Relevant bibliographies by topics / Load strength of brick masonry

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Load strength of brick masonry'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Load strength of brick masonry"

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Maroušková, Aneta, and Jan Kubát. "SOLID BURNT BRICKS’ TENSILE STRENGTH." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 13 (November 13, 2017): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2017.13.0075.

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This paper deals with experimental testing of solid burnt bricks and mortar in pure (axial) tension. The obtained working diagrams will be further use for a detailed numerical analysis of whole brick masonry column under concentric compressive load. Failure mechanism of compressed brick masonry column is characterized by the appearance and development of vertical tensile cracks in masonry units (bricks) passing in the direction of principal stresses and is accompanied by progressive growth of horizontal deformations. These cracks are caused by contraction and interaction between two materials with different mechanical characteristics (brick and mortar). The aim of this paper is more precisely describe the response of quasi-brittle materials to uniaxial loading in tension (for now only the results from three point bending test are available). For these reasons, bricks and mortar tensile behavior is experimentally tested and the obtained results are discussed.
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Luo, Lie, Ming Zhao, and Ying Liu. "Mortar Replacement Reinforcement Method for Existing Masonry Structures." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 977–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.977.

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For load-bearing capacity reducing of the walls of multi-storey masonry structure caused by the lower mortar strength and quality defects, the mortar replacement method was used to reinforce the perforated brick load-bearing walls. The strength of mortar used for replacing, the depth of replacement, construction methods and quality control have been studied. The reliability of this method is verified by testing in situ including axial compression test and double brick double-shear test for reinforced brick masonry. This method could be also used in reinforcement for the historical masonry buildings.
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Zhang, Zhong Ji. "Experimental Study on Fundamental Mechanical Properties of Autoclaved Sand-lime Brick Masonr." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.345.

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Experimental data are obtained by a series of fundamental mechanical properties experiments on autoclaved sand-lime brick masonry such as compressive strength experiment， shear strength experiment, bending tensile strength experiment, they provide the experiment evidence for writing Hunan province engineering construction local standard named "Technical specification for autoclaved sand-lime brick masonry building ". And following conclusions are drawn through analyzing experiment data and experiment phenomenon: With mortar intensity increasing ,the masonry 's cracking load and ultimate load are approaching in the compression strength experiment; Except that the experiment average value in the bending tensile experiment of masonry along with joint section is lower than the calculated value of standardized formula obviously ,the other are bigger than that of standardized formula; There is a feature of optimal combination of strength for mortar and block; The author derived the formula of bending tensile strength of autoclaved sand-lime brick masonry.
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Pruthvi Raj, G., Mehar B. Ravula, and Kolluru V. L. Subramaniam. "Failure in Clay Brick Masonry with Soft Brick under Compression: Experimental Investigation and Numerical Simulation." Key Engineering Materials 747 (July 2017): 472–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.747.472.

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An experimental investigation of compressive failure in masonry made of soft clay bricks is presented. The research attempts to address the concern of strong/stiff mortars available in the market today in combination with poor quality burnt clay bricks available in India. Masonry assemblages are tested to evaluate the influence of the relative strength of mortar on the observed damage evolution and compressive failure. Damage evolution associated with the formation and propagation of vertical splitting cracks during the compressive load response of masonry assemblages in the stack bonded arrangement are studied using a full-field optical technique based on digital image correlation. The stress state in the composite material produces tension in the mortar and confined compression in brick. Using image correlation clear evidence of the crack forming in the mortar and propagating into the brick is established. Failure is produced by vertical splitting and the number of cracks depend upon the tensile strength of the mortar relative to the brick and the number of head joints. Head joints act as stress risers, leading to high tensile stress.
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Gu, Song, Guo Ping Chen, and Shui Wen Zhu. "Mechanical Analysis of the Recycled Concrete Brick Masonry Wall under In-Plane Load." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.278.

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The purpose of this paper was to investigate the mechanical behavior and failure mode of recycled concrete brick masonry wall under cycling in-plane load. These models of masonry walls were constructed in the laboratory and experimented under in-plane cycling load. The masonry wall was made of recycled concrete bricks joined by mortar, with gypsum lining on both faces. A simulation based on the experiment was carried out using the finite element software ANSYS. In the proposed FE model, the recycling concrete bricks and joints were modeled separately, allowing for nonlinear deformation characteristics of the two materials. The results of the experiment and the finite element analysis were analyzed and compared. When the stress distributions were taken into consideration in the experiments and solutions of ANSYS, it was observed that the stress concentration occurred on two diagonals of the masonry wall. The destruction process and characteristics of the masonry wall were obtained by the experiments. The results of finite element method matched experimental results very well. The FE software ANSYS can be used in the analysis of recycling concrete brick masonry walls under in-plane cycling load and strength capacity.
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Lü, Wei Rong, Meng Wang, and Xi Jun Liu. "Numerical Analysis of Masonry under Compression via Micro-Model." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 1360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.1360.

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The micro-model, which the brick and the mortar model are separated, is used to analyze masonry. Meanwhile, the mortar is divided into three layers along the thickness direction to obtain the internal mechanical behavior of mortar, and the vertical mortar joint strength is taken as 50% strength of the horizontal mortar joint for considering the poor quality of vertical mortar joint. The compressive ultimate load and failure mode of masonry taken from the finite element analysis result, especially the vertical cracks throughout all bricks and mortar and change of brick and mortar strain, are in agreement with the experimental results. It shows that the micro-model and method adopted in paper are able to effectively apply in nonlinear structural analysis for masonry.
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Kamaruddin, Kartini, and Siti Hawa Hamzah. "Optimisation of Calcium Silicate and Sand Cement Bricks in Masonary Bearing Walls." Scientific Research Journal 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2006): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/srj.v3i2.5669.

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Design and construction of buildings used to be on framed structure incorporating reinforced concrete, steel or timber as structural member to transmit load to the foundation. Bricks are normally used as infill materials in these framed structures. However, research has shown that bricks can also be used as external and internal masonry bearing walls. With the use of structural masonry construction method, cheaper and faster construction can be achieved. Savings are obtained by using less formwork and reinforcing steel, reducing construction time as lesser frames or none are used, and eliminating waiting time for the structural concrete to cure or gain their strength. Calcium silicate and sand cement bricks were tested for their mechanical properties. Investigations were carried out on six masonry bearing walls. Each unit measured 1000 mm × 1000 mm and a half brick thick. The structural behaviour due to compressive axial load was investigated and it shows that both bricks satisfy the requirement as load bearing wall. However, the study concluded that sand cement brick wall showed better performance, with maximum lateral displacement of 3.81mm, vertical deflection of 6.63 mm and ultimate load of 448.13 kN.
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Foti, Dora, Michela Lerna, and Vitantonio Vacca. "Experimental Characterization of Traditional Mortars and Polyurethane Foams in Masonry Wall." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (August 19, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8640351.

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Masonry is a composite material largely used in construction. It exhibits several advantages, including significant compressive strength, thermal inertia, and aesthetic beauty. A disadvantage of masonry is mainly related to the inadequate shear strength due to the poor capacity and ductility of the adopted mortar. This aspect is crucial in seismic areas. In this paper, the behavior of polyurethane foams, used as adhesives for the construction of thin joints brick masonry walls, has been investigated. First, the characterization of components was carried out, followed by laboratory uniaxial tests on masonry walls and shear tests on triplets. Moreover, a comparison of the behavior of the foam-brick walls with respect to the traditional mortars masonry was carried out, as the type of joints varies and the arrangement of the holes of the bricks varies with respect to the direction of the applied load. Results provide indications on which adhesive has to be adopted for masonry buildings in reference to the site of construction (i.e., seismic hazard).
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Han, Lim Chung, Abdul Karim Bin Mirasa, Ismail Saad, Nurmin Bt. Bolong, Nurul Shahadahtul Afizah Bt. Asman, Hidayati Bte Asrah, and Eddy Syaizul Rizam Bin Abdullah. "Use of Compressed Earth Bricks/Blocks in Load-Bearing Masonry Structural Systems: A Review." Materials Science Forum 997 (June 2020): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.997.9.

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Clay fired bricks are commonly encountered in the construction sector as infill between structural frames. This system has been favoured by builders due to familiarity, ease of manufacture, and they also do not require skilled labourers to erect. Produced from moulded clay and hardened by firing in a kiln, brick production is both energy intensive and high in CO2 emission. Fired bricks are typically held together by cement mortar at the bed and perpend joints which provide very minimal resistance against shearing or flexure. This meant brick walls often require additional wind posts or stiffeners to provide stability. Compressed earth masonry offers an alternative to the conventional brick walling system in that, besides having the advantages of conventional bricks, they also confer higher compressive strengths due to the high-pressure compaction manufacturing process. The high strength allows the system to be adapted into load-bearing masonry system for use in low-rise buildings as an alternative to the more expensive reinforced concrete or steel framing system. The high-pressure compaction process along with high quality moulds also give fair-faced finished to the bricks, allowing them to be used as facing bricks and eliminating the need for surface finishing such as plastering. Additionally, compressed bricks featuring interlocking key holes along the bed joints allows for simplified and faster wall erection process. This review paper aims to document the research progress thus far in adopting the compressed interlocking bricks as a sustainable alternative to current building materials.
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Zhou, Xiao Jie, Jin Ke Song, Xu Liang Jiang, and Dan Dan Xu. "Experimental Study on Compressive Mechanical Performance of Fly-Ash Thermal Insulation Hollow Block Masonry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 488-489 (January 2014): 643–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.488-489.643.

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Non-autoclaved and non-sintered fly-ash perforated brick is a kind of new material for non-load-bearing walls. In order to promote the application of this new material in village and town buildings of seismic area, compression and shear strength of non-autoclaved and non-sintered fly-ash perforated brick masonry was tested and crack and failure progress was analyzed. The test results show that the failure processes and characteristics of the non-autoclaved and non-sintered fly-ash perforated brick masonry in compression and in shear are similar to that of the common brick masonry, however the non-autoclaved and non-sintered fly-ash perforated brick masonry tend to fail in brittle manner. The compression and shear strength are all less than that of the common brick masonry. A mathematic model of 6 degrees polynomial was used to express the compressive constitutive relationship and the whole process of non-autoclaved and non-sintered fly-ash perforated brick masonry in compression was described. The curve was close to the measured data.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Load strength of brick masonry"

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Malek, M. H. "Compressive strength of brickwork masonry with special reference to concentrated load." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380450.

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Ghazali, M. Z. B. M. "Shear strength of brick masonry joints." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377057.

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Bernat, Masó Ernest. "Analysis of unreinforced and TRM-strengthened brick masonry walls subjected to eccentric axial load." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/145389.

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A significant number of buildings are supported by load-bearing masonry walls. The preservation of these worldwide used structures is a sustainable alternative. However, there is little research about the structural response of these particular elements if compared with others like concrete or steels framed structures. Hence, a further study of the load-bearing masonry walls is necessary as a starting point for the preservation activities. The load-bearing masonry walls are usually subjected to a vertical eccentric loading condition, which is related with their complex structural response. This response is characterised by the second-order bending effects due to the eccentricity of the load, the non-linear compressive response of the masonry and its almost negligible tensile strength. Thus, strengthening these walls, in order to increase their load-bearing capacity, is an interesting upgrading alternative to enhance their life-cycle. In this thesis, an experimental campaign has been carried out. It consisted of hundreds of characterisation tests to obtain the mechanical properties of the component materials which have been used to build twenty-nine full-scale walls. Twenty of these walls were unreinforced and the other nine were TRM (Textile Reinforced Mortar) strengthened. All of them have been tested under eccentric compressive loading conditions. The analysis of the strengthened walls has allowed studying the influence of the strengthening mortar type on the load-bearing capacity. The effects using anchors or embedding different types of fibre grids have been also analysed. A bidimensional (2D) simplified micro-model has been implemented to analyse these structural cases. This numerical tool has been validated using the data from the experimental campaign. Finally, analytical methodologies have been proposed to calculate the load-bearing capacity of unreinforced and TRM-strengthened brick masonry walls. Similarly, two current standards, Eurocode-6 and ACI-530 have been applied to the analysed cases and their results have been compared with the experimental ones. The results show that the TRM provides a load-bearing capacity increase over 100% and homogenises the structural response, which becomes stiffer. Regarding the simulations, the proposed numerical model provides accurate results, which are better for the cases with larger slenderness or larger eccentricity of the applied load. Finally, the proposed analytical methods provide acceptable results, which are more accurate than the ones obtained by applying the formulations included in the analysed standards.
Un nombre significant d'edificis estan suportats per murs de càrrega d'obra de fàbrica. La preservació d’aquestes estructures que s’utilitzen arreu del món is una alternativa sostenible. No obstant això, hi ha molt poca recerca en relació a la resposta estructural d’aquests elements particulars si es compara amb altres com les estructures porticades d’acer o formigó. Per tant, és necessari un major estudi dels murs de càrrega d’obra de fàbrica com a punt de partida de les actuacions de preservació. Normalment, els murs de càrrega estan subjectes a patrons de càrrega vertical excèntrica, cosa que està relacionada amb la seva resposta estructural complexa. Aquesta resposta es caracteritza pels efectes de flexió de segon ordre degut a l’excentricitat de la càrrega, per la resposta no linear a compressió de l’obra de fàbrica i per la seva, pràcticament negligible, resistència a tracció. Per tant, el reforç d’aquests murs, per tal d’augmentar-ne la seva capacitat resistent is una alternativa de millora interessant per allargar la seva vida útil. En aquesta tesi s’ha dut a terme una campanya experimental. Aquesta ha consistit en centenars d’assaigs de caracterització de les propietats mecàniques dels materials components utilitzats per construir vint-i-nou murs. Nou d’aquests es van reforçar amb Textile Reinforced Mortar, TRM, i els altres vint van ser assajats sense reforç. Tots van ser sotmesos a compressió excèntrica. L’estudi dels murs reforçats ha permès analitzar la influència del tipus de morter de reforç, l’efecte de disposar ancoratges o la dependència de la capacitat resistent en el tipus de malla de fibra utilitzada. S’ha implementat un micromodel simplificat bidimensional (2D) per analitzar els casos estructurals proposats. Aquesta eina numèrica ha estat validada utilitzant les dades de la campanya experimental. Finalment, s’han proposat mètodes analítics per calcular la capacitat portant dels murs sense reforç i dels reforçats amb TRM. De forma semblant, s’han aplicat dos normes actuals, l’Eurocodi-6 i l’ACI-530, als casos d’estudi per tal de comparar-ne els resultats amb els experimentals. Els resultats mostren que el TRM aporta un augment de la capacitat resistent de més del 100% i homogeneïtza la resposta estructural que esdevé més rígida. En relació a les simulacions, el model numèric proposat obté resultats acurats, els quals són millors pels casos de major esveltesa o més excentricitat de la càrrega. Per acabar, els mètodes analítics que es proposen aporten resultats acceptables, els quals s’ajusten millor als experimentals que els obtinguts aplicant les formulacions de les normatives.
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Basoenondo, Essy Arijoeni. "Lateral load response of Cikarang brick wall structures : an experimental study." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16685/.

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Despite their poor performance, non-standard clay bricks are commonly used in construction of low-rise buildings and rural houses in Indonesia. These clay bricks are produced traditionally in home industries. Indonesia is located in an active seismic region and many masonry buildings were badly damaged or collapsed during recent earthquakes. Such buildings are classified as non-engineered structures as they are built without using any proper design standard. Lateral load response of un-reinforced masonry walls is investigated in this research project, with the aim of better understanding the behaviour of these masonry walls using low quality local bricks. A comprehensive experimental program was undertaken with masonry wall elements of 600 mm x 600 mm x 110 mm constructed from local bricks from Cikarang in West Java - Indonesia. Wall specimens were constructed and tested under a combination of constant vertical compression load and increasing horizontal or lateral in-plane loads, of monotonic, repeated and cyclical nature. The vertical compressive loading was limited to 4% of maximum brick compressive strength. Masonry mortar mix used to construct the specimens was prepared according to Indonesian National Standard. Three different types of masonry wall panels were considered, (i) (normal) brick masonry walls, (ii) surface mortared brick masonry walls and (iii) comforted surface mortared brick masonry walls. The results indicated that the lateral load bearing capacity of masonry wall is usually lower than that of mortared and comforted walls. Despite this, the lateral load capacity under cyclic loads decreased 50 % of the average capacity of the walls under monotonic and repeated lateral loads. Using the results from the experimental program, a simplified model for the equivalent diagonal spring stiffness of local clay brick walls was developed. This stiffness model derived from experimental results in then used to simplify the structural analysis of clay brick wall panels in Indonesia. The design guideline for brick masonry houses and low-rise buildings in six Indonesian seismic zones was developed, as a contribution towards the development of design guidance for constructing brick masonry houses in Indonesia.
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Marziale, Stephen. "Analysis of Brick Veneer on Concrete Masonry Wall Subjected to In-plane Loads." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1407153177.

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Akhi, Taohida Parvin. "Experimental investigation of effective modulus of elasticity and shear modulus of brick masonry wall under lateral load." ISIS Canada Research Network, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/5304.

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The primary objective of this research program was to investigate the effective modulus of elasticity and shear modulus of brick masonry walls under lateral load, and to to justify using the Jaeger and Mufti method to calculate the effective modulus of elasticity and shear modulus of brick masonry walls. The experimental program involved the testing of three unreinforced brick masonry walls under in-plane and vertical loads. Linear Variable Differential Transducers were used to record the horizontal and vertical displacements of the walls. The experimental results were used to evaluate the modulus of elasticity and the shear modulus of walls under flexure. The experimental results were compared to the finite element analysis results. It was found that the finite element analysis yields similar results to the experimental results. It was also found that the Jaeger and Mufti method to calculate effective modulus of elasticity and shear modulus of brick masonry walls is effective for design purposes.
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Lindell, Oscar, and Johan Olsson. "Calculating the dead load distribution in a cavity wall." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20730.

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Genom historien har flera olika tegelkonstruktioner använts. På 50-talet utvecklades skalmuren som idag dominerar tegelmarknaden. En studie har utförts i ett försök att förbättra hur skalmurar ska dimensioneras. Kommersiella beräkningsmodeller som används i dagsläget resulterar i överdimensionerade skalmurar där dyra konsoler möjligtvis används i onödan. Skalmurar utsätts i princip endast för sin egentyngd och är därför huvudlasten vid dimensionering. Syftet med rapporten är att utveckla en mer korrekt metod för uträkning av egenviktens fördelning i skalmurar för att minska belastningen i murverkets svaga områden. Detta kan i sin tur göra det möjligt att konsoler inte behöver användas för att förstärka de svaga delarna. Arbetet utforskar möjligheten att använda finita elementmetoden för att beräkna egentyngdens fördelning och utförs med programmet FEM-design. De nuvarande kommersiella beräkningsmodellerna använder sig inte av finita elementmetoden och skillnaderna mellan dessa två olika utgångslägen är okända. Rapportens huvudmål är att jämföra den nya metoden som tillämpar finita element metods beräkningar gentemot den gamla metodens beräkningar. Detta utförs genom att studera ett fiktivt exempel av en skalmur som med den gamla metoden hade behövt konsoler. Resultatet visade att den nya metoden kan förbättra egentyngdens fördelning i skalmuren och konsoler kan därför undvikas i detta fall.
Throughout Sweden’s history several distinct types of masonry constructions have been used. In the late 1950s the most common masonry construction that dominates today’s market was developed. A study has been conducted in an attempt to better understand how masonry constructions are to be designed. Commercial calculation methods applied for sizing cavity walls today results in oversized constructions that are reinforced with expensive consoles. The consoles are placed in the cavity wall for supporting the masonry were it would otherwise break. A new calculation method could prove these consoles to be an unnecessary expense. A cavity wall is by principal only exposed by its own dead-load and is therefor the main load when sizing the wall. The purpose of this study is to develop a more accurate method of calculating the spread of the deadload in the cavity walls masonry. This could prove that the weaker points in the wall is not in need of reinforcement by consoles. This study will investigate the possibility to use the finite element method for the calculation of the deadloads spread inside a cavity wall. Commercial calculation methods that are used today does not use the finite element method and the differences in these two initial states are unknown.
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Lau, J. C. K. "The strength of masonry walls and columns of geometric cross section subjected to axial load and bending." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.705159.

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Sánchez, Tizapa Sulpicio. "Experimental and numerical study of confined masonry walls under in-plane loads : case : guerrero State (Mexico)." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00537380.

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This research work proposes methods to rises the resistance and to evaluate the behavior of confined masonry walls built from clay solid bricks. These elements are widely used in Guerrero State (México) to build masonry structures, which should resist high lateral loads because of the serious seismic hazard. Therefore, a large experimental program to evaluate the mechanical properties of bricks and masonry currently required in the design process and masonry analysis was developed. To rises the masonry resistance and to counteract the influence of the compressive strength of the pieces on the masonry behavior, a high compressive strength mortar and a metallic reinforcement inside the joints were used. With respect to referenced values of the mechanical properties, some were similar and others were twice bigger. In this country zone, the first three tests under lateral load on full-scale confined masonry walls built from clay solid bricks were carried out in order to evaluate its behavior. A reinforcement composed by metallic hexagonal mesh-mortar coat was placed on the faces of two walls to rise or to restore the resistance. The walls showed good behavior and the reinforcement had adequate structural efficiency. Numerical models of panels and walls built by using the experimental data evaluated the envelope resistance, the failure mode and showed the influence of the mechanical properties of the pieces and joints on the global behavior. Two models had metallic reinforcement inside the joints. In addition, a constitutive law of the masonry defined from experimental results allowed to elaborate a simple model, which results were concordant with respect to the experimental results and similar to those calculated by complex models. Finally, two simplified models to evaluate the resistance of confined masonry walls by considering the failure plane on the wall diagonal were developed. One supposes the masonry failure by shear effect and the other supposes the masonry failure by induced tension. The ratio theoretical resistance vs. experimental resistance was adequate for walls built from different materials and tested under different loads, which had ratio Height/Length ranging from 0.74 to 1.26
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Kopecký, Martin. "Průzkum a hodnocení zděné budovy zámečku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265736.

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This diploma thesis deals with the diagnostics of masonry structures. In the theoretical part of this thesis it is described the system of assessment of existing structures and then the assessment of existing masonry structures. The next chapter states the methods of survey of masonry structures, including evaluation. The practical part of the thesis deals with the survey of the building of a small castle. This survey includes a brief history of the castle building, the preliminary inspection of the building and the research of the supporting structure. The result of the survey is to determine the material characteristics of masonry.
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Book chapters on the topic "Load strength of brick masonry"

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Madhavi, K., M. V. Renuka Devi, K. S. Jagadish, and S. M. Basutkar. "Shear Bond Strength of Brick Masonry." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 583–90. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6969-6_50.

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Graziotti, Francesco, Gabriele Guerrini, Andrea Rossi, Guido Andreotti, and Guido Magenes. "Proposal for an Improved Procedure and Interpretation of ASTM C1531 for the In Situ Determination of Brick-Masonry Shear Strength." In Masonry 2018, 13–33. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp161220170181.

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Sahu, Santosini, Peri Raghava Ravi Teja, Pradip Sarkar, and Robin Davis. "Correlation Establishment of Compressive Strength and Bond Strength of Fly Ash Brick Masonry." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 841–50. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5644-9_67.

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Kumar, B. M. Vinay, and B. V. Surendra. "Strength and Water Absorption Characteristics of Cement Stabilized Masonry Blocks Using Brick Masonry Waste." In Advances in Sustainable Construction Materials, 131–43. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3361-7_10.

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Costigan, Adrian, and Sara Pavía. "Influence of the Mechanical Properties of Lime Mortar on the Strength of Brick Masonry." In Historic Mortars, 359–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4635-0_28.

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Venkatarama Reddy, B. V., V. Nikhil, and M. Nikhilash. "Moisture Transport in Cement Stabilised Soil Brick-Mortar Interface and Implications on Masonry Bond Strength." In Earthen Dwellings and Structures, 27–37. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5883-8_3.

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Coccia, S., F. Di Carlo, and G. Forino. "Strength of cracked masonry buttresses under horizontal loads." In Brick and Block Masonry, 155–64. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b21889-17.

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Eixenberger, J. G., and F. S. Fonseca. "Shear strength of dry-stack masonry walls." In Brick and Block Masonry, 1539–44. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b21889-191.

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Pérez Gavilán E., J. J., and A. I. Cruz O. "Shear strength of confined masonry walls with transverse reinforcement." In Brick and Block Masonry, 2335–44. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b21889-289.

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Parisi, F., C. Balestrieri, and D. Asprone. "Out-of-plane blast capacity of load-bearing masonry walls." In Brick and Block Masonry, 991–98. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b21889-124.

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Conference papers on the topic "Load strength of brick masonry"

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Fíla, Jiří, Martina Eliášová, and Zdeněk Sokol. "Mechanical properties of solid glass bricks." In The 13th international scientific conference “Modern Building Materials, Structures and Techniques”. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mbmst.2019.033.

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Glass as one of the oldest building materials has been used for centuries to fill window openings. In recent years is it increasingly used also for load-bearing structural elements such as beams, columns, ribs, railings, etc. In addition to flat glass and hollow glass blocks, which have been used historically for non-load-bearing partitions and facades, new load bearing structures from solid glass bricks are arising. Their greater use is hampered by a lack of knowledge of their material properties. Also, their joining is difficult, as can be seen from the realized structures and published works focused on the glass bricks masonry. Most often, transparent adhesives or special mortars are used on the joint between glass bricks. In addition to some examples of completed glass brick structures, the paper is aimed at determining the material properties of glass bricks, which are a prerequisite for the design of safe structures. Two sets of experiments were performed. There were made three-point bending tests and compression tests to determine the bending tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and compressive strength of glass bricks.
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Yuen, C. G., and S. L. Lissel. "Flexural bond strength of clay brick masonry." In MATERIALS CHARACTERISATION 2007. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/mc070251.

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Woen, Ean Lee, Marlinda Abdul Malek, Bashar S. Mohammed, Tang Chao-Wei, and Muhammad Thaqif Tamunif. "Experimental study on compressive strength of sediment brick masonry." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IntCET 2017). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5022911.

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"Investigation of Eco – Friendly Interlocking Masonry Units." In Recent Advancements in Geotechnical Engineering. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901618-20.

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Abstract. This project reveals about the detailed investigation of eco-friendly interlocking masonry units. Interlocking between individual units is enabled by providing grooves, male and female joint on them. Hence less mortar is required for construction of masonry units while using these interlocking bricks. Various trails and tests will be conducted on these interlocking bricks by addition of various materials such as E-wastes, coir pith and saw dust in clay soil. Hence the cost of these masonry units will be reduced. All these various mixtures are mixed at different proportions and ideal mixture are to be found then the grooves are to be altered by male and female joints. Further in addition of clay and sand, wooden powder and coir pith are to be added so that while burning of these masonry units results in good colour and more strength (35% improved strength while comparing to an A-Class brick). Optimum ratio with minimal cost and max efficiency with sustainability to the environment is recommended to the market. In the past year there was a spread of pandemic COVID 19. Precautious measures are taken to avoid the spread of this pandemic. By considering this situation a chemical is to be added in this masonry unit which will be acting as an disinfectious agent which will avoid the entry of various common viruses and bacteria like rhino viruses, salmonella. This ability of the masonry unit will last more than 24 months and beyond. And this can also be replenished after specific period of time. These masonry units have less mortar consumption (70% less mortar consumption while comparing to an A-Class brick), more workability, disinfectious and accommodates waste materials. Hence it is considered to be eco-friendly and sustainable.
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Li, Hong-Nan, Jing-Wei Zhang, and Li Liu. "Seismic Behavior of Insulated Hollow-Brick Cavity Walls Using Quasi-Static Experimentation." In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-2099.

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This paper focuses on an experimental investigation of different types of insulated hollow-brick cavity walls, i.e. the walls with door opening, with window opening and without any opening characterized with different tie bar arrangements, subjected to slowly applied cyclic loads. The cracking and damage patterns, strength and stiffness degradation and deterioration, energy dissipation capacity and hysteretic feature were analyzed. Based on the experimental results, the formulas of calculation for cracking load and ultimate load of cavity wall are mathematically established. The evaluation equation of strength and stiffness degradation of walls is presented and its parameters are numerically given from regression results. The original characteristic curves of recovery force-displacement of actual specimens under cyclic loads were discussed, and then a standard recovery force-displacement model is suggested with convenient forms for implementation.
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Friedman, Donald, and Mona Abdelfatah. "Hidden Strength in Historic Buildings." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.2479.

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<p>Most historic buildings include structural materials and systems that are in some way obsolete. This can range from materials no longer available (first-growth &gt;mber) to those no longer considered safe in modern codes for new use (cast-iron columns). There is a large class of buildings that contain systems that are no longer used but are safe in use; because these systems are not used in new buildings, they are not discussed in current code.</p><p>This paper reviews three obsolete structural systems that have a history of good performance and that have more capacity than ordinary modern analysis would suggest. First, terra-coDa &gt;le arch floors are known to be strong themselves for their expected (gravity) loading, but can also, through pseudo-composite ac&gt;on, strengthen the wrought-iron or steel beams suppor&gt;ng them. Second, draped-mesh (catenary) floors have a load capacity defined by their reinforcing, but have shown to be s&gt;ffer than expected because of mul&gt;ple load paths within the slabs. Finally, the heavy masonry curtain walls typical used with steel-frame buildings before 1920 provide alternate load paths, addi&gt;onal s&gt;ffness, and addi&gt;onal capacity for lateral loads. The presence of these systems can mean that historic buildings are stronger than we think.</p>
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Pong, Wenshen, Mumtaz A. Nazir, and Murat Bozkurt. "Case Study: Seismic Rehabilitation of a Historical Building Using CUBC 97 Guidelines." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71149.

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The proposed research project consists of the seismic rehabilitation of a 1930’s historic building situated in Stockton, California (Seismic Zone 4), using the 1997 Uniform Code for Building Conservation and the Federal Emergency Management Agency FEMA-356 guidelines. The 2-story building was originally built for the Southern Pacific Railroad Company and served as the Stockton Train Depot. The structure consists of un-reinforced brick masonry walls and flexible wood diaphragms. A three-dimension analytical model will be developed and a comparative study will be done for the two approaches. A detailed comparison of the FEMA-356 provisions and the 1997 Uniform Building Code for Conservation (UCBC-97) is performed to establish cost/benefit analyses of the proposed retrofit strategy. A comprehensive comparison of structural capacities of major load-carrying members will also be conducted. Based on the parametric results of this study, a performance-based design scheme will be proposed for retrofitting the existing building to meet the intended seismic performance in the event of major earthquake events.
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Mashal, Mustafa, Karma Gurung, and Mahesh Acharya. "Full-scale experimental testing of Structural Concrete Insulated Panels (SCIPs)." In IABSE Congress, Christchurch 2021: Resilient technologies for sustainable infrastructure. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/christchurch.2021.0833.

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<p>Structural Concrete Insulated Panels (SCIPs) are relatively new addition to construction industry. SCIPs have previously been used in construction of residential, commercial, and military structures. Despite applications overseas and a few in the United States, SCIPs have still remained a relatively unknown construction methodology among structural engineers in the United States and other countries. SCIPs offer advantages such as fast construction, lightweight, thermal insulation, sound insulation, cost-efficiency, and good seismic and wind performance. These advantages make SCIPs a competitive construction methodology compared to traditional wood and masonry construction. In this study, the SCIP construction is introduced, followed by experimental results from full-scale testing of 14 SCIPs slab and wall panels under gravity and lateral loads. 11 full-scale slabs, ranging from 3-5.5 m (10-18 ft.) span, are tested under four-point bending tests in accordance with ASTM standards. The strength, ductility, and failure pattern of the panels are discussed. In addition, the adequacy of splicing details for SCIP slab panels are investigated experimentally using three 5.5 m (18 ft.) slab panels. Three full-scale cantilever wall panels are tested under quasi-static cyclic loading in accordance with ACI seismic testing load protocols. The wall-to-footing connection is a socket connection. This is a novel type of connection for precast wall connection in seismic regions. Experimental results and observations from testing of slab and wall panels showed good strength, ductility, and performance of the specimens.</p>
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Rudolph, Jürgen, Guy Baylac, Paul Wilhelm, John Wintle, and Emilie Buennagel. "Recent Amendments of EN13445-3, Clause 18 and Related Annexes: Detailed Assessment of Fatigue Life." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28129.

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The European Pressure Vessel Standard EN 13445 provides in its part 3 (Design) a simplified method for fatigue assessment (Clause 17) and a detailed method of fatigue assessment (Clause 18). Clause 18 “Detailed Assessment of Fatigue Life” is under revision within the framework of the European working group CEN/TC 54/WG 53 - Design methods. The latest amendments of Clause 18 are to be presented. All these amendments aim at a significant increase in user friendliness and clear guidelines for application. The following items are to be mentioned in particular in that context: • Fatigue assessment of welded components based on structural stress and structural hot-spot stress approaches • Detailed guidelines for determining relevant stresses and stress ranges • Cycle counting proposals. The fatigue assessment of welded components is part of paragraphs 18.6 “Stresses for fatigue assessment of welded components and regions” (determination of relevant stress ranges) and 18.10 “Fatigue strength of welded components” (relevant weld details and revised fatigue curves). The basic rules for unwelded components essentially remain unchanged. Stress analyses for clause 18 are usually based on detailed finite element analyses (FEA). As an essential amendment for the practical user the determination of structural stress ranges for the fatigue assessment of welds is further detailed in the new informative annex NA “Instructions for structural stress oriented finite elements analyses using brick and shell elements”. Here, different applicable methods for the determination of structural stresses are explained in connection with the requirements of the finite element models and analyses. The cycle counting issue is comprehensively treated in the new informative annexes NB “Cycle Counting for a given Load History” and NC “Cycle Counting for Design Data Evaluation” including detailed proposals for implementation in an algorithmic programming framework.
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Jirasko, Jakub, Antonin Max, and Radek Kottner. "A Coupled Temperature-Displacement Numerical Analysis of Hydraulic Press Workspace." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65480.

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The analysis is performed on a hydraulic press which is intended for use in the automotive industry and is a part of a production line. The final phase of manufacture of interior and acoustic parts takes place in this press. These interior and acoustic parts are made of sandwich fabric which is inserted into the heated mould of the press and by treatment with a defined pressure (or, more precisely, a defined compression) and temperature, it is formed into its final shape. This press has a frame with four columns and it is not preloaded. Two double acting hydraulic cylinders placed on an upper cross beam exert the compressive force. Due to continuously increasing demands on the accuracy and quality of products not only in the automotive industry, it is necessary to ensure compliance with the accuracy of certain values of machine operation. Especially in this case, the value of accuracy substantially depends on the clamping plates of the press, for which a certain value of flatness is required, both at room temperature and at elevated temperatures. To achieve this accuracy, it is necessary to guarantee sufficient stiffness of the machine to resist the pressing force with the smallest deformation possible. Another crucial factor affecting the accuracy of the machine is heating of the heated clamping plates. Unequal heating of parts of the frame causes additional deformation that has to be quantified and eliminated. The main aim was to verify the design of the press by numerical computation and gather knowledge for modifying the topological design of the press so that it fulfils the required customer parameters of flatness and parallelism for different types of loading. A computational model of the press was created for the numerical solution of a coupled temperature-displacement numerical analysis. The analysis was performed using the finite element method in Abaqus software. The press is symmetrical in two orthogonal planes and the load of the press is considered to be centric. On the basis of these two factors it was possible to carry out the analysis by considering only a quarter of the press. The analysis was used to investigate the effects of static and combined loads from the pressing force and heat on the press. The influence of a cooling circuit located in the press frame for the reduction of frame deformation (and deformation of clamping plates) was investigated. Contacts were defined among individual parts to ensure the computational model had characteristics as close as possible to the real press. The analysis was solved as stationary, on the basis that the cooling of the tool between individual pressing cycles is negligible. The insulating plates are made of a particulate composite material which was considered to have isotropic properties depending on the temperature. For strength evaluation of composite materials all individual components of the stress tensor were examined according to the maximum stress criterion. Hook’s law was considered to be valid for the metallic materials. Von Mises criterion was used to evaluate the strength of the metallic materials. The geometry of the press was discretized using 3D linear thermally coupled brick elements with 8 nodes and full integration (C3D8T). There were approximately 174,000 elements in total. Design procedures for designing a press frame with higher work accuracy (flatness) were proposed with the example of the simplified model of the press table. With these methods it is possible to achieve times higher accuracy than is achieved with conventional method.
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