Relevant bibliographies by topics / Local Interaction Zone

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Local Interaction Zone'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Local Interaction Zone"

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Werdina, Ghassan M., and Omar Q. Aziz. "Interaction between the Local and General Zone for the Post-tensioned Girder Anchorage Zone." Open Civil Engineering Journal 15, no. 1 (April 16, 2021): 50–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149502115010050.

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Background: The use of post-tensioning in girders causes high bearing and compressive stresses in the anchorage zone. In this study, the behavior of the anchorage zone and the interaction between the local and general zone are investigated. The variables included different reinforcements for both the local and general zones for a block of two anchorage devices. Methods: Both experimental and numerical methods have been applied to study the behavior of the anchorage zone. The experimental part of the study involved laboratory testing of sixteen specimens, and the numerical study was conducted using ABAQUS non-linear finite element analysis. Results: Tie reinforcement provided additional confinement for the local zone, and this confinement was more for the specimens with originally less confined spiral reinforcement strength. There was a slight or no effect of the local zone reinforcement on the general zone strength and ultimate load of the anchorage zone when the failure was in the general zone. Conclusion: Confinement of the local zone prevented the brittle bearing and compression failure of this zone.
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Slayzak, S. J., R. Viskanta, and F. P. Incropera. "Effects of Interactions Between Adjoining Rows of Circular, Free-Surface Jets on Local Heat Transfer From the Impingement Surface." Journal of Heat Transfer 116, no. 1 (February 1, 1994): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910888.

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Experiments have been conducted to obtain single-phase local heat transfer coefficient distributions associated with impingement of one or two rows of circular, free-surface water jets on a constant heat flux surface. The nozzle diameter, the centerline-to-centerline distance between nozzles in a row, and the nozzle-to-heater separation distance were fixed at 4.9, 6.3, and 89.7 mm, respectively. Two row-to-row separations (81 and 51 mm) were considered, and nozzle discharge Reynolds numbers were varied over the range from 16,800 to 30,400. The interaction zone created by opposing wall jets from adjacent rows is characterized by an upwelling of spent flow (an interaction fountain) for which local coefficients can approach those of the impingement zones. Interactions between wall jets associated with nozzles in one row can create sprays that impact the adjoining row with sufficient momentum to induce a dominant/subordinate row behavior. In this case the interaction zone is juxtaposed with the subordinate row, and local coefficients in the impingement and wall jet regions of the affected row may be significantly enhanced. This result contrasts with the deleterious effects of crossflow reported for submerged jets throughout the literature. Spray-induced enhancements, as well as interaction zone maxima, increase with decreasing row-to-row pitch and with increasing Reynolds number.
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Xie, C. Y. "Genotype by environment interaction and its implications for genetic improvement of interior spruce in British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 9 (September 1, 2003): 1635–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-082.

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Ten-year height data from 232 open-pollinated interior spruce families tested in five seed planning zones located in north-central interior British Columbia were used to investigate the extent and pattern of genotype by environment (G×E) interaction and to examine the validity of the seed planning zone delineation in this region. The G×E interaction in the entire region was both statistically and practically significant, with an estimated type b genetic correlation coefficient of 0.64. The detected geographic pattern of the G×E interaction indicates that the old delineation is overly conservative, and consolidating the five old zones into the two new zones is a valid decision. A procedure was developed to convert the expected genetic gain, with respect to the old zone, to the new zone when seed from a rogued local seed orchard is used for reforestation in the entire new zone. A similar procedure was also proposed to predict the breeding value of an individual that was only tested in the old zone of its origin with respect to the new zone. Given the detected amounts of the G×E interaction, and considering other factors, using three to five sites in each new zone for the second-generation progeny testing seems to be appropriate.
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Streeck, Jürgen, and Kathryn E. Harrison. "Children’s interaction in an urban face-to-face society." Pragmatics and Society 6, no. 3 (September 28, 2015): 305–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ps.6.3.01str.

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This paper reports on a micro-ethnography of social interaction in an urban plaza in Colombia, focusing on the plaza’s role as an arena for the acquisition of interaction skills. We investigate how children of different ages initiate and sustain interactions with same-age and older peers and the efforts they make to be recognized and ‘visible’. We interpret our data in light of three theories of socialization: Corsaro’s (1997) conception of childhood as “interpretive reproduction”, Vygotsky’s (1978) model of the “zone of proximal development”, and the “structural approach” to social cognition and development (Damon 1977; Younnis 1984). While a social form like the plaza, which is collectively enacted by members of all age groups of the local community, provides children with an extraordinarily rich array of opportunities to develop social communication skills by interacting with older and younger peers, our analysis also demonstrates that children, as they are building zones of proximal development for themselves, play a central role in assembling, integrating, and sustaining the neighborhood as a face-to-face society. In this fashion, the paper illustrates how the micro-analysis of social interaction can contribute to the analysis of social ‘macro’ forms.
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Samsonov, T. E., and K. S. Trigub. "Mapping of local climate zones of Moscow city." Geodesy and Cartography 936, no. 6 (July 20, 2018): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2018-936-6-14-25.

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Local climatic zones are areas with a uniform land cover, structure, materials and a specific character of human activity, which have a special type of interaction with the surface layer of the atmosphere. Allocating climatic zones in cities provides possibility to reduce various combinations of built-up and land cover to a limited number of classes that can be used to unify the places of observing urban heat island, and to facilitate detailed climatic and meteorological modeling. The article presents the experience of mapping the local climatic zones of Moscow based on the Landsat 8 space imagery within the framework of the WUDAPT (World Urban Database Project) project. Evaluation of quality of space imagery interpretation was carried out by the method of cross-validation of the training samples. The analysis of the derived zones distribution is presented, estimation of their content is made on the basis of OpenStreetMap data, the availability of meteorological stations in different zone types is calculated, and prospects of further research are outlined.
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Saruwatari, Ayumi, Junichi Otsuka, and Yasunori Watanabe. "SEDIMENT ADVECTION AND DIFFUSION BY OBLIQUELY DESCENDING EDDIES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.sediment.96.

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Three-dimensional vortex structures involving obliquely descending eddies (ODE), produced by depth-induced breaking-waves, has been proved to be associated with local sediment suspension in the surf zone (Zhou et al., 2017); vertical velocity fluctuations around the ODEs induces sediment suspension near the bed. Otsuka et al. (2017) explained the mechanical contributions of the ODEs to enhance local sediment suspension under the breaking waves and modeled the vortex-induced suspension to predict the profile of the equilibrium sediment concentration in the surf zone. In order to predict local behaviors of sediment, however, sediment-turbulence interactions in the transitional turbulence under breaking waves need to be understood. The interaction may be described in terms of Schmidt number (Sc). Sc has been empirically determined for trivial steady flows such as open channel or pipe flows. In the surf zone where organized flows evolve into a turbulent bore, the interaction may vary with the transitional feature of turbulence during a wave-breaking process, and thus Sc may be variable in time and space. No appropriate Sc model has been proposed for the surf zone flow. A parametric study on the sediment motion with respect to the variation of Sc is required for better prediction of sediment transport in the surf zone. In this study, contributions of the sediment advection and diffusion in the vortex structure to the concentration are computationally investigated. Effects of Sc to the sediment suspension and diffusion process will be also discussed in this work.
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Malik, L., L. N. Pussegoda, B. A. Graville, and W. R. Tyson. "Crack Arrest Toughness of a Heat-Affected Zone Containing Local Brittle Zones." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 118, no. 4 (November 1, 1996): 292–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2833918.

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The awareness of the presence of local brittle zones (LBZs) in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of welds has led to the requirements for minimum initiation (CTOD) toughness for the HAZ for critical applications (API RP 2Z, CSA S473). Such an approach, however, is expensive to implement and limits the number of potential steel suppliers. A fracture control philosophy that is proposed to be an attractive alternative for heat-affected zones containing LBZs is the prevention of crack propagation rather than of crack initiation. Such an approach would be viable if it could be demonstrated that cracks initiated in the LBZs will be arrested without causing catastrophic failure, notwithstanding the low initiation (CTOD) toughness resulting from the presence of LBZs. Unstable propagation of a crack initiating from an LBZ requires the rupture of tougher microstructural regions surrounding the LBZ in HAZ, and therefore the CTOD value reflecting the presence of LBZ is unlikely to provide a true indication of the potential for fast fracture along the heat-affected zone. Base metal specifications (CSA S473) usually ensure that small unstable cracks propagating from the weld zone into the base metal would be arrested. Past work has also shown that unstable crack initiation resulting from interaction of surface semi-elliptical cracks parallel to the fusion boundary with the local brittle zones can get arrested once the crack has popped through the depth of the LBZ. However, the potential for arrest when a through-thickness HAZ crack runs parallel to the fusion boundary, and thus parallel to the LBZs, has not been examined previously. To investigate the likelihood of fast fracture within the HAZ, a test program has been carried out that involved performing compact plane strain (ASTM E1221) and plane stress crack arrest tests on a heataffected zone that contained LBZs, and thus exhibited unacceptable low CTOD toughness for resistance to brittle fracture initiation. The results indicated that in contrast to the initiation toughness (CTOD toughness), the crack arrest toughness was little influenced by the presence of local brittle zones. Instead, the superior toughness of the larger proportion of finer-grain HAZ surrounding the LBZ present along the crack path has a greater influence on the crack arrest toughness. It further seems that there may be potential to estimate the HAZ crack arrest toughness from more conventional smaller-scale laboratory tests, such as conventional or precracked instrumented Charpy impact tests.
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XU, CHANG-YUE, LI-WEI CHEN, and XI-YUN LU. "NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SHOCK WAVE AND TURBULENCE INTERACTION OVER A CIRCULAR CYLINDER." Modern Physics Letters B 23, no. 03 (January 30, 2009): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984909018084.

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The interaction of shock wave and turbulence for transonic flow over a circular cylinder is investigated using detached-eddy simulation (DES). Several typical cases are calculated for free-stream Mach number M∞ from 0.85 to 0.95, and the physical mechanisms relevant to the shock wave and turbulence interaction are discussed. Results show that there exist two flow states. One is unsteady flow state with moving shock waves interacting with turbulent flow for M∞ < 0.9 approximately, and the other is quasi-steady flow with stationary shocks standing over the wake of the cylinder for M∞ > 0.9, suppressing the vortex shedding from the cylinder. Moreover, local supersonic zones are identified in the wake of the cylinder and generated by two processes, i.e., reverse flow and shock wave distortion induced the supersonic zone. Turbulent shear layer instabilities are revealed and associated with moving shock wave and traveling pressure wave.
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Pokhotelov, O. A., V. A. Pilipenko, and M. Parrot. "Strong atmospheric disturbances as a possible origin of inner zone particle diffusion." Annales Geophysicae 17, no. 4 (April 30, 1999): 526–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-0526-2.

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Abstract. A new mechanism of the atmosphere-magnetosphere interaction, which might be called "acoustic-magnetospheric cyclotron accelerator", is proposed. The idea of this mechanism stems from the fact that strong acoustical perturbations in the ionosphere (e.g., due to earthquakes, thunderstorms, etc.) may generate magnetic disturbances in the magnetosphere. Then, the latter will induce local resonant acceleration and subsequent inward diffusion of trapped particles. This idea may be fruitful in the interpretation of some occasional increases in inner zone particle fluxes which do not correlate with the solar or magnetospheric activities.Key words. Ionosphere (active experiments; ionosphere-atmosphere interactions; particle acceleration)
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Schaefer, Florian, Matthias Thielen, Michael Marx, and Christian Motz. "How to Measure a Dislocation’s Breakthrough Stress to Estimate the Grain Boundary Resistance against Slip Transfer Based on the DFZ-Model of Fracture." Solid State Phenomena 258 (December 2016): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.258.93.

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Stage-I-fatigue-cracks are used as highly localized dislocation sources with well-known Burger’s vectors to study the interaction between dislocations and grain boundaries. This interaction in the plastic zone is of particular interest to understand the fluctuating crack growth in the very short crack regime. In the case of a blocked slip band the dislocations pile up at the grain boundary causing a local stress concentration. The resulting local stress distribution is calculated based on measurements of the dislocation density distribution in the plastic zone. For this purpose the slip line profiles were measured by AFM, the dislocation density distribution was determined and the dislocation-free zone model of fracture (DFZ) was validated. With this it is possible to quantify the grain boundary resistance and to combine geometric and stress approach for grain boundary resistance against slip transfer.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Local Interaction Zone"

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Marten, Tobias. "Ab-initio study of disorder broadening of core photoemission spectra in random metallic alloys." Thesis, Linköping University, The Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2580.

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Ab-initio results of the core-level shift and the distribution about the average for the 3d5/2 electrons of Ag, Pd and 2p3/2 of Cu are presented for the face-centered-cubic AgPd and CuPd random alloys. The complete screening model, which includes both initial and final states effects in the same scheme, has been used in the investigations.

The alloys have been modeled with a supercell containing 256 atoms. Density-functional theory calculations are carried out using the locally self consistent Green's function approach.

Results from the calculations clearly shows that the core-level shift distributions characteristic is Gaussian, but the components reveals a substantial difference in the FWHM (Full-Width at Half-Maximum). Comparison between the experimental and the calculated broadening shows a remarkable agreement.

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Ramadan, Mohamad Fahmy A. "Interactive urban form design of local climate scale in hot semi-arid zone." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15120/.

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Books on the topic "Local Interaction Zone"

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Verhoeven, Wil. The Global British Novel. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199574803.003.0031.

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This chapter focuses on the global British novel. While the novel as such has its roots in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century romance, the British novel owes its emergence and subsequent rise to global supremacy during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to the expansion and ascendancy of the British Empire. The history of the globalization of the British novel in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries is therefore by necessity a history of negotiations and compromises between the foreign British form at the core of the literary system and the various local realities in the peripheral zones. Consequently, the chapter's discussion of the British novel's transmission to America, the West Indies, India, and Europe will focus on variations in the dynamic interaction between the core's formal influence and local resistance; between hegemonic ideology and local mentalités; and between global markets and local material practices.
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Book chapters on the topic "Local Interaction Zone"

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Song, Jinghua, and Sirui Sun. "Research on Architectural Form Optimization Method Based on Environmental Performance-Driven Design." In Proceedings of the 2020 DigitalFUTURES, 217–28. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4400-6_21.

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AbstractIn the context of contemporary environment and society, the architectural form optimization based on Environmental performance-driven design is a method by using environmental performance data to optimize the architectural form. Its value lies in dealing with the interaction between architecture and environment, and developing architecture with environmental sustainability. This thesis summarizes the similarities and differences between performance-driven form design and traditional bionic form design. The traditional bionic design separates the bionic object from its complex living environment, and its simple imitation tends to fall into the local rather than the global optimum. However, performance-driven design is different from bionic design. It advocates environmental factors as a driving factor rather than a confrontational factor. It is a systematic global optimal method for studying architectural form. This paper puts forward the specific architectural form optimization simulation process based on the performance-driven thought. Taking the multilayer parking building design of the riparian zone on the south bank of Chongqing as an example, the parametric design method is used to obtain architectural optimization form adapted to the environment.
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Trémon, Anne-Christine. "Scales of Change and Diagnostic Contradictions: Shifting Relations Between an Emigrant Community and Its Diaspora." In Methodological Approaches to Societies in Transformation, 33–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65067-4_2.

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AbstractThe specific question this chapter addresses is how to account ethnographically for change that unfolds on spatial and temporal scales larger than those of the ethnographic field study without opposing the local site to global forces. My research engages a processual approach which examines the effects of China’s transformations and the creation of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone on the relationship between the members of a former emigrant community and their diaspora. I propose an analytical distinction between two relational dimensions of scale in which social action can be considered: scale as the scope of social systems or chains of interdependence that extend in space and time and in which actions and interactions take place, and scale as valence, i.e., the desirability of scale defined relative to other scales, generating “scalar projects.” I focus on how contradictions in the collected field materials are telling signs of accelerated change that generate conflicts of scale, and use such “diagnostic contradictions” as a starting point for understanding how people attempt to make sense of rapid change and reconceptualize the valence of local and global scales.
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Emer, Carine, and Sérgio Timóteo. "How a network approach has advanced the field of plant invasion ecology." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 324–39. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0324.

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Abstract Every organism on Earth, whether in natural or anthropogenic environments, is connected to a complex web of life, the famous 'entangled bank' coined by Darwin in 1859. Non-native species can integrate into local 'banks' by establishing novel associations with the resident species. In that context, network ecology has been an important tool to study the interactions of non-native species and the effects on recipient communities due to its ability to simultaneously investigate the assembly and disassembly of species interactions as well as their functional roles. Its visually appealing tools and relatively simple metrics gained momentum among scientists and are increasingly applied in different areas of ecology, from the more theoretical grounds to applied research on restoration and conservation. A network approach helps us to understand how plant invasions may or may not form novel species associations, how they change the structure of invaded communities, the outcomes for ecosystem functionality and, ultimately, the implications for the conservation of ecological interactions. Networks have been widely used on pollination studies, especially from temperate zones, unveiling their nested patterns and the mechanisms by which non-native plants integrate into local communities. Yet, very few papers have used network approaches to assess plant invasion effects in other systems such as plant-herbivore, plant-pathogen or seed-dispersal processes. Here we describe how joining network ecology with plant invasion biology started and how it has developed over the last few decades. We show the extent of its contribution, despite contradictory results and biases, to a better understanding of the role of non-native plant species in shaping community structure. Finally, we explore how it can be further improved to answer emerging questions.
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Baltzinger, Christophe, Ushma Shukla, Lindelwa S. Msweli, and Colleen T. Downs. "Ungulates as dispersal vectors of non-native plants." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 105–37. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0105.

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Abstract Ungulates are present worldwide with 257 recorded species, including livestock. They cover different functional gradients, be it feeding regime, digestive strategy, body size, body mass, fur characteristics or sociality. All these specificities may intervene at different stages of animal-mediated plant dispersal. Ungulates move diaspores from both native and non-native plants, through endo- and epizoochory. Initially introduced by humans, non-native plants bearing specific traits can be carried over long distances and to new environments by ungulates. These vectors can further free local resources necessary for the germination and the subsequent growth of the released diaspores. We first looked at trait-based plant community changes at different timescales in the presence of different native ungulates. We then reviewed the literature on endozoochory, regurgitation and fur-epizoochory assisted by ungulates, focusing on the dispersal of non-native plants. We made an overall assessment of ungulate-mediated non-native plant dispersal by biogeographical zone and dispersal mode, and then provided additional information on plant growth form and taxonomy, vectors and associated modes of dispersal. Results are presented for four main ungulate families: Cervidae, Bovidae, Suidae and Equidae. For each family, we highlight our findings either by ungulate if sufficiently represented (e.g. Odocoileus virginianus, Bison bison, Bos taurus) or by group of species. According to their feeding regime, grazers dispersed solely forbs and graminoids whereas omnivores also dispersed plants from other growth forms (i.e. cactus, vine, shrub and tree). Numerous non-native plants are dispersed by ungulates around the world, but this is probably the visible part of the iceberg, as only 32 ungulates (i.e. 12%) have been studied as vectors so far, suggesting their overall contribution is certainly underrated.
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Feuer, Bryan. "Modeling Differential Cultural Interaction in Late Bronze Age Thessaly." In Modeling Cross-Cultural Interaction in Ancient Borderlands. University Press of Florida, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813056883.003.0003.

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On the northern border of Mycenaean civilization and encompassing several ecological zones, the province of Thessaly represents an opportunity to test the Cross-Cultural Interaction Model involving processes such as acculturation and ethnogenesis in a border/frontier zone. In the Late Bronze Age (c. 1600–1100 BC) southeastern Thessaly, with a climate and topography similar to the Mycenaean core zone of southern and central Greece, was in direct contact with the centers of Mycenaean civilization and evolved in a similar manner, while in the inner plains further north, a transition zone between the Mediterranean environment of the coast and the Continental environment of southeastern Europe, local elites selectively adopted some aspects of Mycenaean culture, and in the mountainous zone further to the north and west nomadic pastoral tribes had little contact with the Mycenaean world and were even more selective borrowing cultural elements.
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Parlance, J. Y., and T. S. Steenhuis. "Soil Properties and Water Movement." In Vadose Zone Hydrology. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195109900.003.0008.

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For all spatial scales, from pore through local and field, to a watershed, interaction of the land surface with the atmosphere will be one of the crucial topics in hydrology and environmental sciences over the forthcoming years. The recent lack of water in many parts of the world shows that there is an urgent need to assess our knowledge on the soil moisture dynamics. The difficulty of parameterization of soil hydrological processes lies not only in the nonlinearity of the unsaturated flow equation but also in the mismatch between the scales of measurements and the scale of model predictions. Most standard measurements of soil physical parameters provide information only at the local scale and highlight the underlying variability in soil hydrological characteristics. The efficiency of soil characteristic parameterization for the field scale depends on the clear definition of the functional relationships and parameters to be measured, and on the development of possible methods for the determination of soil characteristics with a realistic use time and effort. The soil’s hydraulic properties that affect the flow behavior can be expressed by a soil water retention curve that describes the relation between volumetric water content, θ(L3L3), and soil water pressure, h(L), plus the relation between volumetric water content and hydraulic conductivity, K(L/T). In the next section, the determination of soil hydraulic parameters is first discussed for local and field scale. Then, we show how the pore-scale processes can be linked to soil hydraulic properties. These properties are then used in some of the modern methods that use integral and superposition solutions of Richards’ equation for infiltration and water flow problems for both stable and preferential types of flows. Finally, some practical aspects for watersheds are discussed to highlight the difficulties encountered when large-scale predictions are needed.
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Aimers, James, Elizabeth Haussner, Dori Farthing, and Satoru Murata. "An Expedient Pottery Technology and Its Implications for Ancient Maya Trade and Interaction." In Perspectives on the Ancient Maya of Chetumal Bay. University Press of Florida, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813062792.003.0008.

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This chapter considers one of the crudest types of pottery ever produced by the ancient Maya, Coconut Walk Plain, a ware that has been interpreted to have been used in evaporative salt production along coastal lagoons and on Ambergris Caye in Belize. A series of similar types, including Rio Juan Unslipped, spans the Preclassic to the Postclassic periods, linking the long-lived salt trade to coastal communities such as Marco Gonzalez. The authors use recent advances in ceramic petrography to identify an imported temper in these poorly made wares that seems counterintuitive for an expedient pottery vessel. Their research suggests that coastal communities considered the entire bay area as a local resource procurement zone because canoe transport was readily available to procure distant resources.
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Reilly, Matthew C. "“Poor Whites” on the Peripheries." In Archaeologies of Slavery and Freedom in the Caribbean. University Press of Florida, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400035.003.0003.

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This chapter explores socioeconomic interactions between “Poor Whites” or “Redlegs” and Afro-Barbadians as interpreted through material culture and a particular reading of a Barbadian plantation landscape. The tenantry of Below Cliff, now shrouded in dense forest, is located on the “rab” land or marginal zone of Clifton Hall plantation deemed unsuitable for large-scale agricultural production. Despite the marginality of the space in terms of plantation production and a perceived socioeconomic isolation of island “poor whites” in general, Below Cliff was a space of heightened interracial interaction. I argue that such seemingly marginal spaces (as well as the people who inhabit them) are significant arenas through which to explore the dynamic and nuanced race relations that play out in everyday life on and around the plantation. While plantation slavery was crucial in the development of modern racial ideologies and hierarchies, including attempts to rigidly impose and police racial boundaries, archaeological evidence suggests that on the local level these boundaries were exceedingly porous.
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Feng, Zhiqiang, and Paul Boyle. "Estimating Spatially Consistent Interaction Flows Across Three Censuses." In Technologies for Migration and Commuting Analysis, 242–60. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-755-8.ch013.

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A significant problem facing geographical researchers who wish to compare migration and commuting flows over time is that the boundaries of the geographical areas, between which flows are recorded, often change. This chapter describes an innovative method for re-estimating the migration and commuting data collected in the 1981 and 1991 Censuses for the geographical units used in the 2001 Census. The estimated interaction data are provided as origin-destination flow matrices for wards in England and Wales and pseudo-postcode sectors in Scotland. Altogether, there were about 10,000 zones in 1981, 1991 and 2001, providing huge but sparsely populated matrices of 10,000 by 10,000 cells. Because of the changing boundaries during inter-censal periods, virtually no work has attempted to compare local level migration and commuting flows in the two decades, 1981-91 and 1991-2001. The re-estimated spatially consistent interaction flows described here allow such comparisons to be made and we use migration change in England and commuting change in Liverpool to demonstrate the value of these new data.
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Schainker, Ellie R. "Shtetls, Taverns, and Baptisms." In Confessions of the Shtetl. Stanford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9780804798280.003.0004.

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Chapter 3 explores the social dynamics of religious toleration and the confessional state from below by examining the spaces of Jewish conversion. The chapter presents a range of conversion narratives which locate interfaith encounters at the local tavern as the springboard for migrating to a different confessional community. It analyzes daily social interactions among Jewish and neighboring Polish, Lithuanian, Belorussian, and Ukrainian communities, and how these encounters nurtured intimate knowledge of other confessional lifestyles, facilitated interfaith relationships, and provided access to the personnel and institutions of other faiths. By taking a geographical approach, the chapter presents the western provincial towns and villages of imperial Russia as interreligious zones wherein conversion was predicated on interconfessional networks, sociability, and a personal familiarity with Christianity via its adherents. In exploring forms of encounter, the chapter highlights the role of the local godparent—often local elites or civil/military personnel—in facilitating confessional transfers.
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Conference papers on the topic "Local Interaction Zone"

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Zhao, Jian, James Sullivan, John Zayac, and Ted D. Bennett. "Thermophysical Modeling of CO2 Laser-Silica Glass Interaction." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-55026.

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The thermophysical nature of rapid CO2 laser heating of silica glass is explored using a numerical simulation that considers the temperature dependence of the glass thermophysical properties. A three dimensional heat transport model is developed to investigate the change in glass fictive temperature that occurs as a result of a CW CO2 laser processing of silica glass. The model reveals that the laser processing results in an increase in fictive temperature in the local laser affected zone. The fictive temperature is elevated by about 1000K, uniform to within 5% over the laser affected zone, and transitions abruptly to the untreated glass value outside of the laser affected zone. This increase corresponds to a change in the glass physical and chemical properties, which can be revealed through wet chemical etching. The relationship between etch rate and the fictive temperature is determined by etching samples of known fictive temperature. The thermal penetration depth, defined as the maximum depth to which the glass fictive temperature is increased by the laser-silica glass interaction, can be determined from the thermophysical model and compared with the results from wet chemical etching.
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2

Taylor, Rocky S., and Martin Richard. "Development of a Probabilistic Ice Load Model Based on Empirical Descriptions of High Pressure Zone Attributes." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-24353.

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During an ice-structure interaction, the localization of contact into high pressure zones (hpzs) has important implications for the manner in which loads are transmitted to the structure. In a companion paper, new methods for extracting empirical descriptions of the attributes of individual hpzs from tactile sensor field data for thin first-year sea ice have been presented. In the present paper these new empirical hpz relationships have been incorporated into a probabilistic ice load model, which has been used to simulate ice loads during level ice interactions with a rigid structure. Additional aspects of the ice failure process, such as relationships between individual hpzs and the spatial-temporal distribution of hpzs during an interaction have also been explored. Preliminary results from the empirical hpz ice load model have been compared with existing empirical models and are discussed in the context of both local and global loads acting on offshore structures.
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Bauer, H. J., L. Eigenmann, B. Scherrer, and S. Wittig. "Local Measurements in a Three Dimensional Jet-Stabilized Model Combustor." In ASME 1995 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/95-gt-071.

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Measurements of velocity, temperature and species concentration in a three dimensional jet-stabilized combustor are presented. The modular design of the combustor permits the use of either gaseous or liquid fuels. For the investigations presented here, fuel oil has been chosen which is atomized by an air-blast atomizer. Access to the reacting flow field for probes as well as for non intrusive optical measurement techniques is provided by several windows along the combustor axis. Velocity measurements in the mixing zone and even in the primary zone of the combustor are performed by means of a two-component Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDA). Platinum rhodium/platinum thermocouples (PtRh/Pt) specially designed for reduced internal heat losses are used for the investigation of the temperature field. A cranked, water cooled probe is employed in order to detect local species concentrations. The experimental results reveal detailed information about the characteristics of the reacting flow field. The interaction of fuel atomization and flame stabilization in the primary zone is illustrated by a direct comparison with experimental data of the gaseous fuel case investigated earlier [ 1 ]. The results gained here serve as an excellent database to verify numerical models for the description of liquid spray combustion.
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Ageiev, Sergii, Igor Orynyak, Sergii Radchenko, and Maksym Zarazovskii. "Local Limit Load Analytical Model for Thick-Walled Pipe With Axial Surface Defect." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28666.

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Based on the previous limit load analytical modeling for cracked thin-walled pipe [1] the limit load model for thick-walled pipe had developed. There are some additional peculiarities included in proposed model. First, the radial stresses distribution and their accounting for the Tresca’s criterion. Second, the crack location and related to it the interaction of hoop stress (due to the inner pressure) and axial one (caused by local bending moment) in the limit state. Third, hoop stress redistribution with possibility of plastic hinge forming in the zone, which is opposite to the crack zone. Forth, an analysis of derived easy to use analytical formulas by comparing with results of full-scale burst test.
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Wijeyakulasuriya, Sameera D., Manikanda Rajagopal, and Razi Nalim. "Shock-Flame Interaction Modeling in a Constant-Volume Combustion Channel Using Detailed Chemical Kinetics and Automatic Mesh Refinement." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-94617.

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More efficient and powerful gas turbine engines can be designed using constant-volume combustors that may involve ignition of a combustible mixture using a hot gas jet, subsequent flame and pressure-wave propagation, and their interactions. Accurate prediction of three-dimensional transient turbulent combustion is computationally challenging. To resolve propagating turbulent combustion, predict ignition, and track pressure waves accurately requires techniques to minimize the numerical cell count and kinetics calculation times. This study of shock-flame interaction (SFI) used detailed chemistry that includes low-temperature ignition reactions. Computational cells with similar temperatures and composition were grouped as ‘zones’ where kinetics are solved only once per zone per time step, using average values of species concentrations and thermodynamic properties for that zone. This avoids expensive kinetic calculations in every computational cell, with considerable speedup. A relatively coarser initial mesh was refined selectively and automatically, based on predicted velocity and temperature gradients, tracking propagating pressure waves and flames. The time step is variable, limited by the local speed of sound, to ensure accurate wave propagation. These techniques, previously validated for non-premixed, premixed and multiple-fuel turbulent combustion in industrial IC engines, are applied to study SFI during premixed combustion in a long constant-volume combustor.
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Adamyan, Yu E., D. I. Alekseev, L. V. Chernenkaya, S. I. Krivosheev, S. G. Magazinov, and V. V. Titkov. "Interaction the high-density pulse current with material in the zone of local conduction disturbance at the edge of a thin wall magnetic system." In 2018 16th International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics (MEGAGAUSS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/megagauss.2018.8722688.

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Bezensek, B., and E. McCulloch. "Interaction of Twin Non-Aligned Through-Wall Flaws Under Elastic-Plastic Conditions." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93373.

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Elastic-plastic calculations have been performed for the geometry containing twin non-aligned through-wall flaws in tension. Such geometries develop localised shear flow fields in which neighbouring flaws interact over much larger separations than currently allowed for in the codes [1–3] under elastic-plastic conditions. J values have been obtained in the annular zone spanning directions directly ahead of the crack, to the geometric angle which connects the two crack tips. It was found that elastic-plastic conditions give rise to a local mixed mode problem, where maximum J values rotate off the plane of the flaw, towards the neighbouring flaws. Interaction factors have been defined by comparing elastic-plastic stress intensity factors for twin flaw configuration with the values for the single flaw. A significant interaction has been observed for geometries with vertical separation less than the length of the flaw (H&lt;L). Interaction based on the ratio of the local to global limit loads has also been examined and shows interaction up to the vertical separations of H=1.5L, largely independent of the horizontal separation.
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Krishnamoorthy, Srikumar, and Changxue Xu. "Fabrication of a Graded Micropillar Surface for Guided Cell Migration." In ASME 2020 15th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2020-8332.

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Abstract The migration of cells is caused by the interaction of cells and the local microenvironment around them, such as changes in stiffness, chemical gradients etc. The local topography of substrates in contact with cells is a key factor that regulates the migration of cells. The interaction between the topography of the substrate and cells is crucial for the understanding of tissue development and regeneration. In this paper, the fabrication of a graded micropillar substrate for studying topography-based cell migration is described in detail. The fabrication protocol comprises of the utilization of dynamic maskless lithography system, capillary molding, and corona arc surface treatment. The fabricated micropillar substrate has been shown and the cells have been successfully seeded on the substrate. Guided cell migration on the substrate with graded microtopography has been demonstrated to occur from the sparser zone to the denser zone. Moreover, some examples of potential applications are provided.
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Taelman, L., J. Bols, J. Degroote, V. Muthurangu, J. Panzer, A. Swillens, J. Vierendeels, and P. Segers. "Predicting the Functional Impact of Residual Aortic Coarctation Lesions Using Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulations." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80177.

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Aortic coarctation is a congenital disease, characterized by a narrowing of the upper descending aorta, obstructing the blood flow from the heart towards the lower part of the body. The treatment can be minimally invasive using a stent and/or a balloon catheter to dilate the coarctation zone, or the narrow section can be removed surgically. Even after a successful treatment, a high risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality remains. Two aspects contribute to this increased risk: (1) a residual narrowing, leading to an additional resistance in the arterial system and (2) a local stiffening after treatment, disturbing the buffer function of the aorta. Moreover, these residual narrowing and stiffening lead to an impedance mismatch and are a source of wave reflections that reach the heart fast, given the short distance to the heart.
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Kudriavtsev, Vladimir, Satoyuki Kawano, T. Isoyama, H. Arai, T. Yambe, Y. Abe, K. Imachi, S. Nitta, and H. Hashimoto. "Numerical Study on Fluid-Structure Interaction in VFP Artificial Heart With Jelly-Fish Valve." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45114.

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We analyze sinusoidal pulsating flow that develops in the vibrating flow pump (VFP) artificial heart casing. In such system flow is induced by the axial movements of the vibrating pipe. Pipe is capped with the flexible thin disk that is called jelly-fish valve (JFV). Valve is opened during the downward pipe motion and is closed during the upward motion. Valve movement is very similar with the movement of falcon wings. It is due to the pipe motion and happens under the influence of fluid inertial, JFV spring, fluid shear and pressure forces. Authors utilized industrial strength CFD-ACE+/FEMSTRESS software package from CFDRC to analyze dynamic fluid-structure interaction, flow velocity field and time-dependent vorticity distribution. It was shown in the previous studies that blood hemolysis is closely correlated with the maximum values of vorticity fianction ω. In the paper we analyzed valve deformation, related flowfield and vorticity at different transient flow conditions. We can clearly conclude that dynamic formulation allows us to estimate and pinpoint with much greater accuracy the local maxima in vorticity. Vorticity peaks in two areas. First zone is at valve/pipe throat and second zone is at the casing throat. Vorticity is highest at the casing wall, thus pointing the direction for design improvements. Reduction in JFV stiffness helps to open valve wider and to reduce flow vorticity in its vicinity. These are work-in-progress results and additional studies will follow.
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