Academic literature on the topic 'Local ordinances'

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Journal articles on the topic "Local ordinances"

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Park, Nara. "Global Environment and Local Governments: Global Norms, Policy Adoption, and Local Diffusion." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 19, no. 2 (2021): 279–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/19.2.279-303(2021).

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This article investigates a central question in modern organization theory, how organizations adapt to environmental changes by examining the diffusion of environmental ordinances among Korean local governments, 1995 to 2016. There are two waves in the diffusion; ‘Environment Basic Ordinance (1996-2007)’ and ‘Green Growth Ordinance (2010-2013).’ We argue that Korean local governments have increasingly become autonomous and accountable actors that respond to diversified stimulus from surrounding environments, while also concerning about their own needs and capacity. Hence, in adopting ‘Green Gr
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Weilert, Trina, Wei Ji, and Opeyemi Zubair. "Assessing the Impacts of Streamside Ordinance Protection on the Spatial and Temporal Variability in Urban Riparian Vegetation." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 7, no. 7 (2018): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7070282.

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Preserving riparian vegetation is important for maintaining water quality and riparian functions. Streamside protection ordinances have been widely established in many rapidly urbanizing areas, however, there has been a lack of assessment of the effectiveness of such ordinances. A study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of riparian vegetation preservation with and without ordinance protection. SPOT imagery was used to classify landscape changes over time (1992 through 2012) across multiple jurisdictions and pre- and post-ordinance implementation periods. Results indicated the spatia
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Arnold, N. Scott. "Postmodern Liberalism and the Expressive Function of Law." Social Philosophy and Policy 17, no. 1 (2000): 87–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052500002545.

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In 1992, the city of Boulder, Colorado, passed an ordinance forbidding discrimination against homosexuals in employment and housing. Two years later, voters in the state of Colorado passed a constitutional amendment forbidding the passage of local ordinances prohibiting this form of discrimination. The constitutional amendment did not mandate discrimination against homosexuals; it merely nullified ordinances such as Boulder's. The amendment was later struck down by the U.S. Supreme Court as unconstitutional.
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Reese, Laura A., and Kellee M. Remer. "Best Practices in Local Animal Control Ordinances." State and Local Government Review 49, no. 2 (2017): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160323x17731889.

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Inadequate animal control ordinances can lead to increased health risks from dog bites, lawsuits from dog attacks, complaints about nuisance issues, improper care of and lack of protection for companion animals, and animal suffering. Yet, no research to date has explored the nature of extant local animal control ordinances nor assessed how closely they match best practice guidelines. This article provides information to public officials on model policy by examining local animal control ordinances in Michigan, comparing existing policy to best practice models, identifying the types of communiti
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Park, Young Soo. "A Study on the Necessity of Enactment of Framework Act on Social Economy: Focusing on the Status and Contents of Si and Gun’s Local Ordinances related to Social Economy in Gyeonggi-do." Center for Social Welfare Research Yonsei University 66, no. 1 (2020): 101–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17997/swry.66.1.4.

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Social-economic entities, such as village enterprises and cooperatives, have appeared in addition to social enterprises since the ‘Social Enterprise Promotion Act’ was enacted, and local governments have established ordinances to support them. However, the ordinances have not been generalised and applied as there is no specific definition of ‘Social Economy’ in the applicable parent Act - Social Enterprise Promotion Act. This research aims to revitalise the social economy in local cities and counties in Gyeonggi-do. Thus, the paper has conducted a comparative analysis of the characteristics of
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Prisley, Stephen P., David R. Daversa, and Michael J. Mortimer. "Estimation of Forest Area Affected by Local Ordinances: A Virginia Case Study." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 30, no. 4 (2006): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/30.4.188.

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Abstract Local governments may enact ordinances that have a substantial impact on forestry operations. Direct estimation of the economic impact of ordinances requires site-specific forest inventory data and management assumptions. In this study, we attempt to quantify, for four counties in Virginia,the forest area that would be subjected to timber harvesting restrictions under local ordinances. Ordinances that restrict timber harvesting within buffer zones of roads, streams, and property boundaries were simulated for four study counties. Using GIS overlay analysis with forest cover data,estima
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Rogers, Everett M., and Jeffery C. Peterson. "Diffusion of Clean Indoor Air Ordinances in the Southwestern United States." Health Education & Behavior 35, no. 5 (2006): 683–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198106296767.

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The authors investigate the process through which clean indoor air ordinances were considered in 10 communities in the southwestern United States and key factors that influenced diffusion and adoption. Clean indoor air ordinances, which ban smoking in public places, were adopted in approximately 1,409 U.S. communities from 1986 to April 2004. The authors gathered data from 10 communities in New Mexico and Texas by means of face-to-face interview, e-mail, and telephone interviews and by analyzing archival materials. Important influences on the adoption or rejection of clean indoor air ordinance
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Fitzpatrick, Thomas J., Lisa Nelson, Francisca G. C. Richter, and Stephan Whitaker. "Can Local Ordinances Prevent Neighborhood Destabilization?" Housing Policy Debate 26, no. 3 (2016): 517–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2015.1123754.

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Hochmuth, George, Terril Nell, J. Bryan Unruh, Laurie Trenholm, and Jerry Sartain. "Potential Unintended Consequences Associated with Urban Fertilizer Bans in Florida—A Scientific Review." HortTechnology 22, no. 5 (2012): 600–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.22.5.600.

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Degraded inland and coastal water quality is a critical statewide concern in Florida and other states. Nutrients released from land-based human activities are present in water bodies resulting in algal blooms and increased eutrophication that impairs water bodies for their intended uses. There are differing approaches to addressing eutrophication, including voluntary adoption of current best management practices (BMPs) for nutrients, state regulation, or local county or municipal ordinances. The local ordinance, some including a summer (or so-called “wet season”) fertilizer ban or “blackout,”
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Swanson, Jeffrey, and Charles Barrilleaux. "State Government Preemption of Local Government Decisions Through the State Courts." Urban Affairs Review 56, no. 2 (2018): 671–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087418783273.

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What factors are associated with state government preemption of local government policies? This research asks whether state courts limit local authority in areas in which local preferences differ from the state’s, and whether this is conditioned by the level of autonomy the state grants the local government. Using a newly constructed data set of 404 local governments that had local ordinances challenged in state courts between the years 1996 and 2017, we find that local governments with citizen ideological preferences that differ from the state are less likely to have an ordinance preempted by
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Local ordinances"

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Ehn, Wolter. "Mötet mellan centralt och lokalt studier i uppländska byordningar /." Uppsala : Dialekt- och folkminnesarkivet, 1991. http://books.google.com/books?id=LJAZAAAAIAAJ.

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Marshall, Dwan C. "Progression of local tobacco ordinances affecting restaurants in Ohio 1992 - 2003 /." Cincinnati, Ohio University of Cincinnati, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1102904634.

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MARSHALL, DWAN C. "PROGRESSION OF LOCAL TOBACCO ORDINANCES AFFECTING RESTAURANTS IN OHIO 1992 - 2003." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1102904634.

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Martus, Christopher E. "The distribution and objectives of local forestry-related ordinances in the United States." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08042009-040400/.

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Shoop, Diane E. Cigler Beverly A. "Problem definition and agenda setting among Pennsylvania's municipal governments sex offender residency restriction ordinances /." [University Park, Pa.] : Pennsylvania State University, 2009. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-4568/index.html.

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Johnson, William F. "Survey and Analysis of Local Forestry-Related Ordinances in the Northeast, Mid-West, and Western United States." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10151.

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In the United States, federal, state, and local forest policies affect many aspects of the forest industry. Regulations from all levels dictate how resource professionals manage the forest resources of the country. This study examines state and local regulatory relationships with a primary focus on local regulations in the Northeast, Mid-West, and western regions of the United States. A total of 388 local forestry ordinances were identified among the 35 states of the Northeast, Mid-West, and western regions of the United States. The Northeast contains the majority of local forest ordinances wi
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Hori, Sayaka. "Exploring the Legal Framework of Local Groundwater Governance in Japan." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225762.

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Fakhry, Rêbwar. "Tiggeridomen och lokala ordningsföreskrifter : i ljuset av regeringsformen och EKMR." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-185905.

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This thesis focuses on chapter 3 articles 8 and 12 of the Ordinance Act, whichdeal with local ordinances issued by the municipalities. It was Vellinge municipality's local ordinances on the prohibition of begging that triggered an extensivedebate about preconditions for local ordinances and the relationship between themunicipal self-government and the normative power. In addition, it raises thequestions of whether local regulations on the prohibition of begging restrict freedom of expression and whether they are discriminatory. Vellinge's local ordinances were submitted to the Supreme Administ
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Parrish, Bradley K. "Affordable Housing in the Florida Keys: Providing Affordable Units Within the Limits of Local Growth Management Regulations." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1188344427.

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Thesis (Master of Community Planning)--University of Cincinnati, 2007.<br>Advisor: Xinhao Wang. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Feb. 6, 2008). Includes abstract. Keywords: affordable; housing; affordable housing; Florida Keys; Growth Management; ROGO; Residential Rate of Growth Ordinance; Rate of Growth Ordinance; hurricane evacuation; FKCCS; florida keys carrying capacity study; community planning thesis; planning thesis. Includes bibliographical references.
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Fernández, Ferrarons Mònica. "El procediment d'elaboració de les ordenances locals a la llum de la millora de la regulació." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667087.

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La present tesi doctoral té per objecte l’estudi del procediment d’elaboració de les ordenances locals i la seva adaptació als nous estàndards de millora de la regulació, prenent com a referència la implementació d’aquestes polítiques dins les instàncies de poder superiors. Fins al moment, les polítiques sobre la millora de la regulació han tingut una integració gradual en el nostre ordenament jurídic intern, i han situat irremeiablement a l’Administració local en l’últim esglaó de l’adaptació d’una estratègia que acull el conjunt de l’activitat administrativa. L’entrada en vigor de la Llei
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Books on the topic "Local ordinances"

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Simmons, Charlene Wear. Local government ethics ordinances in California. California Research Bureau, California State Library, 1998.

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Delhi (India : Union Territory). Delhi local laws. Delhi Law House, 2000.

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Erie County (N.Y.). Erie County Charter: Being Erie County Local Law No. 1-1959 ; Erie County Administrative Code : being Erie County Local Law No. 1-1960. s.n., 1994.

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Florida, Kristine M. Williams University of South. Incorporating Roadway Access Management into Local Ordinances. Transportation Research Board, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/25750.

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Ara, Alam Bilquis, ed. The ordinances for urban local bodies: With up-to-date amendments. National Institute of Local Government, 1986.

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McElfish, James M. Nature-friendly ordinances: Local measures to conserve biodiversity. Environmental Law Institute, 2004.

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Arendt, Randall. Growing greener: Putting conservation into local plans and ordinances. Island Press, 1999.

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Vendittelli, Cristina Carbonetti. Margheritella: Il più antico liber iurium del comune di Viterbo. Nella sede dell'Istituto, Palazzo Borromini, 1997.

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(Pakistan), Punjab. Amendments in the Punjab Local Government Ordinance, 2001. Aurat Publication and Information Service Foundation, 2005.

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Delhi local laws: Containing important acts, rules, regulations, orders, and bye-laws as applicable in Delhi with short comments & case-laws. 2nd ed. India Law House, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Local ordinances"

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Velut, Jean-Baptiste. "The Promises and Perils of US Local Labor Ordinances." In ARI - Springer Asia Series. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0209-1_9.

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Kurata, Noriko. "Suggestions for Communication of Information for Multicultural Co-Existence." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.ch637.

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The purpose of this chapter is to propose measures required for promoting coexistence with multi-culture residents (MCR). In this chapter, the plans and ordinances established by the local governments in Japan were focused. As a result, majority of the local governments targeted for the survey had declared the need for multicultural co-existence and multilingual communication of information in their plans. Further, on the web operated by the local governments, machine translation was used. However, the study revealed that there were no local governments that communicated ordinances on the web in multiple languages. Not being informed about ordinances is detrimental to the daily life of foreigners residing in the local community and further can become the cause of increase in troubles with the Japanese in the local community. Therefore, this chapter proposes that the concerned local governments translate the ordinances ranked higher in the system of all ordinances on a priority basis and collaborate with the MCR to generate more precise expressions.
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Kurata, Noriko. "Suggestions for Communication of Information for Multicultural Co-Existence." In Advances in Public Policy and Administration. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7661-7.ch041.

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The purpose of this chapter is to propose measures required for promoting coexistence with multi-culture residents (MCR). In this chapter, the plans and ordinances established by the local governments in Japan were focused. As a result, a majority of the local governments targeted for the survey had declared the need for multicultural co-existence and multilingual communication of information in their plans. Further, on the web operated by the local governments, machine translation was used. However, the study revealed that there were no local governments that communicated ordinances on the web in multiple languages. Not being informed about ordinances is detrimental to the daily life of foreigners residing in the local community and further can become the cause of increase in troubles with the Japanese in the local community. Therefore, this chapter proposes that the concerned local governments translate the ordinances ranked higher in the system of all ordinances on a priority basis and collaborate with the MCR to generate more precise expressions.
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Johnson, Dennis W. "Statewide, Local, and Congressional Elections." In Campaigns and Elections. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190935580.003.0004.

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The vast majority of campaigns and elections in the United States occur at the state and local levels, and include everything from gubernatorial and big-city mayoral contests to local ordinances to electing dogcatchers. Although much of our attention is on presidential contests, it is...
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"9. The Battle over Local Tobacco Control Ordinances." In Tobacco War. University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520924680-011.

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Nakamura, Hideki. "The Frameworks of the Hate Speech Local Ordinances." In Hate Speech in Japan. Cambridge University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108669559.010.

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Cummings, Scott L. "Day Laborers." In An Equal Place. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190215927.003.0003.

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Day laborers are immigrant men who seek daily employment on street corners, often next to home improvement stores and other venues trafficked by contractors and do-it-yourselfers. The combination of a strong construction market and rising undocumented immigration powered the growth of day labor through the 1990s. Although part of the underground economy, day laborers were some of the most visible immigrant workers, standing on the corners in affluent communities to find jobs. Over the next decade, they became the target of legal backlash, with more than forty cities in the greater L.A. area passing anti-solicitation ordinances making it a crime for day laborers to solicit work from the street corner. This chapter examines the coordinated legal and organizing campaign to challenge these ordinances led by the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund (MALDEF) and the National Day Laborer Organizing Network (NDLON). The campaign challenged local jurisdictions in the greater L.A. area that actively enforced anti-solicitation ordinances. The strategy developed by MALDEF and NDLON focused on organizing day laborers at enforcement hotspots into committees that served as plaintiffs in federal court lawsuits claiming that ordinances violated laborers’ First Amendment right to seek work. The campaign thus adopted a libertarian, rather than an anti-discrimination, legal frame. This frame was used to build precedent toward the end goal of invalidating the most aggressive ordinances: those modeled after Redondo Beach’s pioneering 1987 law banning solicitation in any public right-of-way, including sidewalks. The chapter charts the trajectory of this test-case strategy, which culminated in a seminal 2011 federal appellate court decision striking down Redondo Beach’s ordinance and thereby clearing the way for day laborer solicitation in public space regionwide.
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Yamaguchi, Tomomi. "The Mainstreaming of Feminism and the Politics of Backlash in Twenty-First-Century Japan." In Rethinking Japanese Feminisms. University of Hawai'i Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21313/hawaii/9780824866693.003.0005.

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Japan’s Gender Equality Law was introduced in 1999, followed by the passage of municipal gender equality ordinances throughout the country. A backlash against feminism then occurred as a reaction to the perceived “invasion” of feminism in the local political arena. Based on the author’s long-term fieldwork with anti-feminist conservatives, the chapter discusses the conflicts between feminists and conservatives in local communities, particularly concerning gender equality ordinances in Ube City in Yamaguchi prefecture and Miyakonojō City in Miyazaki Prefecture. These examples demonstrate that the way that gender equality ordinances were introduced and imposed from the center to the periphery, as well as questions of sexual orientation, were the anti-feminists’ prime concerns. The chapter also addresses the recent state of feminism, especially under the ultra-conservative Abe administration, in power since 2012. Both feminist and anti-feminist movements were at a crossroads in the changing landscape of a politically charged Japan since the early 2000s.
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Rosenblum, Nancy L. "Taking Offense, Speaking Out." In Good Neighbors. Princeton University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691169439.003.0005.

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This chapter explores ordinary vices and how reciprocity works, or fails to work, when one is faced with a neighbor who gives offense. It asks whether people withdraw, elect detachment, or if they speak out, rally, and recruit others to the cause. Neighbor relations operate in the shadow of the law, and, in some circumstances, dealing with offenses involves appealing to authorities. When people believe their neighbor has violated local ordinances, when their fence encroaches on one's yard or blight fouls the area, people report to police, zoning boards, and housing authorities. People hope for enforcement and compliance and often compensation for the nuisance or emotional distress. So, neighbors file complaints and notify official agencies, such as the Development Review Board, or invoke the General Unsightliness Ordinance.
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Ara, Fardaus. "Gender and Urban Local Government in Bangladesh." In Encyclopedia of Organizational Knowledge, Administration, and Technology. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3473-1.ch066.

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Empowerment of women is a universal slogan. Worldwide, several strategies are carried on by international organizations to ensure active participation of women in decision-making. Active participation at all level of politics is necessary in this regard. Likewise, the government of Bangladesh has adopted various programs and policies to ensure gender equality in all sectors of life. Relevant laws and ordinances are revised, and new provisions are incorporated in the laws where necessary. One-third seats are kept reserved for women to be elected at the urban local government. However, gender disparity is evident at this level. Women are mostly seen as reserved seat councilors. They are almost absent in the leadership positions. In Bangladesh, women's participation in local government politics is hampered due to multi-faceted factors ranging from socio-cultural to political. The male-dominating political parties can play a major role to bring gender parity in politics by nominating and supporting more women in the local government election.
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Conference papers on the topic "Local ordinances"

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Brooks, Bennett. "Proposed standard - Guidance for developing state noise regulations and local noise ordinances." In ICA 2013 Montreal. ASA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4799759.

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Fujioka, Kazuya, Makoto Nakamura, Yasuhiro Ogawa, Tomohiro Ohno, and Katsuhiko Toyama. "Search method for ordinances and rules in Japanese local governments based on distributed representation." In 2017 9th International Conference on Knowledge and Systems Engineering (KSE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/kse.2017.8119456.

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Tárczy, Edit Zsuzsanna. "Problems of the Regulation of the Local Government Aid in the Local Government Ordinances of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg Megye." In MultiScience - XXIX. microCAD International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference. University of Miskolc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.26649/musci.2015.081.

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DuBoff, Scott M. "Alternative Financing for Enhanced Environmental Protection: The Intersection of Waste-to-Energy Technology and Solid Waste Flow Control Authority." In 17th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec17-2343.

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When local governments evaluate the environmental benefits and costs of alternatives for managing non-recyclable municipal solid waste, the relative costs of modern waste-to-energy (WTE) technology can be a significant stumbling block despite WTE technology’s environmental benefits. Although the preceding point is an important economic reality that has constrained WTE development in the United States, fortunately there is a highly effective means — the use of municipal solid waste “flow control” (or “facility designation”) authority — to overcome WTE’s perceived cost disadvantage. The relation
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Žárská, Elena. "Nový nástroj pre miestny rozvoj v Slovenskej republike." In XXIII. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách / 23rd International Colloquium on Regional Sciences. Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9610-2020-23.

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In order to address the coherence between intensive construction by development companies and the need for capacity building of the corresponding infrastructure, which is by law provided by the municipality, a new act of legislation was adopted in the Slovak Republic with effect from 1 January 2016. The Local Development Fee Act is meant to be a tool that would enable funding and support building of civic infrastructure and amenities. The aim of the paper is to analyze how the fee was implemented in municipalities. Due to its facultative character - the municipality may or may not adopt it by
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Abbas, Husain, Tarek Almusallam, Yousef Al-Salloum, Nadeem Siddiqui, and Aref Abadel. "TRM Versus FRP as Strengthening Material for Improving Impact Resistance of RC Slabs." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54737.

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This study experimentally investigates the effectiveness of textile reinforced mortar (TRM) in controlling the local damage in reinforced concrete (RC) slabs subjected to impact loads. The results are then compared with that of conventional FRP strengthening of RC slabs. The impact tests were conducted using the strike of hemispherical nosed steel projectile on TRM- and FRP-strengthened RC slabs. The unstrengthened specimens considered as control were 600 mm square, 90 mm thick RC slabs. The slabs were reinforced with 8 mm diameter steel rebars at 100 mm c/c spacing both-ways. The slabs were s
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Taylor, Joe S. "Gas Turbine Compressor Unit Repowering." In 1996 1st International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1996-1893.

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This paper presents how a major U.S. gas transmission and storage company restored gas storage peaking capacity by repowering obsolete gas turbine compressor units. Consumers Power Company’s Ray Field located in Macomb County, Michigan, USA, was developed as a 44 BCF working capacity gas storage field in 1966. Due to the high deliverability, the field is operated as a peaking reservoir, handling rates as high as 500 MMCFD on injection and 1,200 MMCFD on withdrawal. Ten (10) 2,750 horsepower gas turbine driven 4-stage centrifugal compressor units were installed in the mid to late 1960’s at the
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Reports on the topic "Local ordinances"

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Lederman, Jaimee, Peter Haas, Stephanie Kellogg, Martin Wachs, and Asha Weinstein Agrawal. Do Equity and Accountability Get Lost in LOSTs? An Analysis of Local Return Funding Provisions in California’s Local Option Sales Tax Measures for Transportation. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1811.

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This study explores how local return provisions of local option sales taxes (LOSTs) for transportation are allocated and spent to meet local and regional transportation needs. Local return refers to the component of county LOST measures that provides funding directly to municipalities in the county to be used to meet local needs. Local return has become a fixture in LOSTs; 58 LOST measures placed on the ballot in California (as of 2019) that have included local return in their expenditure plan have an average of 35% of revenues dedicated to local return. Local return provisions in the ballot m
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Washbum, Brian E. Hawks and Owls. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7208741.ws.

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Hawks and owls can negatively impact a variety of human interests, including important natural resources, livestock and game bird production, human health and safety, and companion animals. Conflicts between raptors and people generally are localized and often site-specific. However, the economic and social impacts to the individuals involved can be severe. Despite the problems they may cause, hawks and owls provide important benefits and environmental services. Raptors are popular with birdwatchers and much of the general public. They also hunt and kill large numbers of rodents, reducing crop
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Bernales, Rona P., and Ilene S. Basitan. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Dog Owners Regarding Rabies and Dog Bites in Bicol Region. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/standz.2790.

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Abstract:
This study was conducted in selected provinces of Bicol Region from April 2015 to May 2015 to describe the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of dog owners regarding rabies and dog bites. A purposive sampling was used in selecting the respondents of the study. Frequencies were tabulated for all variables. Of the 1,200 respondents, 2,193 dogs were recorded making a 2:1 ratio of dogs to householders in this particular study. Among these dogs 58% were vaccinated against rabies. The majority of the ones taking care of the dogs were female (57.3%) but the primary owner (62.9%) was the head of
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