Journal articles on the topic 'Local government – South Sudan'
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1
Pendle, Naomi R. "‘The dead are just to drink from’: recycling ideas of revenge among the western Dinka, South Sudan." Africa 88, no. 1 (January 9, 2018): 99–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972017000584.
Abstract:
AbstractGovernments in South Sudan have long built their authority on their ability to fashion changing regimes of revenge and compensation, war and peace. Governments’ capture of these regimes has resulted in the secularization of compensation despite the ongoing spiritual consequences of lethal violence. This article explores these issues by focusing on the western Dinka of Greater Gogrial. In recent years, they have been closely linked to the highest levels of government through familial networks and comradeship. Violent revenge among the western Dinka is best understood not as revealing the absence of institutions of government, but as a consequence of the projection of government power over the details of local, normative codes and sanctions. In this age of post-state violence with automatic weapons, oil-wealthy elites and ambiguous rights, government authority and intention have often been erratic. As government authority now backs up these regimes of compensation and revenge, governments’ shifting nature has reshaped their meaning. In the last decade, the declining political space for peace and the disruption of the cattle economy has undermined the current value of compensation and its ability to appease the spiritual and moral demands for revenge. It has even distorted regimes to the extent that children become legitimate targets for revenge. The article is informed by archival sources and based on ethnographic research among the western Dinka (South Sudan) between 2010 and 2013, and further research in South Sudan until 2015.
2
Hessbruegge, Jan Arno. "Customary Law and Authority in a State under Construction: The Case of South Sudan." African Journal of Legal Studies 5, no. 3 (2012): 295–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17087384-12342014.
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Abstract Customary law in South Sudan is a powerful symbol of emancipation from two centuries of external domination, and paradoxically, also the product of such external domination. Most citizens of the world’s newest state rely more on customary laws and local authorities to regulate their conflicts than on other civilian state institutions and statutory law. At the current juncture, influential decision-makers in and outside the government are pushing to develop Sudan’s customary laws into a Common Law for South Sudan. However, the legacy of the armed conflict, including patterns of militarization, and the ongoing modernization of society, pose challenges for customary systems. Furthermore, customary systems exhibit certain human rights deficits and, therefore, need to be made compatible with the constitutional framework of South Sudan. The recognition of customary authority and law as an essential part of the governance structure, coupled with targeted engagement and reform, are indispensable elements of state and peace building in South Sudan. The government and its external partners must walk a tightrope to integrate the local capacity offered by the customary system into their wider efforts without inadvertently stifling its potential to reform from within or undermining democratically elected institutions.
3
Mberia, Hellen, Huda Elseddige, and John Ndavula. "TYPE OF NEWS ON POLITICAL CORRUPTION IN SOUTH SUDAN." International Journal of Communication and Public Relation 6, no. 2 (September 12, 2021): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijcpr.1373.
Abstract:
Purpose: The study sought to determine the type of news on political corruption by newspapers in South Sudan
Method The study used descriptive research design to address the research objectives. The target population in this study was Sudan Tribune, Juba Monitor, The Dawn, Peace Day, Sudanese Online newspapers, international and local NGOs, journalists who work for the media station and lecturers and students from Juba University. The researcher identified every single element and the sampling frame was the five newspapers, also local and international NGOs, students and lecturers from Juba University
Findings of the study Media houses shied away from giving priority to political corruption news for the fear of their lives, intimidation and torture. the coverage of political corruption news on a quarter of a page, hence confirming the fact that the public in South Sudan was denied the opportunity by the print media to question the government on corruption in the country
Contributions Informed by the findings, the study had the following recommendation The various media regulatory policies and the constitutional rights should be implemented by the instruments of power including the police, the government and the judiciary. This would assure journalists and media houses of their freedom to access information and freedom of expression, while shielding them from intimidation, torture and killing. The legislature, in collaboration with the media regulatory bodies in South Sudan should enact laws that protected media houses and journalists, especially in the cases where they cover sensitive but important information.
4
Branch, Adam, and Zachariah Cherian Mampilly. "Winning the war, but losing the peace? The dilemma of SPLM/A civil administration and the tasks ahead." Journal of Modern African Studies 43, no. 1 (February 16, 2005): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x04000588.
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The debate over peace in Sudan has centred on the ongoing talks in Naivasha, Kenya. This paper argues, however, that sustainable peace is not simply a function of the implementation of an agreement between the SPLA and Khartoum, but that other fracture lines will run through post-conflict Sudan. Here we draw attention to the rupture between the Dinka, dominant within the SPLA, and the Equatorian peoples of the far south, hundreds of thousands of whom were driven from their homes or faced with economic and political oppression under SPLA occupation. As these refugees return, it will be through local government structures that Equatorians will or will not be integrated into the SPLA political project for Southern Sudan. Thus, local government figures prominently in the possibility for sustainable peace. We describe the origins and structure of local government in Southern Sudan, situating it in the history of political tension between Dinka and Equatorians. We then describe the challenge of equitably distributing land and foreign aid to returnees in the context of ethnic politics and a massive NGO presence.
5
Editor, Chief. "EXAMINING THE PROMINENCE OF THE POLITICAL CORRUPTION NEWS IN SOUTH SUDAN." International Journal of Communication and Public Relation 6, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijcpr.1357.
Abstract:
Purpose: The purpose of the study to examine the prominence of political corruption news by newspapers in South Sudan
Method: The study used descriptive research design to address the research objectives. The target population in this study was Sudan Tribune, Juba Monitor, The Dawn, Peace Day, Sudanese Online newspapers, international and local NGOs, journalists who work for the media station and lecturers and students from Juba University. The researcher can identify every single element and the sampling frame was the five newspapers, also local and international NGOs, students and lecturers from Juba University
Findings: The findings indicated that media houses shied away from giving priority to political corruption news for the fear of their lives, intimidation and torture. This further saw the coverage of political corruption news on a quarter of a page, hence confirming the fact that the public in South Sudan was denied the opportunity by the print media to question the government on corruption in the country
Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: The study had the following recommendations: The various media regulatory policies and the constitutional rights should be implemented by the instruments of power including the police, the government and the judiciary. This would assure journalists and media houses of their freedom to access information and freedom of expression, while shielding them from intimidation, torture and killing. The legislature, in collaboration with the media regulatory bodies in South Sudan should enact laws that protected media houses and journalists, especially in the cases where they covered sensitive but important information. Those who infringed on the rights of journalists and media houses should be pursued and arraigned in the court of law, where punitive action would be taken against them. This would further reaffirm journalists of their safety.
6
Leonardi, Cherry. "Patchwork States: The Localization of State Territoriality on the South Sudan–Uganda Border, 1914–2014*." Past & Present 248, no. 1 (July 13, 2020): 209–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtz052.
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Abstract This paper takes a localized conflict over a non-demarcated stretch of the Uganda–South Sudan boundary in 2014 as a starting point for examining the history of territorial state formation on either side of this border since its colonial creation in 1914. It argues that the conflict was an outcome of the long-term constitution of local government territories as patches of the state, making the international border simultaneously a boundary of the local state. Some scholars have seen the limited control of central governments over their borderlands and the intensification of local territorialities as signs of African state fragmentation and failure. But the article argues that this local territoriality should instead be seen as an outcome of ongoing state-formation processes in which state territory has been co-produced through local engagement and appropriation. The paper is thus of wider relevance beyond African or postcolonial history, firstly in contributing a spatial approach to studies of state formation which have sought to replace centre–periphery models with an emphasis on the centrality of the local state. Secondly it advances the broader field of borderlands studies by arguing that international boundaries have been shaped by processes of internal territorialisation as well as by the specific dynamics of cross-border relations and governance. Thirdly it advocates a historical and processual approach to understanding territory, arguing that the patchwork of these states has been fabricated and reworked over the past century, entangling multiple, changing forms and scales of territory in the ongoing constitution of state boundaries.
7
Leonardi, Cherry. "SOUTH SUDANESE ARABIC AND THE NEGOTIATION OF THE LOCAL STATE, c. 1840–2011." Journal of African History 54, no. 3 (November 2013): 351–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853713000741.
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AbstractThis article explores the history of the creole South Sudanese Arabic language from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day. It analyses the historical evidence of language use in the light of insights drawn from linguistic studies of creolisation to argue that South Sudanese Arabic became an innovative and necessary means of communication among multiple actors within new fields of interaction. The article argues that these fields of interaction were both the product and the arena of local state formation. Rather than marking the boundary of the state, the spread of this creole language indicates the enlarging arenas of participation in the local state. The development and use of South Sudanese Arabic as an unofficial lingua franca of local government, trade, and urbanisation demonstrates that communication and negotiation among local actors has been central to the long-term processes of state formation in South Sudan.
8
ROLANDSEN, ØYSTEIN H., and NICKI KINDERSLEY. "THE NASTY WAR: ORGANISED VIOLENCE DURING THE ANYA-NYA INSURGENCY IN SOUTH SUDAN, 1963–72." Journal of African History 60, no. 01 (March 2019): 87–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853719000367.
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AbstractIn 1963, unrest in Sudan's three southern provinces (today's South Sudan) escalated into a civil war between the government and the Anya-Nya rebellion. The subsequent eight years of violence has hitherto largely escaped scrutiny from academic researchers and has remained a subject of popular imagination and politicised narratives. This article demonstrates how this history can be explored with greater nuance, thereby establishing a local history of a postcolonial civil war. Focusing on the garrison town of Torit, our research reveals a localised and personalised rebellion, made up of a constellation of parochial armed groups. This new history also demonstrates how these parties built upon experiences from imperial conquest and colonial rule when entrenching violent wartime practices such as mass displacement and encampment, the raising of local militias and intelligence networks, and the deliberate starvation of civilians — all common methods in subsequent wars.
9
de Simone, Sara. "Playing the ‘fragile state’ card: the SPLM and state extraversion in South Sudan." Journal of Modern African Studies 56, no. 3 (August 6, 2018): 395–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x18000290.
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AbstractSouthern Sudan's past crises have mobilised consistent flows of humanitarian assistance. Recalling the humanitarian catastrophes and international interventions of the 1990s–2000s, the war that exploded in South Sudan in 2013 has been no exception. This paper shows that the SPLM/A political elite promptly incorporated these flows of external resources into its extraverted strategies of state-building. Similar to the current situation, it did so by appropriating not only material assets but also discourses, playing the ‘fragile state’ card and raising fears of governance failure and state collapse. This paper analyses two specific aspects of international support to Southern Sudan in the 1990s–2000s: the political legitimisation of the movement through the negotiation of relief delivery, and direct support to rebel local government structures. These two aspects contributed to the creation of a state that substantially overlapped with the SPLM/A structure, thanks to the movement's capacity to capitalise on external resources, a subject worth analysing in future research.
10
Vialle, Nicholas. "Managing Expectations: How Have Tensions between the International Community and National Government Impacted the Implementation of Transitional Justice in South Sudan?" Journal of International Peacekeeping 21, no. 3-4 (April 28, 2017): 271–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18754112-02103005.
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Local ownership and participation of the local population is increasingly the formula suggested for transitional justice. However, this paper only explores the tensions that arise between the expectations of national governments and the international community, the parties most responsible for the implementation of transitional justice mechanisms. Using the Resolution of the conflict in South Sudan as a reference point, the paper looks at where and how the expectations arise, the impact these tensions have on the implementation of mechanisms, and strategies for lessening the tensions. The conclusion suggests that transitional justice will be better achieved through mechanisms that take into consideration the expectations of what is to be achieved and where more effort has been put into the negotiation and aligning the expectations of the national and international organisations involved in the implementation.
11
Jedrej, M. C. "The Southern Funj of the Sudan as a Frontier Society, 1820–1980." Comparative Studies in Society and History 46, no. 4 (October 2004): 709–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417504000337.
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The long civil war in the Sudan between the government and the rebel Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) is usually simply described as a war between ‘the Arab North’ and ‘the African South.’ Equally simply, it is understood as a continuation, by new means and in new circumstances, of nineteenth-century and earlier inequalities between free people and unfree people, and of hostilities between slavers and those they preyed upon. In the twentieth century these asymmetries came to be represented by a religious distinction between Muslims and non-Muslims. However, these apparent distinctions between free and unfree, and between Muslim and non-Muslim begin to blur when we ask who is making them. Likewise, at closer inspection, the division into “the Arab North” and “the African South” begins to fragment and reconstitute into a complexity of alliances and interest groups. These complexities become more evident as engagement moves from hostile encounters in the remote vastness of the Sudan to peace negotiations and press conferences in hotels and offices in capital cities. In the latter settings marginalized populations can be heard. Of special here interest are the three culturally ‘southern’ populations whose homelands are in the geo-political North: Abyei, the Nuba Mountains, and South Blue Nile. In January 2003, a public statement, headed “Let us not be denied the right to decide on our future,” was delivered to the North-South peace conference in Kenya by a local NGO, the Relief Organisation of Fazugli (ROOF), on behalf of “the people of South Blue Nile.” It demanded that their representatives, along with those of the Nuba Mountains and Abyei be included in the current peace negotiations.
12
Liebling, Helen, Hazel Barrett, and Lilly Artz. "South Sudanese Refugee Survivors of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence and Torture: Health and Justice Service Responses in Northern Uganda." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5 (March 5, 2020): 1685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051685.
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This British Academy/Leverhulme-funded research investigated the health and justice service responses to the needs of South Sudanese refugees living in refugee settlements in Northern Uganda who had been subjected to sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) and torture. It involved the collection and thematic analysis of the narratives of 20 men and 41 women who were refugee survivors of SGBV and torture, including their experiences in South Sudan, their journeys to Uganda and experiences in refugee settlements, in particular their access to health and justice services. Thirty-seven key stakeholders including international, government, non-government organisations and civil society organisations were also interviewed regarding their experiences of providing health and justice services to refugees. All refugees had survived human rights abuses mainly carried out in South Sudan but some had also occurred on route to Uganda and within Uganda. Despite the significant impact of their experiences, the analysis indicated that there was limited service response in refugee settlements in Northern Uganda once the immediate humanitarian crisis ended. The thematic analysis indicated five main themes coming from the interviews. These included: the nature of refugee experiences of SGBV and torture, including domestic violence and child abduction and forced marriage; issues associated with service provision such as lack of adequate screening and under resourcing of health and justice services; a lack of gender sensitivity and specialist services, particularly for men; the sustained involvement of civil society organisations and local non-governmental organisations in providing counselling and offering emotional support and hope to survivors; and enhancing health and justice responses and services to improve refugee recovery, dignity and resilience. The authors recommend that integrated gendered and culturally sensitive service provision should be adopted, which brings together formal and informal health, justice services and survivor support programmes.
13
Stringham, Noel, and Jonathan Forney. "It takes a village to raise a militia: local politics, the Nuer White Army, and South Sudan's civil wars." Journal of Modern African Studies 55, no. 2 (May 8, 2017): 177–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x17000064.
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AbstractWhy does South Sudan continue to experience endemic, low intensity conflicts punctuated by catastrophic civil wars? Reporters and analysts often mischaracterise conflicts in the young country of South Sudan as products of divisive ‘tribal’ or ‘ethnic’ rivalries and political competition over oil wealth. More nuanced analyses by regional experts have focused almost exclusively on infighting among elite politicians and military officers based in Juba and other major cities who use patronage networks to ethnicise conflicts. This paper argues instead that civilian militias known as the Nuer White Army have consistently rebelled against elites who they blame for mounting inequalities between urban areas and the rural communities regardless of their ethnicity. While unable to stop governments and NGOs from funnelling almost all their resources to the cities, these militias have consistently mobilised local resources for violent campaigns that redistribute wealth by pillaging urban areas.
14
Walraet, Anne. "Governance, violence and the struggle for economic regulation in South Sudan: the case of Budi County (Eastern Equatoria)." Afrika Focus 21, no. 2 (February 15, 2008): 53–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-02102006.
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This article analyses how Budi County in Eastern Equatoria State (South Sudan) was governed during the 1990s and up to mid-2007. Because its capital Chukudum was the SPLM/A headquarters almost throughout that period, it provides us with an interesting case from which to explore how the SPLM/A governed during the war and how this impacts on the post-war peace. One observation is that the war, besides a period of devastation and human suffering, was also a time of economic opportunities and social differentiation. For that reason this article will also explore livestock trade as a new mode of wealth appropriation and the changing nature of cattle raiding, and how this interferes with the struggle for regulatory power and governable “spaces”. This means that we comprehend the economy as a political terrain. At the same time we leave room for sociological perspectives, to complement the more restricted “competition for resources and gains” approach to conflict and violence. The article is written in three sections. In the first section we briefly clarify why in 1999 there was an uprising in Budi County against SPLM/A rule and why it engendered massive local support. In the second section we examine one of the most destructive manifestations of violence that affect Budi county: cattle raiding. We look at it from a perspective that has been under-researched in the field: that of trans-border trade. In the last section we look at how, after the peace of 2005, newly appointed local government authorities are (re)claiming domains of state regulation that previously lay firmly in the hands of the military. Particular attention is given to the capacity of the local authorities to guarantee security and provide protection.
15
Denisova, T. S., and S. V. Kostelyanets. "Separatism in South Cameroon: Sources and Prospects." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 14, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 194–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2021-14-1-10.
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In the 2010s, the issue of separatism in Africa gained special significance in connection with the emergence in 2011 of a new state – the Republic of South Sudan (RSS), where a military and political conflict has continued throughout the entire period of independent development, accompanied by massive casualties among the civilian population. The situation in the RSS underscores the weakness of secessionism as a tool for solving the problems of national identity, socio-economic development and political marginalization, and also raises the question of whether separatism in Africa is able to lead to stability, an improvement in living standards and an increase in the level of security of citizens of breakaway territories. The present paper examines the historical background of separatism in South Cameroon and of organizations and armed groups fighting for the separation of the region from the Republic of Cameroon and for the independence of the self-declared Republic of Ambazonia. Currently, the country is engulfed in a military and political conflict, the parties to which are the central (Francophone) government and the Anglophone secessionist movements, which include dozens of armed groups with varying goals and interests and which fight among themselves for influence on local communities, resources, and the right to represent Cameroon’s Anglophone minority in the international arena. In fact, South Cameroon is now in a state of war of all against all. The situation in South Cameroon is compounded by the fact that President Paul Biya’s government simultaneously has to fend off attacks by Boko Haram terrorists in the far north of the country and deal with a socio-economic crisis, which is accompanied by rising unemployment, which, in turn, allows insurgents to expand their ranks with relative ease. The authors note, however, that the separatists do not enjoy the support of the world community and, unlike many other African rebel movements, receive hardly any financial or military-technical assistance from outside, which dooms their armed struggle and increases the consequence of a peaceful agreement with the government.
16
Behrends, Andrea. "Fighting for oil when there is no oil yet." Focaal 2008, no. 52 (December 1, 2008): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2008.520103.
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The area around the border of Sudan and Chad, where Darfur lies, has been an unimportant and unknown backwater throughout history. Today, however, Darfur is all over the international press. Everybody knows about the grim war there. There is no oil currently in production in Darfur. However, there is oil in the south of neighboring Chad and in Southern Sudan, and there might be oil in Darfur. This article considers a case of fighting for oil when there is no oil yet. It takes into account the role of local actors doing the fighting, that is, the army, rebels, and militias; national actors such as the Sudanese and Chadian governments; and international actors, such as multinational oil companies, the United States, China, and the United Nations. It explains how oil can have disintegrative consequences even when it is still only a rumor about a future possibility.
17
Novian, Muhammad Nurman, and Sari Viciawati Machdum. "PEMBANGUNAN PARTISIPATIF DI KOTA TANGERANG SELATAN MELALUI PROGRAM TANGSEL YOUTH PLANNER." EMPATI: Jurnal Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial 9, no. 2 (January 17, 2021): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/empati.v9i2.18690.
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Abstract. Participatory development has become one of the main keys in development in accordance with what the community wants and needs. Community in participatory development is also a major highlight in the context of success in development. In participatory development in the City of South Tangerang, it is organized by the Tangsel Youth Planner (TYP) Program, which is the result of a collaboration between the South Tangerang City Development Planning Agency and the local community, namely the Tangsel Creative Foundation, which contains South Tangerang youth or local millennials. In previous research, it was said that the barrier to community participation was due to the lack of participation forums such as the Tangsel Youth Planner Program. From the results of this study it was found that it is very important for local community participation in development such as the Tangsel Youth Planner program. It is also known that the Tangsel Youth Planner program has the characteristics of an interventionist social development and uses a social development approach by the government. Abstrak. Pembangunan partisipatif sudah menjadi salah satu kunci utama dalam pembangunan yang sesuai dengan apa yang di kehendaki dan dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat. Masyarakat dalam pembangunan partisipatif juga menjadi sorotan utama dalam konteks keberhasilan dalam pembangunan. Dalam pembangunan partisipatif di Kota Tangerang Selatan di wadahi oleh Program Tangsel Youth Planner (TYP) yang merupakan hasil kerjasama Bappeda Kota Tangerang Selatan dengan Komunitas Lokal yaitu Tangsel Creative Foundation, berisi anak-anak muda Tangerang Selatan atau milenial lokal. Pada penelitian sebelumnya dikatakan bahwa hambatan partisipasi masyarakat dikarenakan minimnya wadah partisipasi seperti Program Tangsel Youth Planner. Dari hasil penelitian ini didapati bahwa sangatlah penting wadah partisipasi masyarakat lokal dalam pembangunan seperti adanya program Tangsel Youth Planner. Serta diketahui bahwa program Tangsel Youth Planner mempunyai karakteristik pembangunan sosial yang bersifat intervensionis, serta menggunakan pendekatan pembangunan sosial oleh pemerintah.
18
Uesugi, Yuji. "All-Japan Approach to International Peace Operations." Journal of International Peacekeeping 18, no. 3-4 (November 26, 2014): 214–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18754112-1804006.
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This article discusses the development and features of the All-Japan approach that can be restated as integrated inter-agency/civil-military coordination, which has been placed in Japan’s policy for international peace cooperation (ipc), and has a potential to constitute Japan’s unique contribution to international peace operations. The article provides an overview of Japan’s recent involvement in international peace operations such as in Timor-Leste, Iraq, Haiti and South Sudan, paying special attention to inter-agency/civil-military nexus in each operation both at the strategic/policy level and the operational/field level. It argues that the All-Japan approach can offer a framework for better coordination among Japanese actors on the ground, and thus it can make Japan’s contribution more ‘visible’ to the local community and populations concerned. At the same time, it also seeks to present a warning that such an approach may infringe on the unity of the mission, especially if it is a un peacekeeping operation, and disturb the coherence of multilateral efforts on the ground. Furthermore, the All-Japan approach can jeopardize genuine decision-making of Japanese actors on the ground because of the unspoken pressure from their government to formulate All-Japan activities. In short, the All-Japan approach may become an end itself rather than a means.
19
Temur, Ahmet Irfan, Jens H. Kuhn, David B. Pecor, Dmitry A. Apanaskevich, and Maryam Keshtkar-Jahromi. "Epidemiology of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) in Africa—Underestimated for Decades." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 104, no. 6 (June 2, 2021): 1978–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-1413.
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Abstract.Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is endemic in Africa, but the epidemiology remains to be defined. Using a broad database search, we reviewed the literature to better define CCHF evidence in Africa. We used a One Health approach to define the impact of CCHF by reviewing case reports, human and animal serology, and records of CCHF virus (CCHFV) isolations (1956–mid-2020). In addition, published and unpublished collection data were used to estimate the geographic distribution of Hyalomma ticks and infection vectors. We implemented a previously proposed classification scheme for organizing countries into five categories by the level of evidence. From January 1, 1956 to July 25, 2020, 494 CCHF cases (115 lethal) were reported in Africa. Since 2000, nine countries (Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Sudan, and Tunisia) have reported their first CCHF cases. Nineteen countries reported CCHF cases and were assigned level 1 or level 2 based on maturity of their surveillance system. Thirty countries with evidence of CCHFV circulation in the absence of CCHF cases were assigned level 3 or level 4. Twelve countries for which no data were available were assigned level 5. The goal of this review is to inform international organizations, local governments, and healthcare professionals about shortcomings in CCHF surveillance in Africa to assist in a movement toward strengthening policy to improve CCHF surveillance.
20
Mohammed, Abdulghani Eissa Tour, Khalid Abdurrahman Jabir Othman, and Mohammed Abdalla Abdalgane Mohammed. "The Negative Effects of Some Non – Governmental Organizations (NGOs) on EFL Teaching and Learning in Sudan." International Journal of Linguistics 12, no. 2 (March 1, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v12i2.16583.
Abstract:
The current study endeavours to investigate the negative impact created due to the existence of the international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) on the overall educational system in Sudan. It also attempts to determine how the great advantages and the big gains inspire EFL teachers to prefer working for these organizations rather than working for ministry of education, and how this situation generally influenced teaching and learning English. Under the umbrella of the humanitarian crises missions, Sudan has witnessed a rush of numerous and funded NGOs during the last two decades, particularly at some high conflict zones such as the Blue Nile, South Kordofan and Darfur states. Most of these organizations adopt English language as a means of communication. They also offer better opportunities to their employees compared to other local institutions including the ministry of education. These gains have motivated many English language professionals including EFL teachers to implement job hunting strategies while attempting to work for these NGOs. In so doing, they are willing and able to work as facilitators, administrators, security officers, secretaries and part-time employees with either long-term or short-term contracts. Among the luckiest ones who successfully managed to get better job opportunities are the EFL teachers. It seems as if working for such internationally recognized and well-paid organizations is better than working for ministry of education for the majority of teachers. Although working for these NGOs creates a good opportunity for the qualified teachers to improve their overall living standard and enables them to provide better life, healthcare system as well as sustainable better education to their families. However, the ministry of education’s loss of the qualified teachers has negatively impact the overall education system in the country. Shortages of English teachers have highly been reported during the last decade, particularly at the public sector. The data collection for the current study goes through designing and distributing a questionnaire to a sample of EFL teachers, students, and some interested parties in Al - Fashir area. The data collection process as well as its analysis resulted into the following:The existence of the international NGOs in Sudan has motivated the qualified EFL teachers to quit their jobs in ministry of education and work for such organizations.Their existence has indirectly and negatively been influencing the education system in Sudan, particularly the process of teaching and learning English language as a school subject.
21
Upadhyaya, H. D., K. N. Reddy, M. Irshad Ahmed, and C. L. L. Gowda. "Identification of gaps in pearl millet germplasm from East and Southern Africa conserved at the ICRISAT genebank." Plant Genetic Resources 10, no. 3 (November 27, 2012): 202–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262112000275.
Abstract:
The International Crops Research Institute for the semi-Arid Tropics Genebank at Patancheru, India holds the world's largest collection of 22,211 pearl millet germplasm accessions from 50 countries including 4488 landraces from 16 East and Southern African (ESA) countries. Gap analysis using FloraMap software and 3750 georeferenced pearl millet germplasm accessions from ESA countries revealed 34 districts located in 18 provinces of four East African countries and 76 districts located in 34 provinces of seven Southern African countries as geographical gaps. Analysis of characterization data using DIVA-GIS software showed 11 districts of seven provinces in Sudan and Uganda and 58 districts of 20 provinces of seven countries in Southern Africa as gaps in diversity for important morphoagronomic traits. The following districts were identified as gaps common to geographic area and diversity for some or the other traits: Amuria district in Soroti province of Uganda; Mpwapwa in Dodoma province of Tanzania; Mahalapye in Centre province and Kgatleng in Kgatleng province of Botswana; Lalomo in Southern province of Zambia; and Motoko, Mudzi and Wedza in the province of Mashonaland East; Makoni in Manikaland; Gutu and Chivi in Masvingo; Gwanda and Bulalimamangwe in Metabeland south; Hwange and Nkayi in Metabeland north; and Kwe Kwe in Midlands of Zimbabwe. For a successful germplasm collection mission to fill the gaps identified, planning should be made in advance of collaboration and consultation with National Agricultural Systems, local government officials and extension officers. It is suggested to collect the complete passport data including georeference information while collecting the germplasm.
22
Budi, Erik Pradana, Mirawati Tongko, Herawati Herawati, and Marselina Sattu. "Upaya Pemerintah Desa Terhadap Penanggulangan Stunting di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Totikum Selatan Kabupaten Banggai Kepulauan." Jurnal Kesmas Untika Luwuk : Public Health Journal 11, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51888/phj.v11i2.34.
Abstract:
Kejadian stunting berdasarkan data Riskesdas Tahun 2018, Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah sebesar 32,5%, Kabupaten Banggai Kepulauan sebesar 6,16%, sementara untuk Puskesmas Totikum Selatan sebesar 18%. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran upaya pemerintah Desa terhadap penanggulangan stunting di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Totikum Selatan Kabupaten Banggai Kepulauan. Jenis penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif. Teknik penentuan informan yaitu secara purposive samping sehingga informan dan infroman kunci adalah kepala desa, bidan,kader, kepala puskesmas,tokoh masyarakat, DMPDA. Analisis data penelitian melalui 3 alur yaitu : Data reduction, Data Disply, dan conclusion darwing/Verifikstion. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa bentuk upaya pemerintah desa terhadap penanggulangan stunting dalam hal peningkatan gizi masyarakat yaitu dengan pemberian makanan tambahan pada balita dan lansia, sedangkan dalam hal sanitasi berbasis lingkungan yaitu telah diupayakannya pengadaan sarana jamban dan air bersih pada setiap desa, selain itu sudah ada dalam rencana APBdes untuk peningkatan anggaran dalam penyelengaraan jamban sehat, serta pembangunan air minum dan sanitasi yang sudah mencapai 100%. Pemberdayaan masyarakat dilakukan dengan peningkatan pengetahuan melalui kerja sama dengan pihak puskesmas yang melibatkan pemerintah desa beserta tokoh masyarakat untuk upaya peningkatan pengetahuan tentang stunting, serta masyarakat berperan aktif untuk mengikuti program kesehatan dalam upaya peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat. Adapun saran yaitu perlu adanya pemantauan berkala dari pemerintah daerah terhadap kegiatan-kegiatan penanggulangan stunting yang dilakukan oleh setiap pemerintah Desa yang ada. The incidence of stunting based on data from Riskesdas in 2018, Central Sulawesi Province was 32.5%, Banggai Islands Regency was 6.16%, while for South Totikum Health Center it was 18%. The purpose of this study was to obtain an overview of the efforts of the Village government to tackle stunting in the Work Area of the South Totikum Health Center, Banggai Islands Regency. This type of research uses qualitative methods. The technique of taking informants was purposive side to side so that key informants and informants were the village head, midwives, cadres, heads of puskesmas, community leaders, DMPDA. Analysis of research data through 3 channels, namely: Data reduction, Data Disply, and conclusion darwing / verification. The results showed that the form of village government efforts to tackle stunting in terms of improving community nutrition is by providing additional food for toddlers and the elderly, while in the case of environmental-based sanitation, namely the provision of latrines and clean water facilities in each village, besides that it is already in place. APBdes plans to increase the budget for the implementation of healthy latrines, as well as the construction of drinking water and sanitation which has reached 100%. Community empowerment is carried out by increasing knowledge through collaboration with the community health center which involves the village government and community leaders to increase knowledge about stunting, and the community plays an active role in participating in health programs in an effort to increase community knowledge. The suggestion is that there is a need for regular monitoring from the local government of the stunting prevention activities carried out by each existing Village government.
23
Al-Teraifi, Al-Agab Ahmed. "Financing regional and local government in Sudan." Environment and Urbanization 3, no. 2 (October 1991): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095624789100300218.
24
Nnanna, Joseph. "Is China’s investment in Africa good for the Nigerian economy?" Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies 8, no. 1 (February 2, 2015): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcefts-09-2014-0020.
Abstract:
Purpose – The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of China’s trade agreement and foreign direct investment (FDI) flows to Nigeria with special reference to the manufacturing sector utilizing the following key economic performance indicators: inflation, unemployment, income and gross domestic product, to name a few. Since the turn of the millennium, China has enjoyed a substantial presence in the African continent. In fact, the country has signed bilateral agreements with Angola, South Africa and Sudan to name a few. Recently, China established its West African trade hub in Lagos, the economic capital of Nigeria, to be strategically positioned. The results of the study revealed conclusively that although China’s investments over the years have benefited the Nigerian economy and its various firms in the manufacturing sector, the agreement signed by both countries ultimately needs to be reexamined to ensure equity. Design/methodology/approach – To thoroughly analyze the effects of China’s investments in Nigeria, this study was carried out in two phases. The first analysis of this study is anchored on a “before/after” framework based on descriptive statistical analysis of the selected economic performance indicators chosen from selected cross-national data. Accordingly, the time frame for this study runs from 1993-2012 which roughly corresponds to the era when China commenced significant investments in Nigeria. Second, employees, policymakers and individuals in the manufacturing/textile industries were interviewed. Furthermore, participation from federal as well as local government agency staff members was solicited using the Delphi technique. Findings – Empirically, the results conclusively reveal China’s dominance in the manufacturing and textile sectors in Nigeria. In other words, at face value, China’s investments are ultimately good for the Nigerian economy. However, at a micro-level analysis, the researcher examined the human factor, that is, the families of former and current employees, abandoned businesses/factories and a decaying textile industry that was once vibrant. Originality/value – To the knowledge of the researcher, this is the first study attempting to assess the impact of the rise of China on the Nigerian economy by combining key economic performance indicator in tandem with face-to-face interviews and the Delphi technique.
25
Tri Fitriani P. "Potensi Pasar Rakyat Batuah Kabupaten Banjar Dalam Mendukung Pengembangan Pariwisata Di Kabupaten Banjar, Kalimantan Selatan Tahun 2019." Jurnal Kebijakan Pembangunan 15, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.47441/jkp.v15i1.29.
Abstract:
the existence of the people's market is currently being eroded by the swift flow of global trade which is realized by the rise of modern retail that is also available around the market, making people switch from buying necessities in the market and replacing them with shopping in the modern market with various facilities. This condition makes people's markets increasingly abandoned so that people's markets inevitably have to change by the times. This paper aims to explore the tourism potential of the Pasar Batuah which is managed by the Regional Company of Bauntung Batuah (PD Pasar Bauntung Batuah). This paper also aims to provide information and recommendations to the Banjar Regency government on several local regulations related to tourism and local market regulations which must be revised. By using an explorative qualitative analysis method in which the writer explores as much information as possible from the source to explore the potential of the Pasar Batuah. Pasar Batuah is a well-known market both at home and abroad because of its commodities such as gold, natural stones, culinary and natural handicrafts. Besides that, the location of the market is integrated with other markets, including the Cahaya Bumi Selamat market (CBS), the Sekumpul Shopping Center (PPS), and also the Culinary Tourism Area (KWK). Pasar Batuah is also close to one of the most well-known religious tourism destinations in South Kalimantan, the Tomb of Guru Sekumpul making this market a potential to be developed and branding as one of the shopping tourism destinations in South Kalimantan. Suggestions for the Banjar district government and PD Pasar Bauntung Batuah are to strengthen the market traders organization by forming a market traders association, establishing a connecting location between the Pasar Bauntung and the CBS by creating a showroom of handicraft of natural stones and jewelry, and making connecting vehicles to get around the lack of land parking.
Keywords: Pasar Rakyat, Pasar Batuah, Tourism potential.
Abstrak
Eksistensi pasar rakyat saat ini mulai tergerus dengan derasnya arus perdagangan global yang diwujudkan dengan maraknya retail modern yang terdapat di sekeliling pasar rakyat sehingga membuat masyarakat beralih dari membeli kebutuhan pokok di pasar dan menggantinya dengan berbelanja di pasar modern dengan berbagai fasilitas. Kondisi ini membuat pasar rakyat semakin ditinggalkan, sehingga pasar rakyat mau tidak mau harus berubah sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman.. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi potensi pariwisata yang dimiliki oleh Pasar Batuah yang dikelola oleh Perusahaan Daerah (PD) Pasar Bauntung Batuah. Tulisan ini juga bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi dan rekomendasi kepada pemerintah Kabupaten Banjar terhadap beberapa Peraturan Daerah (Perda) terkait pariwisata dan pasar rakyat yang sudah harus direvisi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif eksploratif. Pasar Batuah merupakan pasar yang sudah dikenal luas baik di dalam maupun di luar negeri karena komoditas yang diperjualbelikan seperti emas, batu-batuan alam, kuliner dan hasil kerajinan alam. Di samping itu lokasi pasar terintegrasi dengan pasar lainnya termasuk Pasar Cahaya Bumi Selamat, Pusat Pertokoan Sekumpul (PPS) dan juga Kawasan Wisata Kuliner (KWK). Pasar Batuah juga berdekatan dengan salah satu destinasi wisata religi yang sudah cukup terkenal di Kalimantan Selatan yakni Makam Guru Sekumpul menjadikan pasar ini potensial untuk dikembangkan dan di-branding sebagai salah satu destinasi wisata belanja di Kalimantan Selatan. Rekomendasi bagi pemerintah kabupaten Banjar dan PD pasar bauntung batuah adalah memperkuat organisasi pedagang pasar dengan membentuk paguyuban pedagang pasar, membuat lokasi penghubung antara pasar bauntung batuah dengan pasar CBS dengan membuat showroom kerajinan batu-batu alam dan perhiasan, serta membuat kendaraan sambung untuk menyiasati minimnya lahan parkir.
Kata Kunci: Pasar Rakyat, Pasar Batuah, Potensi Pariwisata
26
Zaenal, Achmad Zulkarnaen, Jeni Kamase, and Serlin Serang. "Analisis Digital Marketing dan Word of Mouth Sebagai Strategi Promosi Pariwisata." Tata Kelola 7, no. 1 (June 25, 2020): 62–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.52103/tatakelola.v7i1.98.
Abstract:
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan strategi promosi wisata dan mendeskripsikan langkah yang ditempuh untuk mengatasi hambatan promosi, menganalisis pelaksanaan digital marketing, word of mouth, hambatan promosi pariwisata. Metode penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Informan penelitian utama adalah Kepala Dinas, informan pendukung adalah Sekretaris Dinas serta Kepala Bidang Pemasaran, dan Tambahan Informan adalah Ketua Badan Promosi Pariwisata Daerah Sulawesi Selatan serta Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Sulawesi Selatan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi langsung, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan melalui pengumpulan data, reduksi data, sajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pelaksanaan strategi promosi wisata sudah ada, walupun belum sepenuhnya optimal; pengembangan wisata di sulawesi selatan ternyata memiliki beberapa hambatan antara lain: beberapa obyek wisata masih kekurangan unsur 3A, amenitas, atraksi, aksesbilitas, alokasi anggaran dari pemerintah daerah yang masih terbatas, dan belum adanya bagian khusus yang menangani masalah promosi wisata, misalnya bagian tim kreatif; dinas terkait dan para stakeholder dunia pariwisata menempuh beragam cara untuk mengatasi berbagai kendala yang ditemui antara lain: mengoptimalkan integrated promosi dan pengoptimalan sumber daya yang ada serta menjalin kerjasama dengan pihak/instansi/lembaga lain untuk mengembangkan pariwisata di Sulawesi selatan.
This study aims to describe the implementation of tourism promotion strategies and describe the steps taken to overcome the obstacles of promotion, analyze the implementation of digital marketing, word of mouth, barriers to tourism promotion. This research method is descriptive qualitative. The main research informants were the Head of Service, supporting informants were the Office Secretary and the Head of Marketing, and Additional Informants were the Chairperson of the South Sulawesi Regional Tourism Promotion Board and the South Sulawesi Regional House of Representatives. Data collection is done by direct observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis is performed through data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results of this study conclude that the implementation of tourism promotion strategies already exists, although not yet fully optimal; Tourism development in South Sulawesi turned out to have several obstacles including: some tourism objects still lacked 3A elements, amenities, attractions, accessibility, budget allocations from the local government which were still limited, and there were no specific sections that addressed the problem of tourism promotion, for example the creative team ; related agencies and stakeholders in the world of tourism take a variety of ways to overcome various obstacles encountered, including: optimizing integrated promotion and optimizing existing resources and establishing cooperation with other parties / agencies / institutions to develop tourism in South Sulawesi.
27
Arnold, Matthew B. "The South Sudan Defence Force: patriots, collaborators or spoilers?" Journal of Modern African Studies 45, no. 4 (November 12, 2007): 489–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x07002856.
Abstract:
ABSTRACTDespite stipulations in the Sudan's 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that all ‘other armed groups’ be demobilised by January 2006, the South Sudan Defence Force (SSDF) continued to maintain a significant armed presence in South Sudan. This paper analyses the dynamics of the organisation, the impact of its ongoing presence on the security situation and reconstruction efforts, and attempts by the government of South Sudan to counteract the SSDF from January to August 2006. It argues that the strategies implemented by the government to counter the SSDF were fairly successful in that there was no major return to conflict. However, it concludes that the SSDF's continued presence, while hindered, has the potential to spark a return to civil war.
28
Pendle, Naomi. "“They Are Now Community Police”: Negotiating the Boundaries and Nature of the Government in South Sudan through the Identity of Militarised Cattle-keepers." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 22, no. 3 (July 17, 2015): 410–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02203006.
Abstract:
Armed, cattle-herding men in Africa are often assumed to be at a relational and spatial distance from the ‘legitimate’ armed forces of the government. The vision constructed of the South Sudanese government in 2005 by the Comprehensive Peace Agreement removed legitimacy from non-government armed groups including localised, armed, defence forces that protected communities and cattle. Yet, militarised cattle-herding men of South Sudan have had various relationships with the governing Sudan Peoples’ Liberation Movement/Army over the last thirty years, blurring the government – non government boundary. With tens of thousands killed since December 2013 in South Sudan, questions are being asked about options for justice especially for governing elites. A contextual understanding of the armed forces and their relationship to government over time is needed to understand the genesis and apparent legitimacy of this violence.
29
Palmer, Jennifer J. "Sensing Sleeping Sickness: Local Symptom-Making in South Sudan." Medical Anthropology 39, no. 6 (December 18, 2019): 457–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01459740.2019.1689976.
30
Haryanti, Amelia, and Dindin. "Implementasi Permendikbud No.44 Tahun 2019 tentang System Zonasi pada Penerimaan Peserta Didik Baru Tahun 2020." Jurnal Ilmiah Mimbar Demokrasi 20, no. 1 (October 19, 2020): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jimd.v20i01.16512.
Abstract:
Tujuan dilaksanakannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi kebijakan Permendikbud No. 44 Tahun 2019 tentang sistem zonasi pada PPDB di Kota Tangerang Selatan dalam upaya melaksanakan pemerataan kualitas dan mutu Pendidikan. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama pelaksanaan PPDB tahun 2020 antara bulan Mei 2020 sampai dengan Juli 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Subjek penelitian yakni, kepala SMPN, Kasi Kurikulum SMP dan orang tua calon peserta didik. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian adalah sebagai berikut: Pelaksanaan PPDB tahun 2020 untuk jenjang tingkat SMP Negeri di kota Tangerang Selatan sudah mengacu pada peraturan Permendikbud No. 44 Tahun 2019, sedangkan faktor penghambat dalam pelaksanaan Permendikbud ini adalah daya tampung sekolah negeri yang belum dapat memenuhi kebutuhan lulusan, serta masih banyaknya calon wali murid yang belum memahami diberlakukannya sistem zonasi. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, pemerintah daerah bekerjasama dengan dinas pendidikan setempat meningkatkan sarana dan prasarana sekolah negeri dan melakukan sosialisasi tentang sistem zonasi kepada masyarakat jauh-jauh hari sebelum pelaksanaan PPDB.
Abstract: The purpose of carrying out this research is to determine the implementation of Permendikbud No. 44 of 2019 concerning the Zoning System in PPDB for the First Middle School level in the City of South Tangerang in an effort to distribute the quality and quality of education. This research was conducted during the implementation of PPDB 2020 between May 2020 and July 2020. This research used a qualitative approach with a case study method. The research subjects were the head of the Junior High School, the Head of Junior High School Curriculum and the parents of prospective students. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study are as follows: Implementation of PPDB in 2020 for the level of SMP Negeri in South Tangerang city has referred to Regulation of Permendikbud No. 44 of 2019, while the inhibiting factors in implementing this Permendikbud are the capacity of state schools that have not been able to meet the needs of graduates, and there are still many prospective student guardians who do not understand the implementation of the zoning system. To overcome this problem, the local government collaborates with the local education office to improve public school facilities and infrastructure and conduct socialization about the zoning system to the community long before PPDB implementation.
31
Cochrane, Logan. "Synthesis of Evaluations in South Sudan." Journal of Humanitarian Affairs 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/jha.031.
Abstract:
South Sudan is one the largest recipients of official development assistance. Given the complexity of the operational environment, there is a need to learn from the lessons gained to-date. This article seeks to enable better-informed decision making based on a synthesis from humanitarian and development evaluation reports, which offer insight for engagement in other fragile and conflict-affected states. Experimental methods were utilised to identify evaluation reports. The synthesis finds that projects would be better designed if they allocated time and resources to obtain additional information, integrated systems thinking to account for the broader context, and engaged with the gendered nature of activities and impacts. Implementation can be strengthened if seasonality is taken into account, if modalities are more flexible, and if a greater degree of communication and collaboration between partners develops. Sustainability and long-term impact require that there is a higher degree of alignment with the government, longer-term commitments in programming, a recognition of trade-offs, and a clear vision and strategy for transitioning capacities and responsibilities to national actors. While actors in South Sudan have been slow to act on lessons learned to-date, the lessons drawn from evaluation reports in South Sudan offer direction for new ways forward, many of which have been concurrently learned by a diverse set of donors and organisations.
32
Rolandsen, Øystein H. "Another civil war in South Sudan: the failure of Guerrilla Government?" Journal of Eastern African Studies 9, no. 1 (January 2, 2015): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2014.993210.
33
Roberts, David. "Surveying South Sudan: The Liberal, the Local and the Legitimate." Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding 7, no. 1 (March 2013): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17502977.2012.655620.
34
Maystadt, J. F., M. Calderone, and L. You. "Local warming and violent conflict in North and South Sudan." Journal of Economic Geography 15, no. 3 (September 8, 2014): 649–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbu033.
35
da Costa, Diana Felix, and John Karlsrud. "Contextualising Liberal Peacebuilding for Local Circumstances: Unmiss and Local Peacebuilding In South Sudan." Journal of Peacebuilding & Development 7, no. 2 (August 2012): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15423166.2012.743814.
36
Putoto, Giovanni, Antonella Cortese, Ilaria Pecorari, Roberto Musi, and Enrico Nunziata. "Harmonization of clinical laboratories in Africa: a multidisciplinary approach to identify innovative and sustainable technical solutions." Diagnosis 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dx-2014-0071.
Abstract:
AbstractIn an effective and efficient health system, laboratory medicine should play a critical role. This is not the case in Africa, where there is a lack of demand for diagnostic exams due to mistrust of health laboratory performance. Doctors with Africa CUAMM (Collegio Universitario Aspiranti Medici Missionari) is a non-profit organization, working mainly in sub-Saharan Africa (Angola, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda) to help and sustain local health systems. Doctors with Africa CUAMM has advocated the need for a harmonized model for health laboratories to assess and evaluate the performance of the facilities in which they operate.In order to develop a harmonized model for African health laboratories, previous attempts at strengthening them through standardization were taken into consideration and reviewed. A survey with four Italian clinicians experienced in the field was then performed to try and understand the actual needs of health facilities. Finally a market survey was conducted to find new technologies able to update the resulting model.Comparison of actual laboratories with the developed standard – which represents the best setting any African health laboratory could aim for – allowed shortcomings in expected services to be identified and interventions subsequently prioritized. The most appropriate equipment was proposed to perform the envisaged techniques. The suitability of appliances was evaluated in consideration of recognized international recommendations, reported experiences in the field, and the availability of innovative solutions that can be performed on site in rural areas, but require minimal sample preparation and little technical expertise.: The present work has developed a new, up-to-date, harmonized model for African health laboratories. The authors suggest lists of procedures to challenge the major African health problems – HIV/AIDS, malaria, tubercolosis (TB) – at each level of pyramidal health system. This model will hopefully support the non-governmental organization (NGO) Doctors with Africa CUAMM in its activities in sub-Saharan hospitals, providing them with a guideline to programme future interventions.
37
Cameron, Robert. "The democratisation of South African local government." Local Government Studies 22, no. 1 (March 1996): 19–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03003939608433806.
38
PYCROFT, CHRISTOPHER. "Local government in the new South Africa." Public Administration and Development 16, no. 3 (August 1996): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-162x(199608)16:3<233::aid-pad878>3.0.co;2-e.
39
Cameron, R. "The Upliftment of South African Local Government?" Local Government Studies 27, no. 3 (September 2001): 97–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/714004109.
40
Seethal, Cecil. "South Africa's local government elections of 2011." South African Geographical Journal 94, no. 1 (April 10, 2012): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649365.2012.676879.
41
Dorywalski, Sebastian, and Oleksandr Veretilnyk. "Dekada niepodległości Sudanu Południowego. Od weak state do collapsed state." Studia Politologiczne, no. 59/2021 (March 31, 2021): 320–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/spolit.2021.59.17.
Abstract:
On July 9, 2021, the Republic of South Sudan celebrate the 10th anniversary of its independence. This study is an analysis of the functioning of South Sudan as a fullfledged member of the international community. We also analyzed the mistakes made by the government of this young country over the years of its independence and found out what consequences they led.
42
Pan, Jashobanta. "Dealing with government in South Sudan: histories of Chiefship, community & state." Africa Review 6, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09744053.2014.894672.
43
Zink, Jesse. "Dealing with government in South Sudan: histories of chiefship, community and state." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des études africaines 47, no. 3 (December 2013): 575–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2014.893962.
44
Manoeli, Sebabatso. "Dealing with government in South Sudan: histories of chiefship, community and state." Commonwealth & Comparative Politics 53, no. 2 (March 18, 2015): 220–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14662043.2015.1020088.
45
Willis, J. "Tribal Gatherings: Colonial Spectacle, Native Administration and Local Government In Condominium Sudan." Past & Present 211, no. 1 (February 23, 2011): 243–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtq055.
46
Krause, Jana. "Stabilization and Local Conflicts: Communal and Civil War in South Sudan." Ethnopolitics 18, no. 5 (July 31, 2019): 478–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449057.2019.1640505.
47
Appe, Susan, and Ayelet Oreg. "Lost and Found in Upstate New York: Exploring the Motivations of “Lost Boys” Refugees as Founders of International Nonprofit Organizations." Administration & Society 52, no. 8 (November 26, 2019): 1209–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399719890311.
Abstract:
This research examines engagement in diaspora philanthropy through the lens of Lost Boys of Sudan and their founding of small international nonprofit service organizations based in the United States. We seek to understand refugees’ motivations to take upon themselves leadership roles in their local United States communities and in the provision of goods and services to their homeland, South Sudan. By becoming founders of international service nonprofits, Lost Boys make meaning of their experiences and are able to motivate local support in their United States communities to give to distant communities in South Sudan.
48
Cormack, Zoe. "BORDERS ARE GALAXIES: INTERPRETING CONTESTATIONS OVER LOCAL ADMINISTRATIVE BOUNDARIES IN SOUTH SUDAN." Africa 86, no. 3 (July 7, 2016): 504–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972016000358.
Abstract:
ABSTRACTThis article explores conflicts over local administrative boundaries in South Sudan and what these reveal about relationships between pastoralist communities and the state. Drawing on research in the Gogrial region of South Sudan, it argues that conflicts over local boundaries are rooted in the existence of different border paradigms and in subsequent attempts to resolve, sometimes violently, competing moral claims on the landscape. It draws a contrast between a Dinka concept of the border as a point that is owned and the state's concept of the border as a neutral dividing line. These concepts are based on different cultural logics, but there has been a century of interpenetration as well as conflict between them. The state has tried to lay its lines over Dinka points and local people have sought to tap the power of the state by claiming authority at administrative boundaries. These complex processes of interpenetration show how rural populations negotiate with violent state power: both in the past and in the process of forming the new state of South Sudan. They also reveal how some pastoralist populations have played an active role in shaping the geography of the state.
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Omer, Ali, Maha Kordofani, Haytham H. Gibreel, Petr Pyšek, and Mark van Kleunen. "The alien flora of Sudan and South Sudan: taxonomic and biogeographical composition." Biological Invasions 23, no. 7 (March 19, 2021): 2033–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-021-02495-7.
Abstract:
AbstractStudies on plant invasions depend on local and regional checklists of the alien flora. However, global overview studies have shown that some regions, including many African countries, remain understudied in this regard. To contribute to filling this gap, here we present the first checklist of alien plants of Sudan and South Sudan (the Sudans). We analysed the taxonomic and geographical composition of the species on this list. Our result show that of the 113 alien species in Sudans (99 in Sudan and 59 in South Sudan), 92 (81.4%) are naturalized and 21 (18.6%) are just casual aliens. The number of naturalized species represent 2.2% of the total flora of the Sudans (4096). The alien species belong to 44 families and 85 genera, and many of them are native to Southern America and Northern America (85.8%). Annual and perennial herbs are the prevailing life forms in the alien flora of the Sudans (68.1%), and, among the casual species, perennial herbs are underrepresented whereas woody tree species are over-represented. Alien plants of the Sudans are mostly used for medicinal and environmental purposes globally. The naturalized plants predominantly occur in man-made disturbed habitats, such as agricultural and ruderal habitats. This first overview of the alien flora of the Sudans should stimulate further research and recording of the alien flora to better understand the drivers and consequences of alien plants in the Sudans.
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Leonardi, Cherry. "Violence, Sacrifice and Chiefship in Central Equatoria, Southern Sudan." Africa 77, no. 4 (November 2007): 535–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2007.77.4.535.
Abstract:
AbstractThis article explores specific oral histories and chiefship debates in the aftermath of the SPLA war in two Southern Sudanese chiefdoms. It argues that these local histories reveal much about the historical relationship between state and society – and in particular the mediation with external violence – which is central to understanding the legitimacy of local authority. Rather than being the strong arm of the state, chiefs have ideally mediated and deflected state (and rebel) violence. Unlike other African examples, they have been marginal both in landowning and patrician structures, so that chiefship has offered a more inclusive and pragmatic definition of community than have patrilineal discourses. As elsewhere in Southern Sudan, the early chiefs were often proxy mediators with marginal or outside origins and their access to government force has been balanced by the continuing authority of rain chiefs, elders, senior lineages and ‘maternal uncles’. Current governance interventions which treat chiefs as sole custodians of community land and customs may not be compatible with local understandings of the role of the chief. Oral histories of chiefship origins reflect a symbolic bargain made with government and with chiefs, whereby the latter use their ‘good speech’ to mediate violence, and if necessary sacrifice themselves to ‘bail’ people from external/government force.