Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Local government Investments, Foreign China China'

While investment incentives are increasingly employed by the developing economies, the vast amount of literature has failed to reach a consensus on the role of incentive regimes. A fundamental problem with the previous econometric studies is that they assume a mature market condition, under which the government should remain outside FDI competition. However, in reality, most developing countries lack a mature market and market-oriented regulatory institutions. This thesis adds to the conventional wisdom by examining whether and how Chinese investment incentive regimes have been successful in harnessing FDI during the last three decades. Like many developing economies, China is still in the process of building a market economy. The striking ability of China to attract FDI with numerous incentives presents a meaningful laboratory for examining the role of investment incentives. In contrast to most previous economic studies, this thesis does not attempt to examine the economic mechanisms of investment incentives. The basic presumption of this thesis is that incentive measures are instrument of state intervention with designed policy goals. A policy-oriented approach has thus been adopted, under which the role of investment incentives is examined against precisely defined policy objectives in a particular policy context. In China’s case, the efficacy of investment incentives is shown by a strategic and dynamic correlation between the investment incentive regime and its achieved development goals. In the given policy context, their functions cannot be replaced by more desirable instruments due to the political and economic constraints. Besides the economic evaluation, the study adds the legal dimension of evaluation on investment incentives. From a legal perspective, the regulatory space for developing countries is increasingly defined by the international legal regime. Investment incentives should be framed in a way to balance national interests and the level of protection required for foreign investment. The evolution of China’s incentive regime presents a good example to integrate global consensus with domestic imperatives. By unifying its income tax system, China adopted an incentive regime generally consistent with its WTO commitments and could be utilized to its advantages. However, serious problems inherent in the incentive system have already emerged in China, which may hamper its economic development in the long run. The thesis shows that the state’s capacity to channel FDI towards development goals is declining, as its intrusiveness has given way to arbitrariness. A top-down approach deprives foreign investors of their channels to communicate their opinions to the policymakers. The local arbitrariness and corruption in incentive implementation will compound the problem and hinder the inflows of high quality foreign investment. The thesis then proposes that the investment incentive regime in China needs to be upgraded into a more legalized system with non-discrimination, transparency, coherence and an effective monitoring mechanism as its central features. The legalization process would help to alleviate the negative effects of investment incentives. In the absence of a political infrastructure compatible with a rules-based system, the Chinese government needs to start with redefining the government-business relationship with a legal framework and reinforcing an independent judicial system.
published_or_final_version
Law
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

Foreign direct investment (FDI) was unknown to Chinese people before the opening policy in 1979, but since then China's economy has been surging ahead in the past twenty eight years. As one aspect of the FDI policy, I focused on the corporate taxation field to be my research interest, and the topic of my thesis. In the thesis, the reader will learn how FDI developed in China and degree of FDI development. Also, I provide the reader with China's tax system and policy-oriented in as much detail as possible, most of which is the tax incentive policy towards the FDI in China. However, the policies and incentives raise some issues. As the result of offering FDI tax preference, Chinese government tax revenue as a percentage of GDP has been declining steadily. Problems such as tax avoidance and evasion, and local "fake" FDI entities are getting serious. The new Corporate Income Tax Law of the People's Republic of China (CIT Law) was passed by the PRC National People's Congress on March 16 2007 and will take effect on January 2008. When China entered into the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, compliance with the general rules required China improve its tax system as soon as possible. The CIT law section in the thesis includes the policy-changing behind the legislation and expected influence on the FDI in China in the future. As a result of the changes to be brought about by the CIT Law, foreign and domestic business in China must adapt to the new tax regime, and I offer some recommendations in that regard.
Law, Peter A. Allard School of
Graduate

This dissertation seeks to enhance the understanding of the agenda setting process of Hong Kong government by analysis of the immigration policy on non-local students in the post-colonial era. With the government’s determination for developing Hong Kong to become a regional education hub, a general relaxation of immigration policy on non-local students is observed since 2004. By adopting John Kingdon’s policy streams theory as analytical framework, mixed with Cohen et al’s garbage can model and Lindblom’s incrementalism theory, the influential factor on the problem, policy and political streams are identified and the findings suggest that events in political streams, such as the change in national mood and change in administration have great impacts on the agenda whilst the problem and policy streams remain relatively stable. The impact of the policy entrepreneur is also discussed during the course of research.
published_or_final_version
Politics and Public Administration
Master
Master of Public Administration

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
Bibliography
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Chinese national oil corporations have increased their foreign direct investments over the last decade in Africa, where the political environment of oil producing countries often expose the firms to high political risk. The analysis of political risk is increasingly relevant for the investment decision-making process of Chinese corporations, as changes in political dynamics of host countries can affect the opportunities and profitability of investments. The study emphasises the need for firm-specific political risk analysis as a decision-making tool for international businesses operating in foreign countries. The main research question of the study is concerned with the main indicators of political risk that Chinese corporations may face in the African oil and gas industry. Chinese oil corporations may be affected by political instability, international and internal conflict, corruption, and poor economic and social development in African countries. The political risk they face may be influenced by indicators such as the location of the oil operations, the relative importance of the Chinese oil firm to the host country’s oil industry, the competitive advantage and technical abilities of Chinese oil firms, the support of the Chinese government to state-owned firms, and economic relations that the host government have with China and the oil firm. The study follows a qualitative research approach by way of an empirical case study of the political risk faced by one of China’s national oil corporations, China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), in South Sudan. A major part of CNPC’s business operations in Sudan was transferred to South Sudan after the country seceded from Sudan in July 2011. The political risk for CNPC in South Sudan is analysed and measured in accordance with an industry-specific political risk model for the oil and gas industry. The study finds that CNPC faces a high level of political risk in South Sudan since independence. An examination of the political risk analysis is done to serve as a basis for answering the main research question. The hostile relationship between South Sudan and Sudan in particular may expose CNPC to high political risk as it led to the shutdown of the oil industry and violent interstate conflict. However, CNPC’s political risk exposure may be mitigated by certain indicators, such as CNPC’s significance in the operation of the South Sudanese oil industry, CNPC’s attributes of being a Chinese state-owned enterprise, the availability of support from the Chinese government in the form of economic cooperation packages and CNPC’s technical abilities in exploration operations. Furthermore, while negative sentiments on the part of the South Sudanese government towards China and CNPC due to the latter’s close relations with Sudan might expose CNPC to high risk, the risk is mitigated by the high level of economic dependency of South Sudan on both China and CNPC.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die laaste dekade het Chinese nasionale oliekorporasies hulle buitelandse direkte beleggings in Afrika uitgebrei. Die politieke omgewing van hierdie lande veroorsaak egter dikwels dat hierdie firmas aan hoë politieke risiko blootgestel word. Omdat politieke dinamiek in gasheerlande die geleenthede en winsgewendheid van beleggings kan affekteer, is die analise van politieke risiko toenemend relevant in die beleggingsbesluitnemingsproses van Chinese oliekorporasies. Die hoof-navorsingsvraag in hierdie studie handel oor die hoofindikatore van politieke risiko waaraan hierdie korporasies in Afrika se olie- en gasindustrie blootgestel kan word. Politieke onstabiliteit, internasionale en nasionale konflik, korrupsie, asook swak ekonomiese en sosiale ontwikkeling in Afrikalande kan Chinese oliekorporasies affekteer. Die politieke risiko waaraan hulle blootgestel word, kan beïnvloed word deur faktore soos die ligging van oliebedrywighede, die relatiewe belangrikheid van die Chinese oliekorporasie vir die gasheerland se olie-industrie, die kompeterende voordeel en tegniese vermoëns van die Chinese oliekorporasies, die Chinese regering se ondersteuning van staatskorporasies en die ekonomiese verhoudings wat die gasheerland met China en die oliefirmas het. Die studie volg ‘n kwalitatiewe navorsingsbenadering by wyse van ‘n empiriese gevallestudie van die politieke risiko waaraan een van China se nasionale oliekorporasies, China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), in Suid-Soedan blootgestel word. Sedert Suid-Soedan se onafhanklikheidswording in Julie 2011 is die grootste gedeelte van CNPC se bedrywighede in Soedan na Suid-Soedan oorgedra. Die politieke risiko vir CNPC is volgens ‘n industrie-spesifieke politieke risiko-model geanaliseer en bereken. Die studie toon dat CNPC inderdaad aan ‘n hoë vlak van politieke risiko blootgestel is sedert onafhanklikheid. Die politieke risiko-analise word ondersoek ten einde as basis te dien vir die beantwoording van die hoof-navorsingsvraag. In die besonder kan die vyandiggesinde verhouding tussen Suid-Soedan en Soedan CNPC blootstel aan hoë politieke risiko, onder andere vanweë die sluiting van die olie-industrie en die gewelddadige interstaat-konflik wat dit meegebring het. CNPC se blootstelling aan politieke risiko kan egter verminder word deur sekere faktore soos CNPC se beduidende belangrikheid in die bedryf van die Suid-Soedanese olieindustrie, CNPC se kenmerke as ‘n Chinese staatsonderneming, die beskikbaarheid van die ondersteuning van die Chinese regering in die vorm van ekonomiese samewerkingspakette asook CNPC se tegniese vermoëns in die veld van eksplorasiebedrywighede. Alhoewel die negatiewe sentiment in die Suid-Soedanese regering teenoor China en CNPC as gevolg van hulle noue verbintenis met Soedan vir CNPC aan hoë risiko kan blootstel, word hierdie risiko verminder deur Suid-Soedan se hoë vlak van ekonomiese afhanklikheid van CNPC en China.

by Choi Cheong-Wo.
Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 103-106).
ABSTRACT --- p.4
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.5
LIST OF TABLES & CHARTS --- p.7
Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.9
Research Objectives --- p.9
Importance of Research --- p.9
Organization --- p.10
Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY IN CHINA --- p.12
History and Milestone --- p.12
Current State of Affairs --- p.16
Projection towards Year 2000 --- p.21
The goals for the 9th FIVE Year Plan --- p.21
The Changing Tactics --- p.23
Other General Policies --- p.24
Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- GENERAL ANALYSIS --- p.27
Advance of Technology in Semiconductor in China --- p.27
Capability vs Capacity --- p.35
How does the development of the IC industry fair with the state of development of its economy? --- p.36
SWOT analysis on the current Semiconductor Industry in China --- p.38
Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- FOREIGN DIRECT- INVESTMENT IN CHINA AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER --- p.42
Economy Evolution in China and Foreign Direct Investment --- p.42
Form of Foreign Direct Investment in China --- p.47
Some practical concerns on licensing arrangement and technology transfer --- p.48
Foreign Direct Investment in the semiconductor industry in China --- p.49
Business realities of Technology Transfer --- p.52
Problem with FDI in China --- p.56
The arts of mating State Plan with Company Objectives --- p.57
Behavior of Transnational Company: A Literature Review --- p.59
Technology Transfer by FDI in China: A Literature Review --- p.65
Technology Transfer by FDI: Lessons to China --- p.67
Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- EXPERIENCES IN SOUTH EAST ASIA --- p.70
Overview --- p.71
Korea --- p.73
The Strategies --- p.73
Success Factors (3) --- p.76
Problems --- p.79
Taiwan --- p.81
The Strategies --- p.81
A Distinguished Success --- p.83
Success Factors (5) --- p.87
Perfect Sailing Ahead …? --- p.90
Lessons for China --- p.91
Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- CONCLUSION --- p.101
BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.103

李嘉.
論文(博士)--香港中文大學, 1999.
參考文獻 (p. 200-224)
中英文摘要.
Available also through the Internet via Dissertations & theses @ Chinese University of Hong Kong.
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
Li Jia.
Lun wen (Bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 1999.
Can kao wen xian (p. 200-224)
Zhong Ying wen zhai yao.

by Leung Chui-wa.
Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-75).
ABSTRACT --- p.ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii
LIST OF TABLES --- p.v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.vii
Chapters
Chapter I. --- introduction --- p.1
Purpose of the project --- p.2
Scope of the project --- p.2
Methodology and literature review --- p.2
Chapter II. --- BACKGROUND OF OFFSHORE LISTING OF CHINA ENTERPRISES --- p.5
Reform of China state-owned enterprise --- p.5
Development of China securities market --- p.8
Capital needs of China --- p.11
China's participation in global economy --- p.12
China's resumption of Hong Kong's sovereignty --- p.13
Chapter III --- OVERVIEW OF OFFSHORE LISTING OF CHINA ENTERPRISES.…… --- p.15
China policies over offshore listings of China enterprises --- p.15
Overall policy --- p.16
Selection of State-owned enterprises for offshore listings --- p.17
Selection of listing venue --- p.19
Competition among stock exchanges worldwide --- p.20
Australia --- p.21
Canada --- p.22
London --- p.22
Singapore --- p.23
Tokyo --- p.24
Chapter IV. --- listings of china enterprises in hong kong and the united states --- p.26
Current situation in Hong Kong and New York --- p.26
China enterprises listed in Hong Kong and New York --- p.28
Hong Kong --- p.28
New York --- p.30
Important issues for consideration --- p.32
Regulatory regime --- p.32
Offering mechanism --- p.35
Market characteristics --- p.38
Advantages and disadvantages of listing in Hong Kong and the US --- p.39
Chapter V. --- trading performance of h shares and h/n share adrs … --- p.41
Scope and methodology of the analysis --- p.41
Findings --- p.42
Discussion --- p.45
Chapter VI. --- discussion and conclusion --- p.47
Implications on SOEs and China economy --- p.47
Implications on the Hong Kong stock market --- p.50
appendix --- p.54
bibliography --- p.72