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Journal articles on the topic 'Load-deflection relation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Ling, Yun, Peter A. Engel, and William L. Brodsky. "Nonlinear Load-Deflection Relations of Bonded Elastomeric Circular Disks and Strips." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 65, no. 5 (1992): 917–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538651.

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Abstract The nonlinear load-deflection relations of bonded circular disks and infinitely long strips are studied. Finite element analysis is used to evaluate the empirical formula proposed by Payne, which justifies the need for a better formula to predict the load-deflection relation for blocks with large shape factors under a relatively large deformation. General expressions for the load-deflection relations of blocks under axisymmetrical and plane-strain deformations are presented based on a variational approach, i.e. the Raleigh-Ritz method, in which no specific form of strain energy functi

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2

Yoshihara, Hiroshi, and Makoto Maruta. "Critical load for buckling of solid wood elements with a high slenderness ratio determined based on elastica theory." Holzforschung 76, no. 2 (2021): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2021-0108.

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Abstract Buckling tests were conducted using slender specimens of western hemlock. In the tests, the slenderness ratio was varied from 132 to 418 in which elastic buckling was induced, and the values of the critical load for buckling were obtained. When the deflection of the specimen was calculated from the loading-line displacement based on elastica theory, the value of deflection/load initially decreased because the compressive deformation was more dominant than the bending deformation. In contrast, when the load increased, the bending deformation became dominant, and the deflection/load-def

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3

Pop, Marius-Vasile. "Deflection of a beam with a transverse crack under dead load." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Engineering 65, no. 1 (2020): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbeng.2020.1.16.

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This paper proposes an analytic relation for the deflection of a cantilever beam with a transverse crack subjected to dead load. The mathematical relation is deduced involving the decreased capacity of the beam to store energy, which is in direct relation with the crack position and depth. Eventually, the validity of the relation is proved by means of the finite element method.

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4

Gajewska, Beata, and Marcin Gajewski. "Effect of Equivalent Load Distribution on the Accuracy of Mapping the Reinforcement Load Deflection Curve in LTP." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (2020): 6127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10176127.

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The formulations of tasks modelling embankments on soft soil, improved with columns and with reinforced load transfer platform (LTP), differ significantly. One of these differences is the distribution of equivalent load modelling part of the load carried by the LTP reinforcement and soft soil. This article analyses the influence of the nature of the load-modelling linear function, i.e., inverse triangular, uniformly distributed and triangular, as well as intermediate distributions. In total, 41 distributions of equivalent load were considered, and the results of the obtained deflection functio

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Md., Foisal Haque. "Developed a Relation between True and Engineering Stress – Strain for Compressibility." Journal of Structural Engineering, its Applications and Analysis 5, no. 1 (2022): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5870515.

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Every material shows compressible characteristics under any types of loading and this characteristic expresses actual behavior of materials in reality. Strains and stresses are gradually changed in each loading step during tests because of variations of volumes. Volumetric true strains are non – zero in case of compressible conditions. In this study, poission’s ratio is considered to be constant in three perpendicular directions and stiffness is not changed during the application of tensile forces. In any stage of loading, true stress is the ratio between incremental load and area

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6

Nicholson, D. W. "Large Deformation Analysis of an Elastic-Plastic Cantilevered Beam." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 111, no. 3 (1989): 312–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3265680.

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This study concerns the analysis of the deflection of an elastic-plastic cantilevered beam. Three regions of solution are treated: (i) purely elastic response at low loads; (ii) elastic-plastic response without a hinge, for intermediate loads; and (iii) elastic-plastic response with a hinge for loads corresponding to the fully plastic bending moment at the built-in end. Most existing solutions for this type of problem involve various approximations avoided here, for example, ignoring the elastic part of the strain or using upper bounds based on limit analysis. By avoiding such approximations,

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7

Ba'ist, Ahmad Jirjisul, Togani Cahyadi Upomo, Henry Apriyatno, and Untoro Nugroho. "Defleksi Lateral Tiang Tunggal Akibat Beban Lateral pada Tanah Lempung Berdasarkan Komparasi Tiga Metode." Jurnal Teknik Sipil 15, no. 4 (2020): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24002/jts.v15i4.3794.

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The foundation has a function to hold the load in the form of axial load, lateral load and moment. The axial load on the pile foundation is supported by the pole end resistance and pile friction, while the lateral load on the pile foundation is supported by the relation of the blanket area along the pile with the ground in the lateral direction. Lateral load causes lateral deflection in which the magnitude of deflection must not exceed the permissible lateral deflection limit of 2.54 cm. The determining factors in lateral deflection are the type of pile foundation, soil type, and the magnitude

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8

Jafari-Talookolaei, R. A., M. H. Kargarnovin, M. T. Ahmadian, and M. Abedi. "An Investigation on the Nonlinear Free Vibration Analysis of Beams with Simply Supported Boundary Conditions Using Four Engineering Theories." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2011 (2011): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/842805.

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The objective of this study is to present a brief survey on the geometrically nonlinear free vibrations of the Bernoulli-Euler, the Rayleigh, shear, and the Timoshenko beams with simple end conditions using the Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM). Expressions for the natural frequencies, the transverse deflection, postbuckling load-deflection relation to, and critical buckling load are presented. The results of nonlinear analysis are validated with the published results, and excellent agreement is observed. The effects of some parameters, such as slender ratio, the rotary inertia, and the shear def

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9

Huang, Pengfei, Yanping Song, Qi Li, Xiaoqi Liu, and Yuqing Feng. "A Theoretical Study of Circular Orthotropic Membrane Under Concentrated Load: The Relation of Load and Deflection." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 126127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3007986.

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10

Xu, Jia Chu, Chao Deng, and Hao Wang. "Nonlinear Stability Analysis for FGM Shallow Conical Shells Subjected to Thermal and Mechanical United Loads." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 2515–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.2515.

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Based on the Von Karman large deflection theory of shallow shell, the problem of nonlinear stability of symmetrically FGM shallow conical shells under the action of mechanical and thermal loads is investigated. The nonlinear governing equation under the united action of mechanical and thermal loads of FGM shallow conical shells whose physical parameters change with the power rate is derived and solved by the modified iteration method. The nonlinear characteristic relation of load, deflection and temperature is obtained. The extremum buckling principle is employed to determine the critical buck

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11

Gutman, M. "Optimization of a Deepening Load Acting on a Flexible Cable Towed Under Water." Journal of Fluids Engineering 122, no. 4 (2000): 825–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1314865.

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In this paper we examine the problem of flexible cable equilibrium in water flow, when the cable is loaded with an arbitrarily distributed load which is directed perpendicular to the flow. We define optimal value and distribution of this load and parameters of cable equilibrium corresponding to this load. The optimal load provides maximum deflection of the rear end of the cable in relation to front end in the direction perpendicular to the flow direction, provided the tension is limited. [S0098-2202(00)01204-9]

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12

He, Jun, Yu Qing Liu, and Ai Rong Chen. "Elastic Bending Theory of Composite Bridge with Corrugated Steel Web Considering Shear Deformation." Key Engineering Materials 400-402 (October 2008): 575–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.400-402.575.

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The classical Euler-Bernoulli girder theory is not applicable due to shear deformation of corrugated steel web, elastic bending theory considering shear deformation is presented to analyze deflection and mechanical property. Differential equation is derived based on displacement field assumption, internal force equilibrium equations, deformation compatibility condition and relation of deformation and internal force, and solutions are obtained according to boundary and load condition. Simply supported I and box girder bridges with corrugated steel web are analyzed with elastic bending theory co

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13

Hegedüsová, Iveta, and Sergej Priganc. "Parametric simulation of ceiling panels exposed to aggressive environments." MATEC Web of Conferences 310 (2020): 00010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031000010.

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The subject matter of the contribution is findings obtained from a parametric simulation of ceiling panels behaviour under a change of determined parameters. The optional parameters included concrete strength, reinforcement cross-section area, and concrete covering. The experiment investigated an impact of the given parameters changes onto the element resistance which was evaluated on the basis of the ultimate state of usability, namely from the point of view of crack checking and deflection measuring. Panel behaviour was presented by a load-deflection relation and crack topography

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Hegedusova, Iveta, Eva Kormanikova, Kamila Kotrasova, and Sergej Priganc. "Experimental and numerical analysis of ceiling panel deflection." MATEC Web of Conferences 313 (2020): 00040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031300040.

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The subject matter of the article is the comparison of behaviour of the actual ceiling panels exposed to an aggressive environment and the software-modelled panels while their functioning conditions taken into account are identical. The article presents the comparison based on deflections obtained on the ceiling panels. Comparison is expressed by analysis of the panel load-deflection relation.

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15

Park, Philip, Yong Hak Huh, Dong Jin Kim, and Byung Jik Son. "Crack Detection by Static Measurement in Steel Beams." Key Engineering Materials 321-323 (October 2006): 394–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.321-323.394.

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Effects of crack on static behavior in steel box girder were investigated to identify the possibility of crack detection and location using conventionally measured static data including deflection and inclination. Finite element analysis with finely meshed 3-D models and experiments were performed for steel box girder with crack. To eliminate the variation according to load magnitude, compliance technique was applied to analysis of the result. Through this study, the quantitative relationship between crack size and structural responses of deflection and inclination were obtained as a form of r

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16

Hu, Zhi Jian, Yun Yang Wang, and Ting Jiang. "Study on the Similarity Relationship." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 1326–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.1326.

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With the development of bridge structures, it is very necessary to ascertain load-bearing characteristic of complex structures. Model test can directly response complex mechanical characteristics. Based on the model test of 1:5 T-beam, this paper introduces the factors of designing model beam, and gives some similarity relation between model beam and prototype beam, including the deflection and stress similarity relation. So this paper laid a theoretical foundation for the later model test.

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17

McDevitt, T. J., and J. G. Simmonds. "Crushing of an Elastic-Plastic Ring Between Rigid Plates With and Without Unloading." Journal of Applied Mechanics 70, no. 6 (2003): 799–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1630814.

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Load-deflection curves are computed for an elastic-plastic ring that is slowly crushed between frictionless, rigid plates (platens). The ring is assumed to be inextensional with plane sections remaining plane and to obey a bi-linear stress-strain law with isotropic hardening. These assumptions lead to a local nonlinear moment-curvature relation identical to that developed by Liu et al. When inserted into the exact equation for moment equilibrium, this constitutive relation yields a second-order, nonlinear ordinary differential equation for the angle α between the deformed centerline of the rin

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18

Rozli, Mohd Ikmal Fazlan, Che Mohd Hilmi Safiuddin Che Mohd Jamaludin, Juhaizad Ahmad, Abdul Samad Abdul Rahman, and Kay Dora Abd. Ghani. "Investigation on Prestressed Concrete Sleeper (PCS) Subjected to Dynamic Loading on Site and Experimental Works." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 34, no. 2 (2022): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2022-34(2)-08.

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The purpose of the research was to study the condition of prestressed monoblock concrete sleeper (PMCS) under dynamic loading experimentally and through site investigation. From this research, the value of deflection base on acceleration of concrete sleepers have been obtained. This study showed the possible correlation and relation of the PCS deflection located under a railway track. This research includes experimentation process which includes experimental investigations for dynamic loading of prestressed concrete sleepers (PCS) were examined in terms of its capability to accommodate their o

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19

Zhang, Bei, Di Wang, Yanhui Zhong, Xiaolong Li, Hongjian Cai, and Tao Wang. "Mechanical Analysis of Semi-Rigid Base Asphalt Pavement under the Influence of Groundwater with the Spectral Element Method." Applied Sciences 14, no. 6 (2024): 2375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14062375.

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Over prolonged exposure to groundwater conditions, semi-rigid base asphalt pavements can undergo significant changes in their internal moisture field, resulting in substantial variations in the pavement’s stiffness and, consequently, affecting the overall load-bearing capacity and stability of the road structure. This paper employs FWD non-destructive testing equipment to assess its mechanical performance and conduct data analysis and conducts a mechanical response study of asphalt road surfaces, considering the influence of roadbed moisture levels. Using the dynamic analytical theory, the fun

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20

Anzalone, Ruggero, Giuseppe D'Arrigo, Massimo Camarda, Nicolo’ Piluso, and Francesco La Via. "Strain Evaluation and Fracture Properties of Hetero-Epitaxial Single Crystal 3C-SiC Squared Membrane." Materials Science Forum 806 (October 2014): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.806.11.

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The following paper explores the development the bulge test technique combined with the micro-Raman analysis and a refined load-deflection model for high quality 3C-SiC squared-membranes. By the minimization of the total elastic energy, starting from the isotropic relation between the stress tensor and the strain tensor, it is possible to calculate the relationship between the maximum deflection and the applied pressure, in both regime of small and large deflection. From the measured breaking pressure through the refined model it is possible to evaluate the breaking strain of the membrane. Fur

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21

Sugita, Y. "Nonlinear load-deflection relation of toroidal shells subjected to axisymmetric compression between rigid plates." International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 27, no. 9 (1985): 609–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7403(85)90076-1.

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22

Zhang, Chun Sheng, Hui Min Hao, Mei Xiang Zhang, and Ya Hong Ding. "Experimental Study of RC Beams Strengthened with Prestressed near Surface Mounted Helical Rib Steel Wire." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 1189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.1189.

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A new reinforcement technique with prestressed helical rib steel wires is presented, and one control beam, three strengthened beams under monotonous loads are tested. The flexural capacity, load-deflection relation, cracks and deformation of reinforced concrete beams are systematically studied under the same initial prestress level and amount of reinforcement, different groove size. The test results indicate that the strengthening technique could significantly improve the first-crack load, steel-yielding load, ultimate load of the beams, and improves the service performance of the strengthened

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23

WANG, C. M., Y. XIANG, and S. KITIPORNCHAI. "POSTBUCKLING OF NANO RODS/TUBES BASED ON NONLOCAL BEAM THEORY." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 01, no. 02 (2009): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825109000150.

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This paper is concerned with the postbuckling problem of cantilevered nano rods/tubes under an end concentrated load. Eringen's nonlocal beam theory is used to account for the small length scale effect. The governing equation is derived from statical and geometrical considerations and Eringen's nonlocal constitutive relation. The nonlinear differential equation is solved using the shooting method for the postbuckling load and the buckled shape. By comparing with the classical postbuckling solutions, the sensitivity of the small length scale effect on the buckling load and buckled shape may be

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24

Nielsen, Natasja R., Karim Chatti, Christoffer P. Nielsen, Imen Zaabar, Poul G. Hjorth, and Tina Hecksher. "Method for Direct Measurement of Structural Rolling Resistance for Heavy Vehicles." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 5 (2020): 371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120915699.

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In this paper, a new in situ method for determining the structural rolling resistance (SRR), defined as the dissipated energy caused by deformation of the pavement when subjected to a moving load, is presented. The method is based on the relation between SRR and the slope of the deflection basin under a moving load. Using the Traffic Speed Deflectometer, the deflection slope is measured at several positions behind and in front of the right rear-end tire pair of a full-size truck trailer while driving under realistic conditions. The deflection slope directly under the tire is estimated from a l

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Anzalone, Ruggero, Giuseppe D'Arrigo, Massimo Camarda, Nicolo’ Piluso, and Francesco La Via. "Evaluation of Mechanical and Optical Properties of Hetero-Epitaxial Single Crystal 3C-SiC Squared-Membrane." Materials Science Forum 778-780 (February 2014): 457–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.778-780.457.

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The aim of this work is to develop the bulge test technique combined with the micro-Raman analysis and a refined load-deflection model for high quality 3C-SiC squared-membranes. By the minimization of the total elastic energy, starting from the isotropic relation between the stress tensor and the strain tensor, it is possible to calculate the relationship between the maximum deflection and the applied pressure, in both regime of small and large deflection. Furthermore, the relationship between the measured shift of Raman Transverse Optical (TO) phonon modes and the total residual strain (Δa/a)

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Kubit, Andrzej, Tomasz Trzepieciński, Łukasz Święch, and Romuald Fejkiel. "EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF ULTRALIGHT AIRCRAFT TYRE BEHAVIOUR UNDER AIRCRAFT LANDING PHASE." Aviation 26, no. 2 (2022): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/aviation.2022.17000.

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The aim of the research described in this paper is analysis of the deformation of the aircraft tyre subjected to static load. Based on the results of experimental tests with a different value of inflation pressure, favorable pressure conditions for use in the tyre of an ultralight aircraft were determined. The deflection characteristics of the tyre depending on the nominal pressure was determined using the digital image correlation technique. In the range of loads not leading to excessive tyre deflection, quite linear relation between vertical deflection and vertical force is observed. The saf

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Шишмарев, Константин Александрович, and Татьяна Ивановна Хабахпашева. "Unsteady deflection of ice cover in a frozen channel under a moving load." Вычислительные технологии, no. 2(24) (April 17, 2019): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25743/ict.2019.24.2.010.

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Рассмотрена нестационарная задача об изгибно-гравитационных волнах на поверхности замороженного ледового канала, вызванных движением внешней нагрузки. Задача решается методом преобразования Фурье вдоль канала и разложением прогибов льда по модам бегущих изгибно-гравитационных волн в канале. Предложен алгоритм, позволяющий привести решение, полученное с помощью обратного преобразования Фурье, к аналитическим формулам в виде суммы стационарных и нестационарных прогибов при конечных временах в системе координат, движущейся вместе с нагрузкой. Исследована эволюция прогибов во времени для разных ск

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Wang, Hai Tao, and Jin Qing Jia. "Relationship between Impact Energy and Flexural Toughness Energy of Steel Fiber Reinforced Lightweight Aggregate Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 261-263 (May 2011): 385–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.261-263.385.

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In order to determine the impact resistance of lightweight aggregate concrete (LWC), especially the effect of steel fibers on impact resistance of LWC, a series of drop-weight tests, recommended by the ACI committee 544, have been carried out in the present study. Impact and flexural tests were carried out on lightweight aggregate concrete reinforced with five different percentages of steel fibers 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% by volume of concrete. For each volume of fibers, complete load–deflection curves of SFLWC were generated in order to determine the total energy absorbed for each spec

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Al fadul, Manar, Haider Darwash, and Furat Y. Al-Ghalibi. "Load Deflection Analysis of Beam-Column using Total Potential Energy (TPE) Principle." Kufa Journal of Engineering 16, no. 1 (2025): 233–51. https://doi.org/10.30572/2018/kje/160114.

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A modified TPE approach to perform finite deflection analysis of slender beam-column elements has been developed. The proposed approach utilizes the energy principal method and takes into account the geometric nonlinearity including the effects of axial force on bending stiffness, the end moments on axial stiffness (bowing), and the initial imperfection. A new equation of the deformation curve that approaches to the exact solution is used in the strain-displacement relation to obtain a more accurate beam-column response. The derived formulation of displacement of the beam-column under axial co

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Hua, Shun Ming, Xiao Jun Wang, and Yi Qiang Wang. "Derivation of the Kinematic Differential Equation for Bending Characteristics of the Bimorph." Applied Mechanics and Materials 201-202 (October 2012): 665–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.201-202.665.

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The bimorphs in this paper are provided with electrodes in parallel manner. When an electric field is applied, one plate elongates and the other contracts. This results in a bending motion and used for actuators or sensors. According to plate theory assumptions, establish the strain deflection expression firstly. And then, derive the strain-stress relation of PZT layer from g-type piezoelectric equations. Finally, some general equations are derived for piezoelectric laminated plates and can be used in theoretical or simulation analysis. Mainly, a kind of deflection differential equation about

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Albadrany, Ayad Aied Mahuof, and Mohammed Obeid Al.-Loheiby. "Experimental Study of the Effect of Semi-Apical Angle on Initial Peak Load and Plastic Work for Nonmetallic Tubes." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 19, no. 2 (2012): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.19.2.04.

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This article investigate the effect of semi-apical angle on the collapse load characteristics of thin truncated circular cones during axial crumpling .The PVC tubes axial crumpling resistance (the relation ship between crumpling force and axial deflection) is described with mathematical models, which are derived depending on previous research and experimental present work .The mathematical models for present work gave good agreement with experimental results. The study showed that the values of initial peak load and plastic work decrease with increasing the semi-apical angle degree at constant

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Abbood, Ahmed A., and Majid M. Kharnoob. "Experimental Studies on the Fire Flame Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Construction Joints." E3S Web of Conferences 427 (2023): 02018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342702018.

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This study was experimentally investigated experimentally, investigating the effect of such mechanical properties and deflection behavior on the performance of reinforced concrete beams with construction joints exposed to fire flame. These beams were built using a slanted connection at a 45° angle in the middle of the beams. Four beams were for a wide temperature range (25–800°C) for the fire flames used on the concrete beams. Two temperature levels (600°C and 800°C) were chosen, with (1 and 2) hrs. period time, respectively. One beam wasn't burnt (Reference specimen). When put through a fire,

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Zhao, Xia, Xiong-Jun He, and Yong-Chao Yang. "Numerical Simulation of GFRP Reinforced Concrete Beams." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5386498.

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Experiment on the constitutive model of fiber reinforced concrete with volume fraction of alkali-resistant glass fiber of, respectively, 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% was conducted, and the constitutive relation of tension stress-strain full curve of GFRC shaft was obtained; the constitutive relation of GFRP is obtained by experiment, and the secant modulus was obtained by the fitting of univariate cubic equation. The finite element numerical simulation of GFRP fiber reinforced concrete beam was carried out, and the load deflection nephogram of fiber reinforced concrete beam, strain nephogram, cr

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Ma, Yongqi, Weidong Ding, Chao Ding, and Hang Ma. "On the Relation between Strength and Stiffness of Cable Tray." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (April 8, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1460603.

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In order to realize the optimal design of the cable supporting system for the purpose of material saving and energy saving and green manufacturing, the strength-stiffness ratio is proposed in the paper in nondimensional form, which defines quantitatively the relation between the static load strength and stiffness of the cable tray. On the premise of ensuring service safety, the correlation between the strength and stiffness of the cable tray under static load is discussed extensively through the theoretical analysis of the mechanical model. The weakest link in the carrying capacity of the cabl

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Bazˇant, Z. P., and Yuan-Neng Li. "Stability of Cohesive Crack Model: Part II—Eigenvalue Analysis of Size Effect on Strength and Ductility of Structures." Journal of Applied Mechanics 62, no. 4 (1995): 965–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2896030.

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The preceding paper is extended to the analysis of size effect on strength and ductility of structures. For the case of geometrically similar structures of different sizes, the criterion of stability limit is transformed to an eigenvalue problem for a homogeneous Fredholm integral equation, with the structure size as the eigenvalue. Under the assumption of a linear softening stress-displacement relation for the cohesive crack, the eigenvalue problem is linear. The maximum load of structure under load control, as well as the maximum deflection under displacement control (which characterizes duc

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Tian, Xiao, Saifei Zhang, Hui Xu, Taijiang Li, Baixun Yang, and Min Zhang. "Assessment of Creep Properties Using Small Punch Test for a 9%Cr-Mo-Co-B Power Plant Steel." Metals 11, no. 12 (2021): 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11121996.

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The present study provides a feasible method to evaluate creep properties for a 9%Cr-Mo-Co-B power plant steel by comparing two sets of data obtained from small punch tests and conventional uniaxial creep tests. The method includes three steps: firstly, conduct a series of small punch tests and conventional creep tests in different load and temperature conditions; secondly, convert the load and central deflection data obtained from the small punch test to stress and strain data; thirdly, determinate the best fit correlation factor by comparing the two sets of data in selected creep models. It

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Bektaş, Numan Behlül, and İnan Ağır. "Impact response of composite plates manufactured with stitch-bonded non-crimp glass fiber fabrics." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 21, no. 1 (2014): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2012-0066.

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AbstractThis experimental study deals with the impact response of composite plates manufactured with stitch-bonded non-crimp glass fiber fabrics. Three kinds of fabrics – biaxial, triaxial, and quadraxial – are used as reinforcing material. Polyester resin is used as a matrix material in the composition of composite plates. An instrumented drop weight impact testing machine, Instron-Dynatup 9250 HV, is used for impact testing. Impact tests are performed under various impact energies, ranging from damage initiation to final perforation. An energy profiling method, showing the relation between i

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Al-Sebai, Humam, Zaid A. Al-Sadoon, Salah Altoubat, and Mohamed Maalej. "Constitutive Relations for Modelling Macro Synthetic Fiber Reinforced Concrete." Civil Engineering Journal 10, no. 6 (2024): 1806–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2024-010-06-06.

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The increasing utilization of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (FRC) within the construction industry signifies a pivotal shift towards enhancing structural integrity and durability. Despite the predominant use of steel fibers, exploring macro synthetic fibers has gained momentum due to their potential to address critical challenges, such as workability reduction and corrosion resistance in FRC, without markedly affecting its structural performance. Among the forefronts of FRC research is developing an accurate constitutive model encompassing the diverse behavior of fibers, particularly synthetic one

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Wang, Na, Juan Rong Ma, and Hai Bo Liu. "Influence of Structural Sealant on Mechanical Behavior of Hidden Frame Curtain Wall." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 2534–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.2534.

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The influence of structural sealant on mechanical behavior of hidden frame curtain wall was analyzed by using uniform negative pressure tests. The glass panel used in hidden frame curtain specimen is monolithic toughened glass. The dimension of the glass panel is 1000mm×1000mm and its thickness is 6mm. The dimensions of structural sealant in the three specimens are 9mm×8mm, 12mm×8mm and 15mm×8mm respectively. Test results indicated that the maximal principle stress and deflection of every test point increased linearly with the increasing of the uniform load from 0.5kPa to 2.0kPa. The variable

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Jojo, Joan Mary, Gouri S. Giri, and Praveen Nagarajan. "Study on interaction of Viscoelastic and Mechano-sorptive creep and effect of Fibre Reinforcement on creep of Timber beams." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1327, no. 1 (2024): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1327/1/012011.

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Abstract Timber is a sustainable material widely used in structural elements. Its viscoelastic nature, in which the stress-strain relation varies with time, poses significant challenge to the durability of timber structures. Creep of timber under constant loading depends on various factors like stress level, moisture content, load-to-grain angle, temperature, relative humidity etc. Among these, relative humidity and moisture content in timber are the most crucial. Drastically varying moisture content causes mechano-sorptive creep. However, the interaction and contribution of various factors ca

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Nasevich, Alina S., Victor L. Shchutskiy, Sergey A. Stel'makh, and Oleg V. Antipov. "Crack Strength and Deformability of Power Transmission Line Conical Poles." Materials Science Forum 931 (September 2018): 304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.931.304.

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Numeral experiments to study influence on design strength of conical poles, limitations of crack width and breaking strain have been conducted. The analysis of influence on conical poles crack strength and deformability and relation between areas of prestressing steel and total area of steel (Asp/As,tot) has been performed. Research has revealed that dependence of crack width on relation between Asp/As,tot for all types of conical poles is close to linear. Percentage of reinforcement μs, tot % does not influence this dependence. A moment of force increase caused by vertical load Mv/M leads to

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Korolev, Alexander Sergeevich, Anastasia Kopp, Denis Odnoburcev, et al. "Compressive and Tensile Elastic Properties of Concrete: Empirical Factors in Span Reinforced Structures Design." Materials 14, no. 24 (2021): 7578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14247578.

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Concretes with the same strength can have various deformability that influences span structures deflection. In addition, a significant factor is the non-linear deformation of concrete dependence on the load. The main deformability parameter of concrete is the instantaneous modulus of elasticity. This research aims to evaluate the relation of concrete compressive and tensile elastic properties testing. The beam samples at 80 × 140 × 1400 cm with one rod Ø8 composite or Ø10 steel reinforcement were experimentally tested. It was shown that instantaneous elastic deformations under compression are

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Nie, G. H., and J. C. Yao. "An Asymptotic Solution for Non-Linear Behavior of Imperfect Shallow Spherical Shells." Journal of Mechanics 18, no. 3 (2002): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1727719100002100.

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AbstractThis paper deals with non-linear behavior of an elastically restrained shallow spherical shell with imperfections and subjected to uniform normal load by the asymptotic iteration method. An asymptotic relation between the external load and central transverse displacement (deflection) of the structure incorporating the effects of the characteristic geometrical parameter, imperfection factor and edge-restraint coefficients is formulated. The corresponding solutions resulting from the use of the second and third iteration processes are compared with each other and available data. The nume

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TAREKEGN, Abrham Gebre. "Time-Dependent Reliability Analysis for Deflection of a Reinforced Concrete Box Girder Bridge." International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 15, no. 2 (2023): 60–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24107/ijeas.1275136.

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Prior to casting of concrete, proper supervision and attention to camber provision in bridge construction are required. It is also critical to use an appropriate quality control manual, pay due attention to reinforcement bar placement, and have a high level of formwork design before construction begins. If these issues are not properly addressed, performance of structures will be affected. In this research, performance of a 40.5m box-girder reinforced concrete bridge which was constructed without having proper camber is studied. As camber was the most important issue of the bridge under invest

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Zhang, Ming Tang, Wei Juan Zhao, Zhi Run Zhang, and Qing Li Wang. "Experimental Study on Seismic Performance of Circular Steel Self-Compacting Concrete Elements." Advanced Materials Research 1094 (March 2015): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1094.245.

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In this article, through changing the parameters of the slenderness ratio lambda and axial compression ratio of n, the eight experimental study of steel tube concrete bending members with circular cross section. To explore different slenderness ratio of lambda concrete-filled steel tube under low cycle loading, the damage form of artifacts, deflection change, the relationship between the load and strain, load (P) and displacement (Δ) curve, the axial deformation and stiffness degradation curve, displacement ductility coefficient and the change of parameters such as energy consumption, thus fur

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Sun, Jun-yi, Jian-li Hu, Xiao-ting He, and Zhou-lian Zheng. "A theoretical study of a clamped punch-loaded blister configuration: The quantitative relation of load and deflection." International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 52, no. 7 (2010): 928–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2010.03.009.

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Ling, Yun, Peter A. Engel, Wm L. Brodskey, and Yifan Guo. "Finding the Constitutive Relation for a Specific Elastomer." Journal of Electronic Packaging 115, no. 3 (1993): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2909336.

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The main purpose of this study was to determine a suitable strain energy function for a specific elastomer. A survey of various strain energy functions proposed in the past was made. For natural rubber, there were some specific strain energy functions which could accurately fit the experimental data for various types of deformations. The process of determining a strain energy function for the specific elastomer was then described. The second-order invariant polynomial strain energy function (James et al., 1975) was found to give a good fit to the experimental data of uniaxial tension, uniaxial

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Mouwainea, Enas Mabrook, and Abdul Muttalib I. Said. "Numerical Modeling of Reinforced Concrete Slabs under Impact Loading." Key Engineering Materials 857 (August 2020): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.857.99.

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This paper aims to provide a numerical model able to represent the behavior of reinforced concrete slabs subjected to impact loads. The nonlinear finite element analysis adopted by ABAQUS/Explicit Software was used in this study. A parametric study was conducted to provide a comprehensive understanding of the behavior of reinforced concrete slabs subjected to impact load. Two parameters were varied amongst the slabs which classified in to two groups. In the first groups, the thickness of slabs is variable, which was equal to (75, 100, 150 mm). In the second group, the thickness of the slab is

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Zhang, Qingqing, Tongfei Sun, Jing Wang, and Qianlong Liu. "Deflection distribution estimation of the main arch of arch bridges based on long-gauge fiber optic sensing technology." Advances in Structural Engineering 22, no. 15 (2019): 3341–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433219862433.

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Deflection of the main arch of arch bridges is one of the main indices for supporting the alignment after construction and evaluating the structural performance. The existing sensing technology and analysis method for deflection monitoring have developed, but it is still difficult to monitor the deflection of the main arch of a long-span arch bridge with great height difference between measuring points. On the contrary, in recent years, with the outstanding advantages of fiber optic sensing technologies, a long-gauge fiber Bragg grating sensing technology has been used in structural health mon

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Takahashi, Yoshimasa, Hiroyuki Hirakata, and Takayuki Kitamura. "Experimental Evaluation of Plastic Property of a Low-Dimensional Cu Nano-Component." Materials Science Forum 567-568 (December 2007): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.567-568.297.

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The plasticity of a copper (Cu) nano-component is experimentally evaluated by a cantilever specimen with multi-layered structure. The cantilever is monotonically loaded by a diamond tip and the deflection at the free-end is precisely measured by a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The plastic deformation of the Cu nano-component is successfully monitored through the non-linear behavior of applied load, P, and cantilever deflection, δ. The plastic constitutive quation of the Cu component is inversely analyzed by finite element method (FEM) assuming that the component obeys the Ramberg-Osg

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