Academic literature on the topic 'Lobster sector'

The present study analyses the diversity and community structure of the lobsters captured using bottom trawl shrimp nets at depths of 41 to 626 m during fishery prospection cruises conducted between 1996 and 1998. The study area encompasses the coasts of the Brazilian states of Amapá and Pará, which were divided into two sectors, to the north and to south of Cape North. The 44 lobster specimens identified belonged to nine species: Acanthacaris caeca (A. Milne-Edwards, 1881), Nephropsis aculeata Smith, 1881, Nephropsis rosea Bate, 1888, Palinustus truncatus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804), Parribacus antarcticus (Lund, 1793), Polycheles typhlops Heller, 1862, Scyllarides delfosi Holthuis, 1960 and Stereomastis sculpta (Smith, 1880). The specimens were captured preferentially on muddy sand substrates in the northern sector and gravelly and muddy sand in the southern sector. All species were more common in the northern sector during the dry season (June-November), and in the southern sector in the rainy season (December-May).

Paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) are found in the hepatopancreas of Southern Rock Lobster Jasus edwardsii from the east coast of Tasmania in association with blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella. Tasmania’s rock lobster fishery is one of the state’s most important wild capture fisheries, supporting a significant commercial industry (AUD 97M) and recreational fishing sector. A comprehensive 8 years of field data collected across multiple sites has allowed continued improvements to the risk management program protecting public health and market access for the Tasmanian lobster fishery. High variability was seen in toxin levels between individuals, sites, months, and years. The highest risk sites were those on the central east coast, with July to January identified as the most at-risk months. Relatively high uptake rates were observed (exponential rate of 2% per day), similar to filter-feeding mussels, and meant that lobster accumulated toxins quickly. Similarly, lobsters were relatively fast detoxifiers, losing up to 3% PST per day, following bloom demise. Mussel sentinel lines were effective in indicating a risk of elevated PST in lobster hepatopancreas, with annual baseline monitoring costing approximately 0.06% of the industry value. In addition, it was determined that if the mean hepatopancreas PST levels in five individual lobsters from a site were <0.22 mg STX equiv. kg−1, there is a 97.5% probability that any lobster from that site would be below the bivalve maximum level of 0.8 mg STX equiv. kg−1. The combination of using a sentinel species to identify risk areas and sampling five individual lobsters at a particular site, provides a cost-effective strategy for managing PST risk in the Tasmanian commercial lobster fishery.

Studies of larval lobster (Homarus americanus) distribution off southwestern Nova Scotia during the summers of 1977 and 1978, were used to estimate an average larval recruitment or production of 1918 and 5284 stage IV lobsters per square kilometre per year inshore and offshore, respectively. Results indicate that the offshore may contribute up to 97% of the larval recruits for the entire southwestern Nova Scotia region. Current patterns and velocities of 3–16 cm∙s−1 were estimated from surface drifter returns within the Gulf of Maine. Limits of larval dispersion are estimated from surface currents in the region and the physiological and ecological traits of the larval lobster. Offshore lobsters could make an important contribution to recruitment not only off southwestern Nova Scotia but in the entire eastern sector of the Gulf of Maine to Casco Bay. Larval dispersal provides another line of evidence that the Gulf of Maine area represents one lobster recruitment center. Our results are consistent with the idea that ontogenic seasonal migration of female lobsters has evolved to locate planktotrophic larvae in warmer shoal areas where growth and survival is optimal and from which ocean currents subsequently disperse a large portion of these larvae to settle over highly productive juvenile grounds.

Kabupaten Simeulue sebagai daerah kepulauan memiliki potensi perikanan yang cukup besar namun pemanfaatannya masih tergolong rendah. Kontribusi sektor perikanan terhadap PDRB Kabupaten Simeulue hanya mencapai 2,20 persen selama tujuh tahun terakhir meskipun dari sisi nilai laju pertumbuhan naik secara signifikan (19,12 %). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan rantai pasok lobster di Kabupaten Simeulue yang meliputi interaksi sosial ekonomi dan kontribusi antar pelaku usaha yang terlibat. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara terhadap pelaku usaha yang terlibat serta Badan Karantina Ikan, Pengendalian Mutu, dan Keamanan Hasil Perikanan (BKIPMKHP) Wilayah Kerja Simeulue. Data hasil wawancara dilengkapi hasil observasi dan dokumentasi, selanjutnya diolah dan disajikan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rantai pasok lobster terdiri dari nelayan/ pembudidaya (100%) → supplier (100%) → eksportir (90%) dan konsumen lokal (10%) → konsumen luar negeri (100%) serta terdiri dari tujuh pemetaan dalam manajemen rantai pasok. Permasalahan yang terjadi adalah makin menurunnya volume lobster yang di pasok, adanya monopoli harga oleh eksportir, aksesilibitas pasar yang terbatas pada produsen, penerapan teknologi (penyimpanan dan pengiriman) hanya pada eksportir, dan belum adanya kelembagaan keuangan formal yang menjamin harga lobster lebih tinggi. Manajemen rantai pasok lobster dapat menjadi bahan kebijakan untuk pemerintah daerah Kabupaten Simeulue dalam peningkatan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan nelayan maupun pembudidaya lobster. (Analysis of Lobster Supply Chain Management (Case Study in Simeulue District, Aceh))Simeulue islands have a large fisheries potential, but its use is still relatively low. Contribution of the fisheries sector to Simeulue’s GDP only reached 2.20 per cent over the last seven years despite of the value of the growth rate increased significantly (19.12%). The aim of this studi is to map lobster supply chain in Simeulue Island which includes economic and social interaction among business actors involved. Data collected through interviews with businesses and Agency for fish quarantine, quality control and safety of fish product work area in Simeulue District. Interviewed data are compounded by the results of observation and documentation. Data were processed and presented descriptively. Results of the study showed that the supply chain lobster consists of: fishers/farmers (100%) → supplier (100%) → exporters (90%) and local consumers (10%) → consumers abroad (100%) and consists of seven mapping in management supply chain. The problem that occurs is decreasing of volume supplied lobster, pricing monopoly by exporters, limited market accessibility by producer, application of technology (storage and delivery) only on exporters, and financial institution that guarantees higher lobster prices are not available. Lobster supply chain management can be a policy concern for the local government district of Simeulue in increasing the income and prosperity lobster fishers and farmers.

AbstractFrom plankton samples collected during two oceanographic expeditions in the southern Gulf of Mexico (1991) and five in the Mexican Caribbean Sea, we studied the composition, abundance, and distribution of the phyllosoma larvae. A total of 118 phyllosomas belonging to five species of lobster were recorded. Panulirus argus was the most abundant and dominant, it represented 73.9% of the total number of phyllosomas collected, followed by Scyllarides aequinoctialis (18.0%). The phyllosomas were distributed mainly in the coastal areas, with decreasing densities oceanwards. Highest larval concentrations were recorded near the outer border of the Campeche Bank shelf in the southern Gulf of Mexico. In the Mexican Caribbean area, phyllosomas were most abundant around Banco Chinchorro, off Espiritu Santo Bay and Ascension Bay, and near Isla Mujeres; these are well-known spawning areas for the spiny lobster, P. argus and are indicated by the presence of the earliest larval stages. The oldest larvae were concentrated on the Campeche Bank; this was attributed to the effect of a local gyre that retains these larvae. The youngest phyllosomas tended to have an oceanic distribution thus allowing them to enter the oceanic system of mesoscale gyres of the Gulf. In the Mexican Caribbean the coastal shoreward currents seem to act as a retention system for lobster larvae. The distribution of the phyllosoma stages in the Caribbean area suggests a continuous presence of different stages year-round. Some of these larvae, in the northeastern sector, would likely be transported to the Campeche Bank.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to compare physiological development of Heliconia bihai cv. Lobster Claw Two plants derived from in vitro culture of zygotic embryos and conventional propagation. Heliconias obtained from rhizomes and from in vitro multiplication were evaluated every 30 days during ten months under greenhouse conditions. The experimental design was completely randomized, with ten repetitions, and the 2x10 factorial arrangement consisted of two plant multiplication methods and ten evaluations performed at different times. The analyzed biometric parameters were plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, leaf area, and color intensity in the bracts. Plants derived from in vitro culture showed significant differences in the development of the evaluated physiological parameters in comparison to plants derived from rhizomes, and they also showed early flowering. Although the in vitro cultured plants were derived from zygotic embryos, no morphological changes were found in the vegetative and reproductive parts (inflorescence) of the plants or in the colorimetry. It shows that the in vitro cultures of zygotic embryos may be used as a technique to produce seedlings on a large-scale, thus allowing the floriculture sector to grow in the region and all over the country.

The annual exploitation rate of the limited-entry rock lobster fishery of Western Australia is controlled by constraining the total allowable effort. An important aspect of the harvest strategy introduced in 1993 was the use of annual levels of allowed fishing effort that could be varied in accordance with predicted levels of recruitment to the fishery in order to increase the abundance of spawning females and to reduce the variability in the level of annual catch. A model was needed that could examine the impact of alternative management strategies on the catches both within and between fishing seasons. The model that has been developed uses a delay-difference structure in which the fishing season is divided into two periods. Growth between the periods, and over the closed fishing season, is determined from tagging data. Recruitment is estimated from the observed levels of puerulus settlement. The model has been fitted to the observed effort within the southern sector of the fishery. This model allows the evaluation of alternative levels of fishing effort within the management zone, providing managers and industry with a tool to explore alternative harvest strategies.

Abstract Lakes, rivers and oceans provide unique resources and support fisheries and aquaculture worldwide. The fisheries and aquaculture sector of Kenya contributes approximately 0.8% to the country’s GDP. Marine production is about 9 000 tonnes per year. Marine finfish form the bulk of the marine production, while shellfish (e.g. prawns, lobsters and crabs), molluscs (e.g. octopi and squids) are underexploited. The Fishery sector has the potential of about USD 5 billion for the Blue Economy in Kenya. Crab fishery in Kenya is active in some areas of the south and north coast. The crab resources along the Kenyan waters are diverse and a variety of species are edible. The most commonly fished crab by artisanal fishers is the Mangrove Mud Crab Scylla serrata. Semi-commercial and industrial fishers usually have portunid and other deep sea crabs as by-catch in trawl and longline fisheries, which in many cases are unutilized. Exports of live crabs have increased over the years, with exports mainly to Asian countries. Export of frozen crabs started recently. The need to sustainably utilize lake, river and ocean resources is recognized and important in promoting Blue Economy. Sustainable development of crab fishery provides a potential area for the Blue Economy development in Kenya. Research is essential to crab fishery development.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
A formulaÃÃo de polÃticas pÃblicas para o ordenamento da pesca da lagosta à papel do Governo Federal, visando compatibilizar interesses diversos na cadeia produtiva da lagosta. Esta Tese de Doutorado apresenta um estudo sobre a pesca de lagostas no Estado do CearÃ, Brasil, uma atividade tradicional desde meados dos anos de 1950, e que representa um importante produto pesqueiro de exportaÃÃo do Brasil, motivado pela escassez de informaÃÃes sobre pesquisa, estatÃstica, monitoramento e avaliaÃÃo. A situaÃÃo histÃrica do setor pesqueiro cearense apresentou alteraÃÃes mÃnimas na frota, nos tipos de embarcaÃÃes, nos aparelhos e mÃtodos de Pesca, assim como nas espÃcies capturadas. Houve um crescimento no contingente de pescadores de lagosta e do seguro-desemprego como benefÃcio social. Foram identificadas algumas lacunas existentes desde a concepÃÃo à aplicaÃÃo de parte da legislaÃÃo que envolve a lagosta, seja na identificaÃÃo de Ãreas de criadouros protegidas, no uso do tamanho das malhas e na alteraÃÃo no coeficiente de entralhe das malhas. Para otimizar o processo de comercializaÃÃo e posterior anÃlise de biologia pesqueira, foi proposta uma padronizaÃÃo internacional para classificaÃÃo da lagosta inteira relacionada ao crescimento coerente das gramaturas e dos tipos. Foram discutidos os vÃrios sistemas de bancos de dados existentes e empregadas por diversos ÃrgÃos no paÃs. No entanto, nÃo foi verificada a integraÃÃo necessÃria para agilizar os procedimentos de monitoramento e avaliaÃÃo, dificultando sobremaneira o processo de gestÃo das polÃticas pÃblicas. Os bancos de dados de embarcaÃÃes pesqueiras presentes nos mais diversos ÃrgÃos - Sisemb/DPC, MPA, SINE, MTE - deveriam se tornar Ãnico e com leitura biomÃtrica do proprietÃrio da tripulaÃÃo, evitando perda de tempo tanto para os usuÃrios, quanto para funcionÃrios pÃblicos que alimentam e atualizam diversas informaÃÃes anualmente. AlÃm disso, recomendaÃÃes ou sugestÃes foram apresentadas para a continuidade e o aprofundamento de temas para o desenvolvimento de futuros estudos empregados na gestÃo da cadeia produtiva da lagosta, ao identificar lacunas e Ãbices que impedem a implantaÃÃo, o monitoramento e a avaliaÃÃo da polÃtica de desenvolvimento da pesca de lagosta por ÃrgÃos pÃblicos. Os 21 cursos de graduaÃÃo em Engenharia de Pesca existentes no Brasil em 2013 e os tecnolÃgicos em Pesca & Aquicultura poderiam contribuir com sua infraestrutura, corpo discente e docente necessÃrios para atingir algumas metas do MPA, como estatÃstica e extensÃes pesqueiras.
The role of public policies application for the development of lobster fishing is from the Federal Brazilian Government, aiming to reconcile various interests in the productive chain of the lobster fisheries. This D.Sc. thesis presents a study about lobster fishing in the State of CearÃ, Northeast region of Brazil, a traditional activity since the mid of the 1950 ́s, and represents an important fishing product of Brazil's exportation, driven by the lack of information on research, statistics, monitoring and evaluation. The history of the fishing in Cearà has shown minimal changes in the fleet, the types of vessels, the equipment and fishing methods, as well as in the species caught. There was a growing contingent of lobster fishermen and unemployment insurance as a social benefit. Some gaps were identified from design to application of the legislation involving lobster fisheries, since the identification of breeding areas protected, use the size of the meshes to the change on coefficient of the meshes. To optimize the process of commercialization and further analysis of Fisheries Biology, an international standardization was proposed for the classification of the entire lobster growth- related task to consistent weights and types. The various systems of existing databases and employed by various organs in the country were discussed. However, has not been verified the necessary integration to streamline monitoring and evaluation procedures, greatly hindering the process of management of public policies. The databases of fishing vessels present in the most diverse organs - Sisemb/DPC, MPA, SINE, MTE - should become single and with biometric reading by the boat owners, avoiding waste of time for both users, as for civil servants who feed and update information annually. In addition, recommendations or suggestions were presented to continuation and deepening of themes for the devel opment of future studies employed in productive chain management of lobster, and also to identify gaps and obstacles that hinder the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of development policy of lobster fishing by public agencies. The 21 undergraduate programs in Fishing Engineering existing in Brazil in 2013 and The Fishing Technology Colleges could contribute with their infrastructure, student body and teaching staff needed to achieve some goals of the MPA, as statistics and fishing extensions.

BEZERRA, M. A. Contribuições para o aprimoramento de políticas públicas na cadeia produtiva da lagosta. 2013. 199 f. Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia de Pesca) - Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2013
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The role of public policies application for the development of lobster fishing is from the Federal Brazilian Government, aiming to reconcile various interests in the productive chain of the lobster fisheries. This D.Sc. thesis presents a study about lobster fishing in the State of Ceará, Northeast region of Brazil, a traditional activity since the mid of the 1950 ́s, and represents an important fishing product of Brazil's exportation, driven by the lack of information on research, statistics, monitoring and evaluation. The history of the fishing in Ceará has shown minimal changes in the fleet, the types of vessels, the equipment and fishing methods, as well as in the species caught. There was a growing contingent of lobster fishermen and unemployment insurance as a social benefit. Some gaps were identified from design to application of the legislation involving lobster fisheries, since the identification of breeding areas protected, use the size of the meshes to the change on coefficient of the meshes. To optimize the process of commercialization and further analysis of Fisheries Biology, an international standardization was proposed for the classification of the entire lobster growth- related task to consistent weights and types. The various systems of existing databases and employed by various organs in the country were discussed. However, has not been verified the necessary integration to streamline monitoring and evaluation procedures, greatly hindering the process of management of public policies. The databases of fishing vessels present in the most diverse organs - Sisemb/DPC, MPA, SINE, MTE - should become single and with biometric reading by the boat owners, avoiding waste of time for both users, as for civil servants who feed and update information annually. In addition, recommendations or suggestions were presented to continuation and deepening of themes for the devel opment of future studies employed in productive chain management of lobster, and also to identify gaps and obstacles that hinder the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of development policy of lobster fishing by public agencies. The 21 undergraduate programs in Fishing Engineering existing in Brazil in 2013 and The Fishing Technology Colleges could contribute with their infrastructure, student body and teaching staff needed to achieve some goals of the MPA, as statistics and fishing extensions
A formulação de políticas públicas para o ordenamento da pesca da lagosta é papel do Governo Federal, visando compatibilizar interesses diversos na cadeia produtiva da lagosta. Esta Tese de Doutorado apresenta um estudo sobre a pesca de lagostas no Estado do Ceará, Brasil, uma atividade tradicional desde meados dos anos de 1950, e que representa um importante produto pesqueiro de exportação do Brasil, motivado pela escassez de informações sobre pesquisa, estatística, monitoramento e avaliação. A situação histórica do setor pesqueiro cearense apresentou alterações mínimas na frota, nos tipos de embarcações, nos aparelhos e métodos de Pesca, assim como nas espécies capturadas. Houve um crescimento no contingente de pescadores de lagosta e do seguro-desemprego como benefício social. Foram identificadas algumas lacunas existentes desde a concepção à aplicação de parte da legislação que envolve a lagosta, seja na identificação de áreas de criadouros protegidas, no uso do tamanho das malhas e na alteração no coeficiente de entralhe das malhas. Para otimizar o processo de comercialização e posterior análise de biologia pesqueira, foi proposta uma padronização internacional para classificação da lagosta inteira relacionada ao crescimento coerente das gramaturas e dos tipos. Foram discutidos os vários sistemas de bancos de dados existentes e empregadas por diversos órgãos no país. No entanto, não foi verificada a integração necessária para agilizar os procedimentos de monitoramento e avaliação, dificultando sobremaneira o processo de gestão das políticas públicas. Os bancos de dados de embarcações pesqueiras presentes nos mais diversos órgãos - Sisemb/DPC, MPA, SINE, MTE - deveriam se tornar único e com leitura biométrica do proprietário da tripulação, evitando perda de tempo tanto para os usuários, quanto para funcionários públicos que alimentam e atualizam diversas informações anualmente. Além disso, recomendações ou sugestões foram apresentadas para a continuidade e o aprofundamento de temas para o desenvolvimento de futuros estudos empregados na gestão da cadeia produtiva da lagosta, ao identificar lacunas e óbices que impedem a implantação, o monitoramento e a avaliação da política de desenvolvimento da pesca de lagosta por órgãos públicos. Os 21 cursos de graduação em Engenharia de Pesca existentes no Brasil em 2013 e os tecnológicos em Pesca & Aquicultura poderiam contribuir com sua infraestrutura, corpo discente e docente necessários para atingir algumas metas do MPA, como estatística e extensões pesqueiras.

The South African government faces numerous challenges in redistributing resources and ensuring access to those resources by historically disadvantaged individuals. This is particularly relevant in the fishing industry where people have been dependant on marine living resources, but under Apartheid, were restricted from accessing these resources. The manner and extent to which the South African government seeks to address the injustices of the past in fisheries allocations is an important indication of its commitment to transformation. Transformation of the fishing industry must be balanced against the South African government's commitment to promote historically disadvantaged individuals on the one hand, and sustainable development, the internal transformation of previously advantaged companies and the government's commitment under international human rights and environmental law instruments on the other. The South African government's Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism has published numerous White Papers and laws that recognise the government's role as custodian of natural resources and the need for the redistribution of resources especially to historically disadvantaged individuals. However, the manner in which legislation and policy is implemented and, more importantly, the way transformation is interpreted by the courts is an important indication of what levels of transformation would satisfy the courts that transformation was considered and given effect to. As stated above, this is important not only for the fishing industry sector but for the redistribution and transformation processes in other areas as well. Transformation requires a marked change. The process under the Marine Living Resources Act and the levels of transformation that it has achieved resembles a negotiated settlement, where the process in allocating fishing rights is relatively transparent, rather than change that is so significant that it may be considered as marked.

This chapter describes the taxonomy of the Decapoda, the most species-rich order of Crustacea, with over 14,500 described extant species worldwide, commonly called shrimps, prawns, lobsters, or crabs. Decapods exhibit a vast diversity in shape, size, and colour. The chapter covers their life cycle, ecology, general morphology, and larval measurements. It includes a section that indicates the systematic placement of the taxon described within the tree of life, and lists the key marine representative illustrated in the chapter (usually to genus or family level). This section also provides information on the taxonomic authorities responsible for the classification adopted, recent changes which might have occurred, and lists relevant taxonomic sources.

This chapter describes the taxonomy of Stomatopoda. Stomatopods, also known as mantis shrimps, because of their resemblance to a praying mantis, are a small order of marine malacostracan crustaceans related to shrimps, crabs, and lobsters. There are around 450 extant stomatopod species in the world and the majority of them live in tropical and sub-tropical regions, although a few species occur in temperate and boreal waters. The chapter covers their life cycle, ecology, and general morphology. It includes a section that indicates the systematic placement of the taxon described within the tree of life, and lists the key marine representative illustrated in the chapter (usually to genus or family level). This section also provides information on the taxonomic authorities responsible for the classification adopted, recent changes which might have occurred, and lists relevant taxonomic sources.

The study of identifiable neurons, a common feature of invertebrate nervous systems, has made it possible to construct a detailed cell-to-cell connectivity map using electrophysiological methods that can inspire the design of biomimetic systems. This chapter describes how the analysis of the neural circuitry in the lobster stomatogastric ganglion (STG) has provided some general principles underlying oscillatory and rhythmic behavior in all animals. The rhythmic and oscillatory patterns produced by the two STG central pattern generating (CPG) circuits are a result of two cooperative mechanisms, intrinsically bursting pacemaker neurons and synaptic network properties. Also covered are the major neuromodulatory and neural control mechanisms. The chapter discusses how a deep knowledge of the stomatogastric circuitry has led to the development of electronic neurons for biomimetic devices that can be used for experimental and prosthetic applications The chapter concludes with a section on new techniques that may help with unraveling oscillatory circuits in the brain.