Journal articles: 'Loan words in English'

1

Light, Ginni. "‘Borrowed’ English — Words on Permanent Loan." working@office 9, no. 1 (January 2008): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03249677.

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Forgue, Guy Jean. "English Loan Words in French Today." Journal of English Linguistics 19, no. 2 (October 1986): 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/007542428601900209.

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Wollman, Alfred. "Early Latin loan-words in Old English." Anglo-Saxon England 22 (December 1993): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263675100004282.

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It is a well-known fact that Old English is rich in Latin loan-words. Although the precise number is not yet known, it is a fairly safe assumption that there are at least 600 to 700 loan-words in Old English. This compares with 800 Latin loan-words borrowed in different periods in the Brittonic languages (Welsh, Cornish, Breton), and at least 500 early Latin loan-words common to the West Germanic languages. These rather vague overall numbers do not lend themselves, however, to a serious analysis of Latin influence on the Germanic and Celtic languages, because they include different periods of borrowing which are not really comparable to each other. The basis of these estimates, moreover, is often not stated very clearly. Although the establishment of a complete list of Latin loan-words in the various Germanic languages is a desideratum, it can only be achieved in a later stage of our studies.

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Kechedzhi, O. V. "AFFIXALIZATION OF LOAN WORDS (ENGLISH LANGUAGE MATTER)." Scientific notes of Taurida National V.I. Vernadsky University, series Philology. Social Communications 2, no. 1 (2020): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32838/2663-6069/2020.1-2/16.

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Opanasenko, Viktoriia. "Integration and adaptation of English loan words in the Ukrainian language." Linguistics, no. 1 (45) (2022): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2631-2021-1-45-119-127.

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The article is devoted to the study of the process of borrowing and adaptation of English loan words in the Ukrainian language. It is established that in the lexical system of the Ukrainian language foreign words make up about 10%, 70 – 80% of which are English loan words. The presence of a significant share of English loan words in the Ukrainian language is due to a number of extra- and intralinguistic factors: the development of economic, cultural and political ties; quantitative and qualitative complication of various spheres of language communication; diversity of norms of speech behavior; expansion of regulatory limits; achievements of English-speaking countries in certain fields of activity; striving for linguistic economy; the need to replenish the composition of expressive language means; the need to clarify and detail the concepts available in the language; «Americanization»; imitation of fashion. The study systematizes English loan words in the Ukrainian language and distributes them by spheres of use (sociopolitical, financial and economic, culture and art, technical, mass communication, sports, science, and education). Three stages in the process of adaptation of English loan words into the Ukrainian language are distinguished: 1) the initial stage, which is characterized by a change in the morpheme structure of English loan words; 2) in-depth, related to the selection of the same components in groups of English loan words based on the similarity of final elements and the development of new suffixes of English origin in the Ukrainian language; 3) the stage of full adaptation, which is characterized by participation of English loan words in the process of word formation through the mediation of Ukrainian language suffixes, the formation of new complex words based on English loan words and Ukrainian or previously borrowed words, as well as the consolidation of the spelling form of complex words. It is established that the inclusion of English loan words in the lexical structure of the Ukrainian language and their active use in oral and written speech leads to the formation of synonymous pairs containing proper Ukrainian counterparts.

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Kaye, Alan S. "Orthographic variation in Arabic loan words." English Today 8, no. 2 (April 1992): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078400006337.

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Khan, Tania Ali. "Morphological Integration of Urdu Loan Words in Pakistani English." English Language Teaching 13, no. 5 (April 21, 2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v13n5p49.

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Pakistani English is a variety of English language concerning Sentence structure, Morphology, Phonology, Spelling, and Vocabulary. The one semantic element, which makes the investigation of Pakistani English additionally fascinating is the Vocabulary. Pakistani English uses many loan words from Urdu language and other local dialects, which have become an integral part of Pakistani English, and the speakers don't feel odd while using these words. Numerous studies are conducted on Pakistani English Vocabulary, yet a couple manage to deal with morphology. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the morphological integration of Urdu loan words in Pakistani English. Another purpose of the study is to investigate the main reasons of this morphological integration process. The Qualitative research method is used in this study. Researcher prepares a sample list of 50 loan words for the analysis. These words are randomly chosen from the newspaper “The Dawn” since it is the most dispersed English language newspaper in Pakistan. Some words are selected from the Books and Novellas of Pakistani English fiction authors, and concise Oxford English Dictionary, 11th edition. The results show that, when the Urdu language loan words are morphologically integrated in Pakistan English, they do not change their grammatical category. Moreover, four distinguished morphological process are identified in integration of these loan words. The results also reveal that deficit hypothesis is the main reason of this lexical borrowin.

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Aor, Terfa. "Phonological Effects and Functions of English Loan-words on the Tiv Grammar." African Social Science and Humanities Journal 2, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.57040/asshj.v2i1.26.

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There is no human language that is devoid of borrowing loan-words from a parent language to its own (recipient) language. When loan-words are injected into a recipient language, there are certain phonological effects that such words have on the grammar of such a language. This paper critically discusses the phonological implications and functions of English loan-words on Tiv the grammar. The objectives of this paper are to: classify phonological implications of English loan-words on the grammar of Tiv language; discuss the implications of English loan-words on Tiv grammar; explore the phonological functions of English loan-words; and, state reasons that necessitate borrowing of loan-words. The author used primary and secondary sources. The researcher used participant-observer technique as his primary source and documentary sources were used. It has been found out that most English loan-words have no substitutes in Tiv; loan-words have expanded the vocabulary of the Tiv grammar; the original syllabic structure of most loan-words changed from close to open syllables; and epenthetic letters are added to break consonant clusters, for plurality and as a hiatus repairing strategy. It has been recommended that papers should be churned out in the areas of historical, comparative and contact linguistics. Lecturers should give assignments or project topics on phonologically related processes.

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Al-Jarf, Reima. "Arabic and English Loan Words in Bahasa: Implications for Foreign Language Pedagogy." Journal La Edusci 2, no. 4 (September 15, 2021): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallaedusci.v2i4.445.

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Many Arab students are currently pursuing their education at Malaysian institutions, and they have to study Bahasa Malaysia as a university requirement to be able to communicate with people in the local community. Therefore, this study aims to help Arab students learn Bahasa easily as Bahasa contains many loan words from Arabic and English. This article gives Arab students examples of Arabic and English loan words with which they are familiar and shows them the different phonological adaptations of Arabic and English loan words in Bahasa as the Arabic, English and Bahasa sound systems are different. A corpus of non-technical Malay words that are commonly encountered in public places in Malaysia was collected and analyzed. A contrastive analysis of Arabic and Malay, and English and Malay phonological systems was performed. Different homogenization processes are applied to Arabic and English loan words depending on the differences between Arabic and Malay, and English and Malay. Examples of Arabic loan words in Malay are: menara, Sabtu, Ahad, Akhir, tahniya. Examples of English loan words in Bahasa are: stesen, kelab, tren, kompleks, imigresen, destinasi. Further implications for learning Bahasa Malaysia by Arab students are given.

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Abu-Zahra, Majdi, and Ahmad Shayeb Shayeb. "Catering for the Audience Needs in English-Arabic Interpreting: The Case Study of Arabicized Words in Conferences." International Journal of Translation and Interpretation Studies 2, no. 1 (May 11, 2022): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijtis.2022.2.1.9.

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This research sheds light on whether Arab interpreters take into consideration the audience preferences when interpreting Arabicized words in conferences. The researchers selected four groups; three of them are students at Birzeit University majoring in the English language with a minor in translation or English language only, as well as students coming from different majors but not English language majors. Forty contextualized Arabicized words were used in a simulated conference situation, and students were asked to select either the loan words or the loan translations they preferred to hear for the Arabicized words. Five certified interpreters also participated in this study. The results showed that there were clear trends; the English language majors with a minor in translation, as well as the English language majors, opted for the loan translations, while the other students not majoring in English selected the loan words. Finally, the five interpreters supported the loan translation options. Thus, it became clear that those who major in language and or translation tend to prefer loan translation rather than loan words since they think these translations are more formal, more standard, and purer.

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Tranter, Nicolas. "The phonology of English loan-words in Korean." WORD 51, no. 3 (December 2000): 377–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2000.11432504.

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Allsopp, Jeannette. "French and Spanish loan words in Caribbean English." English Today 8, no. 1 (January 1992): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078400006064.

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Tan, Peter. "Malay loan words across different dialects of English." English Today 14, no. 4 (October 1998): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026607840001052x.

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Afitri, Delvinda, and Fuji Alamsari. "MOST ENGLISH LOAN WORDS USED IN INDONESIAN TECHNOLOGY ARTICLES." Jurnal Sora : Pernik Studi Bahasa Asing 6, no. 1 (June 26, 2022): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.58359/jurnal_sora.v6i1.77.

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Artikel ini menunjukkan jenis kata pinjaman dan perubahan makna kata bahasa Inggris di dalam artikel berbahasa Indonesia bertema teknologi dalam artikel koran Kompas edisi 1 sampai 20 Oktober 2018. Metode deskriptif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Data dikelompokkan dengan menyusun dan mengindentifikasikan jenis kata pinjaman beserta maknanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jenis kata pinjaman yang digunakan berupa loan word, loan shift, dan loan blend. Loan blend adalah jenis kata yang paling sering digunakan dalam artikel. Perubahan makna kata pinjaman adalah extension, narrowing, degeneration, and no change of meaning. Perubahan makna kata pinjaman yang paling sering muncul adalah no changes meaning.

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Dilna, Oksana. "ON STORYTELLING AND OTHER “TRIFLES”IN THE TERMINOLOGY OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE METHODOLOGY." Terminological Bulletin, no. 6 (2021): 308–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37919/2221-8807-2021-6-30.

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The article focuses on the most wide spread English loan words in the terminological systems of language and literature methodology. Attention is mainly given to those foreign words that do not meet phonetic and morphological rules of the Ukrainian language. Key reasons for popularization of the English loan words in terminology have been revealed, namely: laconicity, one meaning, expressiveness, desire to enhance authority of the speaker and his/her profession. Examples from the Internet sources show that teachers of language and literature as well as scholars actively use -ing words (сторітелінг, кардмейкінг, лепбукінг, скрайбінг, скрапбукінг, etc.). The texts illustrate sometimes in appropriate an discorrect usage of the English loan words that have not become established yet: one can often face doubts regarding spelling of the foreign words,there are lexical mistakes caused by misunderstanding of the loan word. In appropriate usage of the aforementioned English loan words is also proved by the fact that these word shave not adapted to the Ukrainian language, and therefore they often are rendered in the Ukrainian texts in the language of the original. The article offers possible variants of replacing in appropriate English loan words with proper Ukrainian language means (words and word combinations). Usage of English loan words in the speech of teachers of language and literature should be limited, as these words have unclear semantics and, consequently, the pupils may misunderstand them or miss their meaning completely. Excessive use of quasiterms, forexample, сторітелінг, кардмейкінг, лепбукінг, скрайбінг, скрапбукінг gives the text pseudoscientific character and makes it not understandable for the pupils. In this way the pupils are imposed the ideas at all the terms are loan terms, and modern sciences do not use Ukrainian, giving exclusive preference to English. Certainly, it is true that English plays an important role in the modern world, as it is the language of international communication in Europe and worldwide. However, automatic borrowing of the English words, which do not correspond to Ukrainian grammar does not enrich our language but ruins it. Each of the above mentioned English loan words can be replaced with equivalents from the already existing words and word combinations. Use of word combinations instead of one-lexeme English borrowings is not a drawback as it is important for the pupils to understand the term and its transparent semantics.

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Aor, Terfa. "Phonemic substitutions in the English-Tiv loan phonology." Journal of Languages, Linguistics and Literary Studies 1, no. 1 (July 27, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.57040/jllls.v1i1.49.

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All living languages borrows new words to enrich their own languages. Tiv language has borrowed a lot of loan words from the English language as a result of language contact. This paper analyses phonemic substitutions in the English-Tiv loan phonology. The main objectives of this study are to discuss vowel and consonant substitutions in the English-Tiv loan phonology and to state the implications of English-Tiv loan phonology in the study of the Tiv grammar. This study adopts LaCharite & Paradis’ (2005) phonological Repair Model and Calabrese Andrea’s (2009) Acoustic Approximation Model. The author used both primary and secondary sources in this study. Under primary sources, the researcher compiled the list of English-Tiv loan words through the participant-observer method, and the secondary sources were obtained from journal articles, textbooks, and dictionaries. From this study, the following observations were made: that English-Tiv loan phonology leads to coda declusterisation. Tiv phonology does not have /θ/, /ð/, /ʒ/, /ʌ/ and /ə/ phonemes; so the said phonemes are being replaced by /t/, /d/, /ʃ/, /ɔ:/ and /æ/. It has been discovered that some loan words maintain their original spellings but have different pronunciations. This paper is an advancement of scholarship on phonemic substitutions in the English-Tiv loan phonology, making it an important addition to secondary sources of data on the critical reception of English-Tiv loan words and promoting the Tiv language within and beyond the academic cycle.

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Oliinyk, Iryna, Mykola Petrovsky, Larysa Ruban, Liudmyla Shevchenko, and Yulia Sviatiuk. "French loan words in modern American fiction." Revista Amazonia Investiga 11, no. 58 (November 30, 2022): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2022.58.10.14.

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The paper deals with the origins of modern English vocabulary and shows the relevance of the influence of French on its modern state. The article makes a survey of scientific literature studying French heritage in English lexis. An overview of linguistic and historical data is provided to show the framework within which linguistic borrowing from French was made possible. A number of loanwords are mentioned that appeared under different historical circumstances. The article analyses borrowed words that kept their meaning they had in French, as well as those ones which experienced semantic transformation. The paper concentrates on the fact that frequency of English words having French roots is high enough in the novel by J. Grisham and they form a thick layer of common words. The article demonstrates, what kind of impact the change in culture-specific concepts had on the meaning of the words borrowed from French and highlights possible prospects of such kind of studies. The paper emphasizes semantic layers of loan words and shows that finance vocabulary, the vocabulary of law and politics and the vocabulary of health are closely connected with borrowings from French.

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Ralli, Angela, and Andreas Rouvalis. "Μorphological Integration of Loan Words in Kaliardá." Languages 7, no. 3 (July 1, 2022): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7030167.

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This article deals with lexical borrowing and the morphological integration of loan words in Kaliardá, a Greek-based antilanguage, spoken in the urban areas of Greece by socially marginalized communities of cross-dressers, transgender people, and gay men. It is shown that the accommodation of most loans follows the general rules of Modern Greek morphology, namely, the stem-based word formation and compulsory inflection. However, for a considerable part of the borrowed items, there are certain morphological deviances compared to loan formation in Greek. More particularly, there is an overuse of the feminine grammatical gender, assigned to -human nouns, contrary to a neuterization tendency displayed by the Greek language, while the masculine grammatical gender is scarcely employed, and a significant number of feminine loans end in -o and -u in the citation form. Verbal loans do not substantially differ from those in Greek, with the exception of the frequent use of verbal periphrastic formations, consisting of an auxiliary inflected verb type, avélo or vuélo (both loans themselves), and a nominal item. Sometimes, avélo is also employed as a mediator for the integration of English verbs. The data under examination are drawn from a Kaliardá dictionary. Their accuracy is checked with 10 Kaliardá speakers in 2 big Greek cities, Athens and Patras, and they are enriched by a small oral corpus of 32 words collected through interviews. The investigated data comprise items from Italian, French and English, three principal donor languages in Kaliardá, but there are also loans from other languages, mainly from Romani and Turkish, but also from Albanian, German and Spanish.

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Muslihah, Muslihah. "PROSES PENYERAPAN KATA BAHASA INGGRIS KE DALAM BAHASA JEPANG: (KAJIAN FONOLOGI GENERATIF TRANSFORMASIONAL)." IZUMI 7, no. 2 (December 5, 2018): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/izumi.7.2.73-83.

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(Title: The Analysis of Loan Words of English Language Transformed into Japanese Language (Study of Generative Transformational Phonological) The aims of this research are to explain the phonological processes and phonological rule in loan words of English language into Japanese language through generative phonological studies. This research used qualitative descriptive method. The research data are taken from Japanese dictionary loan words. The result shows eight phonological processes and phonological rules in the process of transformation English language to Japanese. (1) the process of adding segment /u/ at the end of the words (2) segment additions /o/ at the end of the words (3) segment additions /u/ in the middle of words (4) segment additions /o/ in the middle of words (5) substitution of phoneme /l/ to /r/, (6) substitution of phoneme /v/ to /b/, (7) segment additions /i/, (8) substitution of phoneme /t/ to /c/. The transformation of phonological processes on the loan words of English language into Japanese language affected by the internal factor.

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Hu Peipei. "THE VARIANTS OF THE ENGLISH LOAN WORDS IN CHINESE." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 8, no. 4 (2017): 864–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2017-8-4-864-872.

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Malischewski, Elizabeth-Anne. "Kāi Fàng: Loan words to the Middle Kingdom." English Today 3, no. 4 (October 1987): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026607840000314x.

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ELIZABETH-ANNE MALISCHEWSKI describes how, through transliteration and adaptation, English words have been adopted into Chinese. The term KĀI FÀNG, whose characters are shown above, means ‘open-free’ and is used for Deng Xiao-ping's ‘open-door policy’.

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Robinson, Ian. "Genre and loans: English words in an Italian newspaper." English Today 22, no. 4 (October 2006): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078406004032.

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‘Botti vietati agli under 14,’ La Repubblica, 29 Dec 03. The aim of this work is to examine the use of English loan words in a specific genre of language: parts of an Italian newspaper. In essence, it looks at how English is encroaching on one among many languages – and occurring in their texts. The key question is: ‘In a specific context, what are loanwords?’, in terms of which we will consider genre as it is exemplified in newspapers, following which there is an analysis of loan words used in the different sections of an Italian newspaper

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Behera, Arun K. "An Etymological Analysis of English Words." Cross-Currents: An International Peer-Reviewed Journal on Humanities & Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (May 27, 2015): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36344/ccijhss.2015.v01i01.006.

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This paper attempts to describe loan words in English and etymology of English words. 'Etymology' as defined by Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics (2010) is the study of the origin of words, historical perspectives, and modification in the meanings of these words. The etymological analysis of the words helps one recognize that words originate through a limited number of fundamental parameters such as borrowing the words from other languages; formation of words such as derivation and compounding; and onomatopoeia and sound symbolism. Of course, the English vocabulary consists of two types: the native and borrowed words. Interestingly, the number of borrowed words from different languages and sources is greater than the collection of native words.

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Behera, Arun K. "An Etymological Analysis of English Words." Cross-Currents: An International Peer-Reviewed Journal on Humanities & Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (May 27, 2015): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36344/ccijhss.2015.v01i01.006.

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This paper attempts to describe loan words in English and etymology of English words. 'Etymology' as defined by Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics (2010) is the study of the origin of words, historical perspectives, and modification in the meanings of these words. The etymological analysis of the words helps one recognize that words originate through a limited number of fundamental parameters such as borrowing the words from other languages; formation of words such as derivation and compounding; and onomatopoeia and sound symbolism. Of course, the English vocabulary consists of two types: the native and borrowed words. Interestingly, the number of borrowed words from different languages and sources is greater than the collection of native words.

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Avezimbetova, A., and U. Kaljanova. "Background of borrowed words in the english language and their translation." Ренессанс в парадигме новаций образования и технологий в XXI веке, no. 1 (May 30, 2022): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.47689/innovations-in-edu-vol-iss1-pp63-64.

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In linguistics, a calque or loan translation is a word or phrase borrowed from another language by literal, word-for-word or root-for-root translation. Used as a verb, "to calque" means to borrow a word or phrase from another language while translating its components so as to create a new lexeme in the target language. "Calque" itself is a loan word from a French noun, and derives from the verb "calquer" (to trace, to copy). Loan translation is itself a calque of the German "Lehnubersetzung". Proving a word is a calque sometimes requires more documentation than an untranslated loan word, since in some cases a similar phrase might have arisen in both languages independently. This is less likely to be the case when the grammar of the proposed calque is quite different from that of the language proposed to be borrowing, or the calque contains less obvious imagery.

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CHENGGANG, ZHOU, and JIANG YAJUN. "Wailaici and English borrowings in Chinese." English Today 20, no. 3 (July 2004): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078404003086.

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We read with interest Hongyuan Wang's article ‘Loans to the Middle Kingdom revisited’ (ET77 Jan 04). This is a response to, and continuation of, Elizabeth Malischewski's 1987 article ‘Loan words to the Middle Kingdom’ in ET12, the author expresses the hope that this description ‘might serve as a useful addition to’ it (Wang 2004:47). We are as delighted to see the topic revisited after sixteen years as the editor, who states that Wang's article is ‘a valued addition to our series on English, China, China English, and Chinglish, and to Malischewski's original piece’ (McArthur 2004:2). However, we found that quite a number of words listed in the article are not loanwords, because of misunderstandings regarding loan word and loan translation in English and wailaici and wailaiyu, equivalents of loanword in a broader sense in Chinese, as a result of which his classification of the borrowings is confusing. The article has also tended to over-simplify the complex situation of such borrowings in Chinese and as such is misleading. We would like in this paper to clarify some of the misunderstandings and offer a brief introduction to the study of English borrowings in Chinese, a field which began c.1913 with the publication of Evan Morgan's Chinese New Terms & Expressions in Shanghai.

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Bergh, Gunnar, and Sölve Ohlander. "Loan translations versus direct loans: The impact of English on European football lexis." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 40, no. 1 (April 20, 2017): 5–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586517000014.

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Football language may be regarded as the world's most widespread special language, where English has played a key role. The focus of the present study is the influence of English football vocabulary in the form of loan translations, contrasted with direct loans, as manifested in 16 European languages from different language families (Germanic, Romance, Slavic, etc.). Drawing on a set of 25 English football words (match, corner, dribble, offside, etc.), the investigation shows that there is a great deal of variation between the languages studied. For example, Icelandic shows the largest number of loan translations, while direct loans are most numerous in Norwegian; overall, combining direct loans and loan translations, Finnish displays the lowest number of English loans. The tendencies noted are discussed, offering some tentative explanations of the results, where both linguistic and sociolinguistic factors, such as language similarity and attitudes to borrowing, are considered.

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Bosnar-Valkovic, Brigita. "INTEGRATION AND ADAPTATION OF ANGLICISMS IN GERMAN TEXTS IN THE FIELD OF HOTEL AND TOURISM INDUSTRY." Tourism and hospitality management 11, no. 2 (December 2005): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.11.2.16.

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The paper discusses the integration and adaptation of loan words from the English language into German. The analysis was performed on a sample of loan words from the English language taken from German journals from the fields of tourism and hotel industry. English loan words appear frequently, and their occurences were classified and analyzed at the levels of morphology and syntax. A matter of concern is the deviation from the German standard in the deep linguistic code resulting with deregulation and classification of German as an endangered idiom, so that the need for cooperation between field and language specialists is stressed in order to avoid unnecessary and uncritical linguistic borrowing with far-reaching effects.

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Shaw, Marlieke, and Hendrik De Smet. "Predicative and markedness bias in loan adjectives." Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 123, no. 2 (December 23, 2022): 6–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.51814/nm.114021.

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Previous research on loan word accommodation has shown that English‑origin verbs in Present‑day Dutch and French‑origin verbs in Late Middle English are subject to usage biases. In both language‑contact settings, loan verbs are disproportionally frequent in non‑finite and morphologically unmarked forms as compared to native verbs. The present study demonstrates that accommodation biases are also found in loan adjectives. Concretely, loan adjectives are more prevalent in predicative than in attributive syntactic position as compared to native adjectives (predicative bias), and they are more prevalent in uninflected than in inflected forms (markedness bias). The predicative bias is found to rank stronger than the markedness bias, which is consistent with the findings for verbs. Additionally, biases are more pronounced in the French‑Middle English than in the English‑Dutch contact setting. The findings indicate that direct insertion of loan-words, despite being the cross-linguistically most frequent strategy for loan word integration, is not free of obstacles, possibly due to processing costs specifically associated with loan words.

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Mungalova, Tamara, and Irina Fedotova. "Military Loan Words in the English Language: A Diachronic Aspect." Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series "Humanitarian and Social Sciences", no. 3 (June 20, 2018): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17238/issn2227-6564.2018.3.106.

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Kang, Min-Soon. "How Notating Loan Words in Korean Can Affect English Pronunciation." Journal of Next-generation Convergence Technology Association 6, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 1708–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33097/jncta.2022.06.09.1708.

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Kotsova, E. E. "SEMANTIC ADAPTATION OF ENGLISH LOAN WORDS-AGNONYMS IN RUSSIAN LEXIS." Voprosy Kognitivnoy Lingvistiki, no. 2 (2019): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20916/1812-3228-2019-2-139-146.

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Nam, Ji Young, and Bruce Southard. "Orthographic Representation and Resyllabification of English Loan Words in Korean." Language and Speech 37, no. 3 (July 1994): 259–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002383099403700304.

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COLEMAN, JULIE. "THE CHRONOLOGY OF FRENCH AND LATIN LOAN WORDS IN ENGLISH." Transactions of the Philological Society 93, no. 2 (November 1995): 95–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-968x.1995.tb00437.x.

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Supeni, Sri, and Anna Fauziah. "ENGLISH LOAN WORDS ON INDONESIAN HEALTH ARTICLES IN ONLINE NEWS PAGES." Journal of English Language and Literature (JELL) 3, no. 02 (August 28, 2018): 20–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37110/jell.v3i02.54.

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This study focuses on the process of English words which are loaned or borrowed into Indonesian language and are used on Indonesian health articles in online news pages such as detik.com, kompas.com and viva.com. The data are analyzed based on the four word forms namely noun, verb, adjective and adverb. Besides, they are also analyzed based on either the morphological process or phonological process. The study applies the descriptive qualitative method applying the content analysis technique. The findings of the research show that there are 606 loan words. Based on word form category there are 425 words (70.13 %) as noun, adjective with 96 words (15.84%), verb with 82 words (13.50%) adverb with only 3 words (0.49%). For morphological process, it can be categorized in some various processes, they are affixation with several prefixes and suffixes. In addition, there are some words with reduplication as many as 7 words (6.14%) and abbrevation process, they are 13 words (11.40%). Phonological process occurs into several parts, they are adoption, translation and adaptation. For adoption, there are 395 words (65.18%), adaptation with 166 words (27.39%) and translation with 45 words (7.42%).

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Dolecka, Maria. "Adaptacja i rozwój semantyczny anglicyzmów w języku niemieckim (na podstawie ofert pracy w ogłoszeniach "Süddeutsche Zeitung")." Białostockie Archiwum Językowe, no. 4 (2004): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/baj.2004.04.02.

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This article presents adaptation and semantic development of English loan words registred in job advertisments in Süddeutsche Zeitung. The semantic adaptation depends not only on transfer of English meanings into German. In the process of borrowing there are different changes depending on elimination of multiple meanings of polysemous words, expansion and narrowing of meanings, change of emotional tinge and introduction of metaphorical meaning. Sometimes in German originates additional sense, not present in English. It may happen, that from one meaning of a word are chosen only some elements, consequently borrowed meanings have only a loose connection with the original sense. Thanks to good documentation of history of English loan words it can be stated, that many contemporarily used English words have been a part of German lexicon for a long time .

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Galstyan, Anahit. "Conversion in the Process of Assimilation of Loan-Words." Armenian Folia Anglistika 2, no. 1-2 (2) (October 16, 2006): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2006.2.1-2.051.

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Conversion is one of the most productive means of word-formation which has immensely contributed to the morphological assimilation of the words borrowed from French. On the other hand, conversion is the result of the assimilation of the loan-words form French and from other languages. As a result of the semantic, phonetic, morphological assimilation of the loan-words, Modern English abounds in the so-called converted pairs and converted triples which are viewed as false conversions.

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Abdurrahim, Abdurrahim, and Syahrir Jalil. "Phonological replacement of loan words used in Indonesian." Journal of Applied Studies in Language 4, no. 2 (December 6, 2020): 160–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/jasl.v4i2.2061.

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The aim of the study was to identify the phonological replacement of foreign words (primarily English words) adopted to Indonesian. The method used was descriptive that was to describe how the foreign words change after being adopted into Indonesian and how the phonemes in them change. By adopting a linguistic approach with simple descriptive analysis, the study was successful to analyze many adopted words. The findings of the study indicated that in the process of word adoption some phonemes underwent phonological replacement and some are constant. There are about twenty-six replacements that are successful to reveal, and these replacements are established as formulas (Formulas of phonological replacement).

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Pierce, Marc. "Modern English key and the Problem of Loan Words in Germanic." Historical Linguistics 122, no. 1 (November 2009): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/hisp.2009.122.1.305.

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Rabeno, Angela, and Lori Repetti. "Gender Assignment of English Loan Words in American Varieties of Italian." American Speech 72, no. 4 (1997): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/455494.

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Sankoff, David, Shana Poplack, and Swathi Vanniarajan. "The case of the nonce loan in Tamil." Language Variation and Change 2, no. 1 (March 1990): 71–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394500000272.

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ABSTRACTNonce borrowings in the speech of bilinguals differ from established loanwords in that they are not necessarily recurrent, widespread, or recognized by host language monolinguals. With established loanwords, however, they share the characteristics of morphological and syntactic integration into the host language and consist of single content words or compounds. Furthermore, both types of loanwords differ from intrasentential code-switching — alternate sentence fragments in the two languages, each of which is grammatical by monolingual standards from the standpoints of appropriate function words, morphology, and syntax. In a large corpus of Tamil—English bilingual speech, many words of English origin are found in objects governed by Tamil verbs and vice versa. The equivalence constraint on intrasentential code-switching predicts that no code-switch should occur between verb and object in an SOV/SVO bilingual situation, and hence that objects whose language differs from that of the verb must be borrowed, if only for the nonce. To verify this prediction, we compare quantitatively the distribution across various syntactic contexts of both native Tamil and English—origin complements of Tamil verbs, and find them to be parallel. But the strongest evidence in favor of the nonce borrowing hypothesis comes from an analysis of variable accusative and dative case marking in these complements, in which the English-origin material is shown, morphologically and syntactically, to be virtually indistinguishable from Tamil (nonpronominal) nouns. In addition, we present supporting evidence from the genitive, locative, and other cases and from nonce borrowings from Tamil into these speakers' English.

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WANG, HONGYUAN. "Loans from the Middle Kingdom revisited." English Today 20, no. 1 (January 2004): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078404001075.

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RECENTLY I went over the back numbers of English Today and re-read the article Kāi Fàng: Loan words to the Middle Kingdom, in the issue of October 1987, in which Elizabeth-Anne Malischewski describes how, through transliteration and adaptation, English words have been adopted into Chinese. This article attracted and kept my attention, for I have a great interest in English borrowings in Chinese.

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Morshed, Sarwar. "English Reduplicative Loans in Bangla." PAROLE: Journal of Linguistics and Education 9, no. 2 (October 28, 2019): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/parole.v9i2.117-123.

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This small-scale exploratory study attempts to trace and taxonomize English reduplicative loans used in Bangla. Reduplicatives are the products of the morphological process known as ‘reduplication’ i.e. doubling of a word, stem or root. For example, ‘ha ha’, ‘dilly dally’, ‘hocus pocus’ etc. Though reduplication interfaces with both phonology and morphology, it is customarily included in the latter component of linguistics. The prime purpose of this paper is to detect and classify the morphological products in the form of reduplicative loans to Bangla from the English language. For the detection of loan reduplicatives, lexicographic works have been consulted. Social media sites have also contributed to the corpus on which this research is based. Our corpus reveals that Bangla has two types of English-based reduplicative loans – unchanged and changed. The unchanged category includes onomatopoeic and baby-talk reduplicatives. The members of the changed category, on the other hand, undergo different morphological modifications. One visible feature of the changed reduplicatives is that they are not borrowed as direct reduplicatives – initially they are borrowed as a single lexical item and then reduplication is carried out following the morphological rules of Bangla. Numerically speaking, the changed reduplicatives far outnumber the unchanged reduplicatives. There are a few English-based reduplicative loans that have been assimilated into the fabric of Bangla language – these few words are so strongly Banglicized that their English identity is unrecognizable without the help of etymological dictionaries. Apart from this fully integrated small category, there exists another class of loan reduplicatives that has effaced some full, unalloyed, internally sourceable reduplicatives. These guest reduplicatives along with their host peers and pair members have been instrumental in seasoning, salting and peppering Bangla.

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Ma'shumah, Nadia Khumairo, and Sajarwa Sajarwa. "The Resistance of Javanese and Sundanese Cultural Identities in Indonesian Magical-Realism Novel into English." Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya 12, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/lensa.12.1.2022.66-84.

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Identity is also at the core of the translation project. Thus, the translator's role as a mediator between different languages and cultures cannot be isolated from efforts to harmonize the building of identity and cultural knowledge. This study investigates how the translator preserves the source text's cultural identity in the target text, based on evidence that the translation process is likewise a cultural transfer. The frameworks for this study were Venuti's idea of "resistancy", Newmark's cultural terms categorizations, Baker's techniques for specific-culture items, and Newmark's transposition procedure. The material objects of this research were the Indonesian magical-realism novel 'Cantik Itu Luka' and its English translation ‘Beauty is A Wound’. By employing descriptive-qualitative approach, a thorough investigation of this study revealed that the translator tends to challenge the target readers’ knowledge by preserving the source text's identity in the target text. To do so, the translator frequently uses loan words and the application of blended strategies, such as loan words with superordinate (a more general word), loan words with explanation (couplets), and loan words with transposition and explanation strategies (triplets).

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Valerian, Eldi. "The Strategies of Translation of Bahasa Indonesia-English in Two Indonesia Tourism Websites." K@ta Kita 9, no. 2 (October 23, 2021): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/katakita.9.2.136-143.

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This study discusses the use of translation strategies in translating Indonesian culture-bound words in two Indonesia tourism website articles. By using a descriptive qualitative analysis method, the translation strategies found in the Indonesian culture-bound words were observed using the theory from Mona Baker (2018). The rank of the most dominant strategies, from the most frequent to the least, used by both translator teams of Wonderful Indonesia and Enjoy Jakarta are loan word with an explanation, word-for-word, cultural substitution, and general word. In the Indonesia culture-bound translation, the most strategy used the culture-bound words is loan word strategy. It is better because instead of translating the Indonesia culture-bound word, the writer keep the culture-bound word in the english version and explain the meaning of the culture-bound word from explaining the history or the ingredients behind the culture-bound words so the international tourists can know the meaning behind the Indonesia culture-bound words without changing the names. In conclusion, both translator teams mostly used loan word strategy as their main strategy in the English translation, but still used other strategy in certain Indonesia culture-bound words.Keywords: translation, translation strategies, culture-bound words

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Anggraeni, Dwinesa. "English Borrowing Words in Indonesian Informatics Engineering Articles: Types and Meanings." Deiksis 13, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/deiksis.v13i2.7629.

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The development of science and technology affects the language field. The main influence of this development is the appearance of a lot of new vocabulary related to science and technology matter. It can’t be ignored that English is widely spread and used in describing things for example in social media, electronic stuff, e-commerce, aviation, the science and technology field, etc. As the result, some English vocabulary has been borrowed to explain things that there is no suitable or provided word in Indonesian. Borrowing words can cause the problems such as spelling and pronouncing whether in Indonesian or English. Some English words have been taken to the Indonesian dictionary by following EYD. However, people may tend to know the English version of borrowing words rather than the Indonesian (EYD) especially the IT people. But, they might don’t know that there is a possibility of a shift in the meaning. To figure out this problem, this research aims to know (1) the English borrowing words and their meanings in some Indonesian informatics engineering articles (2) the types of English borrowing words used in some Indonesian informatics engineering articles. The researcher uses a qualitative descriptive method in doing the research. From the result, it’s found that 20% and 35% loanword from 1st and 2nd journal, loan blend 80% and 65%. Then, its 0% for loan shift. Keywords: Borrowing Words, English Word, Informatics Engineering Articles

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Dashti, Abdulmohsen A., and Fatimah Dashti. "Morphological Adaptation of English Loanwords in Twitter: Educational Implications." International Journal of Higher Education 6, no. 3 (June 23, 2017): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v6n3p231.

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The influx of English borrowed items into Kuwait has recently considerably increased, driven by both linguistic and extra-linguistic factors, mainly through new electronic media, and direct contact with the donor language. Kuwaitis, especially, the new generation heavily make use of English loanwords in mobile devices applications such as Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, Snapchat, and others. It is significant to note that a recipient language (in this case KA) discloses different morphological and phonological features that affect loan words. This paper investigates the morphological adaptation of English loanwords as used by Kuwaitis in twitter. Results indicate that Kuwaitis heavily use and adapt loan words morphologically in twitter and in everyday speech. Significant educational implications were collected as well from interviewing 50 students.

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Sabir, Paiman Hama Salih. "Borrowing, the Outcome of Language Contact." Journal of University of Human Development 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2016): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v2n1y2016.pp456-464.

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This study which entitles “Borrowing, the Outcome of Language Contact” tackles one aspect of the current sociolinguistic phenomenon, which borrowing words by Kurdish speakers as the result of language contact. Due to the development of technology, globalization, and easiness of transportation among different countries, languages come into contact, as the result words are borrowed from one language to another and especially from the donor language to the recipient one. Since Kurdish language (as one of the world languages) is also been affected by the new trend of language contact, accordingly many words have been borrowed into all aspects of life. For this purpose, the researcher tries to define borrowing or loan words, classify them depending on literature and identifies the major factors on borrowing words, finally, the researcher presents a number of tables within which she represents a vast number of borrowed words from English, adapted from a study that she has done on English loan words used by Kurdish people at visual media.

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Ryzhenkova, A. A. "English Loan Words Associated with Motherhood and Childhood in the Russian Language." Университетский научный журнал, no. 46 (2019): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25807/pbh.22225064.2019.46.66.73.

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Zhukauskene, Tatyana S., and Ivan S. Kholdaenko. "LOAN WORDS IN CHINESE: THE INFLUENCE OF ENGLISH IN CONDITIONS OF GLOBALISATION." Tekst. Kniga. Knigoizdanie, no. 8(1) (June 1, 2015): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/23062061/8/3.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Loan words in English'

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