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Journal articles on the topic 'Local gauge symmetry'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Arag∼ao de Carvalho, C., and L. Baulieu. "Local topological gauge symmetry." Physics Letters B 275, no. 3-4 (1992): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(92)91596-2.

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2

ABE, M., and N. NAKANISHI. "SUPERSYMMETRIC EXTENSION OF LOCAL LORENTZ SYMMETRY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 04, no. 11 (1989): 2837–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x89001138.

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The locally [Formula: see text]-symmetric extension of the vierbein formalism of the Einstein gravity is systematically reconstructed. The superconnection is defined by the requirement that the vierbein supermultiplet and the [Formula: see text] “vielbein” one have vanishing supercovariant derivatives. By using the superconnection, the globally super-invariant gauge-fixing Lagrangian density and the corresponding FP-ghost one are explicitly constructed. Then the theory is shown to be invariant under the extended BRS symmetry corresponding to the local [Formula: see text] symmetry.

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3

Li, Zhi-Bing, and Xiao-Wei Liu. "Random Neural Network with Local Gauge Symmetry." Communications in Theoretical Physics 18, no. 4 (1992): 495–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0253-6102/18/4/495.

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4

Guendelman, E. I., E. Nissimov, and S. Pacheva. "Volume-preserving diffeomorphisms' versus local gauge symmetry." Physics Letters B 360, no. 1-2 (1995): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(95)01109-4.

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5

FLORES-BAEZ, F. V., J. J. GODINA-NAVA, and G. ORDAZ-HERNANDEZ. "QUANTUM FIELD THEORY TOOLS: A MECHANISM OF MASS GENERATION OF GAUGE FIELDS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 21, no. 06 (2006): 1307–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x06025213.

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We present a simple mechanism for mass generation of gauge fields for the Yang–Mills theory, where two gauge SU (N)-connections are introduced to incorporate the mass term. Variations of these two sets of gauge fields compensate each other under local gauge transformations with the local gauge transformations of the matter fields, preserving gauge invariance. In this way the mass term of gauge fields is introduced without violating the local gauge symmetry of the Lagrangian. Because the Lagrangian has strict local gauge symmetry, the model is a renormalizable quantum model. This model, in the

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6

Eguchi, Tohru, and Hiroaki Kanno. "Five-dimensional gauge theories and local mirror symmetry." Nuclear Physics B 586, no. 1-2 (2000): 331–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0550-3213(00)00375-8.

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7

Govorkov, A. B. "New local formulation of parastatistics and gauge symmetry." Nuclear Physics B 365, no. 2 (1991): 381–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0550-3213(05)80026-4.

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8

Lyakhovich, S. L., and A. A. Sharapov. "Normal forms and gauge symmetry of local dynamics." Journal of Mathematical Physics 50, no. 8 (2009): 083510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3193684.

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9

Jian-Feng, Ma, and Ma Yong-Ge. "Local Poincaré Symmetry in Gauge Theory of Gravity." Communications in Theoretical Physics 51, no. 5 (2009): 843–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0253-6102/51/5/17.

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10

Skarke, Harald. "Non-perturbative gauge groups and local mirror symmetry." Journal of High Energy Physics 2001, no. 11 (2001): 013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2001/11/013.

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11

Furui, S., R. Kobayashi, and M. Nakagawa. "Gauge interaction of baryons in hidden local symmetry." Il Nuovo Cimento A 108, no. 2 (1995): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02816745.

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12

MIN, HYUNSOO, and T. YANAGIDA. "HIDDEN LOCAL SYMMETRIES IN EXTENDED ABBOTT-FARHI MODELS." Modern Physics Letters A 01, no. 10 (1986): 565–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732386000713.

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It is shown that the low-energy physics of an extended Abbott-Farhi model with two scalar doublets is described by a nonlinear sigma model based on SP (4)/ SU (2)× SU (2), which possesses an SU(2) gauge invariance as a hidden symmetry. This raises the interesting possibility of identifying the weak bosons observed at the collider experiments with the composite gauge bosons associated to such a hidden local symmetry.

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13

MALIK, R. P. "NEW LOCAL SYMMETRY FOR QED IN TWO DIMENSIONS." Modern Physics Letters A 15, no. 34 (2000): 2079–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732300002681.

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A new local, covariant and nilpotent symmetry is shown to exist for the interacting BRST invariant U(1) gauge theory in two dimensions of space–time. Under this new symmetry, it is the gauge-fixing term that remains invariant and the corresponding transformations on the Dirac fields turn out to be the analogue of chiral transformations. The extended BRST algebra is derived for the generators of all the underlying symmetries, present in the theory. This algebra turns out to be the analogue of the algebra obeyed by the de Rham cohomology operators of differential geometry. Possible interpretatio

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14

Noga, M. "Local non-abelian gauge symmetry of the Hubbard model." Czechoslovak Journal of Physics 43, no. 12 (1993): 1223–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01590190.

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15

Xue, She-Sheng, and Sara Signorelli. "Impossibility of maintaining local gauge symmetry on a lattice." Physics Letters B 313, no. 3-4 (1993): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(93)90011-6.

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16

CASANA, R., and B. M. PIMENTEL. "COMMENTS ON REGULARIZATION AMBIGUITIES AND LOCAL GAUGE SYMMETRIES." Modern Physics Letters A 20, no. 25 (2005): 1933–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732305017044.

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We study the regularization ambiguities in an exact renormalized (1 +1)-dimensional field theory. We show a relation between the regularization ambiguities and the coupling parameters of the theory as well as their role in the implementation of a local gauge symmetry at quantum level.

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17

XU, KAI-WEN, and CHUAN-JIE ZHU. "SYMMETRY IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL GRAVITY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 06, no. 13 (1991): 2331–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x91001143.

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We study the symmetry of two-dimensional gravity by choosing a generic gauge. A local action is derived which reduces to either the Liouville action or the Polyakov one by reducing to the conformal or light-cone gauge respectively. The theory is also solved classically. We show that an SL (2, R) covariant gauge can be chosen so that the two-dimensional gravity has a manifest Virasoro and the sl (2, R)-current symmetry discovered by Polyakov. The symmetry algebra of the light-cone gauge is shown to be isomorphic to the Beltrami algebra. By using the contour integration method we construct the B

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18

Nussinov, Z., and J. Zaanen. "Stripe fractionalization I: The generation of king local symmetry." Journal de Physique IV 12, no. 9 (2002): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:20020405.

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This is part one in a series of two papers dedicated to the notion that the destruction of the topological order associated with stripe phases is about the simplest theory controlled by local symmetry: Ising gauge theory. This first part is intended to he a tutorial- we will exploit the simple physics of the stripes to vividly display the mathematical beauty of the gauge theory. Stripes, as they occur in the cuprates, are clearly `topological' in the sense that the lines of charges are at the same time domain walls in the antiferromagnet. Imagine that the stripes quantum melt so that all what

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19

FUJIKAWA, KAZUO. "GEOMETRIC PHASES, GAUGE SYMMETRIES AND RAY REPRESENTATION." International Journal of Modern Physics A 21, no. 26 (2006): 5333–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x06033799.

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The conventional formulation of the nonadiabatic (Aharonov–Anandan) phase is based on the equivalence class {eiα(t)ψ(t,x)} which is not a symmetry of the Schrödinger equation. This equivalence class when understood as defining generalized rays in the Hilbert space is not generally consistent with the superposition principle in interference and polarization phenomena. The hidden local gauge symmetry, which arises from the arbitrariness of the choice of coordinates in the functional space, is then proposed as a basic gauge symmetry in the nonadiabatic phase. This reformulation reproduces all the

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20

Pang, Yi, and Ergin Sezgin. "On the consistency of a class of R -symmetry gauged 6 D N = (1,0) supergravities." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 476, no. 2240 (2020): 20200115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2020.0115.

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R -symmetry gauged 6 D (1, 0) supergravities free from all local anomalies, with gauge groups G × G R where G R is the R-symmetry group and G is semisimple with rank greater than one, and which have no hypermultiplet singlets, are extremely rare. There are three such models known in which the gauge symmetry group is G 1 × G 2 × U (1) R , where the first two factors are ( E 6 / Z 3 ) × E 7 , G 2 × E 7 and F 4 × Sp (9). These are models with single tensor multiplet, and hyperfermions in the (1, 912), (14, 56) and (52, 18) dimensional representations of G 1 × G 2 , respectively. So far, it is not

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21

Yamawaki, Koichi. "Hidden local symmetry and beyond." International Journal of Modern Physics E 26, no. 01n02 (2017): 1740032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301317400328.

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Gerry Brown was a godfather of our hidden local symmetry (HLS) for the vector meson from the birth of the theory throughout his life. The HLS is originated from very nature of the nonlinear realization of the symmetry [Formula: see text] based on the manifold [Formula: see text], and thus is universal to any physics based on the nonlinear realization. Here, I focus on the Higgs Lagrangian of the Standard Model (SM), which is shown to be equivalent to the nonlinear sigma model based on [Formula: see text] with additional symmetry, the nonlinearly-realized scale symmetry. Then, the SM does have

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22

FUJIKAWA, KAZUO, and HIROAKI TERASHIMA. "QUANTUM AND CLASSICAL GAUGE SYMMETRIES IN A MODIFIED QUANTIZATION SCHEME." International Journal of Modern Physics A 16, no. 10 (2001): 1775–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x01003044.

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The use of the mass term as a gauge fixing term has been studied by Zwanziger, Parrinello and Jona-Lasinio, which is related to the nonlinear gauge [Formula: see text] of Dirac and Nambu in the large mass limit. We have recently shown that this modified quantization scheme is in fact identical to the conventional local Faddeev–Popov formula without taking the large mass limit, if one takes into account the variation of the gauge field along the entire gauge orbit and if the Gribov complications can be ignored. This suggests that the classical massive vector theory, for example, is interpreted

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23

Zohar, Erez, and Michele Burrello. "Building projected entangled pair states with a local gauge symmetry." New Journal of Physics 18, no. 4 (2016): 043008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/18/4/043008.

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24

Bando, M., T. Kugo, S. Uehara, K. Yamawaki та T. Yanagida. "Is theρMeson a Dynamical Gauge Boson of Hidden Local Symmetry?" Physical Review Letters 54, № 12 (1985): 1215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.54.1215.

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25

Kull, Ilya, Andras Molnar, Erez Zohar, and J. Ignacio Cirac. "Classification of matrix product states with a local (gauge) symmetry." Annals of Physics 386 (November 2017): 199–241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aop.2017.08.029.

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26

BAUTISTA, R., J. MUCIÑO, E. NAHMAD-ACHAR, and M. ROSENBAUM. "CLASSIFICATION OF GAUGE-RELATED INVARIANT CONNECTIONS." Reviews in Mathematical Physics 05, no. 01 (1993): 69–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129055x93000036.

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Connection 1-forms on principal fiber bundles with arbitrary structure groups are considered, and a characterization of gauge-equivalent connections in terms of their associated holonomy groups is given. These results are then applied to invariant connections in the case where the symmetry group acts transitively on fibers, and both local and global conditions are derived which lead to an algebraic procedure for classifying orbits in the moduli space of these connections. As an application of the developed techniques, explicit solutions for SU (2) × SU (2)-symmetric connections over S2 × S2, w

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27

YASUÈ, MASAKI. "COMPOSITE WEAK BOSONS ASSOCIATED WITH TRANSMUTED GAUGE SYMMETRY." Modern Physics Letters A 04, no. 09 (1989): 815–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732389000952.

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It is shown, from the complementarity viewpoint, that the “flavor” SU (2) L -invariant four Fermi interactions generating composite weak bosons, W and Z, possess a local “color” [Formula: see text] symmetry, which is confined. Through the transmutation of the “color” [Formula: see text] symmetry, the [Formula: see text]-triplet gauge particles are converted into the SU(2)L-triplet composite weak bosons.

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28

Monnier, Samuel. "Topological field theories on manifolds with Wu structures." Reviews in Mathematical Physics 29, no. 05 (2017): 1750015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129055x17500155.

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We construct invertible field theories generalizing abelian prequantum spin Chern–Simons theory to manifolds of dimension [Formula: see text] endowed with a Wu structure of degree [Formula: see text]. After analyzing the anomalies of a certain discrete symmetry, we gauge it, producing topological field theories whose path integral reduces to a finite sum, akin to Dijkgraaf–Witten theories. We take a general point of view where the Chern–Simons gauge group and its couplings are encoded in a local system of integral lattices. The Lagrangian of these theories has to be interpreted as a class in a

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29

MOHAMMEDI, N., G. MOULTAKA, and M. RAUSCH DE TRAUBENBERG. "FIELD THEORETIC REALIZATIONS FOR CUBIC SUPERSYMMETRY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 19, no. 32 (2004): 5585–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x04019913.

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We consider a four-dimensional space–time symmetry which is a nontrivial extension of the Poincaré algebra, different from supersymmetry and not contradicting a priori the well-known no-go theorems. We investigate some field theoretical aspects of this new symmetry and construct invariant actions for noninteracting fermion and noninteracting boson multiplets. In the case of the bosonic multiplet, where two-form fields appear naturally, we find that this symmetry is compatible with a local U(1) gauge symmetry, only when the latter is gauge fixed by a 't Hooft–Feynman term.

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30

SAMAJ, L. "DUAL PROPERTIES OF LATTICE SYSTEMS WITH BROKEN Z2 SYMMETRY." Modern Physics Letters B 05, no. 14n15 (1991): 961–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984991001180.

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The dual properties of Ising and gauge systems in arbitrary dimensions which global or local Z2 symmetry is broken by an applied field are studied. The concept of the ghost spin enables one to construct a duality transformation which maps an arbitrary (originally Z2 symmetric) model in a nonzero field onto the corresponding theory whose Z2 symmetry is also broken by an applied field. The analysis of the structure of the duality transformation shows that the presence of a field effectively increases the lattice dimension by one.

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31

Nakazawa, Naohito. "The extended local gauge invariance and the BRS symmetry in stochastic quantization of gauge fields." Nuclear Physics B 335, no. 3 (1990): 546–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(90)90517-h.

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32

RHO, MANNQUE. "COLD COMPRESSED BARYONIC MATTER WITH HIDDEN LOCAL SYMMETRY AND HOLOGRAPHY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 25, no. 27n28 (2010): 5040–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x10050846.

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I describe a novel phase structure of cold dense baryonic matter predicted in a hidden local symmetry approach anchored on gauge theory and in a holographic dual approach based on the Sakai-Sugimoto model of string theory. This new phase is populated with baryons with half-instanton quantum number in the gravity sector which is dual to half-skyrmion in gauge sector in which chiral symmetry is restored while light-quark hadrons are in the color-confined phase. It is suggested that such a phase that aries at a density above that of normal nuclear matter and below or at the chiral restoration poi

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33

FARAKOS, K. "EFFECTIVE POTENTIAL FOR LIFSHITZ-TYPE z = 3 GAUGE THEORIES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 27, no. 29 (2012): 1250168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x12501680.

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We consider the one-loop effective potential at zero temperature in Lifshitz-type field theories with anisotropic space–time scaling, with critical exponent z = 3, including scalar, fermion and gauge fields. The fermion determinant generates a symmetry breaking term at one loop in the effective potential and a local minimum appears, for nonzero scalar field, for every value of the Yukawa coupling. Depending on the relative strength of the coupling constants for the scalar and the gauge field, we find a second symmetry breaking local minimum in the effective potential for a bigger value of the

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34

Mil, Alexander, Torsten V. Zache, Apoorva Hegde, et al. "A scalable realization of local U(1) gauge invariance in cold atomic mixtures." Science 367, no. 6482 (2020): 1128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz5312.

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In the fundamental laws of physics, gauge fields mediate the interaction between charged particles. An example is the quantum theory of electrons interacting with the electromagnetic field, based on U(1) gauge symmetry. Solving such gauge theories is in general a hard problem for classical computational techniques. Although quantum computers suggest a way forward, large-scale digital quantum devices for complex simulations are difficult to build. We propose a scalable analog quantum simulator of a U(1) gauge theory in one spatial dimension. Using interspecies spin-changing collisions in an ato

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35

Varshovi, Amir Abbass. "Axial symmetry, anti-BRST invariance, and modified anomalies." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 13, no. 09 (2016): 1650121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887816501218.

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It is shown that, anti-BRST symmetry is the quantized counterpart of local axial symmetry in gauge theories. An extended form of descent equations is worked out, which yields a set of modified consistent anomalies.

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36

Tang, Yong, and Yue-Liang Wu. "Inflation in gauge theory of gravity with local scaling symmetry and quantum induced symmetry breaking." Physics Letters B 784 (September 2018): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.07.048.

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37

CORNISH, N. J. "NEW METHODS IN QUANTUM NON-LOCAL FIELD THEORY." Modern Physics Letters A 07, no. 21 (1992): 1895–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732392001609.

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Functional methods are developed which serve to simplify greatly the calculations in quantum non-local field theory (QNFT). The techniques also serve to give an insight into the underlying structure of QNFT. We show that a transformation can be defined which relates the QNFT Lagrangian to its local antecedent. We prove that the non-local extension of the local gauge symmetry can be obtained by applying this transformation to the local gauge transformation. The utility of this method is demonstrated by an explicit application to both scalar electrodynamics and Yang-Mills field theory.

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38

ZET, G., V. MANTA, and C. BANDAC. "EXACT SOLUTIONS FOR SELF-DUAL SU(2) GAUGE THEORY WITH AXIAL SYMMETRY." Modern Physics Letters A 16, no. 11 (2001): 685–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732301003796.

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A model of SU(2) gauge theory is constructed in terms of local gauge-invariant variables defined over a four-dimensional space–time endowed with axial symmetry. A metric tensor gμν is defined starting with the components [Formula: see text] of the strength tensor and its dual [Formula: see text]. The components gμν are interpreted as new local gauge-invariant variables. Imposing the condition that the new metric coincides with the initial metric we obtain the field equations for the considered ansatz. We obtain the same field equations using the condition of self-duality. It is concluded that

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39

KALINOWSKI, M. W. "MINIMAL COUPLING SCHEME FOR DIRAC’S FIELD IN THE NONSYMMETRIC THEORY OF GRAVITATION." International Journal of Modern Physics A 01, no. 01 (1986): 227–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x86000113.

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The paper is devoted to the problem of minimal coupling between geometry (gravity) in Moffat’s theory of gravitation and the Dirac field. We obtain a Lagrangian, its hidden local gauge symmetry and a gauge derivative for the spinor field.

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40

Nattermann, P. "Symmetry, local linearization, and gauge classification of the Doebner-Goldin equation." Reports on Mathematical Physics 36, no. 2-3 (1995): 387–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-4877(96)83634-2.

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41

Zhu, X. Q., F. C. Khanna, and S. S. M. Wong. "The hidden gauge symmetry in the Lagrangian with local chiral bosons." Il Nuovo Cimento A 101, no. 4 (1989): 563–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02848080.

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42

Todorov, Ivan. "Gauge Symmetry and Howe Duality in 4D Conformal Field Theory Models." Advances in Mathematical Physics 2010 (2010): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/509538.

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It is known that there are no local scalar Lie fields in more than two dimensions. Bilocal fields, however, which naturally arise in conformal operator product expansions, do generate infinite Lie algebras. It is demonstrated that these Lie algebras of local observables admit (highly reducible) unitary positive energy representations in a Fock space. The multiplicity of their irreducible components is governed by a compact gauge group. The mutually commuting observable algebra and gauge group form a dual pair in the sense of Howe. In a theory of local scalar fields of conformal dimension two i

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43

NAUS, H. W. L., J. W. BOS, and J. H. KOCH. "GAUGE INVARIANCE AND WARD-TAKAHASHI IDENTITY IN QUANTUM MECHANICS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 07, no. 06 (1992): 1215–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x92000521.

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In a Lagrange formulation of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics gauge invariance corresponds to a local U(1) symmetry of the Lagrangian density. We review how this gauge symmetry yields the electromagnetic interaction of the free and the locally interacting N-body system and why nonlocal interactions require additional exchange contributions. A nonrelativistic Ward-Takahashi identity is then derived. This relates electromagnetic operators to the full propagator of the particles in question, which may be off their energy shell.

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44

Ptashynskiy, D. A., T. M. Zelentsova, N. O. Chudak, et al. "Multiparticle Fields on the Subset of Simultaneity." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 64, no. 8 (2019): 732. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe64.8.732.

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We propose a model describing the scattering of hadrons as bound states of their constituent quarks. We build the dynamic equations for the multiparticle fields on the subset of simultaneity, using the Lagrange method, similarly to the case of “usual” single-particle fields. We then consider the gauge fields restoring the local internal symmetry on the subset of simultaneity. Since the multiparticle fields, which describe mesons as bound states of a quark and an antiquark, are two-index tensors relative to the local gauge group, it is possible to consider a model with two different gauge field

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45

Yasmin, Safia, and Anisur Rahaman. "On the BRST and finite field-dependent BRST of a model where vector and axial vector interactions get mixed up with different weights." International Journal of Modern Physics A 31, no. 32 (2016): 1650171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x16501712.

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The generalized version of a lower dimensional model where vector and axial vector interactions get mixed up with different weights is considered. The bosonized version of which does not possess the local gauge symmetry. An attempt has been made here to construct the BRST invariant reformulation of this model using Batalin–Fradlin and Vilkovisky formalism. It is found that the extra field needed to make it gauge invariant turns into Wess–Zumino scalar with appropriate choice of gauge fixing. An application of finite field-dependent BRST and anti-BRST transformation is also made here in order t

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46

BASKARAN, G., and R. SHANKAR. "ON THE GAUGE THEORY OF THE RESONATING VALENCE BOND STATES." Modern Physics Letters B 02, no. 11n12 (1988): 1211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984988001156.

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In this brief report we review some of the basic concepts involved in the gauge theory approach to the Resonating Valence Bond State of strongly correlated electronic systems. Some general consequences of the local gauge symmetry on the nature of excitations are also discussed.

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47

Baleanu, Dumitru. "About Fractional Calculus of Singular Lagrangians." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 9, no. 4 (2005): 395–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2005.p0395.

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In this paper the solutions of the fractional Euler-Lagrange quations corresponding to singular fractional Lagrangians were examined. We observed that if a Lagrangian is singular in the classical sense, it remains singular after being fractionally generalized. The fractional Lagrangian is non-local but its gauge symmetry was preserved despite complexity of equations in fractional cases. We generalized four examples of singular Lagrangians admitting gauge symmetry in fractional case and found solutions to corresponding Euler-Lagrange equations.

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48

ABE, MITSUO. "SUPERSYMMETRIC EXTENSION OF LOCAL LORENTZ SYMMETRY IN THE VIERBEIN FORMALISM OF EINSTEIN GRAVITY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 05, no. 17 (1990): 3277–334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x90001458.

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The supersymmetric extension of local Lorentz symmetry in the vierbein formalism is presented in detail. In contrast to supergravity, this new supersymmetry is purely internal, that is, totally irrelevant to general coordinate transformations. Because of its non-Poincaré nature, the degrees of freedom of bosons and fermions need not be equal and it is unnecessary to introduce gravitino. Instead, it is important to introduce a new type of nonlinear realization, called “ξ-field realization”. The Einstein Lagrangian density is trivially superinvariant and the Dirac theory can be supersymmetrized.

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NIROV, KH S. "CONSTRAINT ALGEBRAS IN GAUGE-INVARIANT SYSTEMS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 10, no. 28 (1995): 4087–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x95001893.

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A Hamiltonian description is constructed for a wide class of mechanical systems having local symmetry transformations depending on time derivatives of the gauge parameters of arbitrary order. The Poisson brackets of the Hamiltonian and constraints with each other and with an arbitrary function are explicitly obtained. The constraint algebra is proved to be of the first class.

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50

CLAYTON, M., and J. W. MOFFAT. "PREDICTION OF THE TOP QUARK MASS IN A FINITE ELECTROWEAK THEORY." Modern Physics Letters A 06, no. 29 (1991): 2697–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732391003158.

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Abstract:

A parameter-free prediction of the top quark mass is obtained from the calculation of [Formula: see text] in a finite non-local electroweak theory, in which the W and Z gauge bosons acquire their masses through the lowest order vacuum polarization graphs containing fermion loops. The SU (2)× U (1) gauge symmetry is broken to U (1) em by a symmetry breaking measure factor in the path integral without resorting to a Higgs mechanism. Using the ratio of the W and Z masses obtained from the average of the UAI, UA2 and the CDF experiments, we predict mt=86±33 GeV and the gauge boson non-local scale

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