Academic literature on the topic 'Load sharing, Energy balancing'

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Journal articles on the topic "Load sharing, Energy balancing"

1

Hossain, Md Sanwar, Khondoker Ziaul Islam, Abu Jahid, Khondokar Mizanur Rahman, Sarwar Ahmed, and Mohammed H. Alsharif. "Renewable Energy-Aware Sustainable Cellular Networks with Load Balancing and Energy-Sharing Technique." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (2020): 9340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229340.

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With the proliferation of cellular networks, the ubiquitous availability of new-generation multimedia devices, and their wide-ranging data applications, telecom network operators are increasingly deploying the number of cellular base stations (BSs) to deal with unprecedented service demand. The rapid and radical deployment of the cellular network significantly exerts energy consumption and carbon footprints to the atmosphere. The ultimate objective of this work is to develop a sustainable and environmentally-friendly cellular infrastructure through compelling utilization of the locally available renewable energy sources (RES) namely solar photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), and biomass generator (BG). This article addresses the key challenges of envisioning the hybrid solar PV/WT/BG powered macro BSs in Bangladesh considering the dynamic profile of the RES and traffic intensity in the tempo-spatial domain. The optimal system architecture and technical criteria of the proposed system are critically evaluated with the help of HOMER optimization software for both on-grid and off-grid conditions to downsize the electricity generation cost and waste outflows while ensuring the desired quality of experience (QoE) over 20 years duration. Besides, the green energy-sharing mechanism under the off-grid condition and the grid-tied condition has been critically analyzed for optimal use of green energy. Moreover, the heuristic algorithm of the load balancing technique among collocated BSs has been incorporated for elevating the throughput and energy efficiency (EE) as well. The spectral efficiency (SE), energy efficiency, and outage probability performance of the contemplated wireless network are substantially examined using Matlab based Monte–Carlo simulation under a wide range of network configurations. Simulation results reveal that the proper load balancing technique pledges zero outage probability with expected system performance whereas energy cooperation policy offers an attractive solution for developing green mobile communications employing better utilization of renewable energy under the proposed hybrid solar PV/WT/BG scheme.
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Gruosso, Giambattista, and Fredy Orlando Ruiz. "Electric Vehicle Fleets as Balancing Instrument in Micro-Grids." Energies 14, no. 22 (2021): 7616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227616.

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Micro-grids have become the building block of modern energy systems, where distributed resources are the characterizing feature. The charging operation of electric vehicles can be exploited as a flexible load to achieve operational goals of the micro-grid. In the particular case of car-sharing fleets, the degrees of freedom in the charging procedures are reduced when compared to private users. In this work, we illustrate how a car sharing fleet can be incorporated as a flexible load in the micro-grid management system. A linear optimization problem is formulated, where the cost function makes a trade-off between the gain in flexibility in the micro-grid and the loss incurred by the car-sharing service for delaying the recharging procedure of the EV. The proposed approach is evaluated on a data set of charging events generated by a real car-sharing fleet showing that the EMS allows reducing the daily peak demand requested to the public grid and diminishes the operational costs.
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Teekaraman, Yuvaraja, K. A. Ramesh Kumar, Ramya Kuppusamy, and Amruth Ramesh Thelkar. "SSNN-Based Energy Management Strategy in Grid Connected System for Load Scheduling and Load Sharing." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (January 10, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2447299.

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The proposed research work focused on energy management strategy (EMS) in a grid connected system working in islanding mode with the connected renewable energy resources and battery storage system. The energy management strategy developed provides a balancing operation at its output by utilizing perfect load sharing strategy. The EMS technique using smart superficial neural network (SSNN) is simulated, and numerical analyses are presented to validate the effectiveness of the centralized energy management strategy in a grid connected islanded system. A SSNN prediction model is unified to forecast the associated household load demand, PV generation system under various time horizons (including the disaster condition), EV availability, and status on EV section and distance. SSNN is one the most reliable forecasting methods in many of the applications. The developed system is also accounted for degradation battery model and its associated cost. The incorporation of energy management strategy (EMS) reduces the amount of energy drawn from the grid connected system when compared with the other optimized systems.
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4

John Paul Antony, T., and S. P. Victor. "Eslba Load Sharing Technique for Reputation Manager in Multiple Gateways." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.34 (2018): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.34.18709.

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Every node has the states of its neighbors such as Selfish, Unselfish and No Information state. The selfish node free path is constructed by avoiding selfish node in the route discovery process. Watch Dog mechanism helps to avoid such issues. Price and Reputation system (P&RS) helps to diminish the selfish nodes in a successful manner. Trustable node with low portability will go about as a Notoriety Manager and it keeps every one of the records of every node in a record system. The overload of RA leads to various problem and makes the communication very slow. In this paper we discuss about the RA affiliation and request in various possible ways. RA sends the affiliation to the nearest relay node to act as a RA for few nodes. Moreover we discuss the RA communication with Internet through Gateways and the load balancing algorithm – Energy Share Load Balancing Algorithm (ESLBA). The heap adjusting algorithm shares the heap between the nodes and channelizes the ideal course smarterly.
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5

Wahid, Abdul, Javed Iqbal, Affaq Qamar, et al. "A Novel Power Scheduling Mechanism for Islanded DC Microgrid Cluster." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (2020): 6918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176918.

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Extension of the main grid to remote areas is economically not feasible. To electrify remote areas, one of the best choices is to install Renewable Energy Sources (RES) as a distributed generation (DG) and thus form a microgrid (MG) in islanded (Stand-alone) mode. In islanded mode, the MG has no support from the national grid. Thus, the overloading of islanded DC MG can collapse DC bus voltage and cause fluctuation in the load. Therefore, the power sharing and the interconnection among the microgrid (MG) cluster are necessary for reliable operation. Many methods for power sharing also aim at minimizing circulating currents which cannot be avoided when every MG feeds their load locally. Therefore, the proper power balancing among generation, loads, and in between MG cluster is challenging in islanded topology. This paper presents an intelligent controller for power sharing among PV-based MG clusters with load management of connected load during power deficiency. The priority is given to the local critical load of each MG. The second priority is given to the remaining load of the respective MG. The least priority is given to the loads connected to the neighboring MGs. The results show that the power continuation to the power-deficient load has been maintained when another MG has surplus power. The circulating current losses between the MG cluster has been fully avoided during no power sharing.
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6

Raj D, Chethan, and D. N. Gaonkar. "Multiple Inverters Operated in Parallel for Proportional Load Sharing in Microgrid." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 8, no. 2 (2017): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i2.pp654-666.

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<p class="a">The new energy source utilization and development, gradual rise of distributed power grid miniaturization, intelligence, control has become a trend. In order to make microgrid reliable and efficiently run, control technology of microgrid has become a top priority and an inverter as microgrid basic unit, its control has become the most important part in microgrid. In this paper, three inverters are operated in parallel using an P-V/Q-F droop control is investigated. Mathematical model of three phase inverter with LC filter is derived, which is based on the voltage and current dual control loop. Parallel control strategy based on P-V/Q-F droop control, does not require a real time communications between the inverters and more suitable for microgrid applications. To verify the feasibility and validity of the droop control scheme, simulation is done in Matlab/Simulink and results indicate droop control has significant effect on power sharing and balancing the voltage magnitude, frequency.</p>
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7

Hamidi, Meryem, Abdelhadi Raihani, Mohamed Youssfi, and Omar Bouattane. "A new modular nanogrid energy management system based on multi-agent architecture." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 13, no. 1 (2022): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i1.pp178-190.

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The emergence of renewable energy sources with controllable loads gave the opportunity to the consumers to build their own Microgrids. However, the intermittence of renewable energy sources such as wind and photovoltaic leads to some challenges in terms of balancing generation and consumption. This paper aims to present a novel multi-agent model based intelligent control scheme to balance the home/building alternative current (AC)-direct current (DC) load demands and renewable energy sources. The new proposed scheme consists of a three-level hierarchical multi agent system based on cooperation, communication and interaction between intelligent agents to fulfill the load's requirements. Then, the proposed multi agent framework is simulated using four different nanogrids to prove its effectiveness using different temporal profiles for loads and generators. The proposed model is designed to be modular, so that it can be considered as a sample from a set of similar modules, assigned to different buildings to allow efficient energy sharing and balancing. The used approach in this concept is inspired from auto-similar systems, which is well suited and easy to implement on multi agent systems. A co-simulation in MATLAB and JAVA/JADE platforms has been performed regarding the production-consumption of the 24 hours baseline period.
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8

Elgammal, Adel, and Curtis Boodoo. "Optimal Frequency stability Control Strategy for a Grid-Connected Wind/PV/FC/BESS Coordinated with Hydroelectric Power Plant Storage Energy System Using Variable Structure Control." European Journal of Energy Research 1, no. 4 (2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejenergy.2021.1.4.17.

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Because of the growing nonlinear and complexity nature of microgrid systems for example battery energy storage systems, wind-turbine fuel cell, photovoltaic, and micro hydro power plants (BESSs/FC/WT/PV/ Micro Hydro), load-frequency management has been a difficulty. The development of a load-frequency controller based on Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) for an autonomous microgrid (MG) with hydro, wind, and PV RES is shown in this article. The suggested LFC goal is to retain the frequency of the micro hydro power plant under variable load situations by controlling the sharing of output power constant generator between the dummy loads and consumer. Using an adaptive fuzzy logic controller to govern nearly the generating unit`s whole operation, the suggested control technique optimally chooses PID settings for each load value. The suggested fuzzy logic-based controller regulates the plant's frequency output despite fluctuating user loads and manages energy distribution by separating the micro network into separate departures connected in priority order. The suggested frequency controller uses a centralised LFC approach centred on a combination of smart load and Battery Energy Storage System to manage the MG frequency (BESS). It regulates MG frequency by providing active power balancing for a variety of events that such systems face in real-world settings, such as energy surplus generation and energy shortage. In Simulink/MATLAB, the suggested structure is simulated. The simulation results clearly demonstrate the proposed frequency controller's ability to dump extra power when the customer load varies while maintaining a consistent supply frequency.
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9

Demertzis, Apostolos, and Konstantinos Oikonomou. "Braided Routing Technique to Balance Traffic Load in Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal of Monitoring and Surveillance Technologies Research 4, no. 4 (2016): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmstr.2016100101.

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Many-to-one wireless sensor networks suffer from an extreme variation of traffic load between nodes. Sensor nodes near the sink consume much more energy than distant ones, resulting in the energy hole problem (global variation of load). In addition, even nodes located at the same distance from the sink experience very different traffic load with each other (local variation). This uneven distribution of traffic load, both globally and locally, results in a severe shortening of the time until first node runs out of battery. This work focuses on balancing the load of equally-distant nodes from the sink by sharing each one's load among its next-hop neighbors. Eventually, packets are travelling from node to sink by following interlaced paths. The proposed routing mechanism, called braided routing, is a simple one and can be applied over any cost-based routing, incurring a negligible overhead. Simulation results show that the local variance of load is reduced nearly 20-60% on average while the time until first death can be prolonged more than twice in many cases and the lifetime about 15%.
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10

Grover, Sakshi, and Mr Navtej Singh Ghumman. "POWER SAVING LOAD BALANCING STRATEGY USING DVFS IN CLOUD ENVIRONMENT." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 15, no. 13 (2016): 7333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v15i13.4801.

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Cloud Computing is a technology that provides a platform for the sharing of resources such as software, infrastructure, application and other information. Cloud Computing is being used widely all over the world by many IT companies as it provides benefits to the users like cost saving and ease of use. However with the growing demands of users for computing services, cloud providers are encouraged to deploy large datacenters which consume very high amount of energy resulting in carbon dioxide emissions. Power consumption is a key concern in data centers. That type of critical issues not only reduces the profit margin, but also has effect on high carbon production which is harmful for environment and living organisms. Reducing power consumption has been an important requirement for cloud resource providers not only to reduce operating costs, but also to improve system reliability. In research work, we have arranged the virtual machines in ascending order of the load. Cloudlets would be assigned to that virtual machine that has lesser load. Cloudlets are divided into three categories like high, medium and low on the basis of their instruction length. Dvfs approach which has been implemented in the paper would scale the power according to the length of the cloudlets. Three modes of Dvfs have been implemented in the research work. Various parameters like processing time, processing cost and total power consumed by all the cloudlets at the data center have been computed and analyzed. Cloudsim a toolkit for modeling and simulation of cloud computing environment has been used to implement and demonstrate the experimental results.
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