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Horikawa, Naoko. "English Loan Words in Japanese: Exploring Comprehension and Register." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/913.
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English loan words (ELWs) have become a considerable part of the contemporary Japanese vocabulary. Meanwhile, it has been shown that there are individual differences in the rate of ELW comprehension. Among the factors for low comprehension is age; people over 60 years old have been shown to comprehend fewer ELWs than the overall age group. As Japan is expected to soon enter the era of an aging society, the issue of ELW comprehension is likely to present serious social and personal problems. The purpose of this study was to identify the current state of frequently used ELWs in contemporary written Japanese, with particular attention to their frequencies, linguistic features, and comprehension rates by people over 60 years old. In order to identify the mediums that are likely to be problematic, three registers were examined: government white papers, books, and internet texts. The study found that the three registers differ in their overall frequencies of ELWs and distributions of the semantic categories, while the distributions of the types of borrowing are similar. It also found that ELWs in certain semantic categories have lower comprehension rates than other categories. Registers that regularly contain low-comprehension ELWs are likely to pose problems for readers over 60 years old.
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Heung, Lok-yi, and 香樂怡. "Loan word compression in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45007573.
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Проняєва, Вікторія Едуардівна, Виктория Эдуардовна Проняева, and Viktoriia Eduardivna Proniaieva. "Growth and structure of the English language." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31140.
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Loan-words have been called the milestones of philology, because in a great many instances they permit us to fix approximately the dates of linguistic changes.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31140
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Stephen, Jeannet. "English loan words in the Malay print media and their implications for English vocabulary acquisition." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/14701.
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English is considered an important language in Malaysia and taught beginning at the preschool level. However, the Malaysian examination system does not require students to pass English for them to move up in grades or to enter public tertiary institutions. This has led to student apathy towards English as they could easily enter and graduate from public universities without needing to be proficient in English. Limited proficiency in English has been cited as one of the main reasons for the rising number of unemployed public university graduates -- a great many of whom are bumiputeras. The main objective of the study was to explore whether the ESL learners' knowledge of English loan words in Malay could be a useful resource in their acquisition of English vocabulary. The focus is primarily on academic vocabulary from the Academic Word List (AWL) and ESL learners in Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia. The study, implemented in two phases, employed the mixed methods methodology combining a lexical analysis of a specifically designed corpus (500,000 running words), language assessment, and survey research methods (questionnaire and semi-structured interview). Phase 1 covered the linguistic dimension of the research with a preliminary analysis of the Academic Word List and the construction of the corpus taken from semiacademic articles from a Malay print media. Phase 2, on the other hand, covered the cognitive-affective dimension of the research which involved a language attitude questionnaire, two vocabulary tasks, and a focus group interview. The test instruments were earlier piloted with 34 students and in the main study there were 101 participants (70 bumiputeras, 31 non-bumiputeras). The preliminary analysis revealed that English loan words in Malay comprised 40% of the most frequent word in the AWL. Results from the vocabulary tasks show that learners are familiar with the core meaning of the English word based on their knowledge of the word's loan form in Malay. This indicates that if teachers were to successfully use the loan words as a teaching aid, care should be taken to instruct learners in the meaning(s) and usage(s) of the English and its loan in Malay. The study also showed that students have a positive attitude towards English and the loan words in general.Whole document restricted until March 2013, but available by request, use the feedback form to request access.
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Bessett, Ryan Matthew, and Ryan Matthew Bessett. "The Integration of Lone English Nouns into Bilingual Sonoran Spanish." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625613.
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Using data from Arizona, United States, the present study seeks to further our understanding of lone other language items (LOLIs) in bilingual discourse and their status as either borrowings or codeswitches by measuring the degree of incorporation that can indicate a LOLI's status as a borrowing or codeswitching. To accomplish this aim, nouns from 40 sociolinguistic interviews from 8 Spanish monolingual speakers from Sonora, Mexico, 8 English monolingual speakers from Arizona, and 24 Spanish-English bilinguals from Arizona (from Sonoran families) are compared.
Codeswitching can be defined as the "juxtaposition of sentences or sentence fragments, each of which is internally consistent with the morphological and syntactic (and optionally, phonological) rules of the language of its provenance" (Poplack, 1993, p. 255). Borrowing involves the incorporation of LOLIs from a donor language incorporated into a recipient language and need to be morphologically and syntactically adapted into the recipient language (Poplack, Sankoff, and Miller, 1988; Sankoff, Poplack, and Vanniarajan, 1990). Accordingly, the key difference between codeswitching and borrowing is that borrowings are morphosyntactically incorporated into the recipient language while codeswitches are not incorporated. It is important to note that in terms of LOLIs' status, phonological integration has been discarded for being too variable and therefore not a reliable factor in discerning one-item codeswitches from borrowings (Poplack and Sankoff, 1984; Poplack, Sankoff, and Miller, 1988).
In order to measure the degree of incorporation that can in turn indicate the LOLI's status as a borrowing or a codeswitch, the present study applies a sociolinguistic comparative method to loanwords, following Poplack and Meechan (1995, 1998) by comparing nouns from Spanish (recipient language), nouns from English (donor language), and LOLIs from English in Spanish discourse. Since phonology has not been applied to the method of analysis, this study also seeks to explore if phonological integration is correlated to morphosyntactic integration of determiner realization of LOLIs.
The results show, in accordance to previous studies, that the LOLIs overall act morphosyntactically like patrimonial Spanish words in terms of the variables that condition determiner usage. In terms of how phonological integration interacts with morphosyntactic integration, it does seem that the two correlate. LOLIs with Spanish morphology are more morphosyntactically similar to Spanish patrimonial nouns and LOLIs with English phonology are more morphosyntactically similar to English patrimonial nouns in both overall frequencies and the factors that condition determiner usage, leading to the hypothesis that LOLIs that are integrated phonologically are established borrowings and LOLIs that are not integrated phonologically are either codeswitches or nonce borrowings. We provide further evidence for this hypothesis by examining the pauses and false starts that are present before LOLIs with Spanish versus English phonology. The results indicate that LOLIs with English phonology are more often preceded with pauses and false starts than LOLIs with Spanish phonology.
The findings of this study suggest that phonological integration is a factor that should be brought back to the discussion on discerning LOLIs' status as a borrowing or a codeswitch.
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Sedeeq, Dashne Azad. "Diachronic study of English loan words in the central Kurdish dialect in media political discourse." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/41229.
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The current study is a diachronic study of the use of English loan words in Kurdish political discourse between 1993 and 2013, based on political articles in the Xebat newspaper. During this period a series of radical changes have occurred in socio-political domains in Kurdish society. The coincidence of these changes is expected to have caused a considerable number of borrowings in the representation of political notions. The motivation behind this study is the frequent use of English loan words in the Central Kurdish dialect as a consequence of the period of intense contact between Kurdish and English in the Kurdistan region of Iraq from 2003 to 2013. The data demonstrates that there is a dramatic increase in the frequency of use of English loan words most notably in 2005 and 2011 in response to political, economic, and cultural changes in Kurdish society and its increased contact with the English language. In contrast, the frequency of Arabic loan words reduced gradually after Arabic ceased being used as an official language for education, administration, and politics in Iraqi Kurdistan, in 1992. The data shows that lexical transference is definitely the most common category of transference from English into the dialect as a consequence of the lexical needs of different political terminologies. The examination of semantic fields in this study indicates that English words have been borrowed across a range of political and general spheres. In particular, the results suggest that the high level of borrowing was caused by lexical gaps, such as in the lexis of administration. The Kurdish language had many gaps in this field because its users did not use their language in any administrative official structure until after 1992, when the new political processes necessarily required a great deal of new terminology relating to forming administrative and economic structures and, ultimately, a new government. The study also explores the process of adaptation by which loan words from English are modified within the structure of the Central Kurdish dialect. The results indicates that the majority of these loan words are adapted to the phonological, orthographical and morphological structure of this dialect of the Kurdish language and that many have become productive elements within the dialect.
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Heung, Lok-yi. "Loan word compression in Hong Kong /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36846260.
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Uchida, Emi. "The use of cognate inferencing strategies by Japanese learners of English." Thesis, University of Essex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327060.
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Polyarush, Viktoriya. "The Influence Of English On Ukrainian, With A Focus On The Language Of Youth." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612527/index.pdf.
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The purpose of this thesis is to examine the role of Anglicisms in the language of Ukrainian young adults, the motives of English borrowings&rsquousage, and the attitude of young people towards the presence of Anglicisms in the Ukrainian language. The study examined the language of young adults, newspapers and magazines, and popular TV programmes. Note fields, audio-recordings, and questionnaire were chosen for investigation of borrowings integrated in the Ukrainian language. The study revealed a constant usage of Anglicisms by young adults in Ukraine, despite their place of residence and occupation, focusing on the main areas where borrowings are used. It was suggested that English borrowings have become a significant part of the language used by young people in Ukraine.
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Heinonen, Susanne. "Det låter pretty najs : En undersökning av mellanstadieelevers attityder till engelska lånord." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för svenska språket (SV), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-78728.
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Den här uppsatsen undersöker unga människors attityder till att använda enstaka ord ochfraser på engelska i svenska meningar. Forskning visar att engelskt inflytande är högre iyngre åldrar än hos äldre. Fenomenet att använda engelska ord i det svenska språket desenaste decennierna har ökat alltmer och det finns flera faktorer som pekar på attengelskan har fått ett allt större inflytande inom flera samhällsområden. Dessa språkligaförändringar speglas av samhällets kultur och attityd till engelskan. Förutom den litteratursom jag hänvisar till i den här uppsatsen har jag valt att genomföra en intervju- ochenkätundersökning med yngre individer för att ta reda på deras attityd till att växla mellansvenska och engelska när de talar.Resultatet av undersökningen visar att en majoritet av informanterna använder engelskai sitt vardagsspråk och att attityden till att använda ord och fraser på engelska i det svenskaspråket är mycket positiv samt att sociala faktorer som till exempel samhörighet spelar enstor roll. Dessutom visar resultatet att attityden till att använda engelska ord är något merpositiv hos flickor än hos pojkar. Resultatet visar även att informanterna i undersökningenanvänder engelska ord som screena, softa och King när de talar om fritidsaktiviteter samtatt de entusiastiskt uttrycker engelska adjektiv som cool, pretty, nice eller najs, ibland isin engelska form och ibland anpassat till svenskan.
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Edgar, John Tees. "The assimilation of loan words in Masalit." Thesis, University of London, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338160.
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Chan, Ka-yin. "Loan Words in advertisements in Japanese women's magazines." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31953785.
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Lin, Wing-cheong, and 連永昌. "Loan words and code-mixing in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B26758994.
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Chan, Ka-yin, and 陳嘉賢. "Loan Words in advertisements in Japanese women's magazines." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31953785.
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Yeung, Hong-ting, and 楊康婷. "A study of loan words in Chinese language in Hong Kong =." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30433083.
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Randall, Anthony Michael. "Recognising words in English and Arabic." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390017.
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Hockey, Hannah. "Which skills influence pre-school children's repetition of words, non-words and sentences?" Thesis, City University London, 2014. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/14454/.
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This study explores the role of existing language knowledge and phonological short-term memory (PSTM) on pre-school children’s non-word, word and sentence repetition (NWR, WR and SR). Previous studies have revealed that children with language difficulties find these tasks difficult, but there is debate about which skills are measured. This study aimed to contribute to this understanding. Identification of the underlying skills would enable speech therapists to plan targeted therapy to support the children’s difficulties. Data was collected at two time points: at time one from fifty-four participants, aged 3-3 ½ years old; and at time two from fifty-two of the original sample (aged 4 -4½ years). The study is split into four parts. First it explores three influences on the children’s WR and NWR: knowledge of the words, speech sound skills and PSTM, at both time-points. The second part divides the group into children with and without identified speech and language difficulties. It explores differences in performance by the two groups. Part three explores the influence of grammar (morphology) and PSTM on sentence repetition. Part four investigates relationships between children’s NWR and WR at both time points with their SR at the second time-point. There was evidence at both time-points that children draw on long-term word knowledge during WR and no evidence of them using PSTM in this task. There was a clear influence of PSTM on their NWR. The children’s speech affected both NWR and WR. The clinical group repeated both known words and non-words less accurately than the non-clinical group. They showed a similar pattern of performance in their repetition of non-words, but achieved lower scores across all syllable lengths. Children aged 4 years used existing grammatical skills when repeating sentences. There was limited evidence of the influence of PSTM. A correlation was found between children’s NWR and later SR. The relationship was due to the influence of language knowledge and PSTM on both tasks. Results from the study suggest that for both NWR and SR language knowledge and PTSM interact in their effect on accuracy. The tasks are however useful clinically because children’s scores are influenced by their existing language knowledge.
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Fyle, Margaret Sophia. "Yoruba loan words in Krio : a study of language and culture change /." Connect to resource, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1243356678.
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Thompson, Carrie A. "500 Essential English Words for ESL Missionaries." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd884.pdf.
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Raffelsiefen, Renate. "Relating words : a new approach to English morphology /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8438.
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El-Shazly, Mohamed Helal Ahmed Sheref. "The provenance of Arabic loan-words in Hausa : a phonological and semantic study." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1987. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28940/.
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This thesis consists of an Introduction, three Chapters, and an Appendix. The corpus was obtained from the published dictionaries of Hausa together with additional material I gathered during a research visit to Northern Nigeria. A thorough examination of Hausa dictionaries yielded a large number of words of Arabic origin. The authors had not recognized all of these, and it was in no way their purpose to indicate whether the loan was direct or indirect; the dictionaries do not always give the Arabic origin, and sometimes their indications are inaccurate. The whole of my corpus amounts to some 4000 words, which are presented as an appendix. The entries show the tones and vowel lengths of the words, which do not appear in Hausa orthography, but are in general related to the syllable structure of their Arabic origins. The Arabic items are given in transliteration. Meanings and examples are given for the Hausa items, and for the corresponding Arabic items as fully as is deemed relevant. Items have not always come directly from Arabic, and wherever possible their most likely source has been indicated. A large part of the research was given to this part of the work, and it has been thought desirable to present this corpus in full as a necessary part of the thesis, without which the rest would be much less intelligible. Chapter 1, concerning the historical side suggests that the amount of influence in Northern Nigeria direct from Arabs is much less than has been alleged, and is far exceeded by that of Kanuri, Tuareg, Songhai and Fulani teachers. They came, of course not to bring the Arabic language but to spread Islam, and it was Islam that brought the Arabic language and culture. The Arabic and Hausa languages have different phonological systems and Chapter 2 sets out how these differences affected the borrowed items in Hausa, and points to the great complexity of the relations. Chapter 3 attempts to show how far the loan-words retained their meanings in Arabic and how far these meanings changed in their new environments. It would be impossible in one thesis to deal with all the items, and attention has been focused on the development of Hausa personal names. In many cases the Arabic origins were personal names but in some instances Hausa names have been evolved from other areas e.g. Arabic words for numerals and for days of the week and months of the year. This new and independent development in Hausa is a common feature regarding most loans from Arabic.
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Tillaeus, Fredrik, and Malin Hällefors. "Working with Words." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-32991.
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A comparative essay between the findings of research and practical methods in the English classroom conserning vocabulary learning in a foreign language.En jämförande uppsats mellan forskningsrön och praktisk tillämpning i klassrummet rörande ordinlärning inom undervisning i engelska.
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Kiriakos, Bernard. "Detection of lexical stress in English isolated words." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61710.
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Dunai, Amber Munshi Sadaf. "Semantic shift and the link between words and culture." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9785.
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Partington, Ann. "Storage and retrieval of English words by Hong Kong Cantonese speakers of English." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308699.
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This thesis is concerned with the phonological representations of words used in lexical storage and retrieval, during speech perception by second language speakers. There is evidence of categorical perception of certain phonological features of words by native speakers of particular languages. This can be constrained by language- particular phonological properties, such as lexical tone, or by distinctions between certain types of consonant. If native language perceptual strategies were used in second language word retrieval, then this would mean there were differences in word storage for second language speakers. This would be reflected in differing patterns of word retrieval for second language speakers of a language with different phonological properties from their own. In order to test this possibility, Hong Kong Cantonese speakers with English as their second language were required to retrieve English words from their word store. Their native language is tonal, unlike English, and they have been found to perceive tones in their native language categorically. Subjects were presented aurally with English sentences which each contained a malapropism for the last word, and were asked to produce the correct word. The malapropisms were systematically varied in their phonological similarity to the target. The phonological variation was determined from evidence drawn from speech error analyses in production and from an analysis of a high frequency sample of words conducted as part of the thesis. Native speakers of English were used as controls in the experiments. Results showed similarities and differences in retrieval between the two groups of subjects. Both groups made use of a number of phonological properties in retrieval. The differences were associated with perceptual strategies involving a suprasegmental phonological property of English, that of lexical stress. Correct words could be retrieved by the Cantonese speakers when word stress was the only shared phonological property of error and target. Native speakers only made use of word stress when other phonological properties were shared by error and target. The use of a number of phonological properties by both sets of speakers during word retrieval is consistent with recent generative linguistic accounts of enriched phonological structure in phonological representations. It is possible that the mind takes account of such constituent structure during speech perception to disanibiguate phonetic stimuli. However, the phonological organisation of lexical representations may vary from one language to another, with information from the same sound signal being used differently by second language speakers of a given language from native speakers
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Козловська, Ганна Борисівна, Анна Борисовна Козловская, Hanna Borysivna Kozlovska, and S. Kiktenko. "Celtic and Borrowings in the English Language." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 1998. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/62786.
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The paper is aimed at investigating Celtic words and borrowings in the English language. Loan words or borrowings are noteworthy as they enrich vocabulary, make terms; they also make bookish style and international vocabulary.
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Tyler, Elizabeth M. "The collocation of words for treasure in Old English verse." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6e4807b8-5372-4fc7-86a4-598d1fd76b72.
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This thesis uses a study of the collocation of words for treasure to address the question of the relationship between the conventionality and originality of Old English verse. Collocation will be defined as the tendency for words to appear together. Such a definition allows for the examination of patterns of repetition beyond the half-line while also including the half-line formula thereby including stylistic features which have been considered, negatively, as constraints and restrictions on the freedom of the Old English poet, as well as other stylistic features which have been considered positively, as evidence of the rhetorical skill of the Old English poet. Rather than restrict the number of poems which I study, I have chosen to restrict the number of words to five words (mađm, hord, gestreon, sinc and frætwe) for treasure. This restriction allows for a wide spectrum of Old English verse to be examined since the words appear widely throughout the corpus. I hope thus to avoid the tendency common in scholarship to study not the whole of Old English poetry but to focus on Beowulf and verse at one time thought to be at least partly heroic. With few exceptions, the study of the style of Old English verse has largely ignored meaning. The restriction of this study to five words will allow for comments on stylistic features to be drawn with reference not only to the needs of verse form but with careful attention to the subtlety of the semantic fields of the words involved. In Chapter One, I review past scholarship on the lexis and style of Old English Verse with particular emphasis on the question of conventionality and originality. Chapter Two examines the place of treasure in Old English verse. Chapter Three focuses on the semantic analysis of the five words for treasure. I devote attention to the referents of each word and also include an account of such semantic aspects as nuance, connotation and themes associated with each word. Chapter Four consists of a study of the lexical collocations associated with each of these five words for treasure. Chapter Five considers the implications of the collocations of words for treasure for the conventionality and originality of the style and lexis of Old English verse. The conclusion attempts to comment on the style and quality of individual Old English poems. Lexical collocation is an aspect of lexis and style which has been largely ignored and which offers a new vantage point from which to consider Old English poetics further.
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Johnson, Sara Ann. "'Inside my house of words' : the poetry of Anne Stevenson." Thesis, University of Hull, 2008. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:6697.
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This thesis examines the relationship between autobiography and art in Anne Stevenson's work by exploring her poetic negotiation of her own presence within her poems, or 'house of words'. A brief contextual preface assesses Stevenson's importance as a poet and explains the rationale for this study. Chapter One relates the history of Stevenson's work in the context of her life. It also explores her own critical writing, and considers critics' views of her work. Chapter Two explores Stevenson's position in her poems which speak of the domestic house. Consistently wary of the confessional label, she erects the house of poetry as a house of words within the literal house, so that these poems become a dialogue between the personal and poetic 'I'. Chapter Three looks at her poems of place. Stevenson has lived in a number of towns and cities, and many feature in her poetry. However, in these poems she emerges as a shadowy presence that is both present and absent, so that biographical associations are both challenged and endorsed. Chapter Four explores her poems of the natural world. These poems reveal a keen observation of the world she sees. However, she is a self-confessed Darwinian, so these poems become a lively negotiation between Stevenson the evolutionist and Stevenson the poet. Chapter Five turns to her elegies for poets. The poems speak of her personal experiences of loss, but while hers is a cohesive voice, her relationship with the dead becomes less and less certain within this particular house of words. I conclude that her poems are founded on autobiography, but it is the negotiations of her own presence that give them their inbuilt strength.
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Salkinder, Mia Anna. "The poetry of Ruth Miller : the Word and her words." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13936.
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Bibliography: leaves 65-66.This dissertation analyses a selection of Ruth Miller's poetry collected in Floating Island (1965), Selected Poems (1968) and previously uncollected poems included in the posthumous collection, Ruth Miller: Poems, Prose, Plays (1990) edited by Lionel Abrahams. It extends and argues against the most recent readings of Ruth Miller proposed by Joan Metelerkamp (1991 and 1992). Metelerkamp suggests that previous criticisms of Miller, focusing exclusively on her modernist intent, ignore Miller's role as a woman living in a society dominated by patriarchal authority; an authority that is informed by the Judeo-Christian tradition. This dissertation extends Metelerkamp's observation, showing how the existential crisis that is made manifest in Miller's poetry is generated by both her compliance with and denial of this patriarchal Judeo-Christian meaning-making system. It also registers a changing development in Miller 's poetic trajectory from her earlier to her later poems. Metelerkamp's criticism of Miller's poetry has not recorded this development, allowing for the overall pronouncement that her poetry registers only loss and shows no conscious signs of negotiating the patriarchal system in which she is entrapped. In contrast, the conclusion of this dissertation points to elements in Miller's later poetry that suggest the development of Miller's voice as well as indicating Miller's recognition of her own compliance and desire to break with patriarchal authority.
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Ellis, Robert. "Verba Vana : empty words in Ricardian London." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2012. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8821.
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Verba Vana, or ‘empty words’, are named as among the defining features of London by a late fourteenth-century Anglo-Latin poem which itemises the properties of seven English cities. This thesis examines the implications of this description; it explores, in essence, what it meant to live, work, and especially write, in an urban space notorious for the vacuity of its words. The thesis demonstrates that anxieties concerning the notoriety of empty words can be detected in a wide variety of surviving urban writings produced in the 1380s and 1390s. These include anxieties not only about idle talk – such as janglynge, slander, and other sins of the tongue – but also about the deficiencies of official discourses which are partisan, fragmentary and susceptible to contradiction and revision. This thesis explores these anxieties over the course of four discrete chapters. Chapter one, focusing on Letter-Book H, Richard Maidstone’s Concordia and Geoffrey Chaucer’s Cook’s Tale, considers how writers engaged with the urban power struggles that were played out on Cheapside. Chapter two, examining the 1388 Guild Petitions, considers how the London guilds legitimised their textual endeavours and argues that the famous Mercers’ Petition is a translation of the hitherto-ignored Embroiderers’ Petition. Chapter three, looking at several works by Chaucer, John Gower, the Monk of Westminster and various urban officials, explores the discursive space that emerges following justified and unjustified executions. Chapter four, focusing on Chaucer’s Squire’s Tale and John Clanvowe’s Boke of Cupide, contends that the crises of speech and authority that these poems dramatise can be productively read within the context of the Merciless Parliament of 1388. Through close textual analysis, this thesis analyses specific responses to the prevalence of empty words in the city, while also reflecting more broadly on the remarkable cultural, linguistic, social, and political developments witnessed in this period.
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Ármannsson, Bjarki. "Grapheme-to-phoneme transcription of English words in Icelandic text." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446924.
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Foreign words, such as names, locations or sometimes entire phrases, are a problem for any system that is meant to convert graphemes to phonemes (g2p; i.e.converting written text into phonetic transcription). In this thesis, we investigate both rule-based and neural methods of phonetically transcribing English words found in Icelandic text, taking into account the rules and constraints of how foreign phonemes can be mapped into Icelandic phonology. We implement a rule-based system by compiling grammars into finite-state transducers. In deciding on which rules to include, and evaluating their coverage, we use a list of the most frequently-found English words in a corpus of Icelandic text. The output of the rule-based system is then manually evaluated and corrected (when needed) and subsequently used as data to train a simple bidirectional LSTM g2p model. We train models both with and without length and stress labels included in the gold annotated data. Although the scores for neither model are close to the state-of-the-art for either Icelandic or English, both our rule-based system and LSTM model show promising initial results and improve on the baseline of simply using an Icelandic g2p model, rule-based or neural, on English words. We find that the greater flexibility of the LSTM model seems to give it an advantage over our rule-based system when it comes to modeling certain phenomena. Most notable is the LSTM’s ability to more accurately transcribe relations between graphemes and phonemes for English vowel sounds. Given there does not exist much previous work on g2p transcription specifically handling English words within the Icelandic phonological constraints and it remains an unsolved task, our findings present a foundation for the development of further research, and contribute to improving g2p systems for Icelandic as a whole.
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Van, Steenbergen Suzanne Michele. "Beyond words making academic language real for secondary English learners /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p1457299.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed November 6, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 168-171).
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Sun, Seak Leong. "Words loaned from Portuguese to Cantonese in Macao." Thesis, University of Macau, 2006. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1637007.
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Dunai, Amber. "Semantic Shift and the Link between Words and Culture." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9785/.
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This thesis is concerned with the correlation between cultural values and the semantic content of words over time; toward this purpose, the research focuses on Judeo-Christian religious terminology in the English language. The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is of central interest to this study, and the implications of the hypothesis, including a bidirectional interpretation allowing for both the influence of language on worldview and culture on language, is of great relevance to the research findings and conclusions. The paper focuses on the etymology and sources of religious terminology in the English language, the prominent category of terms with both religious and secular applications attained through semantic shift, and the role of religious words as English taboo. The research findings imply that a bidirectional understanding of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is the correct one. This is achieved both through analysis of historical events and linguistic development which emphasize the speaker's role in language development and through the study of societal values that are reinforced through linguistic practices, namely taboo.
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Kidder, Emily. "Prominence in Yucatec Maya: The Role of Stress in Yucatec Maya Words." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/293432.
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Yucatec Maya (YM) is an indigenous language of Mexico that features both phonemic tonal distinctions and phonemic vowel length. These features are primarily associated with the phonetic cues of pitch and duration, which are also considered the primary correlates of stress in language. Though scholars have noted the existence of stress or accent since it was first documented centuries ago, no detailed account of stress as either a separate or related entity to tone or length has been made. This dissertation presents a unique view into YM prosody by looking at loan word incorporation in conjunction with native speaker intuitions, and production data. A case study of Spanish loan words into Yucatec finds that when Spanish words are incorporated into the YM prosodic system, the initial syllable undergoes lengthening. Statistical analyses performed on data from native speaker intuitions and production data, however, find no concrete pattern of obligatory stress on the word level in Yucatec Maya words.
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North, John Richard James. "Words in context : an investigation into the meanings of Early English words by comparison of vocabulary and narrative themes in Old English and Old Norse poetry." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254524.
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Parsons, Ben. "Wounds, words, worlds : injury in Middle English satire, c.1250-1534." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487612.
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The thesis explores the role of violence and wounding in English satire before the Refonnation. From the analysis of medieval commentary on Juvenal and Horace, and depictions of wounding in medieval culture, a new understanding of satiric aggression is derived. It is suggested that satire and mutilation are connected by their common sense of ambivalence. During the Middle Ages both were invested with two distinct functions: each could enforce a given system of standards and definitions, or be used to dissolve such a system. While this dualism makes disfigurement a natural emblem for satire, it also means that wounding invariably brings to light discrepancies when it. is portrayed in satiric texts. Its flexibility serves to exacerbate the tensions present in the mode. The thesis thus treats injury not only as a central motif in satire, but as a point at which implicit conflicts emerge most clearly. Wounding is used as a means of distinguishing points of friction in the literature. These ideas are applied to the two main traditions of Middle English satire, anticlericalism and antifeminism. In both cases, the ruptures in texts are closely analysed. These in turn are used to identify inconsistencies in medieval culture more widely. The thesis seeks to redress two critical oversights. Firstly, the dual nature of medieval satire has never been explicitly theorised. While the genre's two facets have been examined individually, their coexistence has never been fully investigated. Secondly, vernacular satire is itself an tinder-explored field. Although several studies of Middle English satire exist, these often conflate the literature with unrelated types of text, or reduce English works to echoes of twelfth-century Latin satire. This study treats medieval vernacular satire as an art-form in its own right, with its own unique concerns and complexities.
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Devonish, Karen Elizabeth. "Semantic transparency of English words and Grade Five French Immersion students." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ62982.pdf.
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Herus, O., and A. Kulyk. "The problem of translation onomastic realia words into English and Ukrainian." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/49149.
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Realia (from Latin – “fact”, “event”, “thing”) – are the words and phrases that denote the names of objects, concepts of phenomena characteristics related to the geographical environment, culture, and material everyday life or social-historical peculiarities of the nation, country, tribe, and reflect national, local or historical color. [1, 47] Such words have no analogues in other languages, and therefore cannot be translated in a general way, because they require a special approach. Realia are real hindrances for interpreter, who must save the author's style in the most accurate way.
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Mousli, Mohammad M. "Insertion of English acronyms & single words/terms in Arabic translation." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2002. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/743.
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Insertion of source text (henceforth: ST) acronyms and single words/terms (henceforth: item/s) into target text (henceforth: TT) is relatively, so far, a neglected issue in translation studies. In the case of translating a text from English into Modern Standard Arabic (henceforth MSA) in Australia, we are dealing with the issue of inserting an item of a source text (English source text, henceforth EST) into a target text (Arabic target text, henceforth ArTT). The ArTT has newly introduced items in their Roman Letters (henceforth R.I), The ArTT has newly introduced items in their Roman letters (henceforth R.I), transliterated and/or translated with or without being accompanied by their EST counterparts in R.I.
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Ng, Wai Chun Janet. "Unknown words : L2 learners' handling strategies." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2001. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/374.
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Reder, John P. "Seeing tongue, tasting eye words as food in American verse /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1851880381&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Mitchell, Lesley Mary. "Exploring the rules of stress assignment in disyllabic English words and nonwords." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.538777.
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Mukai, Makiko. "A comparative study of compound words in English, Japanese and mainland Scandanavian." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/243.
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The aim of this thesis is to propose a structure for compounds, specifically compound nouns in Japanese, English and Mainland Scandinavian within the framework of Chomsky's Minimalist Program and Bare Phrase Structure (Chomsky 1995). The purpose is to show that words are derived in Narrow Syntax as phrases and that words must have asymmetrical structure, i. e. a head of the word should be determined. The proposed structure of a compound noun in the languages in question is as follows: (1) P(X) root P(x) root P(x) Structure (1) is derived with the following assumptions in mind. 1. The place of Morphology within the Minimalist Program is argued to be outside the Lexicon and after the Narrow Syntax. This has led several linguists to argue that a word is derived in the same way as a phrase. Moreover, linear order is redundant in the Narrow Syntax, since the structure determines the word order. As a result, it is not the Right-hand Head Rule proposed by Williams (1981) which determines the head of a compound word but the structure does. The Right-hand Head Rule may have a place in the phonology, though, in stipulating how a word derived in the Narrow Syntax is spelled out. The rule is formulated by Williams to apply in Morphology. In most current minimalist theories morphology is after spell-out. But the head must be determined before spell-out, since it determines the LF as well as determining aspects of the PF. 2. Nothing prevents us applying Merge at the level of the word as well as the phrasal level. As Williams' (1981) Right-hand Head Rule cannot be used within the Minimalist Program, Collins (2002) definition of head is used for compound words. According to Collins, a head is a category which has one or more unsaturated features. Another stipulation taken from Collins (2202) is that when a lexical item is chosen from the lexical array and introduced to the derivation, the unsaturated features of this lexical item must be satisfied before any new unsaturated lexical items are chosen from the lexical array. The effect of these two assumptions is that when two categories a and ß are merged, only one of them, say a, can have an unsaturated feature (which is not saturated by ß), so a will be the head. The structure (1) shows the following. " First, a root without word class features is merged with a Property feature, the content of which is given by the root. " The Property feature is represented above as P(roperty) (x) where `x' represents the unvalued referential index. " There are two ways to check P(x): one is assigning xa value, that is an index, and the other is deleting x. Since the P(x) feature is unsaturated in the sense that it needs a referential index from either D or DP, it is a head, and as such it percolates to the dominating node. Then, another root is merged to form a compound word. As P(x) is the only unsaturated feature before and/or after the root is merged, it is percolated and it is the head of the whole compound. The present theory can account for the syntactic and semantic properties of a wide range of compounds, particularly noun-noun compounds in English, Japanese, and Mainland Scandinavian, within a syntactic theory based on minimalist assumptions.
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Chen, Yi-Chiao. "A corpus-based study of the English translation of Chinese empty words." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11142.
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This study aims to investigate the translation procedures adopted for the English translation of Chinese empty words. To begin with, the methods which translators adopt to tackle empty words are identified by examining examples in a specially-constructed parallel corpus, which includes Chinese literary texts and their English translations. Eventually, eight translation procedures (1) Match; 2) Paraphrase; 3) Shared Match; 4) Implicitation; 5) Amplification; 6) Grammatical Conveyance; 7) Borrowing; 8) Omission) and one non-procedure (Mismatch) are identified. It is noted that Grammatical Conveyance is a procedure which could be deemed as a newly-identified method. As a further step, the proportion of these procedures/non-procedure is investigated to identify the most-/least-adopted ones (Match and Amplification respectively) and to discuss category-specific ones (Shared Match and Borrowing). In addition to identifying the procedures for translating Chinese empty words into English, this research also makes contributions in the following two aspects. Firstly, this study, to my knowledge, is the first research which examines all Chinese empty words at a time to identify the ways translators tackle them. Secondly, it is known from the results that difficult-to-tackle empty words are found in the categories of Adverb and Particle. In other words, not all empty words are difficult to translate as former scholars have described.
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Weiss, Katherine. "Water, Waste, and Words in Beckett’s Plays." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2251.
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da, Silva Perez Natália. "Becoming her words : contemporary performances of texts by women from the 16th and 17th centuries." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/69472/.
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This is a study of diverse practices of representing, conducted at the intersection between historiographic and artistic practices. I follow traces left by the creative processes of artists from three different countries in their journeys to transform texts by women from the past into performances. Using an agential realist approach, my goal is to examine the productive effects of these artistic efforts, as well as the conditions under which each project took place and made sense. In Lancaster, England, The Tragedie of Euripides Called Iphigeneia, a Euripides play translated by Lady Jane Lumley in the mid 1550s, was chosen by the all-female Rose Company for their inaugural project in 2013. As part of the company's overarching effort to "redress the historical injustice by which women are sidelined, stereotyped, or forgotten," the production celebrated Lady Lumley as the author of the earliest extant dramatic work by a woman, and as the first person to translate into English an Ancient Greek play. In this case study, I focus on the company's bodily and rhetorical performances of gender, probing into the functions these have within the wider context of theatrical practice in England. In Mexico City, a very different focus guided performer and activist Jesusa Rodríguez in her work on the poem Primero Sueño. Written by the famous Baroque poet Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz and first published in 1692, this poem has long been celebrated as one of the author's masterpieces. Indeed, Rodríguez started reading it because Sor Juana wrote elsewhere that Primero Sueño was her favorite work. But it is a difficult text, and Rodríguez had trouble understanding it. That is when she decided to simply memorize the poem, as a strategy to become more familiar with it. This process continued over the course of 15 years, and eventually, she produced live and televised performances to share the poem with the public. I discuss the role of time and recursiveness in her memorizing process, especially the discovery of new meanings in the poem when she was present in different places with different people. In Paris, a 2015 production brought Madame de Villedieu's play Le Favori to the stage for the first time in 350 years. It was an initiative of Aurore Evain, a theatre director and activist for gender equality in the arts. For Evain, the history of this play is representative of the disdain which works by women have been systematically subjected to in France. She believes that part of the solution to this problem is to bring the works by women from the past to the public of today, so I look into this production as an instance where an artistic practice becomes complimentary to the historiography of women in French theatre, by attending in particular to the emergence of meaning from the relationships between women in the play.
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Middleton, Theodora Elizabeth. "Music and Compound Words." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1333671995.
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Carter, Kathryn. "A contingency of words, diaries in English by women in Canada, 1830-1915." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq22961.pdf.
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Alsharekh, Alanoud. "Angry words softly spoken : a comparative study of English and Arab women novelists." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405657.
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