, the preliminary design has been confirmed and a monolithic coefficient ( ζ) has been used to evaluate the cooperative working performance of the two parallel shear walls. Then this article continues to carry out a finite element parametric study on the mechanical behaviour of the precast reinforced concrete shear walls with varying parameters, which includes the bolt specification, the frictional coefficient on the contact surface within the bolted connection and the thickness of the H-connector flange. The lateral load bearing capacity, lateral stiffness and cooperative working performance of the wall assemblies involving these varying parameters have been broadly analysed.

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., Amit Barde. "LOAD BEARING RCC SHEAR WALL SYSTEM FOR TALL RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN INDIA – A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE ON MINIMUM WALL THICKNESS REQUIREMENTS." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 05, no. 32 (November 25, 2016): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2016.0532006.

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Muhamad, Muhammad Ilman Faiz, Norazman Mohamad Nor, Muhamed Alias Yusof, and Hapsa Husen. "Design of Interlocking Bricks Beam." Key Engineering Materials 858 (August 2020): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.858.188.

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Interlocking Brick System (IBs) is one of the current technologies used in the construction of load bearing walls. The concepts behind the IBs include the elimination of the mortar layer. The interlocking brick system investigated in this study is load bearing interlocking brick beam system relied on U-shaped hollow bricks in bed row to form beam to transfer load from wall opening. Reinforced concrete grout stiffeners were added in vertical and horizontal directions to enhance the stability and integrity of the beams. Mortar and grout are used as infill material. Generally, in this research, specimens are prepared for full scale testing with different parameters in reinforcement and fillings. The size of interlocking brick is 125 mm x 250 mm x 100 mm and the diameter of reinforcement bar (rebar) used is 12 mm. The dimension of the interlocking bricks beam is 2130 mm length, 125 mm width, and 300 mm height. The arrangement of hollow interlocking brick in bed row will causes a ductile behavior which will be mitigated by the horizontal reinforcement coated by mortar or grout between two layers of hollow brick.

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Han, Lim Chung, Abdul Karim Bin Mirasa, Ismail Saad, Nurmin Bt. Bolong, Nurul Shahadahtul Afizah Bt. Asman, Hidayati Bte Asrah, and Eddy Syaizul Rizam Bin Abdullah. "Use of Compressed Earth Bricks/Blocks in Load-Bearing Masonry Structural Systems: A Review." Materials Science Forum 997 (June 2020): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.997.9.

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Clay fired bricks are commonly encountered in the construction sector as infill between structural frames. This system has been favoured by builders due to familiarity, ease of manufacture, and they also do not require skilled labourers to erect. Produced from moulded clay and hardened by firing in a kiln, brick production is both energy intensive and high in CO2 emission. Fired bricks are typically held together by cement mortar at the bed and perpend joints which provide very minimal resistance against shearing or flexure. This meant brick walls often require additional wind posts or stiffeners to provide stability. Compressed earth masonry offers an alternative to the conventional brick walling system in that, besides having the advantages of conventional bricks, they also confer higher compressive strengths due to the high-pressure compaction manufacturing process. The high strength allows the system to be adapted into load-bearing masonry system for use in low-rise buildings as an alternative to the more expensive reinforced concrete or steel framing system. The high-pressure compaction process along with high quality moulds also give fair-faced finished to the bricks, allowing them to be used as facing bricks and eliminating the need for surface finishing such as plastering. Additionally, compressed bricks featuring interlocking key holes along the bed joints allows for simplified and faster wall erection process. This review paper aims to document the research progress thus far in adopting the compressed interlocking bricks as a sustainable alternative to current building materials.

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Suntharalingam, Thadshajini, Perampalam Gatheeshgar, Irindu Upasiri, Keerthan Poologanathan, Brabha Nagaratnam, Heshachanaa Rajanayagam, and Satheeskumar Navaratnam. "Numerical Study of Fire and Energy Performance of Innovative Light-Weight 3D Printed Concrete Wall Configurations in Modular Building System." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 20, 2021): 2314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042314.

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3D Printed Concrete (3DPC) technology is currently evolving with high demand amongst researches and the integration of modular building system (MBS) with this technology would provide a sustainable solution to modern construction challenges. The use of lightweight concrete in such innovative construction methods offers lightweight structures with better heat and sound insulation compared to normal weight concrete. It is worth noting that fire and energy performance has become central to building design. However, there are limited research studies on the combined thermal energy and fire performance of 3DPC walls. Therefore, this study investigates fire performance of 20 numbers of varying 3DPC wall configurations using validated finite element models under standard fire conditions. The fire performance analysis demonstrated that 3DPC non-load bearing cavity walls have substantial resistance under standard fire load and its performance can be further improved with Rockwool insulation. There is significant improvement in terms of fire performance when the thickness of the walls increases in a parallel row manner. Previous thermal energy investigation also showed a lower U-value for increased thickness of similar 3DPC walls. This research concludes with a proposal of using 3DPC wall with Rockwool insulation for amplified combined thermal energy and fire performance to be used in MBS.

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Foteinaki, Kyriaki, Rongling Li, Alfred Heller, Morten Herget Christensen, and Carsten Rode. "Dynamic thermal response of low-energy residential buildings based on in-wall measurements." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911104002.

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This study analysed the dynamic thermal response of a low-energy building using measurement data from an apartment block in Copenhagen, Denmark. Measurements were collected during February and July 2018 on space heating energy use, set-points, room air temperature and temperature from sensors integrated inside concrete elements, i.e. internal walls and ceiling, at different heights and depths. The heating system was controlled by the occupants. During February, there were unusually high set-points for some days and a regular heating pattern for some other days. Overheating was observed during July. A considerable effect of solar gain was observed both during winter and summer months. The room air temperature fluctuations were observed at a certain extent inside the concrete elements; higher in the non-load-bearing internal wall, followed by the load-bearing internal wall and lastly by the ceiling. The phenomenon of delayed thermal response of the concrete elements was observed. All internal concrete masses examined may be regarded as active elements and can contribute to the physically available heat storage potential of the building. The study provides deep insight into the thermal response of concrete elements in low-energy residential buildings, which should be considered when planning a flexible space heating energy use.

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Karantoni, Fillitsa V., and Dimitris N. Sarantitis. "Interventions to Structural System of Masonry Buildings and their Effects to their Seismic Response." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 13, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801913010099.

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Background: Preservation of listed buildings, depending on the importance of each one, requires the conservation of the whole structure or of only the external walls, often called shell of the building, or even only of the façade. In the latter cases, although the new structure is studied to undergo the applied loads according to the codes in force, less research is made to study the response of the remaining structure under seismic loads. Objective: The response of unreinforced masonry (URM) structures with alterations of the original load bearing system to strong ground motions is studied in the present paper. Commonly used radical interventions comprise the addition of a steel or reinforced concrete frame in the interior of the structure after removal of interior load bearing or/and dividing walls. The embedded substructure is designed to support the functional loads of the building and commensurate seismic design forces associated with its mass. In this setting, perimeter walls are relieved of any bearing action apart from resisting the state of stress associated with their self-weight. An important design decision is the extent of contact and interaction that is allowed to occur between the perimeter URM walls and the interior structural system; both options present advantages and disadvantages. Methods: The effect that this design option has on the seismic response of the composite system is studied in this paper using linear elastic finite element analysis. The effect of each intervention is estimated by comparing the principal tensile stresses (pts) developed on the walls before and after each intervention as well as the percentage of the wall areas in elevation where the pts are higher than tensile strength of masonry. Results: It is found that connection of the frame to the masonry walls at several points around the floor and roof perimeters creates a diaphragm action that effectively reduces the out-of-plane bending of the self-standing perimeter URM walls without excessive local stress intensities and increases the shear strength of the building. Lack of contact between the old and new load bearing elements leads to higher intensity stresses due to bending and only the addition of a reinforced concrete tie belt at the top of the walls may mitigate serious damage. Conclusions: The cooperation of the Moment Resisting Frames, irrespective of the material of the frame (reinforced concrete or structural steel) and the walls by connecting the perimeter structural walls with it at floor and roof levels, is more efficient to the stress state of the walls transforming the critical out-of-plane bending of later to shear one, preventing them from out-of-plane collapse.

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Witzany, Jiří, Tomáš Čejka, Jiří Karas, Aleš Polák, and Radek Zigler. "Experimental Research into Demountable Joints of a Precast System." Solid State Phenomena 249 (April 2016): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.249.325.

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The TA02010837 project "Multipurpose dismantleable prefabricated reinforced concrete building system with controlled joint properties and the possibility of repeated use " includes the development of a multi-purpose reinforced concrete precast system with demountable joints. The novel concept of the reinforced concrete precast structure brings numerous innovative, not yet verified solutions, construction and structural problems, functional requirements and user qualities. Apart from theoretical and numerical analyses, a component part of the research is demanding and extensive experimental research into the load-bearing system’s structural members and nodes, including the verification of the hybrid prototype implementation system in which the basic versions of the presumed system alternatives are applied – a column, pillar, wall, integrated system and a system composed of open spatial wall units.

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Fernando, Dilum, JG Teng, Joseph Gattas, and Michael Heitzmann. "Hybrid fibre-reinforced polymer–timber thin-walled structural members." Advances in Structural Engineering 21, no. 9 (December 15, 2017): 1409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433217739709.

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The increasing interest in timber as a sustainable construction material has led to the development of a new type of structures referred to as ‘hybrid fibre-reinforced polymer–timber thin-walled structures’. In these structures, thin layers of fibre-reinforced polymer are combined with timber veneers to create high-performance, lightweight and easy-to-construct structural members. This new type of structural members harnesses the orthotropic properties of both timber and fibre-reinforced polymer by appropriately orientating material fibre directions for optimal composite properties as well as efficient thin-walled cross-sectional shapes. Hybrid fibre-reinforced polymer–timber thin-walled members can be used in many applications such as load-bearing walls, roofs, floor panels and bridge decks. This article describes several novel hybrid fibre-reinforced polymer–timber structural member forms and presents results from a preliminary experimental investigation into the compressive behaviour of hybrid fibre-reinforced polymer–timber wall panels. A comparison of behaviour between a hybrid fibre-reinforced polymer–timber wall panel and a pure timber wall panel is presented to show that the hybrid fibre-reinforced polymer–timber system significantly outperforms the pure timber system in terms of both load resistance and axial strain at failure.

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Hong, Junqing, Shaofeng Zhang, Hai Fang, Xunqian Xu, Honglei Xie, and Yuntian Wang. "Structural performance of textile reinforced concrete sandwich panels under axial and transverse load." REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE 60, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 64–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rams-2021-0015.

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Abstract The performance of textile reinforced concrete composite panels (TRCCPs) under the action of pseudo-static load up to collapse was evaluated. The test of TRCCPs under axial and transverse loading was conducted, and the results were compared with those for steel wire mesh reinforced-concrete composite panels (SMRCCPs). Ceram-site concrete was utilized as the panel matrix owing to its lightweight and insulation characteristics. The ultimate load bearing capacity, load-deformation and load-strain relationships, and failure modes were discussed and investigated in comparison with the findings of non-linear finite-element-model (FEM) analysis and the analytic method on the basis of the reinforced concrete (RC) theory. The analysis results indicate that TRCCP is suitable for use as a potential structural member for a wall or slab system of buildings, and the typical RC theory can be applied to predict the ultimate load bearing capacity if modified suitably.

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Zhu, Limeng, Lingmao Kong, and Chunwei Zhang. "Numerical Study on Hysteretic Behaviour of Horizontal-Connection and Energy-Dissipation Structures Developed for Prefabricated Shear Walls." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (February 12, 2020): 1240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041240.

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This study proposed a developed horizontal-connection and energy-dissipation structure (HES), which could be employed for horizontal connection of prefabricated shear wall structural system. The HES consists of an external replaceable energy dissipation (ED) zone mainly for energy dissipation and an internal stiffness lifting (SL) zone for enhancing the load-bearing capacity. By the predicted displacement threshold control device, the ED zone made in bolted low-yielding steel plates could firstly dissipate the energy and can be replaced after damage, the SL zone could delay the load-bearing and the load-displacement curves of the HES would exhibit “double-step” characteristics. Detailed finite element models are established and validated in software ABAQUS. parametric analysis including aspect ratio, the shape of the steel plate in the ED zone and the displacement threshold in the SL zone, is conducted. It is found that the HES depicts high energy dissipation ability and its bearing capacity could be obtained again after the yielding of the ED zone. The optimized X-shaped steel plate in the ED zone exhibit better performance. The “double-step” design of the HES is a potential way of improving the seismic and anti-collapsing performance of prefabricated shear wall structures against large and super-large earthquakes.

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Liu, Shouqian, and Zhan Song. "High Temperature Performance of a prefabricated concrete sandwich panel." E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 03028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123303028.

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The innovative sandwich wall panel studied in this paper can be used as the load-bearing member of the structure. In addition to the traditional sandwich panel structure, the new panel system also has the characteristics of spiral stirrups along the section of the core column, 650mm column spacing, foam concrete for insulation layer and self-compacting concrete for outer layer. In addition, in order to improve the overall strength and stiffness of the panel, a unique wire system consisting of two vertical wire mesh connected by a short horizontal steel bar is adopted in the concrete layer. In order to study the mechanical properties of the new panel system at high temperature, ABAQUS simulation was carried out. The simulation results show that the new precast concrete sandwich wall system has good resistance to high temperature and still has good bearing capacity after high temperature.

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Zhang, Wei Jing, Qian Zhang, and Pei Ru Fu. "Construction Technique of Cast In Situ RC Grillage Shear Wall Building Formed with Thermal Insulation Hollow Blocks." Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (April 2014): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.39.

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The cast-in-situ reinforced concrete grillage shear wall system with non-dismantling formwork is a new type of structural system characterized by load-bearing and thermal insulation, and the research on the construction technique is crucial to its promotion and application. Combined with the pilot building, the key technology and construction measures are introduced in this paper, which can provide reference for the related projects in future.

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Maleki Toulabi, Hossein, Mojtaba Hosseini, and Kamran Rahim Of. "Technical Evaluation of Integrated Wall and Roof Formwork System and Its Comparison with Ordinary Concrete Building Construction Method." Civil Engineering Journal 4, no. 2 (March 6, 2018): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-0309102.

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Nowadays, the development of construction industry is one of the development indices of countries. On the other hand, development of construction industry is more urgent than ever with increased population and consequently, increased desire for urbanization. Considering the inadequacy of traditional and conventional systems for mass housing production, the approach to use modern industrial methods of building along with new technology and observance of the latest technical standards is critical. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate and compare construction method of reinforced concrete cast in-situ walls and slabs with the conventional method of constructing concrete structures using MSP software. Studies show that the integrated wall and ceiling molding technique has been used since the late 1970s in the construction of high-rise residential towers. Currently, integrated wall and ceiling molding system is used as one of the methods in the construction of buildings with load-bearing wall and concrete ceiling. This method brings about improvements in quality, earthquake resistance, reduced run-time, reduced cost, quick return on investment, saving on materials consumption, reduced labor, eco-friendliness, sustainability and longer durability, reduced resource consumption, integrated structure, fire resistance, high flexibility, and employee safety.

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Jia, Ying Jie, Quan Yuan, and Qian Feng Yao. "Research on Shear Resistant Capacity and Reliability of Multi-Ribbed Composite Wall in High-Rise Building." Key Engineering Materials 302-303 (January 2006): 669–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.302-303.669.

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As a new structural system, MRSS (multi-ribbed slab structure) has some applications in multistory building. But theoretical investigation and application study on multi-ribbed composite wall in high-rise building should be developed with various factors composing shear resistant capacity of wall under complicated loads. By means of model test and numerical simulation with FEM (finite element method), shear resistant expression of slab in tall building is set up and reliability index of a representative wall under small earthquake is figured out. Sensitivity of each factor affecting shear strength is evaluated. These works disclose the wall’s load bearing mechanism and make the structure application more feasible and assure the new system safety in practice.

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He, Ming Sheng, Gui Ju Shi, and Jun Wei Zheng. "Experimental Study on Collaborative Work Performance of Multi-Functional Vibration-Absorption Structure to Enclosing Wall." Applied Mechanics and Materials 50-51 (February 2011): 314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.50-51.314.

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Multi-functional Vibration-absorption Structure to Enclosing Wall (MVEW) is a new type of vibration absorption technology. In the structure, by the combination of frame filled wall, TMD and vibration absorption system, advantages of each part are used. To understand collaborative work performances of MVEW in minor earthquakes, 1/2 scale model of MVEW with two layers and one span is designed, and be carried out under three work situations(frame structure ,100mm and 200mm thickness enclosure wall), and monotonous lateral load tests were carried out. The result indicates that the shearing force bear by enclosing wall increase as the height increasing, similarly, it decrease by height increase for frame column. As the existing of enclosing wall, the stiffness and bearing capacity of MVEW are stronger obviously than frame structure. And when brittle compressive components are set at the top and bottom of the wall, the lateral force bear by the wall will be higher obviously than only setting (brittle compressive components) at the top of the wall, which showing that the wall will bear more lateral load by increasing touch point between enclosing wall and the column.

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Tiong, Patrick Liq Yee, Sing Ping Chiew, and Beng Hur Teow. "Case study of load-bearing precast wall system subject to low seismic intensity by linear and nonlinear analyses." Case Studies in Structural Engineering 6 (December 2016): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csse.2016.05.001.

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Liu, Yun Lin, Wan Yun Yin, Ru Ling, Ke Wei Ding, Ren Cai Jin, and Shou Chen Liu. "Finite Element Analysis of the Precast Shear Walls." Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (January 2013): 1276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.1276.

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To reduce the construction cost of the domestic promotion of the new prefabricated concrete shear wall structure system which is promoted in our country. To analyze the factors which can affect the load-carrying capacity and seismic performance of shear wall, including the axial compression ratio, the concrete strength, the reinforcement ratio and some other factors. Among all these factors, the axial compression ratio is the main factor influencing the seismic performance and the section ductility [1]. This paper adopts the ANSYS finite element analysis program, operating a nonlinear analysis on the performance of the precast shear wall when it is with one-way loading, studying the axial compression ratio's effect on the bearing capacity and deformability of the precast shear wall. According to the finite element analysis, when the axial compression ratio is between 0.2 to 0.4 and as it rises, the specimen's bearing capacity and stiffness will increases while deformability and ductility will decrease. Through the finite element analysis, we can provide reliable theory basis for the performance of the precast shear wall when it is with one-way loading.

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Wan, Lirong, Shuai Zhang, Zhaosheng Meng, and Yunyue Xie. "Analysis of the Protection Performance of Face Guard for Large Mining Height Hydraulic Support." Shock and Vibration 2021 (March 12, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6631017.

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With the increase of mining height, the problem of coal wall spalling in the working face gradually worsens. Hydraulic support and its face guard structure are the key pieces of equipment to restrain the coal wall spalling. However, at present, the hydraulic jack is mostly considered as rigid in the analysis of protection mechanism. This simplification cannot effectively reflect the true bearing state of the face guard. In order to improve the accuracy of analysis, this study considers the face guard jack as a flexible spring and establishes a rigid-flexible coupling analysis model of the face guard mechanism. First, based upon the multibody dynamics software ADAMS®, the multibody numerical model of the face guard of the hydraulic support was established. The influence of the two kinds of structures on the coal wall disturbance was analyzed and compared. Then, the rigid model was meshed. The hydraulic jacks were equivalent to the spring system, and the rigid-flexible coupling model was established. Based upon the application load on different positions of the rigid-flexible model, the load-bearing characteristics and hinge point force transfer characteristics of the two face guards were analyzed. The results show that the support efficiency of the integral type was higher than that of the split type. In the vertical support attitude, the dynamic disturbance of the coal wall, produced by the two kinds of face guards, was small. The four-bar linkage effectively improved the ultimate bearing capacity of the integral face guard. The results provide theoretical support for the design and optimization of the face guard.

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Ma, De Yun, Yong Zhi Zuo, Hai Wen Teng, and Da Huo. "Anti-Seismic Capacity Analysis and Structural Appraisal & Reinforcement of a Multi-Story Masonry Building with Load-Bearing of Longitudinal Wall." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 466–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.466.

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Based on the analysis for damages of masonry structure from Wenchuan earthquake, the seismic behavior of multi-story masonry school building is analyzed, and the seismic behavior with load-bearing structural system of longitudinal wall is mainly discussed. Based on the analysis and study, several problems which need more attention to the seismic appraisal and reinforcing design are pointed out, and finally the differences and correlation of seismic appraisal, as well as seismic design are discussed.

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Wang, Wei. "Research on Seismic Design of High-Rise Buildings Based on Framed-Shear Structural System." Frontiers Research of Architecture and Engineering 3, no. 3 (December 14, 2020): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/frae.v3i3.2670.

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Under the rapidly advancing economic trends, people’s requirements for the functionality and architectural artistry of high-rise structures are constantly increasing, and in order to meet such modern requirements, it is necessary to diversify the functions of high-rise buildings and complicate the building form. At present, the main structural systems of high-rise buildings are: frame structure, shear wall structure, frame shear structure, and tube structure. Different structural systems determine the size of the load-bearing capacity, lateral stiffness, and seismic performance, as well as the amount of material used and the cost. This project is mainly concerned with the seismic design of frame shear structural systems, which are widely used today.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Load-bearing wall system'

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