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1
Osei-Amponsah, R., B. B. Kayang, A. Naazie, M. Tiexier-Boichard, and X. Rognon. "Phenotypic characterization of local Ghanaian chickens: egg-laying performance under improved management conditions." Animal Genetic Resources/Ressources génétiques animales/Recursos genéticos animales 56 (June 2015): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2078633615000041.
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SummaryEgg production performance of 571 local Ghanaian chickens and 107 SASSO T44 chickens kept under improved management conditions were analysed. Average egg weight, hen-day egg production and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were determined for the three experimental chicken ecotypes. Hen-day production was significantly (P< 0.05) higher in the savannah local chicken ecotype than the forest ecotype and SASSO T44 chickens. Egg weights of local Ghanaian chickens compared favourably with values reported for local chickens in Africa. On the average, SASSO T44 had significantly (P< 0.05) higher egg weights and feed intake compared with the local chicken ecotypes. The local chicken ecotypes on the other hand, had significantly (P< 0.05) better feed conversion ratios than SASSO T44 chicken. Local Ghanaian chicken ecotypes have a more efficient FCR per every unit of egg produced compared with the control population. Low feed intake, good feed conversion ratios and adaptation to the environment are traits local chicken harbour which can be exploited in future breeding programmes to improve on chicken meat and egg production in Ghana. Ghanaian local chickens could thus be a valuable genetic resource for the development of an efficient egg production chicken breed adaptable to the humid tropical climates.
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Prasetyo, Anang Febri, and Bayu Aminulloh Fatah. "Analisis Saluran Pemasaran Ayam Buras di Kabupaten Banyuwangi." Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan Terapan 2, no. 2 (August 7, 2019): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/jipt.v2i2.1424.
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The aim of the study was to determine the forms of marketing channels for local chickens, find out the size of the margins and the benefits of each party involved in the marketing of local chickens, find out the level of efficiency in each form of local chicken marketing channels in Banyuwangi regency. The number of respondents is as many as 195 respondents consisting of breeders, collectors, wholesalers, Chicken Slaughterhouses, retailers and consumers. The method used is descriptive analysis method and mathematical analysis. The results showed that there were 4 forms of marketing channels for local chickens in Banyuwangi Regency. Channel 1 (breeders to consumers), channel 2 (breeders, collectors and consumers), channel 3 (breeders, collectors, wholesalers and consumers), channel 4 (breeders, collectors, wholesalers, Chicken Slaughterhouses, retailers and consumers). The largest total marketing margin was in channel 4, which was Rp51,000.00 and the smallest total margin was in channel 1 of Rp0,00. The highest number of profits in the marketing of local chickens in Banyuwangi Regency was in channel 4 Chicken Slaughterhouse of Rp15,433.33 per chicken and the smallest profit in channel 2 traders is Rp5,893.37 per chicken, for the largest percentage of profit from the marketing of local chickens in the Regency Banyuwangi is in channel 4 Chicken Slaughterhouse at 31% and for the smallest percentage of profit is channel 1 farmer by 5%. The level of marketing efficiency of native chickens in Banyuwangi Regency based on marketing costs and marketing margins is declared efficient.
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Ngongolo, Kelvin, and Andrew Chota. "Effect of management systems, practices, flock size, and age group on the growth performance of chicks from local chickens farmers." Berkala Penelitian Hayati 27, no. 1 (August 2, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23869/bphjbr.27.1.20211.
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The improved growth performance of chicks determines the production efficiency of chicken to local chicken farmers. Little has been done to understand the contribution of management systems and practices to the growth performance of chicks from farmers who are involved in rearing local chickens in Dodoma. We focused on assessing how the growth performance of chicks (length and weight) from local chicken farmers is affected by management systems (Free range and semi-intensive systems), management practices such as water provision, supplement feeding, regular cleaning, flock size, and size of banda (hut) used to raise chickens. Data were collected for 8 rounds within 2 months (once per week) from 5 farmers in three wards: Nkuhungu (n=2), Mbwanga (n=2), and Mtube (n=1). In each round, data were collected from 10 chicks per farmer (n=400 chicks for all 8 rounds and 5 farmers). Kruskal Wallis was used to determine the variation in growth performance while generalized linear model was used to assess the effect of flock size, management system on the growth performance of chicks. Growth performance was significantly increased and affected by age (P<0.05). The management system significantly contributed to the growth performance of the chicks (P less than 0.001). In addition, the small size of the banda (hut) with large flock size reduced the growth performance of chicks due to increased competition in terms of space, supplements, water supplied, feed provided, and treatment (P less than 0.05). In raising local chicken, local farmers need to be concerned in applying management practices such as supplement feeding, treatment, flock size and size of huts.
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Manyelo, Tlou Grace, Letlhogonolo Selaledi, Zahra Mohammed Hassan, and Monnye Mabelebele. "Local Chicken Breeds of Africa: Their Description, Uses and Conservation Methods." Animals 10, no. 12 (November 30, 2020): 2257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10122257.
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There has been a research gap in the genetic, physiological, and nutritional aspects of indigenous chickens of Africa over the past decade. These chickens are known to be economically, socially, and culturally important to the people of Africa, especially those from marginalised communities. Although they are associated with poor productivity in terms of the number of eggs laid, most consumers prefer their flavoursome meat. Several local chickens have been classified into breeds or ecotypes, but many remain unidentified and are facing extinction. To prevent this, the Food and Agriculture Organization has launched an indigenous poultry conservation programme. In addition, the Agricultural Research Council in South Africa has established a programme to protect four local chicken breeds. The purpose of this review is to provide a detailed understanding of the description, uses and conservation methods of local chicken breeds of Africa. Several studies have been conducted on the nutritional requirements of local chickens, but the results were inconclusive and contradictory. This review concludes that local chickens play a significant role in improving livelihoods, and strategies to preserve and sustain them must be intensified.
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Sri, Soenarsih. "Local Community Knowledge of Productivity and Diversity of Chicken Phenotypes (Gallus gallus domesticus) as an Effort to Support Ternate's Community Food Security." Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Universitas Padjadjaran 19, no. 1 (September 12, 2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jit.v19i1.19746.
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Research with the title Local Community Knowledge of Productivity and Diversity of Chicken Phenotypes (Gallus gallus domesticus) as an Effort to Support Ternate's Community Food Security will be carried out with the aim of studying local knowledge about variations from local chickens, traditions in raising local chickens, and local chicken conservation efforts as studies beginning for the conservation of germplasm in supporting the food security of the people of Ternate City. This research will be carried out for 3 months. The location of the study was determined by purposive sampling with the provisions of the dominant research location having a local chicken population. The main material in this study were adult chickens, both male and female. Changing the phenotype of qualitative characteristics of chickens observed included: feather color, shank color (claw) and comb shape. To see the relationship between community knowledge about productivity and phenotype diversity, 67 interviewed native chicken farmers who are used to conducting selection in seed selection, based on their local knowledge system (LK). Operational Variables consist of independent variables and dependent variables. The independent variable is local knowledge of farmers with parameters: bones, feathers, combs, scales of feet, eyes, cloaca, anal bones, toes, head and back. While the dependent variable is the productivity of domestic chicken with parameters of average egg production per month during three months. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between local knowledge of the community and the level of egg production (P <0.01) with a correlation coefficient of 0.46. While for the phenotypic characterization of qualitative properties of free-range chicken in Ternate City, it is still quite diverse, both feather color, shank color and comb shape and do not yet have specific features that are firm, so that native chickens cannot be categorized as new varieties and selection to form superior and specific chicken varieties.
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Puspita, Utin Elsya, Hendry T. S. S. G. Saragih, Tety Hartatik, and Budi Setiadi Daryono. "Body Weight Gain and Carcass Quality of the Hybrid Chicken Derived from the Crossing between Female F1 Kampung Super and Male F1 Kampung-Broiler." Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology 6, no. 2 (June 4, 2021): 60934. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.60934.
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This research was conducted to observe the body weight gain and carcass quality of the hybrid chicken derived from the crossing between female F1 Kampung Super and male F1 Kampung-Broiler. The weekly weight gain for seven weeks and carcass quality, including breast yield, protein content, lipid content, moisture, and pH were measured with each group consists of six individuals. The chickens were slaughtered for meat quality measurements on the 7th week. The results showed that the hybrid chickens’ weight at the 7th week (888.22±139.63) was higher than layer (467.06±85.7) and pelung (436.39±42.33). The hybrid chicken’s breast yield (3.20%) was significantly higher than pelung’s (1.66%). These characteristics of hybrid chicken breast muscle lead to the conclusion that hybrid chicken is a potential alternative meat-type chicken with local chicken meat characteristics and has relatively fast growth.
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Akbar, Mizanul. "Analysis Factors Affecting the Demand and Supply of Free-range Chicken Meat in Pakpak Bharat Regency." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 986–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i1.1718.
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Food needs are basic human needs that must be met. One of the food needs comes from animal sources, the source of meat most consumed in Pakpak Bharat is local chicken. From the consumer side, the factors that affect the demand for local chicken include: the price of local chickens, the price of tilapia, population and income, and factors that affect the demand for local chicken include: the price of local chicken, the price of local chicken feed and the price of local chicken seeds. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that affect the demand and supply of local chickens in Pakpak Bharat Regency in 2010 - 2019, to forecast the production of local chicken in Pakpak Bharat Regency in 2020-2029. Data analysis was performed using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method with multiple linear regression estimation models using the help of the SPSS 20 program. The estimation results of the demand model are variables of tilapia meat prices (X2), population (X3), and per capita income (X4) has a positive and significant effect on the demand for local chicken (Y), while the price variable for local chicken meat (X1) has a negative and significant effect on the demand for local chicken meat (Y). The estimation results of the model offer variable price for local chicken meat (X1) have a positive and significant effect on the supply of local chickens (Y), while for the variable price of local chicken feed (X2) and the price of local chicken seeds (X3) have a negative and significant effect on offering local chicken meat (Y). Simultaneously, all variables of the demand and supply of local chicken meat have a positive effect. Resultthe projection trend of local chicken production in Pakpak Bharat Regency in 2020-2029 is a positive trend or has increased every year.
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Reksa, Talita Yuanda, Poedji Hastutiek, Hana Eliyani, Kusnoto Kusnoto, and Mufasirin Mufasirin. "The Prevalance of Gastrointestinal Tract Protozoa Using Fecal Examination in Local Chicken(Gallus domesticus) Located in Kramat Village, District of Bangkalan, Bangkalan Regency." Journal of Parasite Science 2, no. 1 (December 2, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jops.v2i1.16378.
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The aim of this research is to identify the prevalence of gastrointestinal track protozoa in local chicken (Gallus domesticus) located in Kramat Village, District of Bangkalan, Bangkalan Regency using fecal examination. The number of sample used were 140 including 70 samples from rice fields location and 70 samples from fisheries location. The result showed that 54 (38.6%) local chickens were infected by species of Eimeria; E. acervulina (2.5%), E. brunetti (22.8%), E. maxima (46.8%), E. mitis (1.3%), E. necatrix (22.8%), E. praecox (2.5%), and E. tenella (1.3%). The result was made of 16 (22.9%) local chickens in rice fields location and 38 (54.3%) local chickens in fisheries location. The infection of Eimeria sp. on male local chickens were 24 (34.3%) while on the female local chickens were 30 (42.9%). Chi Square Test showed that there was a highly significant difference toward the prevalence in rice fields and fishery locations (p<0.01), but there was no significant difference toward the prevalence of male and female local chickens (p>0.05).
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Muslim, Chairul, Adang Agustian, Resty P. Perdana, Rizma Aldillah, and Valeriana Darwis. "Constraints and benefits of KUB chicken cultivate in Central Java Province, Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 306 (2021): 02027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130602027.
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Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development has released the KUB (Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan) chicken to increase the contribution of local chickens to the national meat supply for community’s animal protein needs. This paper aims to determine the constraints and benefits of KUB chickens cultivating in Central Java Province. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive methods with qualitative and quantitative approaches. The R/C analysis results showed that breeders would get more significant profit by raising KUB chickens (2.38) compared to local native chickens (1.72). KUB chicken farming faces several obstacles, including suboptimal productivity of eggs and chicken meat, limited availability of KUB chicken seeds, inadequate location and size of the cage, attacks of poultry disease during the transition season and low access to bank credit. Therefore, it is advisable to cultivate KUB chickens in battery cages in a broader area to optimise the productivity and minimise mortality rates. The government can encourage seed resources management unit (UPBS) and collaborate with private companies and independent breeders to carry out KUB chicken breeding to increase the availability of KUB chicken seeds. The government is also expected to facilitate an access to bank credit for KUB chicken breeders, especially for business capital.
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WILSON, I. G. "Antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter in raw retail chickens and imported chicken portions." Epidemiology and Infection 131, no. 3 (December 2003): 1181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268803001298.
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Campylobacter isolates from raw retail chickens (n=434) sampled between 1998 and 2000 were tested for resistance to 12 antibiotics. Among 208 campylobacters tested, more than 90% of isolates were susceptible to 4 out of 9 antibiotics (nalidixic acid, erythromycin, chloramphenicol and gentamicin). Most campylobacters were resistant to 3 antibiotics and multiple resistance was found in 4%. Ciprofloxacin resistance was 11%. Campylobacter contamination (28%) in imported chickens (n=150) was almost half that found in local whole chickens (50%), but the resistance of imported isolates (n=42) was similar to that of local campylobacters. Resistance in isolates from imported chicken breasts was generally more common, but to only 4 antibiotics. Resistance patterns of chicken isolates were compared to human clinical isolates (n=494), and a greater similarity was found between the clinical and local isolates than with imported campylobacters. Lower chloramphenicol resistance was found in clinical Campylobacter isolates than in those from chicken sources.
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Erf, Gisela F., Gilles Le Pape, Sylvie Rémy, and Caroline Denesvre. "Mardivirus Infection and Persistence in Feathers of a Chicken Model Harboring a Local Autoimmune Response." Microorganisms 8, no. 10 (October 20, 2020): 1613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8101613.
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Herpesvirus of turkey (HVT) is commonly used as a vaccine to protect chickens against Marek’s disease. Following vaccination, HVT infects feathers where it can be detected in all chicken lines examined. Unlike the parental Brown line (BL), Smyth line (SL) chickens develop vitiligo, due to autoimmune destruction of melanocytes in feathers. Previous reports showed a strong inflammatory response in Smyth chickens’ feathers at vitiligo onset, that subsided once melanocytes were destroyed, and depigmentation was complete. Here, we questioned whether the local autoimmune response in the Smyth model influences HVT infection and persistence in feathers. For this, one-day-old SL and BL chickens were vaccinated with Newcastle disease (rHVT-ND). Vitiligo was scored and HVT loads in pigmented and non-pigmented growing feathers were quantified regularly over 20 weeks. Chickens of both lines showed moderate HVT loads in feathers. At the onset of active vitiligo, the HVT load was significantly higher in SL compared to BL feathers. However, no difference in HVT loads was noticed between pigmented and non-pigmented feathers from SL chickens. Therefore, surprisingly, the inflammatory response in feathers of SL chickens did not inhibit HVT infection and persistence, but on the contrary, temporarily promoted HVT infection in feathers.
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Hidayat, Nu'man, Chomsiatun Nurul Hidayah, and Aras Prasetiyo Nugroho. "Reduction Spermatozoa Motility and Viability on Various Local Chickens During Storage at 5℃." ANIMAL PRODUCTION 22, no. 3 (January 12, 2021): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2020.22.3.64.
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The research compared the changes motility and viability of sperm from various local chickens during storage at 5℃ for 72 hours. Semen was collected every three days using the dorsal-abdominal massage from twelve chickens consisting of Kedu, Sentul and Pelung chicken. semen was diluted in extender contains 90% lactate ringer and 10% egg yolk extender with 0.025% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 2% vitamin E (LREYSE). Sperm motility and viability was observed every 12 hours and the measurements were made up to 72 hours of storage. Complete random design repeated measurement with 4 replications was used in this study. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data and followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed sperm motility declined and sperm viability reduced during storage for all breeds. The significant declined of motility between breeds were only observed at 60 and 72 hours and the reduced viability between breeds was observed at 72 hours of storage. The declined sperm motility for Kedu chicken (31.59±3.26% and 75.36±1.25%) and Pelung chicken (36.11±4.05% and 75.83±5.34%) were significantly lower (p<0.05) than Sentul Chicken (50.39±2.60% and 95.00±5.00%) at 60 and 72 hours of storage respectively, while the decline sperm viability of Kedu chicken (57.59±3.64%) and Pelung chicken (54.39±5.73%) was significantly lower (p<0.05) than Sentul Chicken (90.30±9.70%) after 72 hours storage. It can be concluded that the reduction sperm motility and viability of Kedu and Pelung chicken is lower than Sentul chicken which are stored at 5℃ for 72 hours.
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WILLIAMS, KADINE, ELISABETH MOHAMMED, DEVIKA MAHARAJ, TERRY MOHAMMED, and AZAD MOHAMMED. "Total and Estimated Inorganic Arsenic Levels in Imported and Local Chicken Sold in Trinidad and Tobago." Journal of Food Protection 83, no. 4 (March 23, 2020): 710–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-437.
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ABSTRACT Arsenic contamination in chicken is a cause of concern because of the potential health problems that may arise. In Trinidad and Tobago, chicken consumption averages about 53.8 kg per person per year, and chicken accounts for 85% of all the meat consumed locally. Fourteen chicken samples of imported, locally grown, and local organically farmed chickens were obtained from poultry depots and local supermarkets and were analyzed in triplicate. The concentration of total arsenic in the imported chicken ranged from below the method detection limit (MDL) to 512.50 μg/kg, and the concentration in the locally produced chicken ranged between <MDL and 516.44 μg/kg. The estimated concentration of inorganic arsenic (iAs) in the imported chickens ranged between <MDL and 333.12 μg/kg, whereas in local chicken it ranged between <MDL and 335.68 μg/kg. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of iAs varies between 0 and 0.72 μg/kg/day. Five of the samples evaluated exceeded the tolerable limit of 0.3 μg/kg of body weight per day as set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. HIGHLIGHTS
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Nwaogwugwu, U. C., and U. H. Udoh. "Growth rates of main and reciprocal crosses of Isa Brown and local chickens." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 46, no. 2 (December 17, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v46i2.1.
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The absolute and relative instantaneous growth rates of F1 hybrid chickens were determined at 2- 10 and 12-20 week periods of growth. The hybrids were hatched from eggs laid by 69 Isa Brown and local chicken parents. A total of 123, 49 and 116 chicks of Isa Brown x frizzle feathered (IBxF), Isa Brown x naked neck (IBxNa) and Isa Brown x normal feathered IBxN) main crosses and 137, 42 and 64 chicks of frizzle feathered x Isa Brown (FxIB), naked neck x Isa Brown (Na x IB) and normal feathered x Isa Brown (NxIB) reciprocal crosses, respectively were produced at day-old. The greatest absolute growth rates of 49.44g/week at 2-10 weeks and 71.11 g/week at 12-20 weeks were obtained from IBxN and FxIB genotypes, respectively. Instantaneously, IBxNa had the greatest rate of 0.28 g/time at 2-10 weeks, while IB x F and Na x IB each at 12-20 weeks were found to grow at the greatest rate of 0.091 g/time, respectively. It was concluded that normal and naked neck genes could be utilised in main crosses to develop fast growing broiler chicks while frizzle and naked neck genes could be used in reciprocal crosses to improve good laying pullets without precocious maturity.
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Lumatauw, Sintje, and Muh Affan Mu’in. "A 24-bp Indel (Insertion-Deletion) Polymorphism in Promoter Prolactin Gene." ANIMAL PRODUCTION 18, no. 1 (November 13, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.anprod.2016.18.1.526.
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Prolactin in chicken (cPRL) is a polypeptide hormone that plays a crucial role in incubation and brooding behavior. This hormone is coded by a gene that located at chromosome 2. The objective of this study was to investigate 24-bp indel polymorphism in promoter prolactin gene of Papua local chickens. A number of 60 DNA samples came from 60 Papua local chickens (25 males and 35 females) were used in this study. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) method with a pair of specific primer was applied and a specific DNA fragment with 130 and/or 154 bp contained 24-bp indel was successfully amplified. Results of electrophoresis run on 1.5 % agarose gel showed three genotypes: II, ID and DD with the frequency of 6,7%, 48.3% and 45% respectively. The frequency of I allele was 0.31 and D allele was 0.69. Results indicated that the I allele frequency was medium in Papua local chickens population. Results therefore suggest that incubation behavior in hen population of Papua local chickens is easy to eliminate by increasing the I allele frequency in the population.
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Fikru Mersha, Sisay, and Ewonetu Kebede Senbeta. "Chicken Reproductive Performance in Ethiopia: Review." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 8, no. 8 (August 30, 2020): 1755–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i8.1755-1762.3501.
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To improve the reproductive performance; several scholars conducted research in different parts of Ethiopia on indigenous, crosses and exotic chickens. However, there were inconsistencies among the various studies. This review was, therefore, conducted to assess the reproductive characteristics of indigenous, exotic and their crosses. Under scavenging system, the indigenous chickens are characterized by less clutch size (2.7-4.2 per year), good hatchability rate (59.6-93.2%), higher mortality rates (25.3-61.15), and reach sexual maturity at advanced age (19.6-26.8 weeks for male; 19.7-34.05 weeks for female). The age at first mating and laying recorded for exotic and their crossbreeds were nearly similar to those of indigenous chickens. The hatchability rate of crossbreed chickens are varying from 54.7-78.7% and it is by far lower for exotic breeds. The exotic (18.83-53%) and crossbreed (9-40%) chickens are relatively better in survival rate than local chickens. Overall, the local chickens are better for their hatchability and have reproduction performance than exotic and crossbreed chickens. From this review, it is concluded that there is variation in chicken reproductive performance of the same breed in different parts of the country.
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Walugembe, Muhammed, James R. Mushi, Esinam N. Amuzu-Aweh, Gaspar H. Chiwanga, Peter L. Msoffe, Ying Wang, Perot Saelao, et al. "Genetic Analyses of Tanzanian Local Chicken Ecotypes Challenged with Newcastle Disease Virus." Genes 10, no. 7 (July 17, 2019): 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10070546.
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Newcastle Disease (ND) is a continuing global threat to domestic poultry, especially in developing countries, where severe outbreaks of velogenic ND virus (NDV) often cause major economic losses to households. Local chickens are of great importance to rural family livelihoods through provision of high-quality protein. To investigate the genetic basis of host response to NDV, three popular Tanzanian chicken ecotypes (regional populations) were challenged with a lentogenic (vaccine) strain of NDV at 28 days of age. Various host response phenotypes, including anti-NDV antibody levels (pre-infection and 10 days post-infection, dpi), and viral load (2 and 6 dpi) were measured, in addition to growth rate. We estimated genetic parameters and conducted genome-wide association study analyses by genotyping 1399 chickens using the Affymetrix 600K chicken SNP chip. Estimates of heritability of the evaluated traits were moderate (0.18–0.35). Five quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with growth and/or response to NDV were identified by single-SNP analyses, with some regions explaining ≥1% of genetic variance based on the Bayes-B method. Immune related genes, such as ETS1, TIRAP, and KIRREL3, were located in regions associated with viral load at 6 dpi. The moderate estimates of heritability and identified QTL indicate that NDV response traits may be improved through selective breeding of chickens to enhance increased NDV resistance and vaccine efficacy in Tanzanian local ecotypes.
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Ayim-Akonor, Matilda, Doreen Dela Owusu-Ntumy, Hilda Emefa Ohene-Asa, Agyekum Oduro-Abrokwa, Patricia Hammond, Michael Appenteng, and Daniel Annan. "Serological and Molecular Surveillance of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Infection in Free-Range Chickens and Guinea Fowls in the Ga-East District of Ghana." Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2018 (August 6, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4949580.
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Infectious bronchitis is an economically important disease with worldwide distribution. Information is available on the presence of infectious bronchitis virus in commercial chicken in parts of Ghana but there is no information on free-range poultry and guinea fowls in the country. Possible IBV infections among free-range chickens and guinea fowls in Abokobi and Frafraha communities in the Ga-East district of the Greater Accra Region of Ghana were investigated using serology and PCR. Blood, tracheal, and cloacal swabs were obtained from 219 free-range chickens and guinea fowls with no respiratory symptoms and no history of IBV vaccination. Sera were evaluated for IBV antibodies by ELISA using commercial IBV test kit from IDEXX, Inc., USA. Swab samples were evaluated for S1 glycoprotein gene by one-step RT PCR. All the swab samples tested negative for IBV. 16% of all tested sera were positive for IBV. IBV seroprevalence in guinea fowls was 0%. 21.2% of sera from local chickens were positive for IBV. The seroprevalence of IBV among local chickens from Frafraha was 30% and that of Abokobi was 7.7%. This study shows exposure of local chickens in the study communities to IBV.
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Putri, Asa Bela Sri Reformasi Nala, Gushairiyanto Gushairiyanto, and Depison Depison. "Karakteristik Kuantitatif dan Jarak Genetik Beberapa Galur Ayam Lokal." Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan dan Veteriner Tropis (Journal of Tropical Animal and Veterinary Science) 11, no. 2 (July 16, 2021): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.46549/jipvet.v11i2.110.
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Abstract
The research of this study aims to know quantitative characteristics and genetic distance of several local chicken strains. The research material is Super chicken, KUB chicken, and Kampung chicken. The method used was an experiment with a sample of 82 chickens from each strain. Retrieval of BW and AVG data are collected every month until the age of 2 months, while body measurements are taken at the age of 2 months. The data collected are quantitative characteristics includes body weight, weight gain, beak length, beak width, head length, head circumference, head height, neck length, neck circumference, wing length, back length, back height, back height, chest length, chest width, shank length, shank circumference, tibia length, tibia circumference, third finger length and pubic bone distance. Data collected were analyzed using t-test to see the difference in BB, PBB, and body measurements using Minitab statistical software 18. Mahalanobis distance approach with a matrix of variance between variables based on chicken strains was arranged into a matrix to determine the discriminant function and then form phylogenetic trees by using the MEGA X program via the UPGMA method. Body weight, average daily gain, and body sizes of Super chickens are bigger than other strains of chickens, while the smallest is owned by Kampung chickens. The closest genetic distance matrix was shown by Super chickens to KUB chickens (4.08) and the farthest genetic distance was shown by KUB chickens to Kampung chickens (13.87).
Keywords: Genetic distance; Local chicken; Quantitatif characteristic
Abstrak
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui karakteristik kuantitatif dan jarak genetik beberapa galur ayam lokal. Materi penelitian ini adalah ayam Super, ayam KUB, dan ayam Kampung. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen dengan sampel 82 ekor ayam jantan/betina yang dipelihara umur 1 hari sampai umur 2 bulan pada masing-masing galur. Pengambilan data BB dan PBB diambil pada setiap bulan hingga ayam berumur 2 bulan, sedangkan ukuran-ukuran tubuh diambil pada umur 2 bulan. Data yang dihimpun adalah karakteristik kuantitatif meliputi bobot badan, pertambahan bobot badan, panjang paruh, lebar paruh, panjang kepala, lingkar kepala, tinggi kepala, panjang leher, lingkar leher, panjang sayap, panjang punggung, tinggi punggung, panjang dada, lebar dada, panjang shank, lingkar shank, panjang tibia, lingkar tibia, panjang jari ketiga dan jarak tulang pubis. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis menggunakan uji-t untuk melihat perbedaan BB, PBB, dan ukuran-ukuran tubuh menggunakan perangkat lunak statistika Minitab 18. Pendekatan jarak Mahalanobis dengan matriks peragam antara peubah berdasarkan galur ayam disusun menjadi sebuah matriks untuk mengetahui fungsi diskriminan kemudian membentuk pohon filogenetik dengan menggunakan program MEGA X melalui metode UPGMA. BB, PBB, dan ukuran-ukuran tubuh ayam Super lebih besar dibandingkan dengan galur ayam lainnya, sedangkan yang paling kecil dimiliki oleh ayam Kampung. Nilai matrik jarak genetik terdekat ditunjukkan oleh ayam Super dengan ayam KUB (4,08) dan jarak genetik terjauh ditunjukkan oleh ayam KUB dengan ayam Kampung (13,87).
Kata Kunci: Ayam lokal; Jarak genetik; Karakteristik kuantiatif
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Ebangi, A. L., and S. N. Ibe. "HERITABILITIES OF AND GENETIC CORRELATIONS BETWEEN SOME GROWTH TRAITS IN NIGERIAN LOCAL CHICKENS." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 21 (January 3, 2021): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v21i1.1078.
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Heritabilities of and genetic correlations between body weight, shank length, keel length and breast width in a population of Nigerian local chickens at 6 weeks of age were estimatedusing a total of 170 chicks of both sexes obtained from 5 sires each mated to 4 dams by artifical insemination in a nested fashion. Average body weight, shank length, keel length and breast width at this age were 114.97g, 3.48cm, 3.35cm and 3.22cm, respectively.Genetic correlations between the traits were positive and high, ranging from 0.99 to 1.51. The moderate to high heritabilities (hs2) of these growth traits at 6 weeks point to the existence of an appreciable amount of additive genetic variance in the local chicken population and indicate that improvement in these traits can be brought about by intrapopulation selection. The high genetic correlations indicate the pleiotropic action of genes controlling these traits and that, by direct selection for any one of them, genetic improvement in the others will be realized as correlated responses.
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Buru, AS, GON Echeonwu, and AEJ Okwori. "Detection of Newcastle Diseases antibodies in birds in Jos, Bukuru and Environs using Agar-Gel Precipitation test." Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine 11, no. 2 (June 11, 2014): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v11i2.19121.
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Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV lasota) antibodies were surveyed. A serological study of 500 sera from local chicken, turkey, ducks and guinea fowl was carried out to determine the prevalence of Newcastle disease using Agar-gel precipitation technique. Samples were obtained from chickens slaughtered in Jos, Bukuru and environs. The samples were made up of 40 ducks, 50 turkeys, 20 guinea fowl and 390 local chickens. The precipitin antibodies were detected in ducks 7 (17.5%), turkey 12 (24.0%), guinea fowl 3 (15.0%), and local chickens 54 (13.9%). Of the 500 samples screened, a total of 76 (15.2%) were positive for NDV antibodies. Quantitative analysis of sero-positive samples in the four avian species tested yielded a range of antibody titres of 2-16. The importance of using cost effective technique for the detection of NDV carrier state in local birds has been highlighted.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v11i2.19121 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2013). 11 (2): 87-91
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Yaman, M. Aman, Zulfan Zulfan, and Andi Saputra. "Respon Pertumbuhan Ayam Lokal Pedaging terhadap Suplementasi Protein Isolasi Biji-bijian (PIB) dan Perbedaan Level Protein Ransum." Jurnal Agripet 9, no. 2 (October 1, 2009): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v9i2.630.
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The response of local meat chicken growth to supplementation of isolated grain protein and the difference in ration protein levelABSTRACT. A research which aims to determine the response of local meat chicken growth of protein supplementation with Isolation Grains Protein (IGB) and the difference in ration protein level has been conducted in the Laboratory of Experimental Farm, Animal Husbandry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University-Darussalam, Banda Aceh for 90 days. This study used a completely randomized design factorial with 2 factors, consisting of factors namely male gender (JJ) and female (JB) and the ration is a combination of factors and levels IGB in the ration, ie: treatment A: 17% protein and 0.4% IGB; treatment B 19% protein and 0.6% IGB and treatment C 21% protein and 0.8% IGB. Each combination consisted of 4 replications and each replication consists of 5 chickens. Parameters observed in the study were weight gain, achievement of final weight, consumption, conversion and efficiency of ration. DOC used a derivative result of selection of local meat chicken which are in the process of selection. Data acquired and processed by ANOVA.The results showed that supplementation of IGB and ration protein level difference was significantly effect (P 0.01) on weight gain, final weight, rate of consumption, conversion efficiency of rations and rations, but there is no interaction effect between sex and ration factors . The highest weight gain obtained in the male local chicken achieved by feeding a ration B (93.23 grams), while the hen rations achieved by providing treatment C (63.86 grams / week). The highest final body weight of male chicken on treatment B (1491.5 gram/90 days) and hens in treatment C (1061.5 gram/90 days). However, the highest ration consumption in both male and female local chickens obtained from the ration A. Feed conversion value and the best feed efficiency obtained in treatment B for the treatment of male and C for female chicken. The study concluded that there were different responses between male and female local chickens of the use of IGB in the rations. In male local chicken, IGB is more effective when added in the ration with a protein level of 19% whereas in female at the protein level of 21%.
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Leakalala Moloto, Mahlatse, and Solly Matshonisa Seeletse. "Some leading causes of emerging rural poultry small and medium enterprises failure in South Africa." Environmental Economics 7, no. 3 (October 21, 2016): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.07(3).2016.03.
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This study examines the factors that cause failures of many South African rural small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in poultry business. The research method was qualitative phenomenology using in-depth, semi-structured interviews to explore the factors considered by rural chicken SMEs owners to be causes of their business difficulties. The study revealed that these entrepreneurships knew chicken business only from the home-grown chickens, and the local poultry was usually providing only meat. Compared to the local chickens that were cheap to acquire and nurture, the commercial ones had to be purchased, nourished with purchased foods, supported with electricity light at night, and still, some died. It was much cheaper to raise indigenous chickens. The results indicate that rural poultry SMEs owners did not know that buying a commercial chick carries benefits that range from eggs, feathers, meat, and other chicken products. Also, after purchasing each chick, there are more additional investments needed to maintain the market standard. The study enlightens chicken entrepreneurs that they should, first, learn the insight of business, the poultry industry, and the context of the business they wish to pursue. Keywords: competition, formal market, informal business, SMEs, poultry, rural, tax. JEL Classification: Q13, O17
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Hamid, Penny Humaidah, Yuli Purwandari Kristianingrum, April Hari Wardhana, Sigit Prastowo, and Liliana Machado Ribeiro da Silva. "Chicken Coccidiosis in Central Java, Indonesia: A Recent Update." Veterinary Medicine International 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8515812.
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Avian coccidiosis is a huge problem worldwide. Heavily infected animals that show severe clinical signs and coccidiostat resistance are causing important economic losses. The present study aimed to update the recent cases of coccidiosis in Central Java, Indonesia, and to show the importance of the disease in the region. A total of 699 samples were obtained from different chicken breed. Different Eimeria species were detected in 175 individuals (25.04%). Three different groups of chicken breed were considered: local chicken (autochthonous chickens of Sentul and Jawa), commercial broiler, and layer. Broiler chickens showed the highest prevalence of infection (34%), followed by layer (26.26%) and local chickens (10.45%). Mild to severe clinical signs of avian coccidiosis were observed in 42% of the infected animals, while 58% of the infected animals showed no clinical signs other than low feed conversion rates. Seven different Eimeria species were identified: E. tenella was the most prevalent (43.3%), followed by E. maxima (26.3%), E. necatrix (15.7%), E. acervulina (8%), E. praecox (3.1%), E. mitis (2.2%), and E. brunetti (1.3%). Coinfections with several Eimeria species were diagnosed. With this study we found massive usage of coccidiostat in the region even though its usage cannot guarantee coccidiosis-free chicken production.
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Abdelqader, A., C. B. A. Wollny, and M. Gauly. "On-farm investigation of local chicken biodiversity and performance potentials in rural areas of Jordan." Animal Genetic Resources Information 43 (April 2008): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900002728.
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SummaryOn-farm surveys were conducted to investigate the biodiversity of local chickens and their performance potential. The study was carried out in rural areas of northern Jordan. A sample of 846 adult local chickens was phenotypically characterized based on morphology, feather colors, comb shape and performance. Body measurements for cluster analyses were recorded on 460 adult females. The most predominant chicken type was the Jordan Baladi (67.3%) followed by the Pakistani (27.7%) and the Brahma (5%). Cluster analyses showed that the three populations are distinct. The Jordan Baladi and the Pakistani were closer to each other than the Brahma. Plumage colors were observed either as single color or mottled (a mix of many colors). The latter was the most predominant (23.1 %) followed by black (19.5%) and light brownish (19.1%). The single comb type was the most predominant (80.3%). Hens of the local chicken reached sexual maturity at about 22-30 weeks of age. The average clutch number was 1-5 per year, with 18-30 eggs per clutch. Each hen laid on average 68.9±3.3 eggs per year. The body size of adult females and males was about 1 240±10g and 1 890±30g, respectively. Indiscriminate crossbreeding was taking place frequently. Genetic characterization would complement the phenotypic characterization and should be conducted. This would help to initiate a program for the preservation of genetic diversity in local chickens in Jordan.
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Akintunde, A. O., A. A. Toye, A. A. Ademola, and A. E. Jubril. "Correlation between body weight and morphometric traits in local and exotic chickens to dietary levels of Moringa oleifera (Lamarck) seed meal." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, no. 3 (December 17, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i3.112.
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Moringa oleifera (Lamarck) seed is a novel feedstuff that can be incorporated into poultry nutrition and a potential cheaper alternative than the current conventional feedstuff in Nigeria. The aim of the study was to determine the effect Moringa oleifera seed meal (MOSM) on the relationship between body weight and body morphometric parameters of local and exotic chickens. The total sum of one hundred and ninety two chickens comprising of ninety six Nigerian Ecotype local chickens and Marshall broiler chickens in four dietary treatments with three replicates (of eight birds per replicate for each genotype of chicken) per treatment. Four experimental diets containing 0, 5, 10 and 15 % MOSM were used. Data were analyzed using the Pearson Correlation model. The study showed that the association between morphometric parameters and body weights decreased significantly (p<0.05) with increasing levels of MOSM (r decreased from 0.72 to 0.52) however all the associations were positive which signified that the inclusion of MOSM influenced the level of relationship between body weight and body morphometric parameters. This study concluded that 5% dietary inclusion of MOSM would improve growth performance in YENLC and Marshall broiler chickens.
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Swayne, D. E., and R. D. Slemons. "Comparative Pathology of a Chicken-origin and Two Duck-origin Influenza Virus Isolates in Chickens: The Effect of Route of Inoculation." Veterinary Pathology 31, no. 2 (March 1994): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589403100211.
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Forty-nine 5–week-old chickens were inoculated by the intravenous (IV), intratracheal (IT), or intranasal (IN) routes with either a chicken-origin or one of two duck-origin type A influenza virus isolates. Twelve control chickens were inoculated with sterile chorioallantoic fluid. For all viruses, IV inoculation produced predominate lesions of renal tubule necrosis (nephrosis) and nephritis, and influenza virus nuclcoprotein was localized in nuclei and cytoplasm of necrotic renal tubule epithelium. Chickens inoculated by the IT route, and to a lesser extent the IN route, had mild to severe tracheitis, bronchitis, and ventromedial pneumonia associated with secondary bronchi but lacked renal tubule necrosis and nephritis. These data indicate low-virulence avian-origin influenza viruses were nephrotropic during simulated systemic infection (IV inoculation) and pneumotropic during simulated local infection (IT and IN inoculation). Gross and histologic kidney lesions produced by IV inoculation of the chicken-origin influenza virus were similar to changes reported in outbreaks of low-virulence influenza virus in laying chickens.
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Birteeb, Peter T., and Thomas Boakye. "Variant forms of qualitative traits of indigenous chickens reared under extensive system in Tolon District, Ghana." Animal Production Science 60, no. 5 (2020): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an19118.
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Context Rural chicken production in most developing countries is based mainly on scavenging systems with indigenous chickens that have not been properly characterised and classified into well-defined breeds. Aims This study was conducted to identify the variant forms of qualitative phenotypic traits of local chickens in Tolon District, northern Ghana. Methods About 320 adult birds were sampled and data collected by using observation and a chicken colour chart. Traits included head shape; comb type, size and colour; feather distribution; and earlobe, eye, plumage, skin and shank colours. Chi-squared goodness of fit test was used to test whether variant phenotypes of each qualitative trait were equally distributed. The hypothesis of no associations between pairs of traits was tested by using Cramér’s V. Key results There were highly significant (P < 0.01) differences in the distributions of variant phenotypes of all traits. The main comb type observed was single (85.9%), followed by pea (8.8%) and rose (5.3%). A majority of birds had small combs (57.8%), although others had medium (28.4%) and large (13.8%) combs. Females had small to medium combs, whereas males had medium to large combs. A majority of the chickens had white earlobe colour (60.3%), followed by pied red and white (22.5%). Feather distributions observed were normal feathered (84.4%), naked neck (8.4%) and frizzled (7.2%). Five plumage colours were observed, although some were in combinations. White plumage was the most common (22.5%), followed by black (18.8%), with brown/ash the least common (0.03%). Community was significantly (P < 0.01) associated with comb type, size and colour, and eye, shank and skin colours. Also, comb size was significantly associated with sex and comb type. Conclusions Generally, local chickens exhibited heterogynous phenotypes for qualitative traits. Local chickens in the district could be described as normally feathered with wide variation in plumage colours and having mainly single comb type. Implications The knowledge of these variant phenotypes and their associations will serve as baseline information for the characterisation and conservation of local chicken types. It could also provide guidelines in selecting bird ecotypes and/or communities for breed improvement programs in the study area.
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Hidayat, Cecep, and Sofjan Iskandar. "Weight estimation of empty carcass and carcass cuts weight of female SenSi-1 Agrinak chicken." Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner 22, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v22i1.1626.
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<p class="A04-abstrak3">SenSi-1 Agrinak chicken is Indonesian local chicken that was selected for growth rate for six generations. The aim of this study was to estimate of carcass weight and carcass cuts of female SenSi-1 Agrinak chicken, based on age and live weight. The chicks were reared intensively in colony wire cages and they were slaughtered with Islamic method when they reached age of 5, 8 and 15 weeks. Empty carcass and carcass cuts were weight in fresh. Data were analyzed using correlation and regression analysis method. Results showed that the live weight had a high positive correlation to carcass weight and carcass cuts weight of female SenSi-1 Agrinak chickens aged 5, 8 and 15 weeks. Estimation of live weight, carcass, carcass cuts, gizzard, liver and abdominal fat of female SenSi-1 Agrinak, using mathematical model, showed small value differences (0.09 - 4.43%) from the actual data. It was concluded that female SenSi-1 Agrinak chicken’s carcass weight and carcass cuts, could be estimated based on of age in days and live-body weight in gram without slaughtering.</p><p class="A04-abstrak3"><span lang="EN"> </span></p><p class="A04-abstrak3"> </p>
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Thi Huong-Anh, Nguyen, Dang Van Chinh, and Tran Thi Tuyet-Hanh. "Antibiotic Residues in Chickens and Farmers’ Knowledge of Their Use in Tay Ninh Province, Vietnam, in 2017." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 32, no. 2-3 (March 2020): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539520909942.
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Antibiotic residues in chicken meat samples is a serious public health concern due to their harmful effects on consumers’ health. We conducted this research in 2017 to determine antibiotic residues in chicken meat samples and to describe the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of farmers on the antibiotic uses in poultry farms at Tay Ninh province. Farmers who raised chickens at their farmhouses were surveyed using a KAP survey questionnaire, and 106 chicken meat samples were analyzed for 29 kinds of antibiotic residues. The results showed that 27.4% samples were positive with 11 kinds of 4 antibiotic groups: fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, tetracycline, and macrolides. A total of 50.9% farmers needed to improve their knowledge on the appropriate use of antibiotics. Although 54.7% famers had positive attitude, just 17% had good practices. It was recommended that the levels of antibiotic residues in chickens should be communicated to food safety and veterinary authorities, chicken farmers, and the general public. Enhancing the training and coaching for each group of farmers to improve their knowledge and practices on the appropriate use of antibiotics in raising chickens is needed. Local government should enhance the level of control and punishment for drug sellers and end users regarding the use of banned antibiotics in chickens.
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Atehmengo Ngongeh, Lucas, Amaechi Onyeabor, Emeka Nzenwata, and Gurama Kansalem Samson. "Comparative Response of the Nigerian Indigenous and Broiler Chickens to a Field Caecal Isolate of Eimeria Oocysts." Journal of Pathogens 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2674078.
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Response of Nigerian indigenous (local) and broiler chickens to experimental Eimeria infections was investigated by measures of clinical signs, packed cell volume (PCV), body weights (BW), feed consumption, faecal oocyst counts (oocyst per gram), and microscopic intestinal lesions. Three-week-old chickens of each breed received single pulse infections with 2500, 5000, and 100.000 sporulated Eimeria oocysts. Infected birds were dull and passed bloody diarrhoea. OPG showed a dose related response but no significant difference between groups (P>0.05). OPG was significantly higher in local chickens (P<0.05) and varied significantly with time (P<0.05). PCV declined significantly in infected birds within breeds and groups (P<0.05); however, the decline in PCV was significantly greater in broilers (P<0.05). Both breeds had significant BW gains (P<0.05). BW gain varied between groups being significantly higher in the uninfected control broilers than in the infected broilers (P<0.05). Comparatively, broilers gained significantly more BW than their local counterparts (P<0.05). Feed intake increased significantly with time (P<0.05) in both breeds. The Eimeria isolate was pathogenic to both breeds of chicken although clinical signs and lesions were more severe in indigenous chickens suggesting the breed’s more susceptibility.
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Duijvesteijn, Naomi, and Louis Perrault. "180 How dual-purpose chickens can help African smallholder farmers." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.375.
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Abstract Poultry constitutes an important economic activity for the rural poor in many African countries. Additionally in many rural families, poultry provides the family with a low cost, highly efficient and nutritious protein. Unfortunately, the smallholder farmers in rural areas often do not have access to these improved genetics. The access to an improved low-input and dual-purpose chicken to supplement the local indigenous breeds could transform the rural poultry enterprise. In some countries, investments are made to support the African Poultry Multiplication Initiative (APMI) or other comparable structures. The APMI generally operates through capable local private companies to establish a parent stock (PS) and hatchery operation for the supply of improved dual purpose chicken breeds to farmers in their communities. The day-old-chicks from the PS farm are transported to so called “Brooder Units” who will specialize in the brooding, feeding, and proper vaccination process for the first 30–40 days of the chicks life. Through this system, local smallholder farmers have access to improved genetics and the chickens have a high chance to survive due to their good start. Recently Hendrix Genetics received a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to further enhance the use of improved poultry genetics in rural Africa. The program named “Sustainable Access to Poultry Parent Stock for Africa (SAPPSA)” aims to 1) secure access of poultry parent stock, 2) grow the APMI-like initiatives within and across countries and 3) improve the dual purpose better breeds for African smallholder farmers. By securing access to high quality PS and improving the breeding program of dual-purpose breeds under African conditions, the APMI can be better implemented in African countries. It will result in 1) increase poultry production and productivity, 2) increase rural household income 3) improved household nutrition and 4) empowerment of women.
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Mpenda, Fulgence Ntangere, Christian Keambou Tiambo, Martina kyallo, John Juma, Roger Pelle, Sylvester Leonard Lyantagaye, and Joram Buza. "Association of LEI0258 Marker Alleles and Susceptibility to Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus Infection in Kuroiler, Sasso, and Local Tanzanian Chicken Embryos." Journal of Pathogens 2020 (April 8, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5187578.
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Newcastle disease (ND) control by vaccination and an institution of biosecurity measures is less feasible in backyard chicken in developing countries. Therefore, an alternative disease control strategy like the genetic selection of less susceptible chicken genotypes is a promising option. In the present study, genetic polymorphism of LEIO258 marker and association with susceptibility to virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection in Kuroilers, Sasso, and local Tanzanian chicken embryos were investigated. Samples from high (15%) and less (15%) susceptible cohorts were genotyped by sequencing of LEI0258 marker. A total of 75 DNA sequences comprised of 29 Kuroiler, 29 local Tanzanian chickens, and 17 Sasso were analyzed. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic trees were constructed to depict the clustering of LEI0258 marker alleles and relationship with susceptibility. Alleles with frequency ≥3 were considered for association with susceptibility by the use of the inference technique. The present findings suggest that some LEI0258 marker genetic polymorphisms apart from LEI0258 marker allelic based on sizes may be linked with chicken MHC-B haplotypes that confer chickens variability in resistance or susceptibility to infections. Furthermore, these results demonstrate the presence of relationship between LEI0258 marker polymorphisms and variations in chicken susceptibility to NDV infection, which could be utilized in breeding programs designed to improve chicken disease resistance.
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Neamah,, Ghusoon Abdul Kareem. "Determination of Depleted Uranium Concentration and Histopathological Changes in Local Iraqi Fish and Chickens." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 43, no. 2 (December 28, 2019): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v43i2.537.
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This study aimed to determine the concentration of depleted uranium and the main histopathological changes in local fish and chickens at a selected Iraqi area suspected to be polluted with uranium. Different locations of Al-Tuwaitha region (Southern of Baghdad) were surveyed randomly to collect a total of 15 samples from each animal species. The animals were sacrificed and dissected at the site of collection. Muscle samples were collected to determine uranium concentrations using nuclear fission track analysis with CR-39 detectors. For histopathological changes, sample tissues from fish (liver, gills, and kidney) and chickens (liver, kidney, and lung) were collected and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. The results showed that there was a significant elevation in uranium concentration in both fish and chicken muscles (1.94±0.77 µg/Kg and 2.19±0.82 µg/Kg, respectively) compared with recommended uranium concentration. Histopathological examination showed several effects included congestion and thickening of blood vessels walls, vacuolation, necrosis, fibrosis and inflammatory cells infiltration in most tissue section of collected organs. In conclusion, the uranium residues that found in both fish and chicken meats could raise the concerns about consumption of both animal species that had been bred in Al-Tuwaitha, and could be an indicator of environmental pollution with uranium in this region.
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Daikwo, I. S., A. A. Okpe, and J. O. Ocheja. "Phenotypic Characterization of Local Chickens in Dekina." International Journal of Poultry Science 10, no. 6 (May 15, 2011): 444–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2011.444.447.
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Huang, Zhi-Ling, and Yen-Pai Lee. "Aggressiveness Influences Behavioral Patterns of Local Chickens." Journal of Poultry Science 42, no. 1 (2005): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.42.30.
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MELDRUM, R. J., D. TUCKER, R. M. M. SMITH, and C. EDWARDS. "Survey of Salmonella and Campylobacter Contamination of Whole, Raw Poultry on Retail Sale in Wales in 2003." Journal of Food Protection 68, no. 7 (July 1, 2005): 1447–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.7.1447.
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A survey of the Salmonella and Campylobacter contamination of raw, whole chickens available to consumers in Wales was performed between March and December 2003. In total, 736 samples were taken, and overall contamination rates of 73.1% for Campylobacter and 5.7% for Salmonella were found. This survey follows a survey performed during 2001 to 2002 by Welsh local authorities and the National Public Health Service for Wales that established updated baseline rates for both pathogens in raw, whole chicken available to consumers in Wales. This survey indicated no difference in Campylobacter rates between fresh and frozen samples or between samples taken from retailers and local butchers, but significant differences existed in Salmonella rates between fresh and frozen samples and between those sampled from retailers and butchers, with frozen chickens and samples taken from retailers having significantly higher rates. However, the difference in Salmonella isolation rate between retailers and butchers was found to be due to the differences in the proportions of fresh and frozen chickens sampled from these locations, with a significantly higher number of frozen chickens (with a higher Salmonella rate) being sampled from retailers.
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Raji, T. B., and A. A. Toye. "Comparative behaviour of local and exotic chickens in tests of fearfulness, anxiety and cognition." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 41, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v41i1.2649.
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Behaviour affects performance and productivity of poultry birds especially chickens, some behavioural traits are advantageous in a particular production system and may be of disadvantage in another production system. The present study compared behavioural of Nigeria Local Chicken, NLC (two separate samples of 11 Yoruba Ecotype) and its Exotic counterparts (11 Broilers and 11 Pullets) by use of the Open Field (OFT), T-Maze, Forced Approach, and Voluntary Approach Tests (FAT and VAT respectively) during two phases of Growth (0-4 Weeks, and 4-8 weeks age respectively). The former group (NLC) is better adapted to extensive management in the Nigerian Guinea savannah than the latter Results showed that Yoruba NLC issued a significantly (p<0.05) higher number of distress calls than the Exotic genotypes in the OFT at age 7 and 48 days, and the NLC issued significantly more calls at 7 days age. Broilers exhibited significantly lower OFT Latency at 7 and 48 days, and Broilers traversed fewer squares and spent less time ambulating than other genotypes at 48 days age. Ina T-maze, Broilers showed significantly (p<0.05) lower exploratory behaviour than other groups (higher latency to leave the start box). In the FAT, NLC showed lower Latency to flight (p<0.05) than the Exotic genotypes. Ethological test results indicate differences in the behavioural characters exhibited by Yoruba NLC and Exotic Chickens and such differences could embody the basis of anecdotal differences in the rates of survival under extensive management conditions, and may be subjected to quantitative genetic selection in the ongoing effort to produce improved chickens that incorporate a combination of desirable traits from both Local and Exotic chickens.
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Salman, Ammar H., and Sarmad Alhadethy. "Antibacterial Residues in Some Imported Chickens to Iraq." NeuroQuantology 19, no. 8 (September 4, 2021): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2021.19.8.nq21126.
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In this study three of trademarks of frozen chickens imported to Iraq were chosen to study the antibacterials residues in the chicken meat. The three trade marks were TM1, TM2 and TM3. Three chickens of each trade mark were bought from local market of Baghdad, from each chick a piece of muscle was cut from the thigh and the chest and from each piece four samples were tested for antimicrobial residues by using four plate test (FTP). The results showed presence of antibacterials residues in 49% of tested samples. For TM2 and TM3 the positive samples were 62.5% and 83% respectively while no antibacterials residues detected for TM1. Concluded from this study the presence of antibacterials residues in imported chickens to Iraq.
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Perry-Gal, Lee, Adi Erlich, Ayelet Gilboa, and Guy Bar-Oz. "Earliest economic exploitation of chicken outside East Asia: Evidence from the Hellenistic Southern Levant." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 32 (July 20, 2015): 9849–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1504236112.
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Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is today one of the most widespread domesticated species and is a main source of protein in the human diet. However, for thousands of years exploitation of chickens was confined to symbolic and social domains such as cockfighting. The question of when and where chickens were first used for economic purposes remains unresolved. The results of our faunal analysis demonstrate that the Hellenistic (fourth–second centuries B.C.E.) site of Maresha, Israel, is the earliest site known today where economic exploitation of chickens was widely practiced. We base our claim on the exceptionally high frequency of chicken bones at that site, the majority of which belong to adult individuals, and on the observed 2:1 ratio of female to male bones. These results are supported further by an extensive survey of faunal remains from 234 sites in the Southern Levant, spanning more than three millennia, which shows a sharp increase in the frequency of chicken during the Hellenistic period. We further argue that the earliest secure evidence for economic exploitation of chickens in Europe dates to the first century B.C.E. and therefore is predated by the finds in the Southern Levant by at least a century. We suggest that the gradual acclimatization of chickens in the Southern Levant and its gradual integration into the local economy, the latter fully accomplished in the Hellenistic period, was a crucial step in the adoption of this species in European husbandry some 100 y later.
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Y. ASMARA, INDRAWATI, DANI GARNIDA, WIWIN TANWIRIAH, and RUHYAT PARTASASMITA. "Qualitative morphological diversity of female Pelung Chickens in West Java, Indonesia." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 20, no. 1 (December 4, 2018): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200115.
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Asmara IY, Garnida D, Tanwiriah W, Partasasmita R. 2019. Qualitative morphological diversity of female Pelung Chickens in West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 126-133. Pelung chickens are indigenous chickens in Indonesia derived from Cianjur District, West Java Province. The chickens which are raised as singing chickens have a distinctive body shape compared to other local chickens. Regular contests are conducted as a media to show singing ability and performance including morphological characteristics of Pelung chickens. Pelung keepers believe that the chickens inherited their singing capability from their parents. Pelung keepers perceived qualitative traits for example plumage color as an indicator of a good female breed. The objective of this study was to determine the qualitative traits of female Pelung Chickens in West Java. This study recorded comb type, color of eye, beak, skin, plumage and shank including traditional name related to the morphological traits. A survey was conducted to gather data involving 160 chickens in four districts in West Java Province, including Cianjur, Sukabumi, Bandung, and Garut Districts. The results showed that adult female Pelung chickens have similar qualitative characteristics except for plumage color. The majority of pelung chickens in Bandung, Garut, and Sukabumi have black plumage, while in Cianjur District have yellow-brown color. The chicken contest seems to be the main factor dictating keepers’ preferences in terms of plumage color in Bandung, Garut and Sukabumi Districts. This study indicates a decreasing variation in plumage color of female Pelung chickens. These findings are important in terms of breeding strategy of Pelung chickens.
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Rahman, Bayzer, Tahmina Begum, Yousuf Ali Sarker, Md Quamrul Hassan, Sukumar Saha, Mahmudul Hasan Sikder, and Md Abdul Awal. "Comparative efficacy of alcoholic extracts of black Peppers (Piper nigrum) and Chutra leaves (Urtica dioica) with Esb3 against coccidiosis in chickens." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 2, no. 1 (April 27, 2015): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v2i1.23043.
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The present study is undertaken to compare the efficacy of alcoholic extracts of Black Peppers (Piper nigrum ) and Chutra leaves (Urtica dioica ) with a patent drug Esb3 against coccidiosis in chicken. 16 Fayoumi breed chickens were collected from a local farm and divided into four groups; A, B, C and D, each consisting of four chickens, Group A (control), Group B (alcoholic extracts of Black Peppers @ 9ml/kg bd wt.), Group C (alcoholic extracts of Chutra leaves @ 9ml/kg bd wt.) and Group D ( Esb3 @ 1 ml/ liter drinking water). All the treated chickens were kept under close observation for 18 days and data was collected at 3 days interval. In group B, two chickens died within 4-7 days of treatment and in group C one chicken died on 5th day of medication. All the chickens of control group died within 5-7 days of medication. Oocyst was counted for per gram of feces in all groups. Biochemical parameters like SGPT and haematological parameters like Total erythrocyte count (TEC), Haemoglobin count (Hb), Packed cell volume (PCV), Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were determined. There were significant decrease in oocyst count in group B and C in compared to control and very few oocysts were present in faeces of 6 days onward of medication. All the chickens were survived in group D and oocyst started to disappear in the faeces from 3rd day onward of medication. Our study suggests Both Black Peppers and Chutra are effective against coccidiosis in chicken and Chutra is more effective than Black peppers.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(1): 117-124, April 2015
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Yin, Chun Guang, Ding Guo Cao, and Li Xin Du. "Mx Gene Polymorphism in Part Region of Eight Local Chicken Breeds." Applied Mechanics and Materials 108 (October 2011): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.108.297.
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In the study, theMxgene promoter, exon 1, exon 2, and exon 14 and intron 13 in eight Chinese local chicken breeds were examined. Amino acid 631 in the GED region was tested in eight Chinese local chicken breeds and two exotic breeds. The frequency of allele A was 0.1259 and the frequency of allele G was 0.8741. Meanwhile, induction of expression of theMxgene in chicken embryo fibroblasts was analyzed in the local chicken breed, Beijing-you and the exotic breed, White Leghorn.The semi-quantitative and quantitative results showed that the expression of theMxgene in White Leghorn was significantly different under different induction conditions. There was also a difference in the genotypic distribution of S631N in two breeds: allele A/G was 0.8471/0.1529 and 0.1613/0.8387 in White Leghorn and Beijing-you chickens, respectively. We speculate that the difference in the genotypic distribution has an effect onMxgene expression.
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Nolte, Tanja, Simon Jansen, Steffen Weigend, Daniel Moerlein, Ingrid Halle, Henner Simianer, and Ahmad Reza Sharifi. "Genotypic and Dietary Effects on Egg Quality of Local Chicken Breeds and Their Crosses Fed with Faba Beans." Animals 11, no. 7 (June 29, 2021): 1947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11071947.
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The quality of chicken eggs is an important criterion for food safety and the consumers’ choice at the point of sale. Several studies have shown that egg quality can be influenced by the chickens’ genotype and by the composition of the diet. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of faba beans as a substitute for soybeans in the diet of chickens originating from traditional low-performance breeds in comparison with high-performing laying type hens and their crosses on egg quality parameters. Chickens of six different genotypes were fed either with a feed mix containing 20% faba beans with high or low vicin contents or, as a control, a feed mix containing soybeans. The genotypes studied were the local breeds Vorwerkhuhn and Bresse Gauloise, as well as commercial White Rock parent hens and their crosses. Yolk weight, Haugh units, yolk and shell color, the frequency of blood and meat spots and the composition of the eggs were significantly influenced by the genotype. The feeding of faba beans had an effect on yolk and shell color, Haugh units and shell portion, while there was no significant influence on the frequency of blood and meat spots.
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Yun, Cheol H., Hyun S. Lillehoj, and Kang D. Choi. "Eimeria tenella Infection Induces Local Gamma Interferon Production and Intestinal Lymphocyte Subpopulation Changes." Infection and Immunity 68, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): 1282–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.3.1282-1288.2000.
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ABSTRACT The role of intestinal lymphocytes and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production in protective immunity to Eimeria tenellainfection was evaluated in two inbred strains of chickens (SC and TK) that display different patterns of susceptibility to coccidiosis. Oral inoculation of either strain with E. tenella led to parasite invasion of the intestinal cecum and cecal tonsils. Greater fecal oocyst shedding was seen in TK chickens. Flow cytometric analyses of cecal tonsil lymphocytes demonstrated greater numbers of CD4+ and T-cell receptor γδ-positive (TCR1+) cells in SC chickens and elevated numbers of CD8+ and TCR2+ cells in TK chickens following primary infection. IFN-γ mRNA expression was significantly increased in cecal tonsil and intraepithelial lymphocytes at days 6 and 8, respectively, after primary infection in SC compared to TK chickens. While no differences were noted between cecal tonsil lymphocytes of the two strains following secondary infection, TK chickens showed elevated IFN-γ transcript levels in intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes at this time. Selective depletion of CD4+, but not CD8+, cecal tonsil lymphocytes in SC chickens resulted in a reduced IFN-γ mRNA expression, indicating that CD4+ cells are the primary source of this cytokine. Collectively, these results indicate that local lymphocyte responses and production of IFN-γ are influenced by host genetic factors.
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McCulloch, John B., Jeb P. Owen, Nancy C. Hinkle, Bradley A. Mullens, and Jeremiah W. Busch. "Genetic Structure of Northern Fowl Mite (Mesostigmata: Macronyssidae) Populations Among Layer Chicken Flocks and Local House Sparrows (Passeriformes: Passeridae)." Journal of Medical Entomology 57, no. 1 (September 5, 2019): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz136.
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Abstract The northern fowl mite (NFM) Ornithonyssus sylviarum Canestrini and Fanzago is a blood-feeding ectoparasite found on many wild bird species and is a pest of poultry in the United States. It is unknown where NFM infestations of poultry originate, which has made it difficult to establish preventative biosecurity or effective control. We used microsatellite markers to evaluate genetic variation within and among NFM populations to determine routes of introduction onto farms and long-term persistence. We compared NFM from flocks of chickens (Gallus gallus) on different farms in California, Washington, and Georgia, and we compared NFM collected over a 5-yr interval. On three farms we collected NFM from chickens and house sparrows (Passer domesticus) nesting on each farm, which we used to assess movement between host species. There was strong genetic structure among mites from different poultry farms and low estimates of migration between farms. There were significant differences between mites on chickens and house sparrows on two farms where sparrows nested near flocks, indicating no exchange of mites. Only one farm showed evidence of NFM movement between chickens and sparrows. There was high genetic similarity between mites collected 5 yr apart on each of two farms, indicating that NFM infestations can persist for long periods. The genetic patterns did not reveal sources of NFM infestations on chicken farms. The data suggest that NFMs are strongly differentiated, which likely reflects periodic population declines with flock turnover and pesticide pressure.
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Pagala, Muhammad Amrullah, Achmad Selamet Aku, Rusli Badaruddin, and Hamdan Has. "Karakteristik Fenotip dan Genotip Gen GH (Growth Hormon) pada Ayam Tolaki." Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis 5, no. 2 (December 16, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33772/jitro.v5i3.4705.
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This study aims to improve the genetic quality of local chickens through genetic approaches and phenotypic characterization for selection purposes. The cGH gene (Chicken Growth Hormone) is one of the genes responsible for local chicken growth traits. Tolaki chicken is a local chicken from Southeast Sulawesi. This study uses the phenotyping method of production and genotyping traits with PCR technique. A total of 50 parents of tolaki chicken were kept 4 weeks. The results showed average body weight of tolaki chicken ranged from 1,395 kg - 1,910 kg, average body weight gain was 58,78 (g / head / week), feed consumption was 81,37 (g / head / day) and ration conversion 9,68. Body weight gain in males was slightly higher (60.30 g / head / mg) compared to females (58.42 g / head / mg). In this study, the presence of the tolaki chicken cGH gene was identified through DNA extraction and amplification through a PCR machine with a length of DNA section of 399 bp.
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Agaviezor, B. O., and C. S. Chukwuemeka. "Genetic diversity of pituitary transcription factor 1 (PIT 1) gene in Nigerian local and exotic chicken." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, no. 1 (December 19, 2020): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i1.172.
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This study was carried out to investigate the genetic diversity of PIT1 gene in Nigerian local and exotic chicken breeds. Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood of Isa brown, Shika brown and Naked neck chickens which was used to amplify the PIT1 gene and later sequenced. Sequences were aligned and analyzed using Mega 6.0 and DNASp. The results revealed that Naked neck had 181 monomorphic sites and the least was observed in Isa brown (34). However, Isa brown had the highest number of polymorphic site (181) and the least was observed in Shika brown. Singleton variable sites also varied across breeds. Number of segregating sites was highest in Isa brown (174). The highest number of haplotypes was observed in Isa brown (11). Highest number of indel sites were observed in Isa brown (46) chickens. The highest estimates of average evolutionary divergence over sequence pairs within chicken breeds was observed in Isa brown (0.766) and the least in Shika brown (0.15). The highest genetic distance is between Isa brown and Naked neck and the least between Naked neck and Shika brown. The result obtained from this study revealed a clearer understanding of the genetic diversity in PIT1 gene across the different breeds. This information can be harnessed for better policies for conservation and breeding programs.
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Sugito, Sugito, Fakhrurrazi Fakhrurrazi, and M. Isa. "Efek Pemberian Ekstrak Jaloh Dikombinasi dengan Probiotik dan Kromium Terhadap Profil Hematologi dan Titer Antibodi Vaksin ND pada Ayam Broiler yang Mengalami Stres Panas." Jurnal Agripet 11, no. 2 (October 1, 2011): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v11i2.368.
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The effect of jaloh extract combined with probiotic and chromium on the haematology profiles and ND antibody vaccine of broiler given heat stressABSTRACT. The purpose of this study is to determine the respons of chicken broiler under heat stress that given drinking water contained extract jaloh combined with probiotic and Cr mineral in the profile of haematology and antibody respons of Newcastle Disease vaccine. Twenty four of 20-day old Cobb broiler chickens were randomly assigned and devided to 6 treatment groups. Completely randomized design was used in this study. The treatments were as follows: 1) chickens under heat stress, given jaloh extract, probiotic, and chromium (P1); 2. chickens under heat stress, given jaloh extract and probiotic (P2); 3. chickens under heat stress, given jaloh extract and chromium (P3); chickens under heat stress, given jaloh extract (P4); 5. chickens under heat stress without given jaloh extract nor chromium and probiotic (P5); and 6. chickens given no heat stress and jaloh extract nor chromium and probiotic (P6). Extract jaloh dose applied is 1.000 mg/lt water, dose of probiotic is 108 cfu/lt drinking water, and chromium given in the form of chloride chromium with dose 1000 ug/lt water. Local heat stress is provided by increasing cage temperature to the range of 33.0 ± 1°C during 5 hours per day u within 15 days. Jaloh extract, probiotic, and chromium treatments in drinking water were given at 2 hour before cage temperature reaching 33 ± 1oC and were stopped being given after 1 hour, when cage temperature back to room temperature. Blood was taken before chickens were ethanuatiated. The result suggested that giving jaloh extract to combine it with probiotic, and chromium has no significant effect in hematology profile. When combined extract jaloh with chromium (Cr), has potencial capability to stimulate improvement built of antibody (as immunomodulator) on broiler chicken heat stress.
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RUGUMISA, BERNADETHER T., DOUGLAS R. CALL, GASPARY O. MWANYIKA, REHEMA I. MRUTU, CATHERINE M. LUANDA, BEATUS M. LYIMO, MURUGAN SUBBIAH, and JORAM J. BUZA. "Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Fecal Escherichia coli Isolates from Penned Broiler and Scavenging Local Chickens in Arusha, Tanzania." Journal of Food Protection 79, no. 8 (August 1, 2016): 1424–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-584.
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ABSTRACT We compared the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from household-level producers of broiler (commercial source breeds) and local chickens in the Arusha District of Tanzania. Households were composed of a single dwelling or residence with independent, penned broiler flocks. Free-range, scavenging chickens were mixed breed and loosely associated with individual households. A total of 1,800 E. coli isolates (1,200 from broiler and 600 from scavenging local chickens) from 75 chickens were tested for their susceptibility against 11 antibiotics by using breakpoint assays. Isolates from broiler chickens harbored a higher prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli relative to scavenging local chickens, including sulfamethoxazole (80.3 versus 34%), followed by trimethoprim (69.3 versus 27.7%), tetracycline (56.8 versus 20%), streptomycin (52.7 versus 24.7%), amoxicillin (49.6 versus 17%), ampicillin (49.1 versus 16.8%), ciprofloxacin (21.9 versus 1.7%), and chloramphenicol (1.5 versus 1.2%). Except for resistance to chloramphenicol, scavenging local chickens harbored fewer resistant E. coli isolates (P < 0.05). Broiler chickens harbored more isolates that were resistant to ≥7 antibiotics (P < 0.05). The higher prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli from broiler chickens correlated with the reported therapeutic and prophylactic use of antibiotics in this poultry population. We suggest that improved biosecurity measures and increased vaccination efforts would reduce reliance on antibiotics by these households.