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1

Hämmerle, Walter. Zwischen Konkurrenz und Konsens: Entscheidungsregeln im kommunalen politischen System. Leske + Budrich, 2000.

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2

Trust, American Farmland, ed. Survey of geographic information systems for natural resources decision making at the local level. The Trust, 1985.

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3

Brough, Richard. The design and construction of a decision-support system for planning local hospital services. typescript, 1985.

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4

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (Program), ed. Piloting local decision making in the development of a REDD+ compliant benefit distribution system for Viet Nam: Final report. UNREDD Programme, 2012.

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5

J, Adams Roy. Decision support systems in academic libraries. British Library, 1991.

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6

Washington (State). Division of Drinking Water., ed. Operating permits for drinking water systems: Information for water systems and local decision makers. Washington State Dept. of Health, Environmental Health Programs, Division of Drinking Water, 2004.

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7

Edner, Sheldon M. Urban decision making for transportation investments: Portland's light rail transit line. U.S. Dept. of Transportation, 1985.

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8

National Research Council (U.S.). Steering Committee on Space Applications and Commercialization., National Research Council (U.S.). Space Studies Board., and National Research Council (U.S.). Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences., eds. Using remote sensing in state and local government: Information for management and decision making. National Academies Press, 2003.

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9

National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board., ed. Information needs to support state and local transportation decision making into the 21st century: Proceedings of a conference, Irvine, California, March 2-5, 1997. National Academy Press, 1997.

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10

Shul'zhenko, Tat'yana, Andrey Zhuk, and Dar'ya Ivanova. Logistics of new urban mobility: a value-oriented approach. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1971850.

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The monograph reveals the provisions of a value-oriented approach to the management of logistics systems of public urban passenger transport, relevant to the conditions of a client-centered economy and aimed at increasing the sustainability of the functioning of the passenger transport complex of the city in the context of the development of alternative forms of urban mobility. The ideological basis of the author's concept of a value—oriented approach is the understanding of the duality of the recipient of the services of the logistics system of urban public passenger transport - passengers an
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11

Vagin, Vladimir, Milyausha Pinskaya, Nadezhda Gavrilova, and Natal'ya Shapovalova. Taxes of citizens in initiative budgeting. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1816637.

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The monograph is devoted to the analysis and evaluation of the productivity of the methodology of initiative budgeting in relation to taxation. The ways of involving citizens in public administration and budget decisions formed in Russian and foreign studies are revealed. It is shown that one of the promising practices of initiative budgeting can be the participation of citizens in decisions on the direction of part of the expenditures of local budgets for co-financing projects of initiative budgeting. It is revealed that additional positive effects arise in the form of increased motivation fo
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12

Osavelyuk, Aleksey, Elena Zabelina, Valeriy Nevinskiy, and Valentina Komarova. Differentiation of subjects of competence and powers in the system of public power. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1303022.

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The book, based on a large amount of factual and legislative material, analysis of decisions of domestic judicial bodies and the ECHR, shows the powers and functions of state and local self-government bodies in the conditions of differentiation of subjects of competence and powers to ensure the most effective solution of tasks in the interests of the population. The paper examines foreign experience and the regulation of these issues by international law. 
 
 The textbook is prepared taking into account the Law of the Russian Federation on the Amendment to the Constitution of the Rus
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13

Office, General Accounting. Social Security Administration: More effort needed to assess consistency of disability decisions : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Social Security, Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives. GAO, 2004.

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14

U. S. Government Accountability Offi Gao. Climate Information: A National System Could Help Federal, State, Local, and Private Sector Decision Makers Use Climate Information. Independently Published, 2019.

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15

Lidström, Anders. Swedish Local and Regional Government in a European Context. Edited by Jon Pierre. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199665679.013.51.

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Although Swedish local government shares a set of traits that are common to all other European local government systems, it stands out, in many respects, as unique. The particular combination of local responsibility for costly tax-financed national welfare policies, strong and mainly nationally organized political parties at local level, consistent decision-making collectivism, and a type of representative democracy that leaves little room for means of direct democracy make Sweden different. These features are intertwined, reflecting core values of the Scandinavian welfare model. Although many
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16

Kukovič, Simona, and Miro Haček. Peculiar Evolution of Slovenian Local Government. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781978734210.

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After Slovenia's independence in 1991 from Yugoslavia, the introduction of local government was one of the most challenging tasks in the new country, as it meant a radical change from the socialist municipal system to the classical European type of local government. Simona Kukovic and Miro Hacek offer a comprehensive analysis of the functioning of local government from historical, normative, systemic, and dynamic perspectives. The authors analyze the historical-normative foundations of the existence of local government and, building on this, examine the functional dynamics of the central organ
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17

Diaz, Clive. Decision Making in Child and Family Social Work. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447354444.001.0001.

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This book presents new research on the extent to which parents and children participate in decision making when childcare social workers are involved and it considers two key meetings in depth: child protection conferences and child in care reviews. There is currently a great deal of interest in how social workers can work more effectively with families and in particular give children a voice. There is also considerable public and media interest in the child protection system, in particular relating to how children are safeguarded by social workers. This book will argue that unless we listen t
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18

Beyond Maps: GIS Decision Making in Local Government. ESRI Press, 2000.

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19

Dean, Rebecca M. Fauna and the emergence of intensive agricultural economies in the United States Southwest. Edited by Umberto Albarella, Mauro Rizzetto, Hannah Russ, Kim Vickers, and Sarah Viner-Daniels. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199686476.013.36.

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The Hohokam of Arizona, USA, created one of the most intensive agricultural systems in North America. Their hunting economy intensified along with the agricultural system, but intensification (measured through the diversification of hunting strategies) was mitigated by a variety of processes, not all of which are easily understood by traditional methods of measuring intensification, such as diet breadth models. Hunting intensification was limited by constraints placed on hunters due to agricultural labour needs, and affected by changes in local landscapes for agricultural purposes. The hunting
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20

Parpworth, Neil. 16. Tribunals, inquiries, and the ombudsmen remedy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198810704.003.0016.

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This chapter begins by distinguishing between tribunals and inquiries. A tribunal is a permanent body that sits periodically, while an inquiry is something which is established on an ad hoc basis. Tribunals are empowered to make decisions that are binding on those parties subject to their jurisdiction; inquiries generally do not have formal decision-making powers. Tribunals are concerned with matters of fact and law, whereas inquiries are concerned with wider policy issues. The discussion then turns to the reform of the tribunal system, the former Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council,
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21

Water basics for decision makers: What local officials need to know about water and wastewater systems. American Water Works Association, 2008.

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22

Phelps, Charles E., and Guru Madhavan. Making Better Choices. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190871147.001.0001.

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Making Better Choices is about how we make decisions together and the tools we use to get to those decisions. We make joint decisions out of necessity because the choices we make affect each other. Each decision we take has a consequence. This book reinforces why we need better systems design and analyses given the consequences of our decisions. It is also about carefully thinking about the values of the choices we make, whether they occur in a small meeting of individuals in a local association or community or in a national election. It will illuminate the differences between sincere behavior
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23

Purcell, Carl. The Politics of Children's Services Reform. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447348764.001.0001.

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Comparative research has identified two broad types of child welfare system. In child protection systems the principal remit of welfare agencies is to identify and respond to actual or potential incidences of child abuse or maltreatment. In contrast family service systems are characterised by a stronger spirit of partnership between the state and families and an emphasis on working to prevent the need for coercive state intervention. This book examines the development of children’s services reform in England over recent decades to explain a shift from family service polices towards a narrower
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24

Carson, Lyn, and Brian Martin. Random Selection in Politics. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216004707.

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How might the entire citizenry of a country make the decisions that affect them? Carson and Martin provide the first accessible and comprehensive overview of random selection as a possible process for transforming our modern political systems. Building on the theoretical work of the likes of John Burnheim and Fred Emery and drawing on their own work with social action groups, they outline a set of methods that go beyond the mere tapping of community opinion to reveal not only preferences but a more active role in creating the community. Random selection, as Carson and Martin show, has been use
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25

Santoro, Calogero, and Mauricio Uribe. Inca Imperial Colonization in Northern Chile. Edited by Sonia Alconini and Alan Covey. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190219352.013.38.

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In this chapter, the authors argue that the rapid, extensive, and efficient expansion of the Inca into northern Chile was not the consequence of random decisions. On the contrary, the cases studies presented show strategic geopolitical decision-making aimed to reduce conflict for resources and land between local leaders and foreign polities. These indigenous leaders and foreign imperial representatives became active agents in the promotion and implementation of the state programs. The case studies explored comprise Zapahuira, Tarapacá Viejo, and Catarpe. By transforming the economic, political
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26

Wampler, Brian, and Michael Touchton. Voice in Local Development. Oxford University PressOxford, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/9780198930624.001.0001.

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Abstract Many governments in semi-democratic regimes have adopted participatory democratic institutions to promote development and accountability. But limited resources, weak civil society, and a history of authoritarian politics make building subnational democratic institutions daunting. Our book addresses several important questions surrounding participatory democratic institutions: Do participatory institutions expand accountability, empower citizens, and advance development in these environments? We address these questions by evaluating citizen decision-making in Kenya’s participatory budg
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27

Rozell, Mark J., and Clyde Wilcox. Federalism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190900052.001.0001.

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Federalism: A Very Short Introduction provides a concise overview of the principles and operations of federalism, the political system defined by power sharing between a national government and its subnational units, from its origins and evolution to the key events and constitutional decisions that have defined its framework. While the primary focus is on the United States, a comparative analysis of other federal systems, including those of Australia, Brazil, Canada, India, Nigeria, and Switzerland, is provided. The role of federal government is explained alongside the critical roles of state
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28

Lavariega Monforti, Jessica, ed. Latinos in the American Political System. ABC-CLIO, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400677304.

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This encyclopedia provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of Hispanic Americans engaged in U.S. politics, from increased visibility as governors and other lawmakers at the local, state, and federal levels to their growing importance as a voting constituency. This encyclopedia comprehensively surveys the evolution of Latina/o engagement in US politics as voters, candidates, lawmakers, and public officials. It is an authoritative resource for public library patrons, high school students, and undergraduates in a variety of curricular studies, including political science, civics, Americ
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29

Jacoby, Joan E., and Edward C. Ratledge. The Power of the Prosecutor. Praeger, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400699818.

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In this book, readers will take a fascinating journey with local prosecutors as they seek to obtain reasonable and appropriate case dispositions while preventing abuse and misuse of the law and protecting the civil rights of their jurisdictions. Prosecutors have a powerful and generally little-understood role in the criminal justice system. Their important powers include accepting or rejecting cases, making decisions about dismissing charges, or moving cases to disposition and recommending a sentence—all of which can critically affect not only individuals but society through their ability to s
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30

Egreteau, Renaud. Patterns of Persistent Praetorian Behaviors. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190620967.003.0005.

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This chapter shifts its focus away from the euphoric optimism that emerged after 2011 and instead looks at one of the more enduring realities of contemporary Myanmar: the continuing dominance of the military institution despite the disbanding of the junta in 2011. The Tatmadaw remains a key policy actor as the “last resort decision-maker” in the new post-junta hybrid system. As crises emerge, threats escalate and local contentious politics grow uncontrollable, the armed forces continue to decisively intervene. The Tatmadaw has also secured a “post-junta” legislative role through the constituti
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31

Pierceson, Jason. LGBTQ Americans in the U.S. Political System. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216976639.

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This comprehensive sourcebook covers the evolution of LGBTQ engagement in American politics, from the emergence of gay rights as a political issue in the early 1970s to the present day, when LGBTQ issues occupy a prominent place in politics. This work provides a broad and authoritative survey of the ways in which gay Americans are influencing the tenor and trajectory of U.S. politics at the local, state, and national levels. An encyclopedic section offers thorough coverage of all of the individuals, organizations, cultural forces, political issues, and legal decisions that have combined to ele
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32

Pierceson, Jason. LGBTQ Americans in the U.S. Political System. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216976622.

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This comprehensive sourcebook covers the evolution of LGBTQ engagement in American politics, from the emergence of gay rights as a political issue in the early 1970s to the present day, when LGBTQ issues occupy a prominent place in politics. This work provides a broad and authoritative survey of the ways in which gay Americans are influencing the tenor and trajectory of U.S. politics at the local, state, and national levels. An encyclopedic section offers thorough coverage of all of the individuals, organizations, cultural forces, political issues, and legal decisions that have combined to ele
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33

Smalskys, Vainius, and Jolanta Urbanovič. Civil Service Systems. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.160.

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Civil service consists of civil servants and their activity when implementing the assigned functions and decisions made by politicians. In other words, it is a system of civil servants who perform the assigned functions of public administration. The corpus of civil servants consists of people who work in central and local public administration institutions. The concept and scope of civil service in a particular country depends on the legal framework that defines the areas of public and private sectors and their relationship. In many countries, civil service consists of an upper level, a mid-le
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34

Garb, Louis, and Richard Norridge, eds. International Succession. 5th ed. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198870463.001.0001.

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This book seeks to provide an easy-to-use analysis of the rules of succession applicable to particular jurisdictions and to explain how those rules inter-relate with other jurisdictions at an international level. It follows a standard format and is based upon a uniform and comprehensive questionnaire that is intended to elicit coverage of the significant issues that may arise in any particular jurisdiction. The book also provides a brief survey of the relevant local legal system, and considers variations to the local legal system when foreign elements come into play. It also delves into the ef
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35

Bond, Johanna. The Challenges of Parity: Increasing Women’s Participation in Informal Justice Systems within Sub-Saharan Africa. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829621.003.0007.

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This chapter argues that gender parity should be a priority for both formal governance structures and traditional authorities in sub-Saharan African countries. The path to gender parity within traditional decision-making authorities in the region, however, may be a long one. Efforts to achieve gender parity within traditional institutions are more likely to succeed when they involve local initiatives to facilitate women’s participation in public life and community problem-solving rather than top-down legislative requirements. Efforts to more fully integrate women in positions of public authori
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36

Schmidt-Thomé, Philipp. Climate Change Adaptation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.635.

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Climate change adaptation is the ability of a society or a natural system to adjust to the (changing) conditions that support life in a certain climate region, including weather extremes in that region. The current discussion on climate change adaptation began in the 1990s, with the publication of the Assessment Reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Since the beginning of the 21st century, most countries, and many regions and municipalities have started to develop and implement climate change adaptation strategies and plans. But since the implementation of adaptation
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37

Soares, Renata Araújo. O Estado de coisas inconstitucional e a calamidade do sistema penitenciário: Diretrizes constitucionais para uma política transversal de segurança pública. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-320-6.

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The present dissertation aims to establish, initially, a scientific correspondence between the State of Unconstitutional Things, previously recognized by the Supreme Federal Court on September 9th, 2015, in the judgment of the allegation of fundamental precept’s violation nº 347 and the continuous calamity in the penitentiary system of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, which was decreed in March 2015 and persists until 2018. From the link proposed here, the local factual elements which, together, characterize a scenario of serious systemic violations of human rights will be analyzed – through
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38

Lewandowski, Carla, and Jeff Bumgarner, eds. Criminal Justice in America. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216963394.

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This authoritative set provides a comprehensive overview of issues and trends in crime, law enforcement, courts, and corrections that encompass the field of criminal justice studies in the United States. This work offers a thorough introduction to the field of criminal justice, including types of crime; policing; courts and sentencing; landmark legal decisions; and local, state, and federal corrections systems—and the key topics and issues within each of these important areas. It provides a complete overview and understanding of the many terms, jobs, procedures, and issues surrounding this gro
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39

Lewandowski, Carla, and Jeff Bumgarner, eds. Criminal Justice in America. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216963400.

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This authoritative set provides a comprehensive overview of issues and trends in crime, law enforcement, courts, and corrections that encompass the field of criminal justice studies in the United States. This work offers a thorough introduction to the field of criminal justice, including types of crime; policing; courts and sentencing; landmark legal decisions; and local, state, and federal corrections systems—and the key topics and issues within each of these important areas. It provides a complete overview and understanding of the many terms, jobs, procedures, and issues surrounding this gro
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40

Weihs, Jean. Standard Cataloging for School and Public Libraries. 3rd ed. Libraries Unlimited, Inc., 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216994138.

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Designed to introduce cataloging students, beginning catalogers, copy catalogers, and department administrators to cataloging, classification, and indexing principles, this work offers a solid foundation for standard practices of cataloging and bibliographic control in the United States and Canada. The authors examine pertinent issues regarding bibliographic services, including the computerization of bibliographic systems (both large networks and local systems), and they review the major considerations in decision making about cataloging and classification, shelving, and public catalogs. In ad
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41

Tazzara, Corey. Institutions, Information, and the Invention of Free Trade. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791584.003.0004.

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Chapter 3 shows that the legislative framework erected by the Medici was full of lacunae and uncertainties. A system of supplications, or personal requests for ducal favor, was responsible for elaborating the theory and practice of the free port in the first half of the century. Although the central government played a formal role in resolving requests, in practice local officials made decisions in particular cases. The supplications functioned according to a bureaucratic logic that tended willy-nilly to serve the interests of the growing business community in Livorno: foreigners of any ethno-
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42

Gibson, James L., and Michael J. Nelson. Questions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190865214.003.0007.

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We have investigated the differences in support for the U.S. Supreme Court among black, Hispanic, and white Americans, catalogued the variation in African Americans’ group attachments and experiences with legal authorities, and examined how those latter two factors shape individuals’ support for the U.S. Supreme Court, that Court’s decisions, and for their local legal system. We take this opportunity to weave our findings together, taking stock of what we have learned from our analyses and what seem like fruitful paths for future research. In the process, we revisit Positivity Theory. We prese
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43

Katia, Yannaca-Small. Part VI The Post-Award Phase, 27 Annulment of ICSID Awards: Is it Enough or Is Appeal around the Corner? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198758082.003.0027.

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The International Centre for Settlement of Investment Dispute (ICSID) Convention prevents domestic courts from reviewing any decisions issued by ICSID panels. ICSID awards are therefore immune from challenges brought before national courts which may have a local bias or be subject to the influence of the host government. This chapter discusses (i) the scope and application of annulment of ICSID awards under the ICSID Convention; (ii) the grounds for annulment; (iii) the stay of enforcement as a requirement that often accompanies an application for annulment; and, (iv) the proposals related to
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44

Datz, Giselle. Sovereign Debt Default. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.299.

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Sovereign borrowing and debt default have long been a part of a nation’s existence. Sovereign debt defaults (that is, the suspension of interest or principal payment on due debt) were common from the sixteenth century, when Edward III declared a default after military defeat in 1340, to the nineteenth century, when Latin American countries defaulted on some of their debts. Early loans were made in the form of repayable taxes until the system evolved to allow for sovereign loans, transparent enough that secondary markets for these debts were soon developed. A government may default on its debt
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45

Theobald, Brianna. Reproduction on the Reservation. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469653167.001.0001.

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This pathbreaking book documents the transformation of reproductive practices and politics on Indian reservations from the late nineteenth century to the present, integrating a localized history of childbearing, motherhood, and activism on the Crow Reservation in Montana with an analysis of trends affecting Indigenous women more broadly. As Brianna Theobald illustrates, the federal government and local authorities have long sought to control Indigenous families and women's reproduction, using tactics such as coercive sterilization and removal of Indigenous children into the white foster care s
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46

O’Connor, David E. Deciphering Economics. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400638503.

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This compact yet comprehensive guide provides a wealth of information that is timely, easy to understand, and relevant to the academic and civic lives of students, teachers, researchers, and the general public. Economics surround us, impacting the decisions people make as consumers, producers, workers, savers, investors, taxpayers, and voters. This guide offers a thorough and understandable overview of basic economic concepts and principles, providing building blocks for understanding the systems of economics in today's complex world. It then explores contemporary, economics-related topics, is
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47

Prati, Raquel, and Olga Olevsky. Breast Cancer Staging and Treatment. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0012.

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Breast carcinomas are a heterogeneous group of diseases that can be further characterized based on their histology, biomarkers, and molecular profiles. These characteristics, gathered during disease staging, provide crucial information with regard to treatment decisions. Staging has evolved from informing the operability of breast tumors to providing prognostic information, and consequently helping establish local and systemic treatment guidelines. This chapter provides a succinct overview of breast cancer staging and treatment. Topics covered include the histological classification of breast
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48

Rademaker, Linnea L., and Elena Y. Polush. Evaluation and Action Research. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197620823.001.0001.

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Today’s societies require research approaches that are creative, responsive to the complexity of human interactions, sensitive to cultural and contextual diversity, inclusive in all processes, rooted in engagement and critical dispositions, and situated within local contexts. Action research and evaluation are human inquiries into human-designed and -populated systems. Both modes of inquiry generate actionable data in specific contexts to facilitate positive social change and to further social justice. This book explores the potential of integrating action research and evaluation frameworks in
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49

Xue, Xinran. The Book of Secrets. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781399406703.

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The story of a family in modern China with a history of deceit, betrayal and political intrigue, and the communist party's long shadow over them, from the Cultural Revolution to today. Following the lives of military intelligence officer Jie and his wife Moon, The Book of Secrets weaves recently found material into a narrative that not only illuminates the shadowy world of intelligence in China, but also the emotional tragedies that political extremism inflicted on those working within. Drawing on Jie’s own vivid biography of his youth, Xinran pieces together his trajectory as he joins the gre
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50

Blithe, Sarah Jane, Anna Wiederhold Wolfe, and Breanna Mohr. Sex and Stigma. NYU Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479859290.001.0001.

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Wrapped in moral judgments about sexual conduct and shrouded in titillating intrigue, legal prostitutes in Nevada’s brothels frequently face oppression and unfair labor practices while managing stigma and isolation associated with their occupational identities. Rooted in organizational communication and feminist theories, this book engages with stories of women living and working in these “hidden” organizations to interrogate issues related to labor rights, stigma, secrecy, privacy, and discrimination in the current legal brothel system. Widespread beliefs about the immorality of selling sexua
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