Relevant bibliographies by topics / Local campaign

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Local campaign'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Local campaign"

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D. Smidt, Corwin. "A Uniter and a Divider: American Presidential Campaigns and Partisan Perceptions of the National Economy." American Politics Research 48, no. 2 (September 20, 2019): 329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532673x19875712.

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Do American presidential campaigns polarize or unify partisan perceptions? I propose that they do both, where the balance of these countervailing forces varies by context. Campaign messages enable partisan differences, especially in battleground states, but campaigns also promote social contexts that foster accuracy motives and reduce the effects of partisan biases nationwide. After documenting panel data evidence of campaign trends toward unity, further tests compare the national effects of campaign engagement with the local effects of campaign intensity using daily survey data on national economic evaluations. In support of the countervailing forces framework, national engagement in presidential campaigns generally increased levels of cross-partisan agreement by campaign’s end, but local campaign intensity enhanced partisan differences in rate of responsiveness to the campaign. Although targeted campaigns reduced unifying effects in many states, presidential campaigns typically have a net unifying effect on American economic perceptions, thereby strengthening economic voting.
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Lefevere, Jonas. "The Impact of Election Campaigns on the Nationalization of Voting Behavior in Local Elections: A Case Study of the Antwerp Local Election Campaign." Urban Affairs Review 54, no. 4 (September 26, 2016): 761–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087416669825.

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Nonnational elections are at least partially determined by factors pertaining to the national level, which is problematic for the democratic functioning of these nonnational policy levels. Recent scholarly work has begun examining the impact of the election campaign on voters’ tendency to vote “nationally". However, these studies focus almost exclusively on European Union (EU) elections, and their findings may not be generalizable to other contexts. Moreover, they assume campaigns affect all voters similarly. In contrast, this study examines whether campaigns affect voters’ tendency to vote nationally in a local election, and whether partisan preferences condition the effect. These expectations are tested using panel survey data and a media content analysis collected during the 2012 Antwerp local election campaign. The results indicate that the campaign affected voters, making local considerations more important. However, the impact was conditional upon voters’ partisan preferences: When a party put more emphasis on the national context, voters preferring that party became more likely to rely on national considerations throughout the campaign.
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Kustec Lipicer, Simona, Samo Kropivnik, and Alem Maksuti. "An Analysis of Winning Campaigns in Urban Municipalities in 2006 Local Elections." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 6, no. 3 (September 2, 2009): 333–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/57.

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The study of electoral campaigns is nowadays one of the very topical and popular themes in the field of the scientific-research work. Electoral campaigns can be defined in several ways and from several points of view. In this paper, a campaign is understood as a set of diverse activities performed to influence the electoral result. These activities can be studied according to the political-system, time-space, organisational and instrumental dimensions of their performance. The key purpose of the paper is to analyse and typologise the features of electoral campaigns of today's urban municipality mayors in Slovenia during their standing as candidates in local elections in 2006. By using various methodological and statistical approaches and tools, it was found out in the analysed cases that electoral campaigns were an important part of the electoral process and that, according to planning features and implementing plans, they were very specific in all the studied municipalities. Because of this, the campaigns in the studied elections were characterised as particular and highly localised. Despite these particularities, four different types of campaigns were highlighted according to the groups of similar features: a) traditional campaigns; b) charismatic candidate campaigns; c) modern local campaigns and d) an intense campaign mosaic. Regardless of the particularities of the campaign activities and processes, it turned out that they played an important role at the local level of political activity. Key words: • electoral campaign • local elections • urban municipality • mayor • type • Slovenia
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Pattie, Charles, Todd Hartman, and Ron Johnston. "Incumbent parties, incumbent MPs and the effectiveness of constituency campaigns: Evidence from the 2015 UK general election." British Journal of Politics and International Relations 19, no. 4 (August 9, 2017): 824–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369148117718710.

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Parties’ local campaign efforts can yield electoral dividends in plurality elections; in general, the harder they campaign, the more votes they receive. However, this is not invariably the case. Different parties’ campaigns can have different effects. What is more, the particular status of a candidacy can also influence how effective the local campaign might be. Analyses of constituency campaigning at the 2015 UK General Election reveal inter-party variations in campaign effectiveness. But looking more closely at how a party was placed tactically in a seat prior to the election, and at whether sitting MPs stood again for their party or retired, reveals distinct variations in what parties stand to gain from their local campaigns in different circumstances.
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Cross, William, and Lisa Young. "Explaining Local Campaign Intensity: The Canadian General Election of 2008." Canadian Journal of Political Science 44, no. 3 (September 2011): 553–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423911000497.

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Abstract. There is considerable evidence that local campaign activity is positively related both to a party's constituency level vote share and to voter participation rates. In this article we consider the degree of variance of local campaign intensity at the constituency level in the Liberal and New Democratic parties in the 2008 Canadian federal election and consider the variables that may explain this variance. Utilizing data collected through a post-election mail-back survey of candidates, we find significant variance in local campaign activity and identify six factors that influence it. These are an objective measure of the local candidate's chance for victory in the constituency, the candidate's subjective view of their chances, whether the candidate was challenged for the local nomination, how involved the candidate is in his/her local community, whether the candidate contested the prior election and whether party notables from outside the constituency campaigned in the riding.Résumé. Les preuves sont considérables au fait que l'activité dans les campagnes locales correspond à la part des votes dans la circonscription électorale ainsi qu'à la participation électorale. Dans cet article nous considérons le degré de variance de l'intensité des campagnes locales des partis Libéral et Nouveau Démocratique durant l'élection fédérale Canadienne 2008 et examinons les données qui expliquent la variation. En utilisant les données recueillies par des questionnaires postélectoraux des candidats retournés par la poste, nous trouvons une variance significative dans l'activité des campagnes locales et nous identifions six facteurs qui l'influencent. Ils sont: une mesure objective des chances de victoire du candidat, l'impression subjective du candidat de ses chances de gagner, si le candidat était mis au défi dans la nomination locale, la participation du candidat dans sa communauté locale, si le candidat avait contesté l'élection précédente, et si les notables du parti en dehors de la circonscription faisaient campagne pour le candidat dans sa circonscription.
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Paget, Dan. "The Rally-Intensive Campaign: A Distinct Form of Electioneering in Sub-Saharan Africa and Beyond." International Journal of Press/Politics 24, no. 4 (May 9, 2019): 444–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1940161219847952.

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I consider how to characterize and classify election campaigns in sub-Saharan Africa. I revisit the typology proposed by Pippa Norris, which distinguishes between premodern, modern, and postmodern campaigns. This typology, and others like it, homogenizes ground campaigns. Ground campaigns only feature by virtue of their centrality in premodern campaigns and their peripherality in modern and postmodern campaigns. I argue that the prominence of the rally varies across ground campaigns. By trivializing rallies, current typologies obscure this variation between African campaigns and between campaigns in sub-Saharan Africa and the rest of the world. To accommodate these differences, I propose a schema of campaign ecologies, adapted from Norris’ own, which incorporates a distinct ideal-type: the rally-intensive campaign. This revision internationalizes this hitherto Western-bound typology and may illuminate the features of campaigns in other middle- and low-income countries too. Equally, it throws into relief differences between historic premodern campaigns in Western countries. I contend that rally-intensiveness is a definitive feature of election campaigns from which other features stem. To illuminate such typical features, I study Tanzania, which has the most rally-intensive campaigns in Africa. I draw on ethnographic research and original survey data to identify the four following typical features of the rally-intensive campaign. Local as well as national leaders hold rallies frequently. Local rallies are better attended in aggregate than national ones, and accordingly, campaign contact is direct. Mass meetings dwarf the canvass as a means of campaign contact, and local party networks concentrate their efforts on “producing” rallies.
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Carty, R. Kenneth, and Munroe Eagles. "Do local campaigns matter? Campaign spending, the local canvass and party support in Canada." Electoral Studies 18, no. 1 (March 1999): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0261-3794(98)00044-4.

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Fleischmann, Arnold, and Lana Stein. "Campaign Contributions in Local Elections." Political Research Quarterly 51, no. 3 (September 1998): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3088044.

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Fleischmann, Arnold, and Lana Stein. "Campaign Contributions in Local Elections." Political Research Quarterly 51, no. 3 (September 1998): 673–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106591299805100306.

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Rallings, Colin, Michael Thrasher, and Galina Borisyuk. "Local campaign activity and voting." Electoral Studies 32, no. 2 (June 2013): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2012.10.008.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Local campaign"

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Kellett, Ian Alexander. "Remote Outreach Cinema Campaign: (R.O.C.C.)." Thesis, Montana State University, 2006. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2006/kellett/KellettI0806.pdf.

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This thesis proposes strategies for the making and exhibition of films that amplify conservation values and efforts in rural communities. The films support and promote the missions of local leaders and the agendas of respected environmental agencies. The filmmaking strategies entail identifying existing conservation values as experienced through broad themes such as quality of life, economics and community development. By focusing on the collaborative process of making and projecting a film, these strategies serve to inspire innovative solutions promoting responsible stewardship of the land and sea. This model of media creation and delivery is designed to empower local politics and communities with the momentum necessary to plan a future consistent with their environmental values. I call this media creation and delivery strategy, Remote Outreach Cinema Campaigns (R.O.C.C.); Remote, because the media is targeted towards rural audiences, Outreach because the media supports the missions of established environmental agencies, Cinema, because the final delivery is on a large screen and viewed collectively. And Campaign, because the final film is only one part of a process.
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Burnett, Jeff. "Developing a public relations campaign for a local church." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1989. http://www.tren.com.

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Charlesworth, Julie Anne. "Local authority intervention in the local economy : the case of the A1 corridor campaign." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332836.

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Kwong, Fu-sam. "Community work and election campaign : an exploratory study /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1985. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12322416.

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Agasoster, Bodil. "Party cohesion and local agendas : a study in variations in local campaign strategies in Scotland." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU603198.

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The thesis studies variation in the local election campaigns of the Scottish parties in the British 1987, 1992 and 1997 general elections, and seeks to measure and explain the variation in local campaign strategies. Data include elite interviews, an agent survey on the local campaigns and quantitative content analysis of the parties' Scottish and local manifestos in 1997. The theoretical framework builds on organisational and rational party perspectives and theories on the importance of geography for political phenomena. We expected to find substantial in-party and between-party variation in the campaign techniques, intensity, equipment/resources and the local manifestos across Scotland. Furthermore, we expected visible differences between the parties' correlates of campaign variables with region, local party competition, and the candidates' experience. We hoped to be able to identify party differences in levels of party centralisation, and to explain differences in campaigning by these. We hypothesised that: 1) parties would maximise campaign resources in marginal seats; 2) within-party policy variation would be most extensive in rural seats; 3) the level of party centralisation would be negatively associated with variation in policy contents, and positively with targeting; and 4) there was likely to be a positive association between the candidate's experience and their emphasis in the local manifestos. Most of the expected patterns of variation were confirmed, but extensive between-party variations were identified. We were only able to confirm the hypothesis about concentration of resources in marginal seats convincingly for the Liberal Democrats, the SNP and partly for Labour. Further we found that except for the Tories, policy tended to vary most within rural seats; that the relationship between party centralisation and within-party variation in campaign strategies needs further exploration; and that overall, while the most experienced candidates receive most attention in the local manifestos, the Conservatives also sometimes focus on newer candidates.
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Ford, E. J. "Life on the Campaign Trail: The Political Anthropology of Local Politics." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002610.

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Haynes, Audrey A. "National and local media coverage and the presidential nomination campaign of 1992 /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487941504295885.

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Kwong, Fu-sam, and 鄺福生. "Community work and election campaign: an exploratory study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44569543.

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Walls, John Michael. "The coverage of the campaign against live exports in the national and local press 1990-1996." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310293.

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Kwok, Ngai-kuen, and 郭毅權. "Strategies and tactics of a district board election campaign and implications for community/neighbourhood development." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1988. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31248135.

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Books on the topic "Local campaign"

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Brindle, Jeffrey M. Local campaign financing. [Trenton, N.J.]: New Jersey Election Law Enforcement Commission, 2000.

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United States. Federal Election Commission., ed. Local party activity. [Washington, D.C.?]: Federal Election Commission, 1993.

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Lewis, Michael A. Local party activity. [Washington, D.C.?]: Federal Election Commission, 1993.

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Lewis, Michael A. Local party activity. [Washington, D.C.?]: Federal Election Commission, 1993.

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Local and state political campaign management. Commack, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 1996.

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The campaign manager: Running & winning local elections. 3rd ed. Boulder: Westview Press, 2004.

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M, Shaw Catherine. The campaign manager: Running & winning local elections. Ashland, OR: Oak Street Press, 1996.

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Massachusetts. Office of Campaign and Political Finance. Campaign finance guide, local political party committees. Boston, MA: The Office, 1998.

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Yambot, Reuben M. How to win in the 1992 local elections. Quezon City: Active Research Center, 1992.

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Campaign finance in local elections: Buying the grassroots. Boulder, Colo: FirstForumPress, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Local campaign"

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Butler, David, and Paul Jowett. "The Local Campaign." In Party Strategies in Britain, 83–92. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17816-2_9.

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Rubin, Herbert J. "Beginning the Battle: Preparing for an Advocacy Campaign." In Persuading Local Government, 51–60. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003262572-6.

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Garcia, Juan A., Jose M. Bodoque, Maria Amerigo, Belen Ruiz, and Andres Diez-Herrero. "Social Marketing for Flood Risk Management: A Local Communication Campaign in Spain." In Applying Quality of Life Research, 279–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83286-5_16.

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Sanghvi, Minita, and Nancy Hodges. "Appearance Management in Political Marketing: Examining Perspectives of Local Politicians and Campaign Workers." In Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science, 95–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10951-0_36.

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Nyanzi, Stella. "Personal Narrative: Bloody Precarious Activism in Uganda." In The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Menstruation Studies, 551–59. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0614-7_42.

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Abstract In her essay, Stella Nyanzi describes and analyzes her dissident activism against the president’s unfulfilled promise of providing sanitary pads to schoolgirls in resource-poor communities in Uganda. Named #Pads4GirlsUg, the campaign enabled local and global citizens to contribute toward the distribution of menstrual products and provide critical menstrual health education. Stella Nyanzi powerfully examines the strategies she used for popularizing the campaign, mobilizing citizen participation, and smashing the silence and taboo around menstruation. Above all, she dissects the countertactics employed by the government to discredit and criminalize the campaign. Stella Nyanzi demonstrates that menstruation and women’s bodies are political and politicized—to the extent that her activism and criticism has led to her imprisonment.
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Miranda, Liliana, and Michaela Hordijk. "Let's Build Cities for Life – the National Campaign of Local Agenda 21s in Peru." In The Earthscan Reader in Sustainable Cities, 321–51. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315800462-19.

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"The Local Campaign." In How People Vote, 87–110. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315006628-10.

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"Election Campaign." In Sierra Leone National and Local Council Elections, 17 November 2012, 18–20. Commonwealth, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.14217/9781848591554-5-en.

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"Chapter 16: The Corporate Campaign." In The Betrayal of Local 14, 123–32. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501724329-019.

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McCallum, Jamie K. "The Campaign against G4S: Globalizing Governance Struggles." In Global Unions, Local Power, 74–98. Cornell University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9780801451935.003.0004.

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Conference papers on the topic "Local campaign"

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Lolong, Wenly R. J., and Adensi Timomor. "Criminal Potential at the Campaign in Local Leader Elections in Indonesia." In 3rd International Conference on Social Sciences (ICSS 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201014.042.

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Putri, Nur, and Nazaki Nazaki. "Monitoring Political Campaign In Social Media in Local Leaders Election of Tanjungpinang 2018th." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Environmental Governance, ICONEG 2019, 25-26 October 2019, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.25-10-2019.2300541.

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Mehan, T., and S. Smoske. "0022 #StayAtHomeSafety campaign to prevent home-related injuries due to COVID-19." In Injury and Violence Prevention for a Changing World: From Local to Global: SAVIR 2021 Conference Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2021-savir.8.

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Hamann, C., E. Daly, N. Askelson, L. Schwab-Reese, and C. Peek-Asa. "0098 Community engagement and the development of a rural road safety campaign." In Injury and Violence Prevention for a Changing World: From Local to Global: SAVIR 2021 Conference Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2021-savir.74.

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Meccariello, Giovanni, and Livia Della Ragione. "Statistical Determination of Local Driving Cycles Based on Experimental Campaign as WLTC Real Approach." In 13th International Conference on Engines & Vehicles. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2017-24-0138.

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K.D Sweinstani, Mouliza. "The Use of Social Media as the New Platform for Women’s Campaign in Local Executive Election." In International Conference on Social Sciences in the 21st Century. Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/ics21.2019.07.368.

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Salcido, Alejandro, Susana Carreón-Sierra, and Ana-Teresa Celada-Murillo. "A Brief Clustering Analysis of the Mexico City Local Wind States Occurred during the Milagro Campaign." In Computers and Advanced Technology in Education. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2014.821-006.

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Bin Ahmad Zaini, Ahmad Hafizi, M. Khairi Bin Rahim, M. Hairi Bin Razak, and Steve Moir. "Challenges and Lessons Learnt on Waste Management and Disposal from Mauritania Deepwater Abandonment and Decommissioning Campaign." In SPE Symposium: Decommissioning and Abandonment. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208472-ms.

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Abstract Abandonment and decommissioning activities of oil and gas assets had been on the increasing trend. As an activity of minimal to no economic value return, the investment into Abandonment and Decommissioning (A&D) should be properly strategized to ensure all objectives are met safely within available time and resources. This paper will discuss Operator's strategy in planning and handling waste from A&D activities of fifteen (15) deepwater subsea wells in Mauritania, West Africa. The approach of this A&D project at a remote location was done in two separate campaign instead of a single campaign based on technical and commercial evaluations performed by Operator. Subsea structures, Christmas trees, tubulars and others are expected to be retrieved and disposed according to local and international standard. In general, Operator are expecting two (2) type of waste which are non-hazardous waste and hazardous waste due to hydrocarbon or naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) contamination. Due to the limitation of capable hazardous waste handling and disposal in country, Operator decided to export waste to identified facilities outside of country at the end of the project via sea-freight. Operator appointed one contractor to provide a full-service related to the waste management and disposal that covers field services and onshore services that includes radiological monitoring to identify NORM waste, labelling, packaging at offshore, onshore storage, transportation and logistics that include Trans-Frontier Shipment (TFS). The strategy of appointing one contractor for full service of waste management and disposal has promoted a single – point accountability to the contractor and this has enabled the objective been delivered effectively. COVID-19 pandemic posed a great challenge on cross-border logistic planning due to additional measure been imposed by receiving country. Furthermore, the new development of United Kingdom exiting European Union (BREXIT) also posed some level of uncertainty to the contractor to obtain relevant approvals for waste export. To reduce the amount of waste to be export, Operator continuously looking for and successfully found a local recycling facility that able to handle the non-hazardous waste while meeting local regulation, Operator's and industrial standard. All outlined strategy was proven to be effective for waste management in remote location, uncertainty on cross-border waste export challenge, as well as capitalizing on the limited local resources available.
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Azihar, Azwan Azim, Maziah Abu Mukhtar, Shahril Yang, M. Zahin A Razak, A. Zawawi A Rajab, and M. Azlan Tumiran. "Biggest Wells Plug and Abandonment Campaign – Effective Management & Best Practices Implementation." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31403-ms.

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Abstract This paper covers the strategy that led to successful execution of Plug and Abandonment (P&A) campaign. This paper also shares the best practices implementation, and challenges in completion of the biggest plug and abandonment campaign at Alpha Platform in Peninsular Malaysia. Among the challenges are aging wells with numerous integrity issues, well sequence selection and prioritization, monsoon season, stakeholder management as well as piloting new technology applications. In the last 5 years, there are over 50 wells have been successfully abandoned in Malaysia water. The generic abandonment project management framework consists of Initiation Stage, Concept Selection, Scope Definition, Execution, and Post Execution; Close Out. The scope for this paper will detail out the levels for abandonment planning. Screening and clustering, fit-for-purpose strategy, novel technology, innovative contracting strategy are among the pillars in abandonment planning and execution. Effective tools and matrix have been introduced to evaluate the wells candidates. Execution phase is narrowed down to several approaches and best practices that have been implemented to successfully complete all wells at Alpha Platform. The approaches have been customized to safely abandon wells with sustained annulus pressure (SAP) in compliance with the country's regulations. In-depth well study and aggressively piloting new technology are among the keys to tackle numerous well integrity issue in 40 years old wells e.g shallow gas, casing leak, wellhead, and Christmas tree leak. Vigilant logistic management and integrated contract approach also play important roles in reducing the risk and liability to the operator and at the same time developing local players’ capability. The strategy and best practices in completing plug and abandonment of Alpha Platform should be replicated by P&A industry to manage the similar issue in other projects. Integrated and fit-for-purpose abandonment approach act as the foundation to model invaluable high-quality planning, forecasting and Value Creation Plan for P&A project portfolio. This paper will be useful in P&A industry where a lot of lessons learned to be shared in the biggest campaign in Malaysia.
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Angelucci, M., I. Di Piazza, M. Tarantino, R. Marinari, G. Polazzi, and V. Sermenghi. "Experimental Tests With Non-Uniformly Heated 19-Pins Fuel Bundle Cooled by HLM." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81216.

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An experimental campaign was performed on a non-uniformly heated 19-pins wire-spaced fuel pin bundle simulator, cooled by Heavy Liquid Metal and installed in the NACIE-UP (NAtural CIrculation Experiment-UPgrade) facility located at the ENEA Brasimone Research Center (Italy). The experimental tests concerned mass flow rate transition of the primary coolant from forced to natural circulation, with fuel pin bundle simulator characterized by non-uniform power distribution. The main objective of the performed experimental campaign was to perform integral system and local thermal-hydraulic analysis, in particular to investigate the flow in different flow regimes and specifically the transition from forced to natural circulation flow and, more specifically, analyze the behavior of the 19-pins wire-spaced fuel pin simulator (FPS) during such transient. Indeed, the performed test were characterized by non-uniform heating of the bundle (i.e. just some pins switched on), so the effects of this non-uniformity on the local temperatures and on the overall system behavior was evaluated. A deep investigation on the local temperature distribution was performed thanks to the accurate instrumentation provided in the bundle (67 thermocouples). For instance, in some cases, the wall temperatures relative to pins switched off remained below the relative sub-channel temperature, depending on the heating distribution. The obtained experimental data provided useful information for the characterization of the bundle and the computation of the heat transfer coefficient. Moreover, the collected system data can be helpful for STH codes validation, whereas the local fuel bundle data, especially the ones from dissymmetric tests can be useful for the qualification and benchmarking of CFD codes and coupled STH/CFD methods for HLM systems.
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Reports on the topic "Local campaign"

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Oden, Rikki. Effectiveness of Focused Water Conservation Messaging in the Clackamas River, OR. Portland State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/mem.67.

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The Clackamas River in Oregon is a drinking water source for upwards of 300,000 people living in the Portland metro region. This river experiences seasonal low flow during the annual dry season throughout summer and early fall when endangered salmon species return to the river to spawn. This dry season also coincides with the highest period of urban water use. Since precipitation is minimal at this time, water users choose to water their lawns to make up for the lack of rain which contributes to water use tripling during the driest part of the year. To promote local water conservation, the Clackamas River Water Providers (CRWP)—who manage source water protection and public outreach and education around watershed issues, drinking water, and water conservation for the eight water providers on the river—have created a water conservation campaign that they intend to promote each dry season for the next several years. First promoted during the dry season of 2019, the messaging focuses on the flow needs of endangered salmon and asks water users to cease outdoor watering altogether. Through focus group discussion and a survey of water users, this research investigates public perception and opinion of the CRWP’s summer water conservation messaging campaign with the goal of improving the effectiveness of the messaging in future dry seasons.
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Tull, Kerina. Social Inclusion and Immunisation. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.025.

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The current COVID-19 epidemic is both a health and societal issue; therefore, groups historically excluded and marginalised in terms of healthcare will suffer if COVID-19 vaccines, tests, and treatments are to be delivered equitably. This rapid review is exploring the social and cultural challenges related to the roll-out, distribution, and access of COVID-19 vaccines, tests, and treatments. It highlights how these challenges impact certain marginalised groups. Case studies are taken from sub-Saharan Africa (the Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa), with some focus on South East Asia (Indonesia, India) as they have different at-risk groups. Lessons on this issue can be learned from previous pandemics and vaccine roll-out in low- and mid-income countries (LMICs). Key points to highlight include successful COVID-19 vaccine roll-out will only be achieved by ensuring effective community engagement, building local vaccine acceptability and confidence, and overcoming cultural, socio-economic, and political barriers that lead to mistrust and hinder uptake of vaccines. However, the literature notes that a lot of lessons learned about roll-out involve communication - including that the government should under-promise what it can do and then over-deliver. Any campaign must aim to create trust, and involve local communities in planning processes.
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Owens, Janine, Rosie Allen, Amelia Pearson, Susan Davies, Catherine Robinson, and Alys Young. The impact of COVID-19 on social care and social work in the UK: A Scoping Review Protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0174.

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Review question / Objective: What are the medium and long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on practitioners and organisations providing social work and social care to adults in the UK? Rationale: The pandemic has exerted adverse effects on staff morale and well-being, with sickness absence rises across the sector and increased difficulties in recruiting staff from agencies, despite a pre-COVID government recruitment campaign (https://www.gov.uk/government/news/adult-social-care-recruitment-care-campaign-launched-to-boost-workforce). Care home providers report extreme anxiety and distress, burnout and financial concerns (CQC, 2020). These worsened during the proposed introduction of mandatory vaccination care home workers (Bell et al. 2021). Social care workers report a lack of support in terms of training and equipment, sleep disturbances and increasing levels of mental ill health (Pappa et al. 2020; Williamson et al. 2020; Donnelly et al. 2021). They also report experiencing conflicts in terms of caring for people with diverse needs (Greenberg et al. 2020). Some research suggests that workers experienced professional growth during the pandemic, but that this came at a cost to their own mental health (Billings et al. 2021). Other research reported increased team unity and more reflection on what mattered in life (Aughterson et al. 2021). One editorial claims that the pandemic created a reduction of bureaucracy and the emergence of more efficient ways of working in social care in Local Authorities (Golightley & Holloway 2020). The evidence appears conflicting and frequently fails to separate health care and social care work, when the roles and structures of service delivery organisations are different. There is also a lack of differentiation in reporting on effects on the social care workforce in general, and specifically social workers and statutory social work.
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Abed, Dana, Rihab Sawaya, and Nadim Tabbal. Analyzing Voter Turnout in Lebanon: Political Change in Times of Crisis. Oxfam, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2022.8823.

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In May 2022, Lebanon is hosting its first parliamentary elections since the popular uprising of October 2019, when massive protests took place to denounce the current ruling elites. This research looks at voter turnout and behavior on the eve of the elections and examines the will for political change. It argues that in the current Lebanese context, there needs to be further political awareness-raising, and campaigns should be more inclusive of women and the queer community. Independent campaigns should focus on developing strong governing capacities that voters can trust, and create further space for civic and political engagement on the local and national levels.
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Richards, Robin. The Effect of Non-partisan Elections and Decentralisation on Local Government Performance. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.014.

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This rapid review focusses on whether there is international evidence on the role of non-partisan elections as a form of decentralised local government that improves performance of local government. The review provides examples of this from Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. There are two reported examples in Sub-Saharan Africa of non-partisan elections that delink candidates from political parties during election campaigns. The use of non-partisan elections to improve performance and democratic accountability at the level of government is not common, for example, in southern Africa all local elections at the sub-national sphere follow the partisan model. Whilst there were no examples found where countries shifted from partisan to non-partisan elections at the local government level, the literature notes that decentralisation policies have the effect of democratising and transferring power and therefore few central governments implement it fully. In Africa decentralisation is favoured because it is often used as a cover for central control. Many post-colonial leaders in Africa continue to favour centralised government under the guise of decentralisation. These preferences emanated from their experiences under colonisation where power was maintained by colonial administrations through institutions such as traditional leadership. A review of the literature on non-partisan elections at the local government level came across three examples where this occurred. These countries were: Ghana, Uganda and Bangladesh. Although South Africa holds partisan elections at the sub-national sphere, the election of ward committee members and ward councillors, is on a non-partisan basis and therefore, the ward committee system in South Africa is included as an example of a non-partisan election process in the review.
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Haberman, J. H. LOCA Simulation in the National Research Universal Reactor Program Postirradiation Examination Results for the Third Materials Experiment (MT-3) - Second Campaign. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1086289.

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Krasinsky, Vladislav V. Participation of organized crime in election campaigns and problems of counteraction organized crime’s penetration into organs of state and local power with the help of elections. Ljournal, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/g-2017-981.

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Tulloch, Olivia, Tamara Roldan de Jong, and Kevin Bardosh. Data Synthesis: COVID-19 Vaccine Perceptions in Sub-Saharan Africa: Social and Behavioural Science Data, March 2020-April 2021. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2028.

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Safe and effective vaccines against COVID-19 are seen as a critical path to ending the pandemic. This synthesis brings together data related to public perceptions about COVID-19 vaccines collected between March 2020 and March 2021 in 22 countries in Africa. It provides an overview of the data (primarily from cross-sectional perception surveys), identifies knowledge and research gaps and presents some limitations of translating the available evidence to inform local operational decisions. The synthesis is intended for those designing and delivering vaccination programmes and COVID-19 risk communication and community engagement (RCCE). 5 large-scale surveys are included with over 12 million respondents in 22 central, eastern, western and southern African countries (note: one major study accounts for more than 10 million participants); data from 14 peer-reviewed questionnaire surveys in 8 countries with n=9,600 participants and 15 social media monitoring, qualitative and community feedback studies. Sample sizes are provided in the first reference for each study and in Table 13 at the end of this document. The data largely predates vaccination campaigns that generally started in the first quarter of 2021. Perceptions will change and further syntheses, that represent the whole continent including North Africa, are planned. This review is part of the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) series on COVID-19 vaccines. It was developed for SSHAP by Anthrologica. It was written by Kevin Bardosh (University of Washington), Tamara Roldan de Jong and Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica), it was reviewed by colleagues from PERC, LSHTM, IRD, and UNICEF (see acknowledgments) and received coordination support from the RCCE Collective Service. It is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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Tulloch, Olivia, Tamara Roldan de Jong, and Kevin Bardosh. Data Synthesis: COVID-19 Vaccine Perceptions in Africa: Social and Behavioural Science Data, March 2020-March 2021. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.030.

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Safe and effective vaccines against COVID-19 are seen as a critical path to ending the pandemic. This synthesis brings together data related to public perceptions about COVID-19 vaccines collected between March 2020 and March 2021 in 22 countries in Africa. It provides an overview of the data (primarily from cross-sectional perception surveys), identifies knowledge and research gaps and presents some limitations of translating the available evidence to inform local operational decisions. The synthesis is intended for those designing and delivering vaccination programmes and COVID-19 risk communication and community engagement (RCCE). 5 large-scale surveys are included with over 12 million respondents in 22 central, eastern, western and southern African countries (note: one major study accounts for more than 10 million participants); data from 14 peer-reviewed questionnaire surveys in 8 countries with n=9,600 participants and 15 social media monitoring, qualitative and community feedback studies. Sample sizes are provided in the first reference for each study and in Table 13 at the end of this document. The data largely predates vaccination campaigns that generally started in the first quarter of 2021. Perceptions will change and further syntheses, that represent the whole continent including North Africa, are planned. This review is part of the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) series on COVID-19 vaccines. It was developed for SSHAP by Anthrologica. It was written by Kevin Bardosh (University of Washington), Tamara Roldan de Jong and Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica), it was reviewed by colleagues from PERC, LSHTM, IRD, and UNICEF (see acknowledgments) and received coordination support from the RCCE Collective Service. It is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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Ficht, Thomas, Gary Splitter, Menachem Banai, and Menachem Davidson. Characterization of B. Melinensis REV 1 Attenuated Mutants. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7580667.bard.

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Brucella Mutagenesis (TAMU) The working hypothesis for this study was that survival of Brucella vaccines was directly related to their persistence in the host. This premise is based on previously published work detailing the survival of the currently employed vaccine strains S19 and Rev 1. The approach employed signature-tagged mutagenesis to construct mutants interrupted in individual genes, and the mouse model to identify mutants with attenuated virulence/survival. Intracellular survival in macrophages is the key to both reproductive disease in ruminants and reticuloendothelial disease observed in most other species. Therefore, the mouse model permitted selection of mutants of reduced intracellular survival that would limit their ability to cause reproductive disease in ruminants. Several classes of mutants were expected. Colonization/invasion requires gene products that enhance host-agent interaction or increase resistance to antibacterial activity in macrophages. The establishment of chronic infection requires gene products necessary for intracellular bacterial growth. Maintenance of chronic infection requires gene products that sustain a low-level metabolism during periods characterized little or no growth (1, 2). Of these mutants, the latter group was of greatest interest with regard to our originally stated premise. However, the results obtained do not necessarily support a simplistic model of vaccine efficacy, i.e., long-survival of vaccine strains provides better immunity. Our conclusion can only be that optimal vaccines will only be developed with a thorough understanding of host agent interaction, and will be preferable to the use of fortuitous isolates of unknown genetic background. Each mutant could be distinguished from among a group of mutants by PCR amplification of the signature tag (5). This approach permitted infection of mice with pools of different mutants (including the parental wild-type as a control) and identified 40 mutants with apparently defective survival characteristics that were tentatively assigned to three distinct classes or groups. Group I (n=13) contained organisms that exhibited reduced survival at two weeks post-infection. Organisms in this group were recovered at normal levels by eight weeks and were not studied further, since they may persist in the host. Group II (n=11) contained organisms that were reduced by 2 weeks post infection and remained at reduced levels at eight weeks post-infection. Group III (n=16) contained mutants that were normal at two weeks, but recovered at reduced levels at eight weeks. A subset of these mutants (n= 15) was confirmed to be attenuated in mixed infections (1:1) with the parental wild-type. One of these mutants was eliminated from consideration due to a reduced growth rate in vitro that may account for its apparent growth defect in the mouse model. Although the original plan involved construction of the mutant bank in B. melitensis Rev 1 the low transformability of this strain, prevented accumulation of the necessary number of mutants. In addition, the probability that Rev 1 already carries one genetic defect increases the likelihood that a second defect will severely compromise the survival of this organism. Once key genes have been identified, it is relatively easy to prepare the appropriate genetic constructs (knockouts) lacking these genes in B. melitensis Rev 1 or any other genetic background. The construction of "designer" vaccines is expected to improve immune protection resulting from minor sequence variation corresponding to geographically distinct isolates or to design vaccines for use in specific hosts. A.2 Mouse Model of Brucella Infection (UWISC) Interferon regulatory factor-1-deficient (IRF-1-/- mice have diverse immunodeficient phenotypes that are necessary for conferring proper immune protection to intracellular bacterial infection, such as a 90% reduction of CD8+ T cells, functionally impaired NK cells, as well as a deficiency in iNOS and IL-12p40 induction. Interestingly, IRF-1-/- mice infected with diverse Brucella abortus strains reacted differently in a death and survival manner depending on the dose of injection and the level of virulence. Notably, 50% of IRF-1-/- mice intraperitoneally infected with a sublethal dose in C57BL/6 mice, i.e., 5 x 105 CFU of virulent S2308 or the attenuated vaccine S19, died at 10 and 20 days post-infection, respectively. Interestingly, the same dose of RB51, an attenuated new vaccine strain, did not induce the death of IRF-1-/- mice for the 4 weeks of infection. IRF-1-/- mice infected with four more other genetically manipulated S2308 mutants at 5 x 105 CFU also reacted in a death or survival manner depending on the level of virulence. Splenic CFU from C57BL/6 mice infected with 5 x 105 CFU of S2308, S19, or RB51, as well as four different S2308 mutants supports the finding that reduced virulence correlates with survival Of IRF-1-/- mice. Therefore, these results suggest that IRF-1 regulation of multi-gene transcription plays a crucial role in controlling B. abortus infection, and IRF-1 mice could be used as an animal model to determine the degree of B. abortus virulence by examining death or survival. A3 Diagnostic Tests for Detection of B. melitensis Rev 1 (Kimron) In this project we developed an effective PCR tool that can distinguish between Rev1 field isolates and B. melitensis virulent field strains. This has allowed, for the first time, to monitor epidemiological outbreaks of Rev1 infection in vaccinated flocks and to clearly demonstrate horizontal transfer of the strain from vaccinated ewes to unvaccinated ones. Moreover, two human isolates were characterized as Rev1 isolates implying the risk of use of improperly controlled lots of the vaccine in the national campaign. Since atypical B. melitensis biotype 1 strains have been characterized in Israel, the PCR technique has unequivocally demonstrated that strain Rev1 has not diverted into a virulent mutant. In addition, we could demonstrate that very likely a new prototype biotype 1 strain has evolved in the Middle East compared to the classical strain 16M. All the Israeli field strains have been shown to differ from strain 16M in the PstI digestion profile of the omp2a gene sequence suggesting that the local strains were possibly developed as a separate branch of B. melitensis. Should this be confirmed these data suggest that the Rev1 vaccine may not be an optimal vaccine strain for the Israeli flocks as it shares the same omp2 PstI digestion profile as strain 16M.
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