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Journal articles on the topic 'Load calculation'
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1
Gorodetsky, Alexander, Mariya Barabash, Maryna Romashkina, and Andrii Tomashevskyi. "“CHARACTERISTIC LOAD” PRINCIPLE." International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering 16, no. 2 (June 26, 2020): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2587-9618-2020-16-2-50-62.
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The article discusses examples of the application of the principle of "characteristic load" (calculations taking into account engineering non-linearity; the designation of subgrade reaction moduli; the designation of the sizes of shelves for beam grillage). The principle of "characteristic load" on the one hand implements the consideration of various factors that are not available when calculating in a linear formulation, on the other hand, it preserves the traditional calculation technology
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Zubkov, Vladimir, and Nadezhda Kondratyeva. "Calculation Methodology of Translucent Construction Elements in Buildings and Other Structures." MATEC Web of Conferences 196 (2018): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819602015.
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The paper proposes a calculation methodology of translucent structures elements in buildings and other structures under distributed or concentrated load. The authors describe calculations sequence and introduce formulas used to determine tensile and shearing stresses influencing glass and sheet glass deflection. Mechanical loads to which translucent structures are subjected should be calculated with account of the SP 20.13330.2016 requirements, "Loads and impacts". The task of calculating the translucent part of the structure is reduced to determining maximum stresses in the glass under the calculated load q. This value should not exceed calculated stress values under bending R and the glass used. Triplex should be calculates as two independent glasses under 0.5 values of the total load. In multilayer glasses (triplex) the thickness of sheets should be taken as identical, being not more than 10 mm of each sheet. According to this methodology, the calculation error of sheet glass in translucent constructions of buildings and structures does not exceed 10%.
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Ryahovskiy, O. A., and V. S. Syromyatnikov. "A Calculation of the Main Load Coefficient in Threaded Connections." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 8 (713) (August 2019): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2019-8-10-17.
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Threaded connections of machine parts are widely used in various technical devices. The needs of modern machines stimulate the development of accurate methods for calculating and assembling threaded connections. The problem of calculating the strength of the connection is associated with determining the coefficient of the main load that affects the distribution of the external load between the bolt and the machine parts. One part of the load falls on the bolt; the other part unloads the connection elements. Until recently, when calculating the coefficient of the main load, approximations or recommendations to take its value in the range of 0.2–0.3 have been used. This paper refines the calculations and presents specific mathematical expressions for a computer program developed for calculating the coefficient of the main load. The calculation results show that the value of coefficient of the main load varies over a wide range depending on the bolt diameter, thickness, material of the parts, etc. An analysis of the results of programming and the construction of the regression dependence of the coefficient of the main load on the thickness of the connection for a given series of standard bolts is carried out using the statistical package Statgraphic Plus. Regression simplifies the calculation of the coefficient of the main load for any thickness of parts with a slight decrease in accuracy.
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Akhtulov, A. L., O. M. Kirasirov, and M. O. Kirasirov. "Features of calculation of steel structures of bridge cranes at variable loads." MATEC Web of Conferences 298 (2019): 00032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929800032.
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The article deals with the calculation of metal bridge cranes operating under the influence of variable loads. Requirements to static and dynamic characteristics of mechanisms of load-lifting cranes are caused by specifics of work, features of a design and operating conditions of the cranes working at variable loadings. Thus, it is proposed to perform calculations of parts of crane mechanisms for endurance, operating under non-stationary variable load, based on the principle of linear summation of damage, allowing the calculation from the point of view of the load equivalent to the entire range of operating loads.
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Turanov, Khabibulla, and Yadgor Ruzmetov. "The problem of fastening cargo on railway rolling stock." E3S Web of Conferences 157 (2020): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015701008.
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Fastening of cargo on the car. Calculation of load shift, elongation and forces in elastic elements of fasteners. Describe the parameters of the load and the physical and geometric parameters of the load fastening; give the results of the calculation of the longitudinal forces perceived by the elements of the load fastening. The article uses the basic law of dynamics in relative motion for the non-ideal connection known from theoretical mechanics. The results of the calculation of the longitudinal forces perceived by the load fastening elements, which allowed determining the load shifts along the car, elongation and forces in the flexible fastening elements are presented. Example calculation contributes to the practical application of a new method of calculating the elements of fastening on the car in the development of schemes of placement and fastening of goods of arbitrary geometry. The results of calculations revealed that the accepted value of the coefficient of longitudinal dynamics of the car corresponds to the shunting collision of the car on the hump yard in the marshalling yards.
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Shabanov, Vitalii, Albina Rakhimberdina, and Ilya Yanikiev. "ON THE ISSUE OF DETERMINING THE ELECTRICAL LOADS OF TRANSFORMER SUBSTATIONS." Electrical and data processing facilities and systems 18, no. 1 (2022): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/1999-5458-2022-18-1-114-122.
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Relevance The calculation of electrical loads is the basis for choosing the carrying capacity of all elements of the electrical network. An increase in rated loads compared to the necessary ones leads to cost overruns on power transmission lines and an increase in power of transformers, and a decrease in rated loads leads to increased power dissipation in networks, increased heating of conductors and transformers and increased thermal deterioration of their insulation. The reliability of the calculation of electrical loads depends both on the reliability of the calculation coefficients used and on the correctness of the methods used. Therefore, the research and improvement of the calculation of electrical loads in the design of power supply systems is an actual problem. Aim of research To investigate the determination of rated loads of transformer substations, methods of accounting for power dissipation in different modes of operation of the power supply system and methods for determining rated currents of cable lines to transformer substations. To consider the correctness of the use of standard forms for determining electrical loads recommended by regulatory documents. To develop a generalized form of performing calculations of electrical loads of transformer substations, combining the calculation of loads on the side of lower and higher voltages. Research methods To solve the tasks, the definition of electrical loads according to standard forms of regulatory documents is investigated. The methods of accounting for power dissipation in transformers under different operating modes of the power supply system and the determination of rated currents along cable lines to transformer substations are considered. Results The shortcomings of the execution and design of the calculation of electrical loads according to standard forms are revealed: standard forms do not contain information at which values of the heating time constant calculations are performed to determine the rated power of the electrical power load on the side of the lower and higher voltages of transformer substations, do not contain the definition of power dissipation in transformers. Ways of improving the calculation of electrical loads of transformer substations are proposed. A generalized form of execution and design of calculations of electrical loads of transformer substations have been developed, which include the values of time constants when calculating electrical power loads, the type and passport data of the selected transformer, calculations of power dissipation in transformers in two modes and calculations of the load current of cable lines to transformer substations.
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Glyuzberg, Boris Eynikhovich, Alexey Alexeevich Loktev, Vadim Vadimovich Korolev, Nadezhda Alexandrovna Klekovkina, and Vladislav Sergeevich Kuskov. "Principles of determination of required railway track strength with the consideration for intensity of its use." Transport of the Urals, no. 1 (2022): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/1815-9400-2022-1-53-61.
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Load from rolling stock in contrast with weight of a railway track is dynamic and actually is transmitted to the top of subgrade through a ballast bed. That is why it is more complicated to get a value of strain and a form of its diagram on the top of subgrade, which is considered as an external load on the subgrade, than just from the weight of a track. The paper presents a method of calculation of an equivalent train load on a railway track. For the presentation of intension of equivalent loads the authors have considered two typical examples where they have analysed extreme cases with various loads. The paper shows results of calculations by formulas described in the methodology. The equation solutions allow determining a value of the equivalent load of any field of coverage of acting loads including at asymmetric loads regarding to limits of their restrictions. The authors have made a conclusion on expediency of calculation with the use of equivalent loads. As a result, they have formulated a final formula for the calculation of an equivalent train load on a railway track.
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Zheng, Hui Fan, and Ting Ting Xiao. "Simulation Research About Air Conditioning Load Calculation." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 6023–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.6023.
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Theory analysis method is adopted in this paper to review the development history of air-conditioning loads calculation, point out that the air-conditioning loads calculation went through from steady calculation to periodic unsteady calculation and then to new period of dynamic load calculation. Simulation calculation of air-conditioning cooling load have been developed deeply, and many software can be used to calculate the hourly cooling load about building. At last, The application of neutral network for prediction of cooling load in air conditioning systems have been introduced.
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Saidkhodjaev, A. G., B. Kh Ametova, and M. M. Mamutov. "Intellectualization of determination of electrical loads in city electric networks." E3S Web of Conferences 139 (2019): 01072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913901072.
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This article illustrates new methods for automatically fixing and determining the calculation loads of electrical consumers, in particular the maximum load. The accuracy in the calculations is increased taking into account several factors affecting the maximum load values. It also offers a method and algorithm determination of the maximum electrical loads in urban electrical loads.
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Konstantinov, Aleksandr, and Maya Lambias Ratnayake. "Calculation of PVC windows for wind loads in high-rise buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 33 (2018): 02025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183302025.
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In the following article we examine problems faced when designing PVC windows for high-rise buildings, which are usually not considered when constructing objects for massive sites, using a high-rise residential complex as an example. We address the matters related to wind loads on windows & statistical calculation of the impact of wind loads on them. We have presented variants of installing load-bearing elements of PVC windows which accept wind loads. We conducted a laboratory experiment by simulating wind loads on the window design, which is actually used for glazing the examined high-rise building. In the course of the experiment we determined additional factors which need to be considered when constructing PVC window structures for glazing high-rise buildings. We can determine that the following calculation method for the impact of wind load on PVC windows gives higher values of the desired statistical characteristics of load-bearing elements of a window compared to the results of laboratory experiments. We provide prerequisites to improve the analytical method of calculating impact of wind loads on load-bearing elements of PVC windows.
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Silva, André Carlos, Elenice Maria Schons Silva, and Ricardo Antonio de Rezende. "Circulating load calculation in grinding circuits." Rem: Revista Escola de Minas 67, no. 1 (March 2014): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0370-44672014000100015.
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A problem for solving mass balances in mineral processing plants is the calculation of circulating load in closed circuits. A family of possible methods for the resolution of these calculations is the iterative method, consisting of a finite loop where in each iteration the initial solution is refined in order to approach the exact solution. The present work presents a low-complexity iterative algorithm for circulating load calculation in mineral processing closed circuits, thus enabling the construction of reliable mass, metallurgical and water balances. The proposed equations on the algorithm were obtained through the analysis of many industrial systems, taking into account the process operational parameters. A validation was performed with real industrial data, in order to ensure a greater reliability of the obtained results. Two different types of closed circuits are presented, each one with different levels of complexity, to clarify the proposed algorithm. With the results, it is possible to affirm that the proposed iterative algorithm can be successfully applied to any kind of closed circuit in mineral processing. The results were satisfactory with respect to processing speed, convergence of the solution and the number of iterations required for the circulating load calculation.
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Chen, Qing Cun. "Calculation and Application of Instability Critical Load on Cuplock Scaffold." Applied Mechanics and Materials 99-100 (September 2011): 238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.99-100.238.
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For the stability of scaffold commonly used in civil engineering, the continuous compressing bar calculation method with multi elastic supports and multi nodes is adopted with the weight of the bar considered based on a variety of traditional method. It is applied in the scaffold design and calculations of Yuping Yihe Bridge of Shandong Linyi. The calculating results show that, in general, the impact of the weight of the scaffold itself on the critical load can be ignored. But when the scaffold weight is large, the critical load has decreasing decent. The scaffold design proposed based on this method proved reasonable and reliable and ensured the smooth progress of the construction.
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Nessim, M. A., M. S. Cheung, and I. J. Jordaan. "Ice action on fixed offshore structures: a state-of-the-art review." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 14, no. 3 (June 1, 1987): 381–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l87-058.
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The methods and approaches for calculating global ice loads on fixed offshore structures are critically reviewed. The review covers both the mechanical approaches used in load calculation and the probabilistic methods used to deal with the uncertainties involved. The paper gives a brief review of background information related to ice conditions, ice-load characterization, and ice mechanics. Load calculation methods for different types of ice behaviour are reviewed for vertical structures, as well as sloping-sided structures. Size effects are discussed, and the effects of rubble piles on ice loads are briefly reviewed. The emphasis of the review is on summarizing the different models and approaches reported in the literature, and making evaluations, comments, and suggestions for further research from the viewpoint of choosing design criteria. Key words: ice-structure interaction, design criteria, ice indentation, probabilistic load assessment, Arctic structures, size effects.
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Sung-Ryong, Ha, and Lee Kwang-Ho. "Mathematical modelling of long-term runoff load from rural watersheds." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 9 (May 1, 1995): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0342.
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This study aims to develop a quantitative model for calculating the long-term run off loads in reservoir watersheds. By employing geologically based information rather than administrative-district based information and integrating more diverse variables like socio-economic, technological, and natural ones, a more comprehensive model (BlongRM) is developed. The major structure of the model BlongRM consists of a pollutant load calculating stage for each administrative district in which original pollution is generated and washed off, a pollutants load calculation stage for each watershed, and a runoff load calculation stage based on the linear contribution rate matrix. The applicability of the model to practical problem-solving has improved and its usefulness is verified by empirical data. This model will hopely contribute to the development of a lake pollution prevention strategy.
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Kurguzov, Konstantin V., and Igor K. Fomenko. "Piles and lateral loads: comparison of calculation methods." Vestnik MGSU, no. 10 (October 2019): 1280–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2019.10.1280-1291.
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Introduction. Calculation and analysis of pile resistance to loads remains to be a relevant problem in geoengineering. The design of pile foundations is currently performed using diverse analytical, empirical and numerical methods. However, the reliability of these methods remains to be a topic of interest among researchers and designers. This research paper analyses methods used for calculating the lateral-load capacity of piles in comparison with field-test data.
Materials and methods. The paper dwells upon the development of reliable analytical expressions based on mathematical models of the pile–soil interaction. Main existing mathematical models of the soil environment, including the Mohr – Coulomb elastic ideal plastic model and the hardening soil model (HSM) were analysed. A particular attention was paid to a variety of factors affecting the pile–soil interaction, such as natural factors, pile types, pile sinking depth and technology, configurations of loads, as well as time-changed processes. A comparison of methods for calculating the lateral-load capacity of piles was conducted. To that end, calculations using the Mohr – Coulomb model and the local elastic strain theory (still required by building codes) were performed. High-level solid elements were used to develop and compute a finite-element pile-in-soil model in a spatial setting. Another model on the basis of parametric pile elements was designed using the MIDAS software.
Results. It is established that the use of numerical calculation methods for evaluating the capacity and movements of pile foundations provides results comparable to those of field tests. These methods demonstrate a higher reliability compared to standardized analytical techniques.
Conclusions. The reliability of numerical calculations of pile resistance to lateral impact is shown to be sufficiently high, thus being feasible for use in geoengineering. The use of these methods should be based on advanced non-linear soil models, such as HS, CamClay, etc.
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Wrana, Bogumił. "Pile Load Capacity – Calculation Methods." Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica 37, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sgem-2015-0048.
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Abstract The article is a review of the current problems of the foundation pile capacity calculations. The article considers the main principles of pile capacity calculations presented in Eurocode 7 and other methods with adequate explanations. Two main methods are presented: α – method used to calculate the short-term load capacity of piles in cohesive soils and β – method used to calculate the long-term load capacity of piles in both cohesive and cohesionless soils. Moreover, methods based on cone CPTu result are presented as well as the pile capacity problem based on static tests.
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Zhao, Lei. "Gas Load Characteristics and Calculation." Advanced Materials Research 960-961 (June 2014): 654–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.960-961.654.
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Gas Load Characteristics of different users are analyzed in this paper. Different types of load charts which is drawn according to the statistical data may provide certain guidance for gas companies. Non-uniform coefficient method that continues to be used for calculation of gas load in China has limitations. It is more reasonable to calculate gas load with load coefficient method.
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Bladyko, Yu V. "Mechanical Calculation of Flexible Wires of Spans with Different Tensioning Insulator Strings." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 63, no. 1 (February 7, 2020): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2020-63-1-55-65.
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In design activities, technical solutions are practiced, which provide for the use of different tension strings of insulators in a single span. The present paper considers the calculation of the sag and load factors for a span with two different tensioning insulator strings that are of identical suspension heights. The system of “the first tension insulators string – the wire – the second tension insulators string” was described by the equations of a parabola. A relationship has been established between the sag increase factor and the coefficients that take into account the presence of tensioning insulators strings. The resulting compact formula for sag increase is generally suitable for any combination of strings in a span. The coincidence of the calculation is shown for particular cases known from the literature. The formula for calculating the load factor for the equation of state was derived, taking into account the presence of different strings in the span. The reliability of the formula has been proved by the coincidence of results for particular cases of the arrangement of strings. The obtained expressions can be used both for vertical (weight and ice) loads and for horizontal (wind) ones. In the case of loads in two planes, the equation of state must take into account all the components when calculating the resulting reduced load on the wire along the inclined plane. Calculations were performed for different lengths of spans of switchgear with different wires and strings of insulators. A span with one and two tensioning strings of insulators, with the same suspension heights, in the absence of wind and ice is considered. The curves of the sagging wires to different strings have been plotted. It is demonstrated that when calculating sags and tensions, the difference between strings must not be neglected.
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Liao, Dong Bo, Ji Yuan Xue, Chang Feng Qin, and Yi Dan Zhou. "Discussion on Ballast Water Load Calculation Problem of Semi-Submersible Barge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 43 (December 2010): 764–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.43.764.
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For the semi-submersible barge normal and dangerous condition, ballast water load calculation model and scheme are proposed respectively. The load calculation example suggests that the ballast water load scheme obtained from load calculating optimization model suits the barge project actual engineering operation, and improves the operating efficiency, security and reliability of semi-submersible barge effectively.
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Żywicki, Jędrzej, Paweł Dymarski, Ewelina Ciba, and Czesław Dymarski. "Design of Structure of Tension Leg Platform for 6 MW Offshore Wind Turbine Based On Fem Analysis." Polish Maritime Research 24, s1 (April 25, 2017): 230–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2017-0043.
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Abstract The article presents the calculation and design stages of the TLP platform serving as a supporting construction of a 6 MW offshore wind turbine. This platform is designed to anchor at sea at a depth of 60 m. The authors presented the method of parameterization and optimization of the hull geometry. For the two selected geometry variants, the load and motion calculations of the platform subjected to wind, wave and current under 50-year storm conditions were performed. The maximum load on the structure was determined in these extreme storm conditions. For these loads, the MES calculation of the designed platform was performed for the selected variant. Authors have presented a method for calculating maximum wind, wave and current stresses on the structure during the worst storm in the past 50 years. For these loads the MES endurance calculations of the designed platform were made. Based on the results of these calculations, the required structural changes and recalculations have been made in succession to the structural design of the platform, which meets the design requirements and has the required ad hoc strength. The article contains stress analysis in „difficult“ nodes of constructions and discusses ways of solving their problems. The work is part of the WIND-TU-PLA project from the NCBR Research Agreement (Agreement No. MARTECII / 1/2014).
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Shu, Tian, and Wang Li. "Power Flow Calculation in Distribution System Considering Different Load Model." Advanced Materials Research 722 (July 2013): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.722.103.
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In traditional power flow calculation used constant power load model, it was completely unreasonable to assume that all load nodes in power system can be classified as PQ nodes.In that the result of constant power load model does not accurately reflect the distribution characteristics of network power flow. To put forward power flow calculation considering load models ,such as constant power load ,constant current load and constant resistance load, derives error equations of the node power, calculates element of Jacobian matrix. So, by using MATLAB simulation software ,the program for power flow are presented, which based on the method of different load models, taking 21-node system for example and makes comparative calculations. The research shows that power flow calculation considering different load models can get more reasonable solution.
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Kauppila, Pirkko, and Jari Koskiaho. "Evaluation of Annual Loads of Nutrients and Suspended Solids in Baltic Rivers." Hydrology Research 34, no. 3 (June 1, 2003): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2003.0004.
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Estimation of pollutant fluxes through river systems calls for accurate and precise load estimation. However, considerable uncertainty is associated with these estimates due to diffuse loading, which sets high requirements not only on sampling frequencies but also on calculation methods. The aim was to examine the variation in load calculations and the reliability of the load estimates of total phosphorus, total nitrogen and suspended solids in 24 Baltic rivers varying in size and land-use characteristics. Reliability of the load estimates was tested by simulation experiments in the river Paimionjoki using a Monte Carlo procedure. The estimates calculated by the most reliable method were compared to the loads estimated by five other methods. The general reliability (RMSE) for P and SS was best by the correlation method and for N by the periodic method. Load calculations varied greatly depending both on the characteristics of the rivers and the calculation method. The flow-stratified method overestimated the P and SS loads by about 20% in large low-lake rivers. In small low-lake rivers, the overestimation was 10% and over 14% for P and SS, respectively. By contrast, the averaging method underestimated P and SS loads by 10% and 21% in small agricultural low-lake rivers. All the methods produced rather similar results for N in each of the river types.
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Soroka, М. М. "LIMIT STATE OF ARCHES OF VARIABLE STIFFNESS." Bulletin of Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 81 (December 7, 2020): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2415-377x-2020-81-97-104.
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Abstract. An algorithm is proposed for numerically solving the problem of finding the maximum load for flat bar systems having a rectangular section of variable height. The material is elastoplastic; its physical properties are described by the Prandtl diagram. It is assumed that the compressive and tensile strength of the material are different. The modulus of elasticity in tension and compression is the same. The limiting state of a rectangular cross section under the simultaneous action of a longitudinal force and a bending moment is described. Using the proposed algorithm, a program was developed for calculating rod systems by the limit equilibrium. The C++ programming language was used to create a program for the numerical determination of the ultimate load for rod systems. The finite element method was used as the most universal to write a module that performs static analysis of the bar system. Its use makes it easy to design rod systems of arbitrary configuration with arbitrary boundary conditions. As a test example, a hinged circular arch loaded with a uniformly distributed vertical load is considered. Analytical dependences are written, which allow to obtain the ultimate load for an arch of variable section. Examples of calculating the limiting state of the arch and comparing the ultimate loads with and without longitudinal force are considered. The analytical solution is compared with the numerical solution found by the author's program. Good convergence of analytical and numerical solutions is shown. The proposed algorithm for the numerical calculation of the limit states uses the so-called direct method for finding the ultimate load. This allows not only to obtain the value of the ultimate load, but also to establish the order of formation of plastic regions in the sections of the rod system. The calculation algorithm does not imply the use of iterative processes, which has a positive effect on the speed of calculations. Within the accepted assumptions, the calculation methodology is accurate.
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Kerimov, R. M., Kh M. Muselemov, and O. M. Ustarkhanov. "CALCULATION OF SANDWICH STRUCTURES UNDER DYNAMIC LOAD CONCENTRATED LOAD." Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 38, no. 3 (January 1, 2015): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2015-38-3-110-118.
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Zalesov, M. V., V. A. Grigoreva, V. S. Trubilov, and A. Ya Boduen. "Development of a simulation dump truck dynamics model to estimate loads acting on its carrier and load platform when loading and dumping bulk loads." Mining Industry Journal (Gornay Promishlennost), no. 6/2021 (January 15, 2022): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2021-6-117-126.
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It is important for mining dump trucks to minimize the weight of the carrier and the load platform while maintaining a sufficient level of their rigidness and strength. This requirement significantly affects the weight of the transported material, the cost of transportation and, consequently, the economic efficiency of mining operations. Processes of loading and dumping of bulk loads, which is transported by dump trucks, make a significant contribution to reducing the service life of the carrier. Therefore, proper consideration of the bulk load dynamics is an important and relevant task. Contemporary systems for calculating the dynamics of solids allow for joint modeling with applications designed to calculate the dispersed body dynamics. This approach helps to obtain adequate loads in the pivots and force links of the model, to analyze the loading of the load platform, to asses the durability of the dump truck elements, to define the geometry of the load platform. In order to perform the simulation, it is required to develop a mathematical model of a dump truck, including all its key elements and subsystems, a model of the bulk load, and a model of the load platform. The purpose of the study is to develop a mathematical model of a mine dump truck to determine the loads in the pivots and force links connected to the carrier and the load platform for the strength calculations and durability analysis. The calculations are made with the combined use of the solids dynamics calculation system and the application to calculate the dynamics of dispersed bodies.
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Ye, Tao, Ledong Zhu, Zhongxu Tan, and Lanlan Li. "Research on Wind Load Calculation Based on Identical Guarantee Rate Method." Shock and Vibration 2021 (November 28, 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1831330.
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Wind load on building surface is one of the main loads for structural design; scholars in this field have put forward some methods to calculate wind load, such as Simiu method and Kasperski method. Based on the basic theory of probability and the systematic analysis of the surrounding environment and turbulence, a random variable model for calculating wind load is established. According to the model, through the analysis of the relationship between guarantee rate and wind load, a numerical calculation method to calculate wind load is proposed based on extreme value analysis and polynomial fitting theory. To verify the performance of the algorithm, wind tunnel experiments were carried out to obtain a large number of first-hand measured data of high-rise building (Shanghai World Financial Center). Based on the measured data, the algorithm is simulated, and calculated results are analyzed, including wind pressure distribution on building and probability distribution of fluctuating wind pressure of some measuring points. The validity and accuracy of the proposed model and algorithm are verified by the comparative analysis and theoretical analysis of the calculation results.
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Hu, Jian, Lei Xu, Sangdu Guo, Yiming Sun, and Gangyan Li. "Study on Inertia Load Resistance Analysis Method of Light Truck Door Latch." Applied Sciences 12, no. 9 (April 21, 2022): 4171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12094171.
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Aiming at the problem of door opening caused by the unlocking of the side door latch system under the action of inertial force when the car is in a side impact, this paper takes a light truck door latch as the research object, and proposes an inertia load resistance analysis method combining theoretical calculation and simulation analysis. Through the theoretical calculation of inertia load resistance of the door latch, the force of each part and the rotation of the pawl are analyzed. We perform inertia load resistance simulation analysis on the latch to verify the reliability of the theoretical calculation results. If the theoretical calculation result is that the latch will be unlocked under the inertia load of 60 g (588 m/s2), we compare the force of each part in the theoretical calculation process with the normal opening condition of the latch to provide a basis for the optimization of the latch structure. Finally, theoretical calculations and a simulation analysis are carried out on the optimized results again, and a latch structure that meets the requirements of the inertia load resistance is obtained. Since the results obtained from the inertia load resistance simulation analysis are basically consistent with the theoretical calculation results of the inertia load resistance and the inertia load resistance simulation requires a lot of computing time, after the verification of the inertia load resistance simulation analysis, firstly, the inertia load resistance simulation step can be omitted in the subsequent structural optimization process.
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Zhang, Hua. "Load Model of Scroll Wrap for Calculation of Bending Fatigue Strength." Applied Mechanics and Materials 341-342 (July 2013): 496–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.341-342.496.
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For calculation of bending fatigue strength of scroll wraps, the pressure loads and temperatures in compression chambers based on general profile theory are analyzed, and a load model including the pressure loads the temperatures is proposed. For the scroll wraps, their load model for bending fatigue strength includes the pressure loads and the temperatures. Their pressure loads can be simplified on the mid-areas and its temperatures are equal to the temperatures of the mid-areas. The pressure loads are of π normal angle region inner pressure load which have an interval of π normal angle, the number of regions of pressure load is equal to the number of scroll compression chamber pairs. The discharge angle has significant effect on bending fatigue strength of scroll wraps and the stability of scroll compressor.
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van Belkom, Aran. "A simplified method for calculating load distribution and rail deflections in track, incorporating the influence of sleeper stiffness." Advances in Structural Engineering 23, no. 11 (April 13, 2020): 2358–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433220911144.
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When performing railway track stiffness analyses, in current standards sleepers are often regarded as a rigid member. For flexible sleeper materials like timber or polymers, this may lead to underestimating rail deflections up to a factor two and overestimating rail seat loads up to 20%. Calculations incorporating sleeper bending can currently be performed analytically by a two-layer beam-on-elastic-foundation calculation, or by finite element analyses, but a simple approach does not yet exist. This article introduces a simple calculation method to establish rail deflections, track stiffness and rail seat loads, incorporating the effects of both bending and shear stiffness of the sleeper, applicable to new or tamped track. A sleeper flexibility factor fS is introduced as a deformation multiplication factor compared with a rigid sleeper. Validation against current calculation models shows a deformation accuracy within 6% and a load accuracy within 2%. When a track is not maintained, a gap will develop under the sleeper at the rail seat. The size of this gap correlates to the stiffness of the sleeper. Eventually a uniform load distribution can develop under the sleeper. A calculation method is introduced to estimate the gap and the track behaviour at uniform load distribution. When for flexible sleepers the track deflection due to the gap can develop outside of the desired range, timely track maintenance or monitoring is advised.
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Pertsev, Andrei A., Aleksandr N. Podobrii, and Iuliia A. Radionova. "THE BALANCED PRODUCTION LOAD OF A MACHINE-ENGINEERING ORGANIZATION." Автоматизация Процессов Управления 62, no. 4 (2020): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35752/1991-2927-2020-4-62-49-60.
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The article deals with an approach to calculation of equipment, employee or work centers load during the production plan forming by machine engineering organizations. The calculations are based on the duration of manufacturing operations and the electronic structure of items, and provide the most balanced workload at the shortest time of production. The article describes the model of item production and the technique of production plan forming according to each work center with the set of calculation constraints. It also calculates the efficiency of an equipment load and time of production based on the current production plan. The calculation of load plan for work centers is provided by auxiliary software module of an interactive web-resource using the T-SQL.
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Bladyko, Yu V. "Mechanical Calculation of Flexible Wires in the Presence of Horizontal Concentrated Loads." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 63, no. 6 (December 2, 2020): 500–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2020-63-6-500-514.
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The linear wind load on the wires and cables acting perpendicular to the wire depends on the angle between the direction of the wind and the axis of the overhead line. In the methodology of mechanical calculation of wires and cables, it is recommended to take the wind directed at an angle of 90° to the axis of span and it is not specified which side the wind blows from. For spans of air, this is not so much significant as for switchgear spans, where the deviations of the wires depend on the direction of action of the taps to the electrical apparatus. The article discusses various options for the location of taps and their effect on the wire, as well as changing the direction of the wind. An algorithm for calculating the horizontal deviation of a flexible wire and its increase coefficients in the presence of horizontal concentrated loads due to the action of windon spacers, barriers, taps to electrical apparatuses and other structural elements of substations and overhead lines is given. In the absence of wind, horizontal concentrated loads and deviations occur when an arrangement of the taps is non-keel. The formulas for calculating the horizontal component of the load coefficient to solve the equation of state in the presence of horizontal concentrated forces acting in any direction have been derived. The results of the mechanical calculation are obtained for the cases of one and two horizontal concentrated forces, differently oriented with respect to the distributed wind load. In design practice it is recommended to take the wind flow in the direction of the action of horizontal concentrated forces, since in this case the greatest horizontal deviations and load factors are obtained. The reduction in the coefficients of the horizontal load occurs when the current lead is unloaded because of the opposite directions of the wind and horizontal concentrated forces. In the absence of wind, it is proposed to use the formulas for calculating horizontal deviations and load after finding the product of the coefficient of increase in horizontal deviations and the horizontal component of the coefficient of load per linear load.
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Sergey, I. I., and Y. V. Bladyko. "Mechanical Calculation of Flexible Wires of Overhead Lines with Barrage Balls." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 61, no. 4 (July 20, 2018): 299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2018-61-4-299-309.
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Aerial barrage balls serve for marking high-voltage wires in order to visually warn pilots of civil and military aviation about the presence of overhead lines. The present article deals with the mechanical calculation of flexible overhead wires of overhead lines, in which aerial warning barrage balls are installed. The wire is considered as a homogeneous flexible thread having the outline of a parabola and a chain line. The load from the aerial barrage balls must not be substituted with a distributed one by simple division of the total load into the span length, since it can cause incorrect results. The formulas for determining the sag are given for a different number of aerial barrage balls as a function of their number and the coefficient of concentrated forces. The acceptable accuracy of mechanical calculation is demonstrated when using the model of wire in the form of a parabola adopted in the design practice, provided that the components of concentrated forces are correctly determined. The equation of state is recorded, taking into account the weight and wind loads on the wire, as well as load coefficients in two planes, depending on the number of barrage balls. The performed calculations demonstrate an acceptable accuracy of the determination of the stress at various loadings of the span. For more accurate calculation of mechanical stresses and sag arrows, a vector-parametric method for calculating the flexible wires of overhead lines is suggested, where the calculated model of wires in the form of a flexible elastic thread is put taking into account of the spatial arrangement of all structural elements. The results of mechanical calculation according to the program that had been developed and to the existing methods for a different number of aerial barrier balls moved along the span are presented.
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Zhang, Gang, Ming Yan Li, Chang Sun, Jian Zhang, and Hai Long Zhang. "Load Distribution of Cross-Roller Slewing Bearing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 224 (November 2012): 268–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.224.268.
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Because of cross roller-slewing bearing structure have a certain degree of particularity, and two sets of cross rollers is equivalent to two columns roller stack situation, therefore it should deduce roller calculation formula for two sets of roller respectively. According to the stress of the slewing bearings, we proceed load distribution calculation synthetically under the center of bearing axial force, overturning moment and radial force. Finally, based on the above formula for calculating the bearing load distribution and through the Matlab software, we analyze the influence of some parameters on the bearing load distribution. For ensuring bearing design parameter, it has the certain reference value.
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Meng, Xian Hong, and Qiu Ying Zhao. "Numerical Calculation Methods of Wind Load." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 2269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.2269.
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Storm cause deformation and collapse of structure, endanger people's life and property security. In order to avoid or reduce the impact of wind load effectively, the paper mainly introduce wind tunnel test, numerical wind tunnel method, time domain analysis, frequency domain analysis and the research and application of domestic scholars.
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Patel, P. L., and K. G. Ranga Raju. "Fractionwise calculation of bed load transport." Journal of Hydraulic Research 34, no. 3 (May 1996): 363–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221689609498485.
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Soroka, Mykola. "Bearing Capacity of Structures Made of Materials with Different Tensile and Compression Strengths." Materials Science Forum 968 (August 2019): 200–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.968.200.
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The paper considers the problem of the ultimate load finding for structures made of a material with different limits of tensile strength and compression. The modulus of elasticity under tension and compression is the same. It is assumed that upon reaching the ultimate strength, the material is deformed indefinitely. The calculations use a simplified material deformation diagram — Prandtl diagrams. The limiting state of a solid rectangular section under the action of a longitudinal force and a bending moment is considered. The dependences describing the boundary of the strength of a rectangular cross section are obtained. Formulas allowing the calculation of the values of the limit forces and under the action of which the cross section passes into the plastic state are derived. Examples of the analytical calculation of the maximum load for the frame and two-hinged arch are given. An algorithm is proposed and a program for calculating arbitrary flat rod systems according to the limit state using the finite element method is compiled. The proposed algorithm does not involve the use of iterative processes, which leads to an exact calculation of the maximum load within the accepted assumptions.
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Bicbulatov, Arnold Sh, Asia А. Usmanova, and Arthur I. Nurmukhametov. "Сonstruction and study of the load characteristics of the heat exchanger." Butlerov Communications 58, no. 4 (April 30, 2019): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-58-4-140.
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The existing practice of designing heat exchangers is based on the application of an engineering method of calculation, the so-called graphical method. Therefore, the design principle of the method consists in solving a system of nonlinear equations describing the heat exchange between coolants composed of various organic substances toluene, benzene, using the method of successive approximations, and the number of approximations can be very large. Randomly given by a number of unknown quantities, namely the temperatures of the pipe walls and some structural dimensions of the apparatus, which are further specified when performing the calculations, are specified. A graph is plotted for the specific heat fluxes for both fluids from the assumed temperatures of the pipe wall, and the lines, the so-called load characteristics of the heat exchanger, are drawn through the points obtained. The analysis of the conditions of application of the load characteristics of the heat exchanger when calculating the surface of the apparatus for the three main types of heat exchange, implemented in heat exchangers: boilers, condensers, cooler-heaters in which heat transfer occurs between various organic liquids under various conditions of their work. It is shown that the load characteristics of heat exchangers are non-linear depending on the specific heat flux on the pipe wall temperature, and the curvature of the line deviations from the straight line depends on the type of heat exchange and the flow of coolants, the curvature of the lines is close to the straight line dependence in the laminar mode, significantly different from the straight line in the transition mode and turbulent regimes and is very different from the straight line dependence on heat exchange with a change in the state of aggregation of both fluids. A direct calculation of the surface of the apparatus has been proposed, a technique has been developed for determining the temperature of the pipe wall, selections of initial conditions for performing calculations, step-by-step changes in the magnitudes of the driving forces are recommended when performing approximations, which reduces the time spent on the calculation. The paper also analyzes the choice of changes in the magnitudes of the driving force of the heat transfer process for the number of approximations, shows the intervals of variation of this quantity at which the calculation error decreases. Direct determination of the surface of the device significantly increases the accuracy of the calculation of the surface.
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Erofeev, V. I., and I. A. Samokhvalov. "EVALUATION OF THE VITALITY OF A FLANGED CONNECTION WITH A STEEL TOWER STRUCTURE WITH ACCOUNT OF EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF AERODYNAMIC COEFFICIENTS." Problems of strenght and plasticity 82, no. 2 (2020): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32326/1814-9146-2020-82-2-215-224.
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A numerical study of the survivability of the flange assembly is carried out upon reaching a critical load and in the presence of a defect in one of the design areas, taking into account the calculated values of the aerodynamic coefficients. An experiment is being carried out to determine the values of the wind load acting on the supporting legs of a metal tower. The calculation of the stressstrain state is performed using software system as SCAD Office and IDEA StatiCa 10.0. After calculating the forces in the core model of the structure, a threedimensional plate model of the assembly is formed and prepared for calculation. According to the results of the experiment, a graph was compiled with the values of aerodynamic coefficients, which were used in calculating the stressstrain state of the node. The analysis of the calculation results revealed that in the design (defectfree) state of the structure, the safety factor of the bearing units and elements is 35-40% (equivalent stresses were 165 MPa). If there is a defect in the metal structures of the belt in the region of the flange, the equivalent stresses increase to 247.6 MPa in the region of the cleavage (defective hole), thus, the margin in bearing capacity drops to 0.4%. As a result of the assessment of the survivability of the flange connection, it was revealed that the connection has a high potential survivability, in turn, the flange itself is able to work in the presence of some defects without reducing its bearing capacity to a critical level. The aerodynamic coefficients obtained in this work will determine the wind load on this type of profile and can be used in design calculations of tower structures for wind loads.
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Matyunin, Aleksey N., and Roman A. Romanov. "DETERMINATION OF THE DYNAMIC LOAD CAPACITY OF ROLLING BEARINGS BASED ON THE RATED TORQUE OF THE ELECTRIC MACHINE." Vestnik Chuvashskogo universiteta, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 88–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2022-1-88-99.
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The purpose of the article is to describe the method of calculating the dynamic load capacity of the most loaded bearing of an electric machine at the stage of electromagnetic calculation. The proposed method allows to initially determine the dimensions of such parts of an electric machine as bearings and bearing shields. The article considers the calculation of electromagnetic and mechanical parameters of an electric machine on the basis of the machine constant. The transition from the machine constant to the mechanical parameters of the bearing is carried out through the plot of radial loads (reactions) acting on the bearings. The dependences of the length of the shaft end on the permissible torque of the electric machine in accordance with GOST are given for different types of load, different strength and hardness of the shaft material. This technique connects the mechanical and electromagnetic parameters of the machine, allows to perform elements of mechanical calculation at the early stages of development. To simplify the calculation method, some relative geometric parameters are introduced, depending on the type and series or model of the electric machine. The load capacity of the most loaded bearing of the magneto-electric motor 11DVM160 for driving oil pumping machines is calculated. The initial data for the calculation were information from the design documentation, the results of computer modeling of the magnetic field, as well as test results. As a result of the calculation, the value of the dynamic load capacity of the most loaded bearing corresponding to the calculated mechanical load is obtained. In practice, the inverse problem may be relevant – determining the electromagnetic moment and power of the designed electric machine according to the bearing parameters limited by the specified initial dimensions of the machine.
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Shao, Yan, Yi Guan, and Wei Zhong Xing. "Analysis and Calculation of the Additional Stress in the Foundation under Trapezoid-Distribution Load." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 446–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.446.
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Based on J. V. Boussinesq's solution, the additional stress in the foundation is calculated under the trapezoid-distributed line load, and with the help of the line load, a formula is derived for calculating the additional stress in the foundation under the center line of trapezoid-distribution load along the Y-axis. By means of the formula, the different calculation formulas of the additional stress are determined under the load of rectangular, triangular and semi-infinite long stripe along with the change of the initial conditions. The formula can be applied to the additional stress's calculation of space problem more widely and is better than that seems to be dispersed in the reference books. Therefore, the calculation result has practical significance.
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Yang, Yong Xin, Wei Zhang, Zeng Wei Guan, and Wei Xie. "Numerical Analysis of RC Beams Strengthened with Pre-Stressed CFRP Sheets." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 3101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.3101.
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Through the finite element analysis software, fourteen strengthened beams are calculated in the condition of considering bonding-slip or not respectively. Comparing simulation results with test and theoretical calculation, We can draw the following conclusions: Testing reinforced concrete beams when there is no debonding, ANSYS simulation, theoretical calculations and experimental results agree well. Testing reinforced concrete beams when there is debonding. By considering the bond-slip calculation model calculation accuracy is higher. .Numerical results show that, prestressed CFRP with relative of prestressed girder of carbon fibre reinforced beam can significantly improve the cracking beam loading, and effectively improve the yield loads, but the ultimate load.
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Gracheva, E. I., Z. M. Shakurova, and R. E. Abdullazyanov. "A comparative analysis of the most common deterministic methods for the calculation of electricity losses in industrial networks." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 21, no. 5 (December 17, 2019): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724//1998-9903-2019-21-5-87-96.
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: The work is devoted to the analysis of deterministic most common methods for determining electricity losses in low-voltage industrial power supply networks. The method of graphical integration, the method of calculating electricity losses using the maximum loss time, the method of determining losses by time 2t, the method of calculating electricity losses by the average node loads are considered. The features of the application of each method are revealed. It is shown that for the method of graphical integration, initial data on the dependences of load schedules for each network element are required, and the method of calculating losses by average node loads can be used in networks with relatively constant loads. We consider the methods of calculating the losses based on graphical integration, the time of largest losses, 2t and the root-mean-square loads.At the same time, the errors of the considered methods for calculating electricity losses can be due to such reasons as the neglect of the heating temperature of the conductors, the neglect of the resistances of the contact connections of switching devices, the inaccuracy of determining the values of losses during the highest and lowest power demand, the inaccuracy of determining the time of the largest losses,. disregarding the form of the load schedule of consumers.Using the example of an industrial radial network site with known load graphs of consumers, the electric power losses in the circuit lines with the specified methods were calculated with the determination of the error of each method and the identification of the causes of errors. In this case, the method of graphical integration was adopted as the reference method of calculation. As a result of the calculations, it was established that the method of calculating 2t has the smallest error. It is shown that when choosing a method for determining electricity losses, it is necessary to observe the condition of compliance with methodological and informational errors.
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T, Basavaraja K., T. Kiran, and T. Sushanth Thummala Saiteja Reddy. "Heat Load Calculation with Duct Design of a Multi Storeyed Residential Building." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-3 (April 30, 2019): 1150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd23301.
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Androsenko, Mariya, Nail Tyuteryakov, Ekaterina Kulikova, Lyubov Deryabina, and Ivan Krayniy. "Algorithm of Strength Calculation of Drive Elements of a Roller Conveyor." E3S Web of Conferences 285 (2021): 07040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128507040.
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The paper shows an algorithm for determining the load on the electric motor of run-out conveyor starting from determination of the first moment of no load operation during slab conveying, slipping torque of the rollers along the surface of the conveyed billet and ending with the choice of the electric motor. It also covers an algorithm for strength calculations of the run-out conveyor roller, which includes the calculation of the moments and forces acting on the conveyor roller and its supports, the calculation of static strength and torsion strength, calculation of roller deflection of the conveyor rollers as well as the selection and verification calculation of conveyor roller bearings.
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Sharapov, Dmitry, and Karl Shkhinek. "Numerical Calculation of the Ice Grow and Empirical Calculation Results." Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (October 2013): 1448–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.1448.
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Ice loads is one of the most important parameters which should be taken into consideration for arctic structures. Ice load highly depends on the ice thickness. It is always recommended to consider the ice thickness data from field observations. However if data is not available it is necessary to calculate the thicknesses of ice level. Calculation is also important for the areas where the thermal fluxes through structure should be taken into the consideration. In this work numerical simulation of Stefan problem for determining of ice level thickness is presented. The results show good correlation between empirical, experimental data and the results from finite element simulation of Stefan problem.
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Yefimenko, Olena. "ENGINEERING METHOD FOR CALCULATING STEEL-REINFORCED CONCRETE ELEMENTS WITH FLEXIBILITY." ACADEMIC JOURNAL Series: Industrial Machine Building, Civil Engineering 2, no. 53 (October 31, 2019): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/znp.2019.53.1897.
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In the article presents an engineering method for calculating compressed flexible reinforced concrete elements with sheet reinforcement over a steel cross section. The results of the calculation are compared with the experimental data. Calculation ofload-bearing capacity of reinforced concrete flexible elements with sheet reinforcement is based on the method of boundarystates. The work of specimens under load and the nature of the load-bearing capacity depending on the height and eccentricity of the effort were investigated. The proposed method of calculating compressed elements with sheet reinforcement on asteel-cross-section allows to take into account their flexibility in both axial and out-of-center application of load.
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Кузнецов, Дмитрий Николаевич, Наталия Александровна Понявина, Дмитрий Игоревич Емельянов, and Виталий Геннадьевич Сазыкин. "ASSESSMENT OF STABILITY OF LOAD-BEARING STRUCTURES IN NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS." Housing and utilities infrastructure, no. 1(20) (March 14, 2022): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2022.72.88.001.
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Численные расчеты устойчивости строительных конструкций требуют разработки эффективных критериев оценки результатов. Оценку результатов расчета устойчивости конструкций целесообразно выполнять с учетом геометрической формы потери устойчивости и назначения элемента строительной конструкции. В статье рассматривается возможность применения последовательности коэффициентов надежности по устойчивости конструкций, в которой значения коэффициентов ранжированы в порядке возрастания последствий отказов конструкций в строительной системе здания или сооружения. Рассмотрен пример численного расчета устойчивости тестовой расчетной схемы стального каркаса здания автосервиса. Расчет устойчивости тестовой двухэтажной рамной системы здания выполнен в вычислительном комплексе SCAD Office, приводятся результаты расчета. Выполнен анализ первых трех геометрических форм потери устойчивости тестовой рамной системы. Подтверждается, что применение шкалы дифференцированных значений коэффициентов надежности для оценки устойчивости конструкций позволит достигнуть более высокой теоретической строгости расчетов, материалоемкости и надежности при проектировании зданий и сооружений. Материалы данной статьи могут быть полезны при проектировании и совершенствовании методик расчета строительных конструкций. Numerical calculations of the stability of building structures require development of effective criteria for evaluating results. It is advisable to evaluate the results of structural stability calculations with regard to the geometric shape of the loss of stability and purpose of the structural element. The article considers the possibility of applying a sequence of structural stability reliability coefficients in which the coefficient values are ranked in order of increasing consequences of structural failures in a building or structure's construction system. We consider an example of numerical stability calculation of a test design scheme for a steel frame of a car service building. We carried out the calculation of the stability of a test two-storey frame building system with the SCAD Office calculation package, and give the calculation results. As well we perform analysis of the first three geometric forms of stability loss of the test frame system. It is confirmed that the application of the scale of differentiated values of reliability coefficients to assess the stability of structures will allow us to achieve a higher theoretical accuracy of calculations, material capacity and reliability in the design of buildings and structures. The materials of this article can be useful in designing and improving calculation methods for building structures.
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Perelmuter, Anatoly V., and Oleg V. Kabantsev. "BOUT THE PROBLEM OF ANALYSIS RESISTANCE BEARING SYSTEMS IN FAILURE OF A STRUCTURAL ELEMENT." International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering 14, no. 3 (September 28, 2018): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2587-9618-2018-14-3-103-113.
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This paper focuses on the methods of calculating load-bearing systems in the case of a failure of a structural element. This kind of failure makes it necessary to assess further behavior of the structure with a possibility of the progressive collapse development. The stress-strain state analysis of a load-bearing system in the case of a failure of a structure is carried out by two main methods – static and dynamic calculation. It is shown that the static calculation (quasi-static analysis using the dynamic amplification factor) is not a universal method. This paper justifies the application of the direct dynamic calculation in the mode of direct integration of motion for the design analysis of load-bearing systems with high rigidity stories (protection structures for a load-bearing system). It also gives recommendations for selecting parameters of the direct dynamic calculation in the case of a failure analysis of a bearing structure.
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Cao, SS, ST Ke, WM Zhang, L. Zhao, YJ Ge, and XX Cheng. "Load–response correlation–based equivalent static wind loads for large cooling towers." Advances in Structural Engineering 22, no. 11 (April 22, 2019): 2464–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433219844336.
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The load–response correlation method has been recognized by the wind engineering community as a useful equivalent static wind load calculation method for structural design of quasi-static structures against strong winds. However, it has been found that the load–response correlation method is less effective to non-linear systems and in situations where load processes are non-Gaussian, such as large cooling towers subjected to strong winds. To validate the applicability of the load–response correlation method to large cooling towers, an aero-elastic model has been designed for a 215-m-high cooling tower in this article, which can simultaneously produce wind loads and wind-induced displacements of the structure according to wind tunnel model tests. Using data measured on the aero-elastic model, the exact results of correlation coefficients between wind loads and structural responses are obtained and validated by a non-linear finite element analysis. By comparing the correlation coefficients measured on the scaled model to the results based on the load–response correlation calculation, it is found that the correlations are much stronger for the load–response correlation calculation than those for the exact wind tunnel measurement. The explanation for this observation is that the non-linearity of the real structure and the non-Gaussian feature of the actual wind loads can weaken the correlations between the wind loads and the structural responses.
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Bladyko, Yu V. "Accounting for Spacers in the Mechanical Calculation of Flexible Wires for Overhead Lines and Switchgears." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 62, no. 3 (June 3, 2019): 219–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2019-62-3-219-231.
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The mechanical calculation of flexible wires of overhead lines and switchgears, in which in-phase or phase-to-phase spacers are installed, is under consideration. Spacers are considered as concentrated loads acting on the split phase. The formulas for determining the sag are given for a different number of spacers as a function of their number and the coefficient of concentrated forces. This takes into account the difference in suspension heights, tension insulators strings, wind and ice loads. These formulas, being presented in a form that is convenient for consumers, can be used for computer execution of the mechanical calculation of flexible wires in different climatic regimes, both in the presence and in the absence of phase splitting. The errors of replacing the spacers with a distributed load are demonstrated. Formulas are proposed that give the smallest error when replacing spacers with a distributed load. The greater the value of the concentrated forces from the tap-off lines and loops, the greater the error in calculating the sag of the switchgears wires. Therefore, it is not possible to replace them with a distributed load obtained by simply dividing the total load by the length of the span in the presence of the tap-off lines and loops.