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Academic literature on the topic 'Loan company'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Loan company"

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Kachalova, A. V. "Convertible loan agreement." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)) 1, no. 11 (February 14, 2022): 206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2021.87.11.206-215.

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The subject of this article is a convertible loan agreement. The article offers an analysis of the legal nature of the convertible loan agreement, its subject, subject composition, content. The consequences of concluding a convertible loan agreement for a borrower business company are investigated. Alternative mechanisms of financing the activities of a business company are considered. The assessment of the applied value of the convertible loan agreement is given. It is noted that the convertible loan agreement should be considered as an independent civil law agreement, which includes elements of a number of civil law transactions, which, in cases established by law, is an optional element of a corporate legal relationship, aimed at its dynamics (occurrence or change), providing for the right of the lender, instead of returning all or part of the loan amount and paying all or part of the interest for using the loan upon the onset of the term and (or) other circumstances provided for by this agreement, to demand from the business company — the borrower’s participation in its authorized capital.

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Puspitasari, Sabrina Rizki, and Wiwin Yulianingsih. "The Petitioner’s Legal Standing In Verdict No.4/Pdt.Suspkpu/2018/Pn.Niaga Surabaya With The Case Of Loan Payment Suspension (PKPU) Based On Law No. 37 Of 2004." LIGAHUKUM 2, no. 1 (July 23, 2021): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/ligahukum.v2i1.69.

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Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Loan Payment has governed the process of Bankruptcy and Suspension of Loan Payment for State-Owned Corporations in which the one who has authority to submit the petition is the Ministry of Finance as the supervisory agency of a State-owned Corporation. Issue to be raised by the writer in this research is the Legal Standing of the Petitioner in Verdict Number 4 / pdt.sus-pkpu / 2018 / PN.Niaga Surabaya which involves a State-Owned Corporation namely PT Merpati Nusantara Airlines with its Creditors. The issue is analyzed with the applicable laws and regulations, courts verdicts, journals or articles, theories, legal concepts and views of prominent legal scholars. This study aims to determine the legal standing of the petitioner for the Loan Payment Suspension and the legal consequences of this verdict by using normative juridical method. Based on the results of this study, the verdict of Loan Payment Suspension of PT Merpati Nusantara Airlines causes on the state of free from Bankruptcy and the airline can operate again. In addition, through existing Homologation, this company gets an injection of funds from a new company partner. Thus, by operating again, the company can make payment of loans to its creditors, including employees and former employees of the company..

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Yang, Heng‐Li, and Chen‐Shu Wang. "Locating online loan applicants for an insurance company." Online Information Review 32, no. 2 (April 11, 2008): 221–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14684520810879845.

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Jeppesen, Inge Langhave, and Lars Kjærgård Terkilsen. "Shareholder Loans in Danish Tax Law (Foreign) Shareholders Beware!" Intertax 42, Issue 11 (November 1, 2014): 743–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2014067.

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Beware - a new Danish provision on shareholder loans means that it can become quite expensive for a shareholder to have a loan in his company - a so-called shareholder loan. The starting point is that shareholder loans are prohibited under the Danish Companies Act and must be repaid. Nevertheless, a survey by the Danish tax authorities shows that several companies extend loans to their shareholders. Consequently, the Danish Parliament has adopted section 16E of the Tax Assessment Act which deals with the regulation of shareholder loans in a tax context. The result of the regulation is that a shareholder loan will - with a few exceptions - be re-categorized either as salary or as a dividend paid to the shareholder. The re-categorization only takes place, if the shareholder is a natural person with decisive influence over the company pursuant to section 2 of the Tax Assessment Act. The regulation encompasses both resident and foreign shareholders as long as the decisive influence is present. Taxation of a shareholder loan is not tantamount to it being legal in a corporate law context. This means that the shareholder might end up in a situation where the loan is being taxed and furthermore the taxpayer has to repay the loan. This article explains the regulation and the way decisive influence has to be understood. An analysis of case law on the exceptions to the regulation is carried out and finally a few remarks on the tax consequences for the shareholder - being resident in Denmark or abroad - are explained.

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Lestari, Retno Martanti Endah, and Masruroh Masruroh. "PERAN SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL PEMBERIAN KREDIT DALAM MEMINIMALISASI NON PERFORMING LOAN PADA PT BANK MITRANIAGA, Tbk." JIAFE (Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi) 1, no. 2 (July 1, 2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.34204/jiafe.v1i2.511.

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The one of the main business of banks is give a credit that generate revenue for the company, but on the other hand lending has risks. The risk is the emergence of NPL (Non Performing Loan) or often referred to as bad credit. The higher non-performing loans of a banking company will affect the health of banks. It required a system of internal control lending is effectively enforced in order to assist the company in order to minimize the Non-performing Loan. This study is to explain the role of the internal control system of credit in minimizing non-performing loans at PT Bank Mitraniaga, Tbk. by using primary data and secondary data. The analytical method that used is a qualitative and quantitative descriptive statistics. These results indicate that the correlation analysis values obtained significant correlation of -0.844 and 0.000, it could mean that the internal control system of crediting a significant negative effect on non-performing loans at 5% degree of confidence. Koefisisen Value Determination (Kd) of 71.3% means that the role of the internal control system of credit to non-performing loans amount to 71.3%, while the remaining amount 28.7% is explained or influenced by other factors that not examined such as external factors, customer internal factors, and factors of business failure.Keywords: Internal Control Systems of Credit and Non Performing Loan.

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Anebo, Lantera Nadew. "Debenture as Alternate Scheme of Raising Investment Fund and Its Prospects under Ethiopian Company Law." Mizan Law Review 13, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 333–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mlr.v13i3.1.

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With a view to attracting investors, the Government of Ethiopia has offered a variety of incentives and financing schemes. However, the incentives or loan options can be inadequate, susceptible to corrupt practices and inaccessible to many business undertakings. This article examines other possible options of raising investment fund privately from the general public by issuing debt security (debenture). Instead of looking for hand outs of governments or sole reliance on bank loan, investors can raise investment fund from the general public –even beyond national borders– by offering debenture bonds for public subscription. A debenture is debt security that entitles its holder to collect periodic interest until the loan is paid back. Compared to bank loans, raising investment fund through the instrumentality of debentures is more advantageous. The rate of interest, the volume of loan needed for running business, and the time for repayment can be determined by investors. Moreover, the loan is not generally subject to collateral. This article highlights the nature, form, and class of debenture under Ethiopian law, and discusses the legal requirements for the issuance of debenture, the amount of money that can be raised by issuing debentures, the status of debentures in Ethiopia, and legal safeguards for repayment of the loan. Key terms Debenture, Bond, Investor, Floating charge, Creditor, Debtor, Ethiopia

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Xu, Boyu, Zhifang Su, and Jan Celler. "Evaluating Default Risk and Loan Performance in UK Peer-to-Peer Lending: Evidence from Funding Circle." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 25, no. 5 (September 20, 2021): 530–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2021.p0530.

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The United Kingdom is the third-largest peer-to-peer (P2P) lending market in the world, which is surpassed only by the two dominant forces in P2P investing, China and the United States of America. As an innovative financial market in the UK, P2P lending brings not only many opportunities but also many risks, especially the loan default risk. In this context, this paper uses binary logistic regression and survival analysis to evaluate default risk and loan performance in UK P2P lending. The empirical results indicate that credit group, loan purpose for capital needs, sector type, loan amount, interest rate, loan term, and the age of the company all have a significant impact on the probability of loan default. Among them, the interest rate, loan term, and loan purpose for capital needs are the three most important determinants of the probability of loan defaults and survival time of loans.

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Kasim, Anita Ahmad, and Raziyan Dwi Pathan. "Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Kelayakan Penerimaan Nasabah Menggunakan Metode Profile Matching." CESS (Journal of Computer Engineering, System and Science) 5, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/cess.v5i1.14520.

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Abstract—PT Sarana Sulteng Ventura is one company that aims to provide loan capital is micro, small, and medium enterprises (UMKM) as a venture partner timed short or long to be able to stand on its own with loan capital that fits with the kind of effort that it takes for the customer. In providing venture capital loans, the company has some terms and conditions that apply. and the company still cultivate customer data manually so that it takes quite a long time. Then with this author makes the eligibility decision support system which will facilitate customer acceptance staff employees of PT Sarana Sulteng Ventura to pre-screen customer deserves a loan business capital to client or small medium enterprises. The researchers used a system that is web -based systems using the programming language PHP and MySQL into its data base processing and sublime text 2 as editor of programming languages. This research used the method of profile matching process to perform the calculation of assessments to help give the eligibility decision of acceptance the customer at PT. Sarana Sulteng Ventura city of Palu.

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Aulia, Thesa, and Erinos NR. "Pengaruh Kompensasi Eksekutif Dan Efisiensi Operasional Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perbankan Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2016-2018." JURNAL EKSPLORASI AKUNTANSI 2, no. 2 (May 13, 2020): 2711–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jea.v2i2.241.

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This study explain the effect of executive compensation and operational efficiency on the financial performance of banking company, which still unclear the effect of these variables. This study purposed to show and examine empirically the effect of executive compensation (X1), Non performing loan (X2), and Loan to deposit ration (X3) on financial performance banking company which measured by Return on asset (Y). the method that used in this study was causative comperative. The data which are used in this study were obtained from the banking company that listed in BEI in 2016-2018 and the sample were collected based on purposive sampling and resulted 117 companies. The result of this study showed that executive compensation has effect on ROA, while non performing loan has negative effect and significant on ROA, and Loan to deposit ratio has positive effect and significant on ROA. The next study expected to use another variables in order to get a better result and describe the variables which has effect on financial performance in company.

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Hassenjürgen, Christoph. "A company wants to take out a corporate loan." Bankfachklasse 43, no. 4 (April 2021): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s35139-021-0586-6.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Loan company"

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Donleavy, Gabriel Douglas. "The usefulness of funds flow statements : an empirical study of Hong Kong banks' loan officers' use of published company accounts." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281973.

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Dawody, Paulina. "Kringgående av beskattning av förbjudna lån genom skatteplanering med utländska holdingbolag." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-17445.

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Uppsatsens syfte är att mot bakgrund av införandet av 53 kap. IL och den s.k. X och Y- domen, analysera när ett lån från ett utländskt holdingbolag, kan omklassificeras till utdelning genom en tillämpning av principen om rättshandlingars verkliga innebörd. EU-domstolens dom i X och Y-målet föranledde att reglerna i 53 kap. IL ändrades och gjorde det möjligt för svenska privatpersoner att överlåta aktier till underpris till egna bolag i utlandet utan några omedelbara beskattningskonsekvenser. De nya reglerna öppnade upp för en omfattande skatteplanering genom upplägg med utländska holdingbolag. Genom att låna medel från ett holdingbolag som etablerats i utlandet, har svenska privatpersoner kunnat kringgå låneförbudsreglerna i ABL och därmed undvika beskattning. Under 2009 ändrades reglerna för beskattning av förbjudna lån. De nya reglerna tillämpades från den 13 februari 2009 och innebär att lån från utländska juridiska personer numera ska beskattas. Skatteverket har dock fortsatt att angripa lånetransaktioner som har företagits före denna tidpunkt och hävdat att lånen egentligen utgör skattepliktig utdelning. Principen om rättshandlingars verkliga innebörd innebär att domstolarna kan omklassificera en felaktigt betecknad rättshandling och låta den verkliga innebörden ligga till grund för beskattningen. En omklassificering kan endast göras om en rättshandlings beteckning inte stämmer överens med den verkliga innebörden. Ett lån från ett utländskt holdingbolag borde därför kunna omklassificeras till utdelning endast om lånet kan an-ses utgöra förtäckt utdelning enligt ABL. En samlad bedömning måste göras av samtli-ga omständigheter i det enskilda fallet. Frågan har dock inte prövats i högre instans och rättsläget är fortfarande oklart.
The purpose of this thesis is to analyse when, in the light of the X and Y case and chapter 53 IL, a loan from a holding company could be classified as a dividend by applying the principle of substance over form. The ruling of the Court of Justice in the X and Y-case, led to a change of the rules in chapter 53 IL. The new rules made it possible for natural persons to transfer shares in companies at undervalue to foreign legal persons owned by them, without immediate taxation. The new rules resulted in wide tax planning with foreign holding companies. By taking a loan from a holding company established abroad, natural persons could circumvent the ban on credit rules in ABL, and thereby avoid taxation. In 2009 the tax rules concerning forbidden loans where changed. The new rules were applicable from the 13th of February 2009 and imply that loans taken from foreign legal persons should be taxed. However, the tax authorities continue to inspect transactions carried out before this date, claiming that the loans constitute taxable dividends. According to the principle of substance over form, courts are free to reclassify a legal act that is not labeled correctly. Thus, a legal act should be taxed due to its actual substance independent of what form or label it has. A reclassification can only be made when the label of the legal act does not correspond with its real meaning. Hence, a loan from a holding company should only be reclassified to a dividend, if the loan is considered to constitute such disguised dividend according to ABL. All facts need to be considered in the evaluation. The particular question has not been tried by a higher court and therefore the legal position is still unclear.

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Pelc, Milan. "Analýza financování malé prodejny v Jihočeském kraji." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-163939.

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The first part of Master`s thesis focuses on defining the concept of small and medium sized company, a description of their meaning and the possibility of obtaining grants from EU structural funds and from government institutions. Within the options of grant will be prepared and submitted a grant application for a subsidized loan from Czech-Moravian Guarantee and Development Bank or from another entity. The second part of Thesis deals with the business plan. Thesis compares business plan from the franchisor with the reality that arose in building small store in Tabor and its operation in the first fifteen months. Based on the comparison may be designed to optimizing cost outlets of the store. The contribution of this Thesis is to look at a small retail business and it's financing. Such a complex view can help to similar retailers with orientation in the establishment and funding of a similar type of retail businesses. It will also be evaluated by franchise concept Náš grunt in the light of the real picture of financing its stores.

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Peňáz, Jiří. "Konkurenční prostředí v oblasti spotřebitelských úvěrů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-222869.

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The thesis deals with individual lending in the Czech republic. Main focus is given to the analysis of consumer loans provided by selected banks and non-banking credit institutions operating on the Czech financial market. Based on the results of the analysis the recomendations for potential consumer credit applicants are given.

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Mlátilík, Ivo. "Podnikatelský záměr." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-85937.

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The aim of this thesis is a description of the establishment company "National Investments Company Ltd." and create a business plan suitable for presentation in the banking sector as a part of the loan application. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part explains the main definitions, establishment of the Ltd. company and the correct structure of the business plan. The practical part contains the actual business plan and provides information about the problems of investing in real estate and loan applications.

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Skořepová, Marcela. "Možnosti financování dlouhodobého majetku a jeho posouzení daňového dopadu ve stavebním podniku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225677.

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There exist many ways how to finance fixed assets of a company. In my thesis, I deal with several types of funding fixed assets and compare them. In the introduction, I describe different types of funding, their advantages and disadvantages. One of the ways of funding is a lease, a loan or renting of fixed assets. The aim of my work was to select the best way of funding fixed assets for the selected company and study its tax consequences.

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Fourie, Michiel Philippus Willem. "Attracting investment into South African property investment vehicles : evaluating tax." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24354.

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South African property investment vehicles consist of collective investment schemes in property (CISPs), also known as property unit trusts (PUTs) and property loan stock (PLS) companies. The application of sections 25B(1), 11(s), 10(1)(k)(i)(aa) and 64B(5)(b) of the Income Tax Act 58 of 1962 (“the Act”) and paragraph 67A(1) of the Eighth Schedule to the Act result in these property investment vehicles being taxed based on their legal form, that of a trust versus a company, rather than on their common purpose. The South African Revenue Service recognised these inconsistencies in the 2007/8 budget tax proposals and proposed that it be reviewed. In December 2007, National Treasury released a discussion paper on the reform of the listed property investment sector in South Africa. The discussion paper is aimed at adopting a real estate investment trust (REIT) regime in South Africa to make South African property investment vehicles more attractive to foreign investors as well as to address the current tax inconsistencies and fragmented regulation of the South African listed real estate sector. In this study, the current inconsistent tax treatment of these property investment vehicles is reviewed, both as to how they apply to the property investment vehicle and to their respective investors. This study further reviews how REITs in selected other countries are regulated and taxed and National Treasury’s proposals as to how REITs applicable in South Africa should be regulated and taxed. Copyright
Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Taxation
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Rose, Sebastian, and Daniel Kamali. "Does Property Segment Distribution Affect the Capital Structure of Real Estate Companies? : An Investigative Study of the Operational Risk within Different Property Segments and its Effect on the Debt Ratio in a Company." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298079.

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The real estate sector is a capital-intensive industry, where the combination of debt and equity is used to finance the property investment. Companies tend to increase the loan-to-value ratio, to use financial leverage. However due to banks being more restrictive with their lending as well as having different ways of assessing risk in different property companies, there is a belief that the loan-to-value ratio is affected by the property segment distribution in a company. Based on previous research, there are many factors that could affect the loan-to-value (LTV) in a company such as size, profitability, revenue growth and cost of debt. This paper aims to examine these factors, as well as the operational risk that might be visible in the property segment distribution. The study was done through using a quantitative approach by investigating the largest real estate companies in each Swedish municipality. 614 Swedish real estate companies were investigated and pooled into an OLS regression model. Based on the regression, there is enough evidence in this paper that shows that factors such as size, profitability, revenue growth and cost of debt all have significant impact on the LTV. Furthermore, no general conclusion regarding the relationship between property segment distribution and LTV was found in this paper. Although, there is evidence that residentials- and small house units affect the LTV positively while industrial units affect the LTV negatively.
Fastighetssektorn är en kapitalintensiv bransch där kombinationen av skuld och eget kapital används för att finansiera fastighetsinvesteringar. Företag tenderar att öka belåningsgraden för att använda finansiell hävstång. Däremot på grund av att bankerna på senare år blivit mer restriktiva med sin utlåning och att de har olika sätt att bedöma risker på i olika fastighetsbolag, finn fog att förutsätta att belåningsgraden påverkas av fördelningen av fastighetssegment i ett företag. Baserat på tidigare forskning finns det många faktorer som kan påverka belåningsgraden (LTV) i ett företag, såsom storlek, lönsamhet, intäktsökning och kostnad för lånat kapital. Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka dessa faktorer samt den operativa risk som kan synliggöras i fördelningen av fastighetssegment. Studien gjordes via ett kvantitativt tillvägagångssätt genom att undersöka de största fastighetsbolagen i alla Sveriges kommuner. 614 svenska fastighetsbolag undersöktes och analyserades i en OLS- regressionsmodell. Baserat på regressionen finns det tillräckligt med bevis i denna uppsats på att faktorer som storlek, lönsamhet, inkomsttillväxt och kostnad för lånat kapital har en betydande inverkan på LTV. Vidare hittades ingen allmän slutsats angående sambandet mellan fördelning av fastighetssegment och LTV i denna uppsats. Det finns dock bevis för att bostäder och småhusenheter påverkar LTV positivt medan industriella enheter påverkar LTV negativt.

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Delport, P. A. (Petrus Albertus). "Die verkryging van kapitaal in die Suid-Afrikaanse maatskappyereg met spesifieke verwysing na die aanbod van aandele aan die publiek." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25677.

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AFRIKAANS: Die doel van hierdie verhandeling is om die proses van kapitaalverkryging deur die maatskappy te ondersoek en om veral op die begrip “aanbod van aandele aan die publiek” en verbandhoudende aangeleenthede klem te lê. Om hierdie doel te bereik was dit nodig gewees om op die verskillende kapitaalvorme te let soos wat dit ten opsigte van aandelekapitaal en leningskapitaal voorkom. Daar is in hierdie verband ook op enkele faktore gewys wat die maatskappy in ag moet neem in die keuse tussen die kapitaalvorme. Die regsreëls wat die aanbod van aandele aan die publiek reguleer is geskiedkundig nagespoor om sodoende die doel daarvan vas te stel en ook om te bepaal of daar nog aan hierdie doel voldoen word. Daar is ook ‘n regsvergelykende studie gedoen om sodoende perspektief ten opsigte van die effektiwiteit en wenslikheid van hierdie reëls te verkry. Die drie elemente wat die openbaarmakingsvereistes van die Maatskappywet 61 van 1973 in werking stel is in besonderhede ontleed om sodoende te bepaal of daar enige moontlike leemtes bestaan. Oplossings vir hierdie leemtes is dan ook in gepaste gevalle aan die hand gedoen, met die uitgangspunt steeds in gedagte dat die verkryging van aandelekapitaal deur middel van die aanbod van aandele aan die publiek sover moontlik vereenvoudig moet word om sekerheid ten opsigte van die maatskappy daar te stel. Die teenkant hiervan is egter ook in gedagte gehou, naamlik dat die belegger in aandele die mees effektiewe beskerming moet geniet. Dit het veral duidelik geblyk dat die onderskeid tussen die begrippe “inskrywing op” en “koop van” aandele vir sover dit die Suid-Afrikaanse situasie betref, uitgedien is en dat daar slegs voorsiening gemaak moet word vir die koop van aandele op die primêre sowel as op die sekondêre mark. As gevolg van die eng omskrywing van “aandeel” in die Maatskappywet blyk dit dat daar ‘n aantal prosedures van kapitaalverkrying is wat nie deur openbaarmaking gereguleer word nie en die benadeling van die betrokke beleggers tot gevolg het. Die laaste element wat die openbaarmakingsvereistes van die Maatskappywet in werking stel, naamlik die begrip “publiek”, is in wese ondefinieerbaar as gevolg van die vaagheid daarvan en gevolglik die element van sekerhied by kapitaalverkryging benadeel. Die verband tussen die prospektus en die voornoteringsverklaring is onduidelik en verwarrend veral ten opsigte van die dualistiese benadering wat ten opsigte van aanspreeklikheid vir onware verklarings in hierdie dokumente gevolg word en behoort opgeklaar te word ten behoewe van die belegger. ENGLISH: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the process of the acquisition of capital by a company and in particular emphasis will be placed on the concept “an offer of shares to the public” and matters incidental thereto. In order to achieve this purpose it was necessary to distinguish the different forms of capital as manifested in share and loan capital. The different factors which the company should take into account in the exercise of the choice regarding the various forms of capital are also analyzed. The legal rules regulating the offer of shares to the public are historically investigated in order to establish their purpose and also to determine whether they still achieve this purpose. A comparative study was also done in order to place the desirability and efficacy of these rules in perspective. The three elements which make the disclosure requirements of the Companies Act 61 of 1973 operative are analyzed in detail in order to ascertain whether any shortcomings exist. Solutions for these shortcomings are suggested in appropriate cases but against the background of the concept that the acquisition of share capital by the offer of shares to the public must be simplified as far as possible in order to promote certainty from the viewpoint of the company. Against this however, the principle that the investor in shares should enjoy the most effective protection was also highlighted. It especially became apparent that the distinction between the concepts “subscription for” and “sale of” shares have become redundant in so far as they are applied in the South African experience and that provision should be made for the sale of shares on the primary as well as the secondary market. As a result of the narrow definition of “share” in the Companies Act it is apparent that there are a number of procedures for the acquisition of capital which are not regulated by disclosure and consequently have the effect of prejudicing the investors. The last element which makes the disclosure requirements in the Companies Act operative, namely the concept “public”, is in essence indefineable because of its uncertainty, with the effect that the element of certainty in the acquisition of capital is detracted from. The relationship between the prospectus and the prelisting statement is uncertain and confusing especially in respect of the dualistic approach with regards to untrue statements in these documents and should be clarified on behalf of the investor.
Thesis (LLD)--University of Pretoria, 1987.
Mercantile Law
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Topinka, Zdeněk. "Modelace možných finančních zdrojů na pořízení nemovitosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232841.

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The aim of the works was analyze possible to sources financial resources for financing immovables in Czech republic. Sources were to be surveyed for needs personal living and needs business. In diploma work work are circumscribed individual possibilities, their criteria and their usage. Thesis is tipped modelling situation and her solving.

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Books on the topic "Loan company"

1

Thornburg, Lacy H. Home loan experience of small loan company affiliates and subsidiaries. [Raleigh, N.C.]: North Carolina Dept. of Justice, 1986.

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British Mortgage Loan Company of Ontario. The British Mortgage Loan Company of Ontario. [S.l: s.n., 1987.

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Lewis, Frank D. Government loan guarantees and the failure of the Canadian Northern Railway. Kingston, Ont., Canada: Institute for Economic Research, Queen's University, 1986.

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Assembly, Canada Legislature Legislative. Bill: An act to incorporate the Lower Canada Trust and Loan Company. Quebec: Hunter, Rose & Lemieux, 2003.

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Ferguson, W. Craig. The loan book of the Stationers' Company with a list of transactions, 1592-1692. London: The Bibliographical Society, 1989.

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Tally, Melinda Kahn. British drawings, 1760-1925: A loan exhibition, Davis & Langdale Company, New York. May 2-31, 1985. New York: Davis & Langdale Company, Inc., 1985.

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Bass, John. Fraud and repudiation of the conditions of a loan by the government of Canada. [Boulogne, France?: s.n., 1985.

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Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Bill: An act to amend the act 27 Vict. c. 50, incorporating the London and Canadian Loan and Agency Company (Limited). Ottawa: I.B. Taylor, 2002.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Small Business. Prepayment of sec. 503 development company loans and the sec. 504 Development Company Loan Program: Hearing before the Committee on Small Business, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, second session ... Tuesday, May 17, 1994. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1995.

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Assembly, Canada Legislature Legislative. Bill: An act respecting claims under the Consolidated municipal loan fund act. Quebec: Hunter, Rose & Lemieux, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Loan company"

1

Hansen, Bradley A. "Introduction: The Farmers’ Loan and Trust Company as an Institutional Entrepreneur." In Institutions, Entrepreneurs, and American Economic History, 1–10. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230619135_1.

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Hansen, Bradley A. "The Farmers’ Loan and Trust Company and the Evolution of Corporate Finance." In Institutions, Entrepreneurs, and American Economic History, 69–92. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230619135_4.

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Bianchi, Maria Teresa, and Antonietta Cosentino. "The Impact of Digitalization on the Company Value: A Nonperforming Loan Management Business Application." In SIDREA Series in Accounting and Business Administration, 251–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80737-5_19.

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Yang, Qianyun, and Xiangwang Wu. "The Construction of Risk Evaluation System of Small Loan Company in China Based on AHP." In Recent Trends in Decision Science and Management, 637–47. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3588-8_74.

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Donaldson, T. H. "Country v. Company." In How to Handle Problem Loans, 145–55. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07740-3_10.

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Donaldson, T. H. "Restructuring Company Debt." In How to Handle Problem Loans, 156–201. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07740-3_11.

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Dine, Janet, and Marios Koutsias. "Lending money and securing loans." In Company Law, 220–31. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-01562-4_11.

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Dine, Janet. "Lending Money and Securing Loans." In Company Law, 272–89. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14583-6_15.

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Espinoza, Aldair, Roberto García, Yadira Salgado, Luis Alberto Uribe, and Luis Cuautle. "Ergonomic Evaluation of a Manual Load in a Car Assembling Company." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 489–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94589-7_48.

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Bogoviz, Aleksei V., Svetlana V. Lobova, Julia V. Ragulina, Alexander N. Alekseev, and Elena I. Semenova. "Management of Taxation at a Modern Company: Tax Optimization Versus Tax Load." In Optimization of the Taxation System: Preconditions, Tendencies and Perspectives, 101–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01514-5_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Loan company"

1

Shen Tao. "Credit risk control of micro-loan company on soft information." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Information Science and Engineering (ICISE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icise.2010.5691180.

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Shen Tao. "Lending relationship analysis of micro-loan company on game theory." In 2011 International Conference on Management Science and Industrial Engineering (MSIE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msie.2011.5707684.

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Yu, Ping. "Creditors Screening on Logistics Company in Triple Inventory Pledge Loan." In 2012 Fifth International Conference on Business Intelligence and Financial Engineering (BIFE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bife.2012.133.

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Tao, Shen. "Soft Information and Lending Relationship Analysis of Micro-loan Company with Game Theory." In 2010 International Conference on Computational and Information Sciences (ICCIS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccis.2010.30.

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Dijia, Chao, and Su Weidong. "Analysis of the Present Situation of Chinese Small Loan Company and Its Sustainable Development." In 2015 Joint International Social Science, Education, Language, Management and Business Conference. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/jisem-15.2015.13.

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Hanson, John. "The Federal Government’s Role in Enabling the Nuclear Renaissance and a Low-Carbon Energy Future." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-89997.

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The electric power industry in the United States will face a number of great challenges in the next two decades, including increasing electricity demand and the aging of the current fleet of power plants. These challenges present a major test for the industry, which must invest between $1.5 trillion and $2 trillion by 2030 to meet the increased demand. In addition to these challenges, the potential for climate legislation, controversy over hydraulic fracturing, and post-Fukushima safety concerns have all resulted in significant uncertainty regarding the economics of all major sources of base-load electricity. Currently nuclear power produces 22% of the nation’s electricity, and over 70% of the nation’s low-carbon electricity, even though unfavorable economic conditions have stalled construction of new reactors for over 30 years. The economics are changing, however, as evidenced by the recent construction and operating licenses (COLs) awarded by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to Southern Company and SCANA Corporation to build two new units each. The successful construction of these units could lead to more favorable financing for future plants. This improved financing, especially if combined with appropriate additional government support, could provide serious momentum for the resurgence of nuclear power in the United States. The most important way in which government support could benefit nuclear power is by increasing the amount of loan guarantees provided to the first wave of new nuclear power plants. This will help encourage additional new builds, which will help reduce the financing risk premium for new nuclear and improve interest rates for future plants. Instead of simply increasing loan guarantees for nuclear energy, a permanent federal financing structure should be established to provide loan guarantees for “clean energy” technologies in general, a category in which nuclear energy should be included. Most importantly, any changes should be made as part of a coherent, long-term energy policy, which would provide utilities with the correct tools to make the necessary investments, and the confidence that will allow them to undertake large-scale projects.

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Kim, Janghoon, and Ian Dobson. "Propagation of Load Shed in Cascading Line Outages Simulated by OPA." In 2010 Complexity in Engineering (COMPENG). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/compeng.2010.39.

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Wang, Chen-Shu, and Yeu-Ruey Tzeng. "Prediction Model for Policy Loans of Insurance Company." In The 9th IEEE International Conference on E-Commerce Technology and The 4th IEEE International Conference on Enterprise Computing, E-Commerce and E-Services (CEC-EEE 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec-eee.2007.81.

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Chen, Xuhui, and Xinghua Zhang. "Extract-Transform-Load of Data Cleaning Method in Electric Company." In 2010 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence (AICI). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aici.2010.310.

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Lambert-Torres, G., D. da Silva Filho, and C. H. V. de Moraes. "Intelligent Data Mining in Power Distribution Company for Commercial Load Forecasting." In 2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2007.385450.

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Reports on the topic "Loan company"

1

Graham, Stephen M., and Michael D. McLaughlin. The Effect of Rotation on Load-Line Displacement Measurements Using Capacitance Gages in a Compact Tension Specimen. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada375789.

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Han, Fei, Monica Prezzi, Rodrigo Salgado, Mehdi Marashi, Timothy Wells, and Mir Zaheer. Verification of Bridge Foundation Design Assumptions and Calculations. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317084.

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The Sagamore Parkway Bridge consists of twin parallel bridges over the Wabash River in Lafayette, IN. The old steel-truss eastbound bridge was demolished in November 2016 and replaced by a new seven-span concrete bridge. The new bridge consists of two end-bents (bent 1 and bent 8) and six interior piers (pier 2 to pier 7) that are founded on closed-ended and open-ended driven pipe piles, respectively. During bridge construction, one of the bridge piers (pier 7) and its foundation elements were selected for instrumentation for monitoring the long-term response of the bridge to dead and live loads. The main goals of the project were (1) to compare the design bridge loads (dead and live loads) with the actual measured loads and (2) to study the transfer of the superstructure loads to the foundation and the load distribution among the piles in the group. This report presents in detail the site investigation data, the instrumentation schemes used for load and settlement measurements, and the response of the bridge pier and its foundation to dead and live loads at different stages during and after bridge construction. The measurement results include the load-settlement curves of the bridge pier and the piles supporting it, the load transferred from the bridge pier to its foundation, the bearing capacity of the pile cap, the load eccentricity, and the distribution of loads within the pier’s cross section and among the individual piles in the group. The measured dead and live loads are compared with those estimated in bridge design.

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Pag, F., M. Jesper, U. Jordan, W. Gruber-Glatzl, and J. Fluch. Reference applications for renewable heat. IEA SHC Task 64, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task64-2021-0002.

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There is a high degree of freedom and flexibility in the way to integrate renewable process heat in industrial processes. Nearly in every industrial or commercial application various heat sinks can be found, which are suitable to be supplied by renewable heat, e.g. from solar thermal, heat pumps, biomass or others. But in contrast to conventional fossil fuel powered heating systems, most renewable heating technologies are more sensitive to the requirements defined by the specific demand of the industrial company. Fossil fuel-based systems benefit from their indifference to process temperatures in terms of energy efficiency, their flexibility with respect to part-load as well as on-off operation, and the fuel as a (unlimited) chemical storage. In contrast, the required temperature and the temporal course of the heat demand over the year determine whether a certain regenerative heat generator is technically feasible at all or at least significantly influence parameters like efficiency or coverage rate.

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Kürşat Önder, Yasin, Maria Alejandra Ruiz-Sanchez, Sara Restrepo-Tamayo, and Mauricio Villamizar-Villegas. Government Borrowing and Crowding Out. Banco de la República, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1182.

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We investigate the impact of fiscal expansions on firm investment by exploiting firms that have multiple banking relationships. Further, we conduct a localized RDD approach and compare the lending behavior of banks that barely met and missed the criteria of being a primary dealer, as well as barely winners and losers at government auctions. Our results indicate that a 1 percentage point increase in banks’ bonds-to-assets ratio decreases loans by up to 0.4%, which leads to significant declines in firm investment, profits and wages. Our findings are grounded in a quantitative model with financial and real sectors with which we undertake a welfare analysis and compute the cost of government borrowing on the overall economy.

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Brun, Matthieu. Impact assessment of Bpifrance’s financial support to SMEs’ innovation projects. Fteval - Austrian Platform for Research and Technology Policy Evaluation, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2022.555.

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This paper evaluates the economic impact of Bpifrance’s financial programmes to support SMEs’ Research, Development and Innovation (RDI), called individual aid for innovation (IA). It focuses on the analysis of subsidies and zero-interest loans granted to SMEs over three years old during the period 2005-2018 in order to foster their RDI activity (R&D expenses and spending related to the development of innovative products, processes or services) and economic growth (turnover, employment). We use a difference-in-differences methodology combined with a propensity score matching procedure to compare supported SMEs with non-supported SMEs with same initial characteristics. This counterfactual analysis is based on a unique dataset containing both financial and non-financial information about millions of French companies. Up to 12,000 SMEs supported over the 2005-2016 period have thus been analysed, making this study the first to estimate the effect of Bpifrance’s individual aid for innovation on such a scale and using such detailed information.

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Regan, Jack, and Robin Zevotek. Evaluation of the Thermal Conditions and Smoke Obscuration of Live Fire Training Fuel Packages. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, March 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/karu4002.

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Firefighters routinely conduct live fire training in an effort to prepare themselves for the challenges of the fire ground. While conducting realistic live fire training is important, it also carries inherent risks. This is highlighted by several live fire training incidents in which an inappropriate fuel load contributed to the death of participants. NFPA 1403: Standard on Live Fire Training Evolutions was first established in response to a live fire training incident in which several firefighters died. Among the stipulations in NFPA 1403 is that the fuel load shall be composed of wood-based fuels. The challenge of balancing safety with fidelity has led instructors to explore a variety of different methods to create more realistic training conditions. A series of experiments was conducted in order to characterize common training fuels, compare these training fuels to furnishings, and examine the performance of these training fuels in a metal container prop. Heat release rate (HRR) characterization of training fuels indicated that wood-based training fuels had a constant effective heat of combustion. Depending on the method used, this value was between 13.6 and 13.9 MJ/kg. This indicates that, even in engineered wood products, wood is the primary material responsible for combustion. In order to further explore the conclusions from the HRR testing, additional experiments were conducted in an L-shaped metal training prop. The results of these experiments highlighted a number of considerations for firefighter training. Thermal conditions consistent with “realistic fires” could be produced using NFPA 1403 compliant fuels, and in fact the thermal conditions produced by larger wood-based fuel packages were more severe than those produced by fuel packages with a small amount of synthetic fuel. The fuel package used in training evolutions should reflect the training prop or building being used, the available ventilation, and the intended lesson. Fuel load weight and orientation are both important considerations when designing a fuel package. The training considerations drawn from this report will help to increase firefighters’ understanding of fire dynamics, and help instructors better understand fuel packages and the fire dynamics that they produce.

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Regan, Jack, and Robin Zevotek. Study of the Fire Service Training Environment: Safety and Fidelity in Concrete Live Fire Training Buildings. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/wxtw8877.

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The goal of fire service training is to prepare students for the conditions and challenges that they face on the fireground. Among the challenges that firefighters routinely face on the fireground are ventilation-controlled fires. The hazard of these fires has been highlighted by several line-of-duty deaths and injuries in which a failure to understand the fire dynamics produced by these fires has been a contributing factor. The synthetic fuels that commonly fill contemporary homes tend to result in ventilation-controlled conditions. While synthetic fuels are common on the residential fireground, the fuels that firefighters use for fire training are more often representative of natural, wood-based fuels. In order to better understand the fire dynamics of these training fires, a series of experiments was conducted in a concrete live fire training building in an effort to evaluate the fidelity and safety of two training fuels, pallets and OSB, and compare the fire dynamics created by these fuels to those created by a fuel load representative of a living room set with furniture items with a synthetic components. Additionally, the effects of the concrete live fire training building on the fire dynamics were examined. The two training fuel loads were composed of wooden pallets and straw, and pallets, straw, and oriented strand board (OSB). The results indicated that the high leakage area of the concrete live fire training building relative to the fuel load prevented the training fuel packages from becoming ventilation-controlled and prevented the furniture package from entering a state of oxygen-depleted decay. The furniture experiments progressed to flashover once ventilation was provided. Under the conditions tested, the wood based fuels, combined with the construction features of this concrete live fire training building, limited the ability to teach ventilation-controlled fire behavior and the associated firefighting techniques. Additionally, it was shown that the potential for thermal injury to firefighters participating in a training evolution existed well below thresholds where firefighter PPE would be damaged.

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Litaor, Iggy, James Ippolito, Iris Zohar, and Michael Massey. Phosphorus capture recycling and utilization for sustainable agriculture using Al/organic composite water treatment residuals. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600037.bard.

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Objectives: 1) develop a thorough understanding of the sorption mechanisms of Pi and Po onto the Al/O- WTR; 2) determine the breakthrough range of the composite Al/O-WTR during P capturing from agro- wastewaters; and 3) critically evaluate the performance of the composite Al/O-WTR as a fertilizer using selected plants grown in lysimeters and test-field studies. Instead of lysimeters we used pots (Israel) and one- liter cone-tainers (USA). We conducted one field study but in spite of major pretreatments the soils still exhibited high enough P from previous experiments so no differences between control and P additions were noticeable. Due to time constrains the field study was discontinued. Background: Phosphorous, a non-renewable resource, has been applied extensively in fields to increase crop yield, yet consequently has increased the potential of waterway eutrophication. Our proposal impetus is the need to develop an innovative method of P capturing, recycling and reuse that will sustain agricultural productivity while concurrently reducing the level of P discharge from and to agricultural settings. Major Conclusions & Achievements: An innovative approach was developed for P removal from soil leachate, dairy wastewater (Israel), and swine effluents (USA) using Al-based water treatment residuals (Al- WTR) to create an organic-Al-WTR composite (Al/O-WTR), potentially capable of serving as a P fertilizer source. The Al-WTR removed 95% inorganic-P, 80% to 99.9% organic P, and over 60% dissolved organic carbon from the agro-industrial waste streams. Organic C accumulation on particles surfaces possibly enhanced weak P bonding and facilitated P desorption. Analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM- EDS), indicated that P was sparsely sorbed on both calcic and Al (hydr)oxide surfaces. Sorption of P onto WW-Al/O-WTR was reversible due to weak Ca-P and Al-P bonds induced by the slight alkaline nature and in the presence of organic moieties. Synchrotron-based microfocused X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) spectrometry, bulk P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES), and P K-edge micro-XANES spectroscopy indicated that adsorption was the primary P retention mechanism in the Al- WTR materials. However, distinct apatite- or octocalciumphosphatelike P grains were also observed. Synchrotron micro-XRF mapping further suggested that exposure of the aggregate exteriors to wastewater caused P to diffuse into the porous Al-WTR aggregates. Organic P species were not explicitly identified via P K-edge XANES despite high organic matter content, suggesting that organic P may have been predominantly associated with mineral surfaces. In screen houses experiments (Israel) we showed that the highest additions of Al/O-WTR (5 and 7 g kg⁻¹) produced the highest lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolial) yield. Lettuce yield and P concentration were similar across treatments, indicating that Al/O- WTR can provide sufficient P to perform similarly to common fertilizers. A greenhouse study (USA) was utilized to compare increasing rates of swine wastewater derived Al/O-WTR and inorganic P fertilizer (both applied at 33.6, 67.3, and 134.5 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹) to supply plant-available P to spring wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) in either sandy loam or sandy clay loam soil. Spring wheat straw and grain P uptake were comparable across all treatments in the sandy loam, while Al/O-WTR application to the sandy clay loam reduced straw and grain P uptake. The Al/O-WTR did not affect soil organic P concentrations, but did increase phosphatase activity in both soils; this suggests that Al/O-WTR application stimulated microorganisms and enhance the extent to which microbial communities can mineralize Al/O-WTR-bound organic P. Implications: Overall, results suggest that creating a new P fertilizer from Al-WTR and agro-industrial waste sources may be a feasible alternative to mining inorganic P fertilizer sources, while protecting the environment from unnecessary waste disposal.

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Al-Qadi, Imad, Jaime Hernandez, Angeli Jayme, Mojtaba Ziyadi, Erman Gungor, Seunggu Kang, John Harvey, et al. The Impact of Wide-Base Tires on Pavement—A National Study. Illinois Center for Transportation, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-035.

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Researchers have been studying wide-base tires for over two decades, but no evidence has been provided regarding the net benefit of this tire technology. In this study, a comprehensive approach is used to compare new-generation wide-base tires (NG-WBT) with the dual-tire assembly (DTA). Numerical modeling, prediction methods, experimental measurements, and environmental impact assessment were combined to provide recommendations about the use of NG-WBT. A finite element approach, considering variables usually omitted in the conventional analysis of flexible pavement was utilized for modeling. Five hundred seventy-six cases combining layer thickness, material properties, tire load, tire inflation pressure, and pavement type (thick and thin) were analyzed to obtained critical pavement responses. A prediction tool, known as ICT-Wide, was developed based on artificial neural networks to obtain critical pavement responses in cases outside the finite element analysis matrix. The environmental impacts were determined using life cycle assessment. Based on the bottom-up fatigue cracking, permanent deformation, and international roughness index, the life cycle energy consumption, cost, and green-house gas (GHG) emissions were estimated. To make the outcome of this research effort useful for state departments of transportation and practitioners, a modification to AASHTOWare is proposed to account for NG-WBT. The revision is based on two adjustment factors, one accounting for the discrepancy between the AASHTOware approach and the finite element model of this study, and the other addressing the impact of NG-WBT.

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Bhattarai, Rabin, Yufan Zhang, and Jacob Wood. Evaluation of Various Perimeter Barrier Products. Illinois Center for Transportation, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-009.

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Construction activities entail substantial disturbance of topsoil and vegetative cover. As a result, stormwater runoff and erosion rates are increased significantly. If the soil erosion and subsequently generated sediment are not contained within the site, they would have a negative off-site impact as well as a detrimental influence on the receiving water body. In this study, replicable large-scale tests were used to analyze the ability of products to prevent sediment from exiting the perimeter of a site via sheet flow. The goal of these tests was to compare products to examine how well they retain sediment and how much ponding occurs upstream, as well as other criteria of interest to the Illinois Department of Transportation. The products analyzed were silt fence, woven monofilament geotextile, Filtrexx Siltsoxx, ERTEC ProWattle, triangular silt dike, sediment log, coconut coir log, Siltworm, GeoRidge, straw wattles, and Terra-Tube. Joint tests and vegetated buffer strip tests were also conducted. The duration of each test was 30 minutes, and 116 pounds of clay-loam soil were mixed with water in a 300 gallon tank. The solution was continuously mixed throughout the test. The sediment-water slurry was uniformly discharged over an 8 ft by 20 ft impervious 3:1 slope. The bottom of the slope had a permeable zone (8 ft by 8 ft) constructed from the same soil used in the mixing. The product was installed near the center of this zone. Water samples were collected at 5 minute intervals upstream and downstream of the product. These samples were analyzed for total sediment concentration to determine the effectiveness of each product. The performance of each product was evaluated in terms of sediment removal, ponding, ease of installation, and sustainability.

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