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1
Di Concilio, A., and C. Guadagni. "Bornological convergences and local proximity spaces." Topology and its Applications 173 (August 2014): 294–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.topol.2014.06.005.
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Peters, James F. "Local Near Sets: Pattern Discovery in Proximity Spaces." Mathematics in Computer Science 7, no. 1 (2013): 87–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11786-013-0143-z.
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Combrinck, Zene, Elizelle Juanee Cilliers, Louis Lategan, and Sarel Cilliers. "Revisiting the Proximity Principle with Stakeholder Input: Investigating Property Values and Distance to Urban Green Space in Potchefstroom." Land 9, no. 7 (2020): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9070235.
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Nature is essential to urban quality of life, yet green spaces are under pressure. In an attempt to strengthen the case for urban greening and to reclaim nature into cities, this research considered green spaces from an economic spatial perspective. The proximity principle, as part of hedonic price analysis, is employed to determine the impact of green spaces on property value in specifically selected residential areas within Potchefstroom, South Africa. Our statistical analysis indicated a rejection of the proximity principle in some areas, contradicting internationally accepted theory. To investigate local trends and possible reasons for the rejection, supporting quantitative data was gathered through structured questionnaires disseminated to local residents of Potchefstroom and Professional Planners in South Africa. Challenges pertaining to the planning of green spaces were emphasised, despite residents’ willingness to pay more for such green spaces in close proximity to residential areas, according to the cross-tabulations conducted. The research results contributed to the discourse on the economic benefits of green spaces and presented the trends of such benefits within the local context of Potchefstroom. The results emphasised the need to rethink the planning of green spaces within the local context, and provided recommendations on how to reclaim nature into cities from a spatial planning perspective.
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Hussain, A., M. Arshad, M. Abbas, and D. Dolicanin-Djekic. "Best proximity points of local contractive mappings on metric spaces endowed with binary relation." Scientific Publications of the State University of Novi Pazar Series A: Applied Mathematics, Informatics and mechanics 8, no. 2 (2016): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/spsunp1602149h.
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Gilly, Jean‐Pierre, and Frédéric Wallet. "Forms of Proximity, Local Governance and the Dynamics of Local Economic Spaces: The Case of Industrial Conversion Processes." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 25, no. 3 (2001): 553–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00329.
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D’Onofrio, Rosalba, and Elio Trusiani. "The Future of the City in the Name of Proximity: A New Perspective for the Urban Regeneration of Council Housing Suburbs in Italy after the Pandemic." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (2022): 1252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031252.
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The concept of ‘urban proximity’, which has returned to the limelight with the promotion of the ‘15-min city’ developed and re-proposed for the post-COVID city, cannot simply be associated with the concept of physical proximity to the essential activities of daily life but must concern reinforcement of the social interactions that some places are able to activate better than others. This article focuses on the regeneration of Italian council housing neighbourhoods that lack relational proximity, even when functional proximity has been painstakingly achieved. It describes the fundamental steps of a working method that aims to strengthen the ‘relational performance’ of public spaces, using an interdisciplinary cognitive and assessment process and co-planning with the local community based on the issues of inclusiveness, safety, and climate vulnerability. The experimentation made in an economic and social housing district in a city in Central Italy revealed the need to ‘hook’ the space node onto the node of local capacities and resources, recognizing the local community as the bearer of desires, capacities, and planning will, capable of orienting and prefiguring the complex process of regeneration in the post-COVID city.
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Mantey, Dorota. "Local centres in post-socialist suburbs: Redefined concept and retrofitting perspectives." Moravian Geographical Reports 30, no. 3 (2022): 192–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgr-2022-0013.
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Abstract Chaotically developed post-socialist suburbs need retrofitting by providing residents with a local central space. This research aims at developing a typology of suburban local centres, describing the most common central spaces according to adopted criteria, as well as identifying which type of local centre has the most potential to be perceived as such by suburbanites and how suburban municipalities plan central spaces. The research was conducted in six institutional Warsaw suburbs representing the most common types of local centres of a neighbourhood catchment area. The research has shown that spatial criteria differentiate local centres more than social criteria. Concentric layouts attract different non-residential functions more effectively than linear ones. When recognising some spaces as central, the legibility of the broader spatial arrangement and the presence of key objects with centre-forming functions seems to be important. Factors that distort such recognition include the excessive dispersion of buildings, shops, and service points; peripheral or random location of the main activity node; poorly designed and equipped central spaces; and the proximity to large-scale shopping centres and recreational areas/objects. When looking for a model of retrofitting post-socialist suburbs through strengthening neighbourhood centres, it is worth recalling the concept of the so-called “third places”.
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Fusté-Forné, Francesc, Paula Ginés-Ariza, and Ester Noguer-Juncà. "Food in Slow Tourism: The Creation of Experiences Based on the Origin of Products Sold at Mercat del Lleó (Girona)." Heritage 4, no. 3 (2021): 1995–2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4030113.
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Previous studies have highlighted the role of local food as a source of destination differentiation and tourist motivation, and as part of the understanding of slow food tourism. However, few previous researchers have discussed the proximity degree of products delivered in food tourism spaces such as markets, and how they contribute to the creation of slow tourism experiences. Based on the analysis of the origin of fruits and vegetables being sold at Mercat del Lleó, the municipal market of Girona (Catalonia, Spain), this paper investigates the value of local supply in an urban food tourism system. Fieldwork included nine interviews with market vendors, and data regarding 301 fruits and vegetables sold at the market were obtained. While results show a wide representation of local and regional produce, fruits and vegetables of national and international origin predominate over proximity products. The article reveals that there is still potential to improve the relationships between local food, identity promotion, and the sustainable experiences that attract slow tourists to urban destinations.
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Lima, Luciana, and Verónica Susana Pastuszuk. "El proyecto urbano como experiencia colectiva, colaborativa, situada, perfomática y transdisciplinar." Hábitat y Sociedad, no. 14 (2021): 159–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/habitatysociedad.2021.i14.09.
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The city we inhabit, the territory we share, it is nowadays under revision, and urbanism is central to these reflections. The experiences of “Territorio Tolosa” (Tolosa Territory), a collective project of urban contemplation and neighborhood transformation, comprised by architects, artists and the local community, which I have coordinated for the past five years. We have run walks around Tolosa, organized workshops, performances and different types of collective practices to re-signify the spaces we inhabit. Our research questions those architectures that support hegemonic ways of producing controlled and a priori spaces, proposing instead open processes to participatory practices, which include walks and collective mapping as ways of thinking about urbanism. In one hand, we want to explore procedures to deconstruct the traditional ways of producing architecture, based on individual skill, in order to promote them as collective processes, collaborative and transdisciplinary. On the other hand, we want to explore deeper into the architectures of delay, proximity and care, to enhance the pre-existing urban landscape and the sensitive encounter between people. Tolosa is neighborhood in La Plata city, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Tolosa will be taken as the research focus, to rethink the neighborhood in the xxi century from feminist perspective.
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Robertson, Shanthi, and Val Colic–Peisker. "Policy Narratives versus Everyday Geographies: Perceptions of Changing Local Space in Melbourne's Diverse North." City & Community 14, no. 1 (2015): 68–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12098.
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This paper presents a comparative case study of two northern suburbs in Melbourne, Australia, in order to analyze local perceptions of proximity, mobility, and spaces of community interaction within diverse neighborhoods experiencing socioeconomic and demographic transition. We first look at government policies concerning the two suburbs, which position one suburb within a narrative of gentrification and the other within a narrative of marginalization. We then draw on diverse residents’ experiences and perceptions of local space, finding that these “everyday geographies” operate independently of and often at odds with local policy narratives of demographic and socioeconomic transition. We conclude that residents’ “everyday geographies” reveal highly varied and contested experiences of sociospatial dimensions of local change, in contrast to policy narratives that are often neoliberally framed.
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Jansz, Sascha Naomi, Terry van Dijk, and Mark P. Mobach. "Critical success factors for campus interaction spaces and services – a systematic literature review." Journal of Facilities Management 18, no. 2 (2020): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfm-08-2019-0041.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to create an overview of current literature and identify gaps in what is known about stimulating interaction through spaces and services provided on university campuses. Design/methodology/approach The authors used the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement methodology for systematic literature review. In total, 3,616 articles were screened, 31 articles were included. Facility Directors from 13 Dutch Universities were asked to define the search terms related to services. Findings Spaces and services were mostly studied separately. The majority of papers (18/31) were based on perceptions (surveys or interviews). The following critical success factors were identified in the literature: geographic proximity, cognitive proximity, scale, transitional spaces, comfort and experience, shared facilities and events, local buzz and networks. These factors are interrelated. The authors present a new relational model, from spaces and services, through interaction to innovation, visualising how the identified papers are related. Research limitations/implications The scope of possible findings may have been narrowed because prior relevant studies were rather limited and as a consequence of the search strategy designed to limit the number of unrelated hits. Some knowledge gaps may not have been identified, as only a few mainstream concepts related to the critical success factors were used for comparison. Nevertheless, the literature review provides a reliable overview of current academic knowledge regarding critical success factors for spaces and services that stimulate interaction on campuses. Originality/value This paper offers a novel perspective by emphasising the relational chain from interaction to innovation, visualising the large diversity in research fields and summarising the critical success factors in the literature.
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Žilinskas, Antanas, and Julius Žilinskas. "ON MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING WITH EUCLIDEAN AND CITY BLOCK METRICS." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 12, no. 1 (2006): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13928619.2006.9637725.
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Experimental sciences collect large amounts of data. Different techniques are available for information elicitation from data. Frequently statistical analysis should be combined with the experience and intuition of researchers. Human heuristic abilities are developed and oriented to patterns in space of dimensionality up to 3. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) addresses the problem how objects represented by proximity data can be represented by points in low dimensional space. MDS methods are implemented as the optimization of a stress function measuring fit of the proximity data by the distances between the respective points. Since the optimization problem is multimodal, a global optimization method should be used. In the present paper a combination of an evolutionary metaheuristic algorithm with a local search algorithm is used. The experimental results show the influence of metrics defining distances in the considered spaces on the results of multidimensional scaling. Data sets with known and unknown structure and different dimensionality (up to 512 variables) have been visualized.
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Lin, Chensong, and Longfeng Wu. "Green and Blue Space Availability and Self-Rated Health among Seniors in China: Evidence from a National Survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (2021): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020545.
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Many empirical studies have shown evidence of multiple health benefits provided by green and blue spaces. Despite the importance of these spaces, investigations are scarce in details for blue spaces rather than green. Moreover, most research has focused on developed regions. A limited number of studies on blue spaces can be found in China with a focus on the city level. Outcomes have been mixed due to varying research scales, methodologies, and definitions. This study relies on a national-level social survey to explore how the self-rated health (SRH) of senior individuals is associated with local green and blue space availability in urban and rural areas. Results indicate that the coverage ratio of overall green spaces and waterbodies around a resident’s home have marginal effects on SRH status in both urban and rural areas. In urban areas, living close to a park can is marginally beneficial for older people’s health. Regarding different types of blue spaces, the presence of a major river (within 0.3–0.5 km) or coastline (within 1 km and 1–5 km) in the vicinity of home negatively affects SRH among the elderly in urban areas. Close proximity to lakes and other types of waterbodies with a water surface larger than 6.25 ha did not significantly influence SRH. These findings not only evaluate general health impacts of green/blue space development on senior populations across the county but inform decision makers concerning the health-promoting qualities and features of different green/blue spaces to better accommodate an aging population in the era of urbanization.
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Lin, Chensong, and Longfeng Wu. "Green and Blue Space Availability and Self-Rated Health among Seniors in China: Evidence from a National Survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (2021): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020545.
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Many empirical studies have shown evidence of multiple health benefits provided by green and blue spaces. Despite the importance of these spaces, investigations are scarce in details for blue spaces rather than green. Moreover, most research has focused on developed regions. A limited number of studies on blue spaces can be found in China with a focus on the city level. Outcomes have been mixed due to varying research scales, methodologies, and definitions. This study relies on a national-level social survey to explore how the self-rated health (SRH) of senior individuals is associated with local green and blue space availability in urban and rural areas. Results indicate that the coverage ratio of overall green spaces and waterbodies around a resident’s home have marginal effects on SRH status in both urban and rural areas. In urban areas, living close to a park can is marginally beneficial for older people’s health. Regarding different types of blue spaces, the presence of a major river (within 0.3–0.5 km) or coastline (within 1 km and 1–5 km) in the vicinity of home negatively affects SRH among the elderly in urban areas. Close proximity to lakes and other types of waterbodies with a water surface larger than 6.25 ha did not significantly influence SRH. These findings not only evaluate general health impacts of green/blue space development on senior populations across the county but inform decision makers concerning the health-promoting qualities and features of different green/blue spaces to better accommodate an aging population in the era of urbanization.
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Bürkner, Hans-Joachim, and Bastian Lange. "New Geographies of Work: Re-Scaling Micro-Worlds." European Spatial Research and Policy 27, no. 1 (2020): 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1231-1952.27.1.03.
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The recently emerging new types of collaborative work and unconventional workplaces indicate that shifting social and economic practices have odd spatial implications. The diversity of work, mostly based on hybrid social and economic logics, has brought forth a number of new contextualised spatial constructs in recent years: makerspaces, fab labs, open workshops, and co-working spaces now require detailed analytical reconstruction and conceptualisation. This article is a theoretical discussion of the nature of fluid and contingent spatialisation against the backdrop of binary explanatory categories (e.g. local-global; proximity-distance). Drawing upon modernised concepts of horizontal scaling, we propose a perspective on hybrid work which focuses on contingent multiple, multidirectional and temporal scalings created by a variety of users while developing their own micro-worlds of work.
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Hutchinson, Peter James, Joan L. Bottorff, Natalie Chambers, et al. "What Are the Odds? Community Readiness for Smoke-Free Bingos in First Nation Communities." International Journal of Indigenous Health 7, no. 1 (2013): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijih71201112351.
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Community members have identified second-hand smoke exposure among young women and children within First Nations communities as a concern. As part of a community-based research project, we analyzed experiences related to establishing smoke-free public spaces and the challenges related to smoking and bingo. The purpose of this study was to a) describe and compare community smoking at bingo in First Nations communities, and b) draw implications for assessing and supporting community readiness for comprehensive tobacco control policies (TCPs). Data were collected using individual interviews, group discussions, and observations in the community. The establishment of smoke-free public spaces in communities evolved out of concern by people traditionally responsible for the well-being of the community. Despite close proximity and similar socioeconomic contexts, readiness to extend these successes to bingos held in community halls was influenced by three main factors: a) economic drivers, b) the smoking majority, and c) grassroots support. Although models for assessing community readiness provide a useful starting point for understanding local TCP development and implementation in First Nations communities, other factors also need to be considered. Using a comprehensive approach to assessing community readiness has the potential to increase success in extending TCPs and practices in First Nations communities in ways that are culturally relevant, address local conditions, and build on existing efforts.
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Menon, Jaya, and Supriya Varma. "Archaeological places: Negotiations between local communities, archaeologists and the state in India." Journal of Social Archaeology 19, no. 2 (2019): 141–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469605319845437.
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In South Asia, local communities most often live near or amidst archaeological places. Their lives are in many ways framed and structured by these places. At the same time, these places too are impacted by the communities that live nearby. Archaeological sites in India are being destroyed at a rapid pace, due to increasing population and development pressures. This story gets further complicated by legislative practices of preservation related to monuments and archaeological sites, which are solely in the hands of the state through its institutions. It is this very act of protection that sometimes leads to conflict between the institutions of the state and local communities. At the same time, several archaeological sites have also survived due to local interests because they have been transformed into ritual spaces or are considered as ancestral places. Additionally, monuments have been converted into heritage hotels and have become an important means of livelihood for the families that own them. Thus, for protection to succeed, the critical intervention and involvement of local communities living in close proximity to monuments and archaeological sites is fundamental. Is it then education that can enable the survival of archaeological places? School education has the scope of involving and alerting children to their environs, whether it is the natural environment or a built one, and this could be a long-term solution.
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Gugerell, Christina, and Marianne Penker. "Change Agents’ Perspectives on Spatial–Relational Proximities and Urban Food Niches." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (2020): 2333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062333.
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Cities are breeding spaces for innovations in the agro-food sector with the potential to foster the development of local niche networks and a food sustainability transition. In this paper, we propose a conceptual framework for the context-related development of urban food niche organizations and their networks of change agents. With a qualitative analysis of three niche-establishing organizations and their networks, we address the lack of knowledge on spatial–relational dynamics shaping the development of niche organizations and their networks. The identified dynamics are structured along the connotations of geographic, cognitive, social and institutional proximity within the niche networks, to the to the dominant actors, rules, and practices of the urban food system’s regime and to society. For each niche network, we defined a strategic orientation that might lead to a specific development path. Finally, we propose strategies on how cities may foster the development of niche organizations and their networks to highlight local opportunities of supporting a food system sustainability transition, i.e., increasing food literacy, enabling access to space, and engaging in networking.
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Marini, Lisa, Jane Andrew, and Sandra van der Laan. "Accountability practices in microfinance: cultural translation and the role of intermediaries." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 31, no. 7 (2018): 1904–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-07-2017-3028.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how accountability practices are affected and potentially transformed when mediated by translation. Adopting a postcolonial lens, the authors consider the ways in which translation functions and how intermediaries act as cultural translators in the context of microfinance. Design/methodology/approach The authors take a qualitative approach to a case study of a microfinance organization based in South Africa. Fieldwork allowed for the collection of data by means of direct observations, interviews, documents and a fieldwork diary. Findings The study demonstrates the presence of spaces of hybridity that co-exist within the same organizational context (Bhabha, 1994). Two spaces of hybridity are highlighted, in which translation processes were possible because of the proximity between borrowers and fieldworkers. The first space of hybridity was found locally and here translation shaped an accountability that aimed at leveraging local cultures and favoring cultural framing. The second space of hybridity was characterized by the interaction between oral and written cultures and the translation of responsibilities and expectations was predominantly unidirectional, prioritizing accountability practices consistent with organizational requirements. Originality/value This research offers in-depth insights into the links between intermediation, translation and accountability practices. It differs from prior research in considering intermediaries as active translators of accountability practices who act in-between cultures. The authors contend that the translation process reinscribes culture allowing dominant accountability practices to prevail and local cultural traditions to merely contextualize accountability practices.
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Nordin, Aimi Norhanani, Gabriel Hoh Teck Ling, Mou Leong Tan, Chin Siong Ho, and Hishamuddin Mohd Ali. "Spatial and Non-Spatial Factors Influencing Willingness to Pay (WTP) for Urban Green Spaces (UGS): A Review." Journal of Sustainable Development 13, no. 6 (2020): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v13n6p130.
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With numerous ecosystem services of urban green spaces (UGS), contributing to sustainability and a better quality of life, UGS provision is perceived as a pivotal role in urban planning. However, concern arises as to what extent local governments have effectively provided good quality and adequate quantity of UGS for the public? Provisioning those UGS aspects has been given a low priority due to insufficient resources and the limited budget allocated by local governments. As such, maintenance and management effectiveness of UGS is detrimentally affected, resulting in disused, overused spaces and thus hot spots for crimes. Therefore, public monetary contribution via taxation is suggested as an alternative to ensuring the continuity and sustainability of UGS services. This review paper is vital to identify and showcase specific factors and mediators, influencing the willingness to pay (WTP) of residents/users for UGS services. Methodologically, after conducting Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) for the purpose of article screening and selection based on the two primary databases (Google Scholar and Elsevier), this paper reviewed 18 journal articles, from the year 2013 to 2020. Along with the indirect sub-factors, namely environmental behaviour/attitude and socioeconomic profiles of users, there are three main spatial and non-spatial variables (factors) identified: (i) accessibility/proximity to the nearest UGS; (ii) quantity/adequacy of UGS; and (iii) quality of UGS within a township area, influencing satisfaction and enjoyment as well as reasons and frequency of park visiting of users (mediators), which consequently affect their WTP for UGS.
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Bereitschaft, Bradley. "Neighborhood Walkability and Housing Affordability among U.S. Urban Areas." Urban Science 3, no. 1 (2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci3010011.
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With support and demand for walkable urban spaces on the rise, there has been growing concern among academics and practitioners of increasing exclusivity, particularly in amenity-rich areas. This study examines equity in neighborhood walkability from the perspective of housing affordability, asking whether more walkable urban neighborhoods have less affordable housing from the viewpoint of both neighborhood residents and households within the encompassing metropolitan region. While considering additional factors that may affect housing affordability, including coastal proximity, crime, rail access, housing age, housing size, and employment accessibility, the results indicate lower housing affordability primarily for renter households already living in walkable neighborhoods, but not for those looking to move to a more walkable neighborhood from within the same metropolitan area. Case studies of three large U.S. urban areas, Charlotte, NC, Pittsburgh, PA, and Portland, OR, highlight local variations in the walkability–housing affordability nexus.
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Li, James Xinzhi. "Visualization of High-Dimensional Data with Relational Perspective Map." Information Visualization 3, no. 1 (2004): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500051.
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This paper introduces a method called relational perspective map (RPM) to visualize distance information in high-dimensional spaces. Like conventional multidimensional scaling, the RPM algorithm aims to produce proximity preserving 2-dimensional (2-D) maps. The main idea of the RPM algorithm is to simulate a multiparticle system on a closed surface: whereas the repulsive forces between the particles reflect the distance information, the closed surface holds the whole system in balance and prevents the resulting map from degeneracy. A special feature of RPM algorithm is its ability to partition a complex dataset into pieces and map them onto a 2-D space without overlapping. Compared to other multidimensional scaling methods, RPM is able to reveal more local details of complex datasets. This paper demonstrates the properties of RPM maps with four examples and provides extensive comparison to other multidimensional scaling methods, such as Sammon Mapping and Curvilinear Principle Analysis.
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Prætorius, Thim, and Peter Hasle. "Frontline meetings as support for cross-boundary coordination in hospitals." Journal of Health Organization and Management 33, no. 7/8 (2019): 884–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-10-2018-0312.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate frontline meetings in hospitals and how they are used for coordination of daily operations across organizational and occupational boundaries. Design/methodology/approach An in-depth multiple-case study of four purposefully selected departments from four different hospitals is conducted. The selected cases had actively developed and embedded scheduled meetings as structural means to achieve coordination of daily operations. Findings Health care professionals and managers, next to their traditional mono-professional meetings (e.g. doctors or nurses), develop additional operational, daily meetings such as work-shift meetings, huddles and hand-off meetings to solve concrete care tasks. These new types of meetings are typically short, task focussed, led by a chair and often inter-disciplinary. The meetings secure a personal proximity which the increased dependency on hospital-wide IT solutions cannot. During meetings, objects and representations (e.g. monitors, whiteboards or paper cards) create a needed gathering point to span across boundaries. As regards embedding meetings, local engagement helps contextualizing meetings and solving concrete care tasks, thereby making health care professionals more likely to value these daily meeting spaces. Practical implications Health care professionals and managers can use formal meeting spaces aided by objects and representations to support solving daily and interdependent health care tasks in ways that IT solutions in hospitals do not offer today. Implementation requires local engagement and contextualization. Originality/value This research paper shows the importance of daily, operational hospital meetings for frontline coordination. Organizational meetings are a prevalent collaborative activity, yet scarcely researched organizational phenomenon.
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Xu, Haiyun, Fan Fu, and Meng Miao. "What Is the Effect of Cultural Greenway Projects in High-Density Urban Municipalities? Assessing the Public Living Desire near the Cultural Greenway in Central Beijing." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4 (2022): 2147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042147.
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Cultural greenway projects (CGPs) are widely regarded as an urban planning approach which connects open green spaces and sites of sociocultural value to provide access to living, working and recreational spaces and enhance local social well-being. This paper examines the impact of such CGPs on public living desire before and after a given project is completed through analyzing housing prices in the surrounding area. We deployed a hedonic pricing model (HPM) and differences in differences (DID) model to analyze and record any changes in housing market trends that may have been caused by such a cultural greenway project. Via analysis of single-family home sale transactions in central Beijing from 2013 to 2017, we found substantial evidence that proximity to a cultural greenway project is positively linked with rising property prices. Once complete, CGPs were similarly associated with positive increases per HPM and DID modeling. Our results revealed that the distance to greenway contributed significantly positive impact on the housing market after the cultural greenway project completed. Moreover, our result indicated that once a CGP was open to the public, it increased the price of properties within 1 km by 13.3%. Seller and buyer expectations of the development of local, green public infrastructure also began to factor into housing prices prior to the greenway opening to the public. Post-completion, the positive trend in property pricing due to local CGPs indicates that the public still have an increasing desire to live near the greenway. These results will help policymakers better understand how cultural greenways affect neighborhoods in high-density urban contexts, and will support the development of urban greenway policies for cities in China that reap the maximum economic benefit.
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Tătar, Alexandru Marius. "Regeneration of urban space in Romania: A case study of Bistrita municipality." Journal of the Bulgarian Geographical Society 46 (July 28, 2022): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jbgs.e87816.
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This study aims to analyze urban landscapes by assessing the development of built space, one of the most dynamic elements within them. The spatial development of built environments is a phenomenon present in most urban areas. The study looks at the relationship between patterns of built space and urban green spaces. Implications on the connectivity of urban space, the planning of urban functions in their proximity, and the spatial distribution of recreational potential based on the perceived recreational value of the landscape by the local community are investigated. The theme of the paper is a topical issue in the study of urban landscapes, while at the same time it is an ongoing phenomenon - the growth of built space - for which optimal planning solutions are being sought. The analysis and results presented seek to increase understanding and awareness in addressing the dynamics of built space in the urban environment. The data used are collected both from official sources and from the ground. Urban regeneration aims to revitalize distressed urban spaces: The development and beautification of public spaces - squares, squares, parks, street furniture. The links between this category of urban space and the rest of the urban infrastructure are analyzed, as well as the role that urban planning plays in the development of built space in the vicinity of forest areas. The study area comprises territories in the municipality of Bistrita. The socio-economic context of the area has been the basis for understanding the patterns of evolution identified in the urban landscape, as well as being a driver in ongoing urban transformations and processes.
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Dahal, Ram P., Robert K. Grala, Jason S. Gordon, Ian A. Munn, and Daniel R. Petrolia. "Geospatial Heterogeneity in Monetary Value of Proximity to Waterfront Ecosystem Services in the Gulf of Mexico." Water 13, no. 17 (2021): 2401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13172401.
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Open spaces, including waterfront areas, are critical to coastal communities and provide many benefits, including recreation opportunities, economic development, ecological benefits, and other ecosystem services. However, it is not clear how values of waterfront ecosystem services vary across geographical areas which prevents development and adoption of site-specific natural resource conservation plans and suitable long-term land management strategies. This study estimated the monetary value of distance to different waterfront types in coastal counties of Mississippi and Alabama (U.S.) using a geographically weighted regression (GWR) approach as an extension to a traditional hedonic pricing method (HPM). In addition, the study utilized publicly available data from the U.S. Census Bureau instead of certified rolls of county property assessors and Multiple Listing Service (MLS) data which can be costly and difficult to obtain. Residents valued most waterfront types which was reflected in greater assessed prices for houses in proximity to these waterfronts. However, the value of ecosystem services associated with waterfronts differed geospatially. The marginal implicit prices ranged from −$6343 to $6773 per km depending on a waterfront type. These estimates will be useful to city developers, land-use planners, and other stakeholders to make more informed and balanced decisions related to natural resource preservation associated with coastal areas, land-use planning, and zoning. In addition, information from this study can be used in developing healthy living environments where local economy can benefit from increased property tax revenues associated with waterfronts and their ecosystem services.
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Vabishchevich, Petr N. "Factorized Schemes for First and Second Order Evolution Equations with Fractional Powers of Operators." Computational Methods in Applied Mathematics 22, no. 2 (2021): 493–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cmam-2021-0073.
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Abstract Many non-local processes are modeled using mathematical models that include fractional powers of elliptic operators. The approximate solution of stationary problems with fractional powers of operators is most often based on rational approximations introduced in various versions for a fractional power of the self-adjoint positive operator. The purpose of this work is to use such approximations for the approximate solution of nonstationary problems. We consider Cauchy problems for the first and second order differential-operator equations in finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. Estimates for the proximity of an approximate solution to an exact one are obtained when specifying the absolute and relative errors of the approximation of the fractional power of the operator. We construct splitting schemes based on the additive representation with a rational approximation of the operator’s fractional power. The stability and accuracy of factorized two-level additive operator-difference schemes for the first order evolution equation and three-level schemes for a second order equation are established.
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Vine, Michelle M., Susan J. Elliott, and Kim D. Raine. "Exploring Implementation of the Ontario School Food and Beverage Policy at the Secondary-School Level: A Qualitative Study." Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research 75, no. 03 (2014): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3148/cjdpr-2014-003.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the implementation of the Ontario School Food and Beverage Policy (P/PM 150) from the perspective of secondary-school students. Methods: This research, informed by the ANGELO framework, undertook three focus groups with secondary students (n = 20) in 2 school boards representing both high- and low-income neighbourhoods in fall 2012. Focus groups were transcribed verbatim for subsequent analysis. Key themes were generated deductively from the research objectives and inductively as they emerged from transcripts. Results: Perceived impacts of P/PM 150 included high-priced policy-compliant food for sale, lower revenue generation, and food purchased off-campus. Limited designated eating spaces, proximity to external, nonpolicy-compliant food, and time constraints acted as key local level barriers to healthy eating. Conclusions: Pricing strategies are needed to ensure that all students have access to nutritious food, particularly in the context of vulnerable populations. Recognition of the context and culture in which school nutrition policies are being implemented is essential. Future research to explore the role of public health dietitians in school nutrition policy initiatives and how to leverage local resources and stakeholder support in low income, rural and remote populations is needed.
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Kotulla, Theresa, Jon Martin Denstadli, Are Oust, and Elisabeth Beusker. "What Does It Take to Make the Compact City Liveable for Wider Groups? Identifying Key Neighbourhood and Dwelling Features." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (2019): 3480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123480.
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Compact cities promote sustainability through several mechanisms, and high-density city development has become a key strategy for policy decision makers to accommodate population growth and mitigate human impacts of the local and global environment. The aim of this study is to identify elements of the built environment and inner-city dwellings considered important for improving compact-city liveability for various groups throughout their life cycles. To attend to the depth and complexity of this issue, this study is based on a qualitative approach, where data are gathered through in-depth interviews with housing market specialists. The expert panel emphasises proximity to green spaces and easy access to local services/facilities and public transportation as key elements of the built environment to improve compact-city liveability. At the same time, some of the respondents strongly argue with facilitating neighbourhoods for private cars. With regard to dwelling characteristics, the experts emphasised the importance of adequate storage space and the availability of a balcony as vital to high-density liveability. Balconies can alleviate some of the negative effects by working as a personal ‘mini garden’. Moreover, a general opinion among experts is that compact living developments should facilitate shared facilities to level out the space disadvantages of small-space dwellings.
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von Krosigk, Rüdiger. "Von der Beschreibung zur Verdichtung." Administory 2, no. 1 (2018): 140–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/adhi-2018-0019.
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Abstract This article explores the spatial generation and perception of administrative districts. It has a particular focus on how certain administrative practices contributed to diminishing spatial distance between district offices and local society, that is, residents and municipalities, from the early 19th century to the 1870S in the Grand Duchy of Baden. TWO different administrative systems – a centralized one introduced in 1809 and a more participative one dating from 1863/1865 – characterize the period under consideration. With regard to the methodological approach, the understanding of the generation and perception of administrative spaces is informed by cultural, communications, and media studies. With respect to the spatial generation and perception of the administrative districts, two administrative practices are of particular interest. Firstly, administrative visitations (›Ortsbereisungen‹) were periodically carried out in the villages by the district officers, starting in the early 19th century, to gather information as the basis of a ›close‹ description of the administrative, agricultural, economic, infrastructural, security, welfare and health conditions in the districts for the purpose of administrative reports. Oral communication and immediacy in conducting the administrative visitations contributed in particular to reducing distance between district administrations and local society. Secondly, the article explores the role of honorary district councillors as middlemen between local society and district administration from the mid-1860s. In their roles as experts, advisors, and mediators – which they also fulfilled in the context of administrative visitations – the honorary district councillors enhanced the proximity of local society to the district administration and in this way contributed to the perception of the district as a rather small space.
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Georgiev, Petko, Anastasios Noulas, and Cecilia Mascolo. "Where Businesses Thrive: Predicting the Impact of the Olympic Games on Local Retailers through Location-based Services Data." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 8, no. 1 (2014): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v8i1.14523.
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The Olympic Games are an important sporting event with notable consequences for the general economic landscape of the host city. Traditional economic assessments focus on the aggregated impact of the event on the national income, but fail to provide micro-scale insights on why local businesses will benefit from the increased activity during the Games.In this paper we provide a novel approach to modeling the impact of the Olympic Games on local retailers by analyzing a dataset mined from a large location-based social service, Foursquare. We hypothesize that the spatial positioning of businesses as well as the mobility trends of visitors are primary indicators of whether retailers will rise their popularity during the event. To confirm this we formulate a retail winners prediction task in the context of which we evaluate a set of geographic and mobility metrics. We find that the proximity to stadiums, the diversity of activity in the neighborhood, the nearby area sociability, as well as the probability of customer flows from and to event places such as stadiums and parks are all vital factors. Through supervised learning techniques we demonstrate that the success of businesses hinges on a combination of both geographic and mobility factors. Our results suggest that location-based social networks, where crowdsourced information about the dynamic interaction of users with urban spaces becomes publicly available, present an alternative medium to assess the economic impact of large scale events in a city.
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Strale, Mathieu, Karolina Krysinska, Gaëtan Van Overmeiren, and Karl Andriessen. "Suicide on the Railways in Belgium: A Typology of Locations and Potential for Prevention." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (2018): 2074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102074.
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Suicide on railway networks comprises a serious public health problem. However, the geographical distribution and the environmental risk factors remain unclear. This study analyzed the geographic distribution of railway suicides in Belgium from 2008–2013 at the level of a railway section (average length of 3.5 km). Principal component analysis (PCA) identified three groups of correlations that helped explain the variance of railway suicide. The three groups are related to characteristics of urban spaces, psychiatric facilities, and railway traffic density. Based on the PCA results, the study found four types of railway sections. The density of railway suicide was average and low in the urban and rural/industrial sections, respectively. However, it was high in the suburban sections and the sections close to psychiatric facilities. As the geographical proximity of a psychiatric facility comprises a specific risk factor for suicide on railways, preventative measures should target these sections and establish collaborations with psychiatric facilities. The typology of locations found in this study constitutes crucial information for national and local suicide prevention on the Belgian railway network.
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Jameson, Mbale, Xu Xiao Fei, and Deng Sheng Chun. "Semantic Similarity of an Object as a Function of the Context (SSOFC) in a Heterogeneous Environment." International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems 12, no. 03 (2003): 393–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218843003000796.
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The relationship of Semantic Similarity of an Object as a Function of the Context (SSOFC) being the key factor in data integration is investigated. The SSOFC is a context-based system, which exploits the context of an object by utilizing the semantic similarity involved, in order to reconcile bottleneck conflicts (semantic) standing in the way of interoperability acquisition in heterogeneous systems. SSOFC is further re-enforced with the agents to equip architectural intelligence and facilitate the cooperative tasks, such as the versatility to pass, share, communicate, liaise, and negotiate the information among the architectural components in a human way. The SSOFC operates in semantic and schematic spaces that are linked with a projection facilitated by cooperative agents. In the Semantic Space, the semantic proximity (semPro) through its first component context captures the real world semantics from the local heterogeneous sources. Meanwhile, in Structural Space, the schema correspondences are paramount in order to capture structural similarities in an algebraic or mathematical formalism for reasoning and manipulation on the computer.
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Wantuch-Matla, Dorota. "Rozwój środowiska mieszkaniowego na dawnych terenach przemysłowo--usługowych a dostępność zielonych przestrzeni publicznych – przypadek obszaru „Ludwinów-Mateczny" w Krakowie." Środowisko Mieszkaniowe, no. 38 (September 2022): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25438700sm.22.002.16102.
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W ostatniej dekadzie zabudowa mieszkaniowa w Krakowie rozwija się szczególnie intensywnie. Brak planów miejscowych w wielu częściach miasta powodował dotąd i nadal jeszcze nierzadko powoduje sytuację, w której tereny inwestycyjne są maksymalnie zabudowywane bez całościowej wizji dla obszaru na jakim się znajdują. Nierzadko wpływa to niekorzystnie na jakość przestrzeni publicznych, których charakterystyka staje się zaledwie wypadkową procesu zabudowy rozwijanej z niewielkim udziałem zieleni publicznej. Niniejszy artykuł prezentuje analizę przekształceń funkcjonalno-przestrzennych obszaru „Ludwinów-Mateczny” w Krakowie, zabudowywanego dotąd mimo braku planu miejscowego, atrakcyjnego nie tylko pod względem lokalizacyjnym, ale także ze względu na sąsiedztwo obszarów przyrodniczo cennych. Przedstawiono w nim wyniki badań procesu rozwoju lokalnego środowiska mieszkaniowego w okresie od ok. 2010 do 2022 roku. Badania oparto na analizach dostępnych dokumentów planistycznych, statystycznych, autorskiej analizie ilościowej zmian w strukturze przeznaczenia i użytkowania terenu, a także badaniach terenowych. Residential development in post-industrial and service areas and the availability of green public spaces – the case of the „Ludwinów-Mateczny” area in Krakow In the last decade residential development in Krakow has been particularly intensive. In consequence of many parts of the city being left without any local zoning plan, land designated for property development is developed to the maximum while the overreaching vision for the area is missing. This often has an adverse effect on the quality of public spaces, the characteristics of which is merely resultant from the development process developed with little public green space. This article presents an analysis of the functional and spatial transformation of the “Ludwinów-Mateczny” area in Krakow, which has been developed so far in spite of the lack of a local zoning plan, attractive not only in terms of its location, but also because of its proximity to valuable natural areas. It presents the results of a study of the local housing development process over the period starting approximately in 2010 and ending in 2022. The research was based on analyses of available planning and statistical documents, the author’s quantitative analysis of changes in the land designation (purpose) and use structure, as well as on the field research.
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Frisch, Nicholas, Valerie Belair-Gagnon, and Colin Agur. "Media capture with Chinese characteristics: Changing patterns in Hong Kong’s news media system." Journalism 19, no. 8 (2017): 1165–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464884917724632.
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In the Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong, a former British territory in southern China returned to the People’s Republic as a semi-autonomous enclave in 1997, media capture has distinct characteristics. On one hand, Hong Kong offers a case of media capture in an uncensored media sector and open market economy similar to those of Western industrialized democracies. Yet Hong Kong’s comparatively small size, close proximity, and broad economic exposure to the authoritarian markets and politics of neighboring Mainland China, which practices strict censorship, place unique pressures on Hong Kong’s nominally free press. Building on the literature on media and politics in Hong Kong post-handover and drawing on interviews with journalists in Hong Kong, this article examines the dynamics of media capture in Hong Kong. It highlights how corporate-owned legacy media outlets are increasingly deferential to the Beijing government’s news agenda, while social media is fostering alternative spaces for more skeptical and aggressive voices. This article develops a scholarly vocabulary to describe media capture from the perspective of local journalists and from the academic literature on media and power in Hong Kong and China since 1997.
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Panasolo, Alessandro, Franklin Galvão, Hermes Yukio Higachi, et al. "Urban green areas and real estate prices in Curitiba, Brazil." Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciências Ambientais 11, no. 6 (2020): 86–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.6008/cbpc2179-6858.2020.006.0008.
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We attempted to identify to which extent the implicit ecosystem service values of urban green areas impact real estate values in the city of Curitiba, Brazil. The study is based on spatial econometrics techniques and hedonic price theory applied to 43 urban green areas, highlighting three units: the Airumã Private Natural Heritage Reserve, the Teresa Urban Ecological Station, and the President Getulio Vargas Refinery. Information was obtained on the structural characteristics of more than 5,300 apartments and houses. The results of exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and estimates from hedonic regression model parameters show that the presence of urban green areas contribute to the final property prices. The effects of proximity to urban green areas on the price of urban residential property are not homogeneous and stationary throughout urban spaces and can generate distinct spatial clusters of real estate prices: high-high and low-low. The used methodology proved to be efficient to assess the value of urban green areas with regard to the use of information, processing, data analysis, and results generated. Furthermore, it measured the impact of these areas on property prices and provided easily interpretable data that can be relevant for payments for ecosystem services policies at the local level.
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le Polain de Waroux, Yann, Rachael D. Garrett, Robert Heilmayr, and Eric F. Lambin. "Land-use policies and corporate investments in agriculture in the Gran Chaco and Chiquitano." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 15 (2016): 4021–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1602646113.
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Growing demand for agricultural commodities is causing the expansion of agricultural frontiers onto native vegetation worldwide. Agribusiness companies linking these frontiers to distant spaces of consumption through global commodity chains increasingly make zero-deforestation pledges. However, production and land conversion are often carried out by less-visible local and regional actors that are mobile and responsive to new agricultural expansion opportunities and legal constraints on land use. With more stringent deforestation regulations in some countries, we ask whether their movements are determined partly by differences in land-use policies, resulting in “deforestation havens.” We analyze the determinants of investment decisions by agricultural companies in the Gran Chaco and Chiquitano, a region that has become the new deforestation “hot spot” in South America. We test whether companies seek out less-regulated forest areas for new agricultural investments. Based on interviews with 82 companies totaling 2.5 Mha of properties, we show that, in addition to proximity to current investments and the availability of cheap forestland, lower deforestation regulations attract investments by companies that tend to clear more forest, mostly cattle ranching operations, and that lower enforcement attracts all companies. Avoiding deforestation leakage requires harmonizing deforestation regulations across regions and commodities and promoting sustainable intensification in cattle ranching.
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Wattis, Louise. "Violence, emotion and place: The case of five murders involving sex workers." Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal 16, no. 2 (2019): 201–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741659019858371.
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This article examines a series of murders involving young women linked to sex work, which occurred in the same Northern town between 1998 and 2003. It explores the case on a number of levels. First, it situates violence, and these murders specifically, in the localised spaces of advanced marginality, which follow in the wake of deindustrialisation and economic decline. Second, the article links these murders to sex workers’ disproportionate vulnerability to violence as a result of social stigma and situational risk. However, informed by auto-ethnography and the growing recognition that there is potential for academic analysis within criminology to include the criminologist’s own emotional engagement, the discussion moves on to explore the author’s personal reflection on this series of murders derived from vicarious connection and proximity to victims. In addition, the author draws on the concepts of spectrality and haunting, which have gained currency across the social sciences, to illuminate the irrevocable connections between place, violence and emotion at the level of the local. The concept of spectrality offers a means of envisaging how the past continues to occupy and disrupt the present. Studies of place deploy spectrality and the figure of the ghost to consider how acts of violence and atrocity transform the essence of physical and social space. For the purposes of this article, the concept of haunting is used to explore these young women’s lives and deaths, which retain a strong presence in the collective memory due to their powerful connections to place, as well as the cultural work of the media in keeping them alive in the local imagination. Finally, the political potential of haunting – as a means to confront past and ongoing injustices, is also considered, which draws attention to the combined structural conditions in which these young women were murdered.
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Mahmoudi, S., M. R. Jelokhani-Niaraki, and M. Argany. "EVALUATION OF SPATIAL JUSTICE IN ACCESSIBILITY OF URBAN FACILITIES: A CASE STUDY OF ACCESSIBILITY OF PUBLIC PARKS IN DISTRICT # 11 OF TEHRAN, IRAN." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W18 (October 18, 2019): 703–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w18-703-2019.
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Abstract. The green spaces and urban parks play a critical role to improve the quality of life of citizens. In order to meet the principles of the justice-based city and spatial justice in the distribution of public services, it is necessary to evaluate the accessibility to parks in different locations and pay more attention to the places with a low level of accessibility. This study evaluates the spatial justice or inequalities in accessibility to urban parks in District # 11 of Tehran, Iran using a set of spatial indices and GIS tools. Indices used in this study are Covering, Minimum distance, Average distance, Proximity, Two-step floating catchment area and Gravity-based two-step floating catchment area. The results indicate that the level of accessibility to mini and neighborhood parks are almost similar and below the average level. The slight differences in the results are related to the differences in the assumptions and logics of methods. Moreover, the results show that the Coverage, 2SFCA and GB2SFCA (with inappropriate distance decay coefficient) methods face limitations when the accessibility for the community parks are calculated. For example, the Coverage method does not take into account the area of the park for measuring the accessibility level, in turn, this leads to inaccurate results. Overall, the findings show better accessibility to community parks than mini and neighborhood parks. This implies that the municipalities need to increase the number of local mini and neighborhood parks across the city.
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Sylla, Marta, Tadeusz Lasota, and Szymon Szewrański. "Valuing Environmental Amenities in Peri-Urban Areas: Evidence from Poland." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (2019): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030570.
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Ecosystems provide services that contribute to the well-being of people living within a city’s borders and on the urban–rural fringe. While benefits from green areas in urban settings are well investigated, peri-urban areas are significantly less addressed by researchers than cities. This study aims to evaluate the importance of environmental amenities in peri-urban areas using the hedonic pricing method to assess people’s willingness to pay for environmental goods and services. A local regression model (geographically weighted regression) and two global regression models (generalized spatial two-stage least squares and ordinary least square) are used to identify the spatial patterns and level of influence of protected areas, forests, rivers, trees, and landscape diversity. This paper includes the Central European case study example of a peri-urban area of the city of Wroclaw, Poland. The results from the three models show that out of all of the environmental amenities included in this study, proximity to protected areas—such as Natura 2000 sites and landscape parks—and the diversity of land-use patches within the 500-m radius around the sites exert the strongest influence on plot prices. The overall impact of environmental amenities on vacant plot prices in peri-urban areas is low or, as in the case of river and streams, not significant. The results of the analysis reveal the preferences of the new peri-urban inhabitants concerning green spaces that have an effect on the real estate market in Poland.
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Alba, Silvia, Maddalena Baldo, Laura De Benedetti, et al. "A Participatory Inventory Project to Kick-Start the Creation of a Hospital Park: The Experience of the University of Verona (North-Eastern Italy)." Sustainability 15, no. 5 (2023): 3905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15053905.
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The proximity and accessibility of a green space to places of care have recognized beneficial effects on healing processes. In this communication, we present the results of a pilot research action which has been focused on a neglected urban green area located near to a university hospital. The research action was conducted with a participatory approach, which mainly involved university students, to make the renovation project more inclusive and to create an opportunity for training on green and sustainability themes. The specific aims were: (i) to initiate the renovation of a green space of 18,000 square meters with potential benefits for users of both the hospital and the University of Verona (north-eastern Italy); (ii) to map and classify the greenery in the park; and (iii) to investigate the opinions and attitudes of the potential users of the green area. By performing digital identification and mapping, a detailed tree inventory of the green space was created. Results showed that five species accounted for more than 70% of the trees, with the majority being deciduous plants (59%) between 5 and 20 m tall (72.5%) and 20–200 cm in circumference (80.8%). Through interviews with the population, we highlighted a limited knowledge of the area but a consensus on the importance of the requalification. We highlight how the participatory methodology may represent a valuable tool for local policymakers to manage the city’s green spaces at various scales and implement greenery for the common well-being.
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Yilmaz, Murat, Mahmud Aydin, Mehmet Ersin, and Mehmet Ekinci. "Safe and dangerous zones for the superficial femoral artery in femoral surgery." Acta Orthopaedica Belgica 88, no. 3 (2022): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.52628/88.3.9623.
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The proximity of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) to the femur exposes the SFA to risks that have serious complications. Although surgeons have used the lateral or medial approach to lessen these risks, they have not been eliminated. Therefore, this study aimed to identify dangerous and safe zones in terms of the SFA that can be used during femoral surgical procedures, using anatomical reference points. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) of 50 patients aged between 16 and 60 years obtained from the local institution’s database was examined. Radiological and clinical measurements were performed to determine the position of the SFA relative to the femur. The mean age of the patients included in this study was 38.08 ± 9.44 (16–60) years. The average ratio of the distance between the proximal and distal borders of the dangerous zone and the lateral joint spaces (LJS) to the distance between the greater trochanter (GT) and LJS was 0.5722 ± 0.053, respectively. The average ratio of the distance between the end of the dangerous zone and LJS to the distance between the GT and LJS was 0.4108 ± 0.05026. This study found that 40% and 60% of the clinically measured distance between the GT and LJS can be used to determine safe and dangerous zones during femoral surgery. Additionally, the half distance between the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and medial joint space (MJS) and one-fourth of the distance between the ASIS and LJS can be used to determine safe and dangerous zones in patients whose GT are not easily palpated.
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Cohen, B. R. "Don’t Mono-crop the Movement." Gastronomica 14, no. 1 (2014): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2014.14.1.5.
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Over the past generation, advocates for healthier food and agriculture have drawn on the farm-to-fork trope to define spatial arrangements in the foodshed. Consider farmers' markets, food hubs, community supported agriculture (CSA), co-ops, rooftop, community, and schoolyard gardens, 100-Mile Diets, and urban farms: the architecture of reform is endless, but every part seeks to reduce the distance between food producers (farms) and consumers (forks). For all the intuitive appeal of the farm-to-fork trope, however, there are other ways to think about the local food movement's spatial configurations that could be more inclusive, multidimensional, and politically potent. This article argues that instead of a distance versus proximity orientation, good-food advocates might envision a kind of cultural ecology of various efforts toward healthier food and agriculture. This perspective shows the various organizational efforts of a region interacting like species in a healthy ecosystem. Where farmers' markets might be gentrified, for example, community gardens and urban farms might not; where urban farms might be labor intensive, food hubs might not and could offer healthier food in urban spaces; where food hubs might not be convenient enough, virtual marketplaces might. The downsides of one part are carried by the advantages of another; the limitations of the first are helped by the strengths of the next. What matters here are not just the particular individual innovations—farmers' markets, CSAs, food hubs, etc.—but the ways in which they overlap to build an interdependent whole. No longer one-dimensional, this cultural ecology adds political and organizational integrity to the physical integrity of food.
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Li, Zhaoji, Shihong Peng, Weiguang Cai, et al. "Impacts of Building Microenvironment on Energy Consumption in Office Buildings: Empirical Evidence from the Government Office Buildings in Guangdong Province, China." Buildings 13, no. 2 (2023): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020481.
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Social progress and economic development has resulted in the need to focus on the impacts of building microenvironment on the energy consumption in office buildings. The concept of a building’s microenvironment was introduced to understand the local microclimate around a building that is formed by the surrounding urban green spaces, the distribution of roads, and building proximity. For this research, we adopted a regression analysis to quantify the impacts of building microenvironment on energy consumption in office buildings. Taking the government office buildings of Guangdong Province as an example, we measured the building microenvironment through the urban green space density, road density, and number of points of interest (POI) around the buildings. The results showed that when the green space density increased by one unit, the energy consumption in government office buildings was reduced by 0.277%. Moreover, an increase of 1% in road density and in the number of POI increased the energy consumption in government office buildings by 0.288% and 0.048%, respectively. Furthermore, we discussed the heterogeneous impacts of building microenvironment on the energy consumption in government office buildings at varying scale levels. Green space and road density had less impact on the energy consumption in larger buildings, whereas the number of POI had no significant impact on small-scale buildings but did have a significant impact on large-scale buildings. There were also some limitations in the study. The data were limited to government office buildings, and did not include panel data, as well as it lacked building characteristics such as orientation, floor height, and building materials. In addition, it was impossible to evaluate the impacts of meteorological factors such as wind speed and thermal radiation on energy consumption in buildings. Nonetheless, our study demonstrates that energy-aware urban planning and design have the potential to unlock energy efficiency for cities worldwide.
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McGillivray, Donald, and Jane Holder. "Locality, environment and law: the case of town and village greens." International Journal of Law in Context 3, no. 1 (2007): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744552307001012.
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In this paper we explore one type of commons – town and village greens – which are an important feature of the rural and, increasingly, the urban, English landscape. Greens are an ancient form of commons, but they are increasingly recognised as having contemporary significance, particularly because of their potential to act as a reservoir for natural resources and their enjoyment. They are, in other words, emerging out of a ‘feudal box’. We focus on the fact that town and village greens are recognised in law by their association with a group of people defined by their physical proximity to the land which is to be registered. Although this does not in itself constitute a community, the law requires for the registration of land as a town or village green a certain degree of organisation and self-selection and this has in the past fostered both a sense of subjective belief in ‘belonging’, as well as exclusion (the rights of local people being potentially ‘diluted’ by the use of the land by those from outside the locality). As well as helping to produce and recognise community and community identity, then, commons may simultaneously produce the conditions for disassociation and exclusion. In this context, we consider how law defines and upholds notions of locality, and also the ways in which an increasingly powerful environmental discourse might be seen to challenge the primacy given to locality as a way of defining and creating greens and, more generally, the practical effects of this on how decisions are made about preserving these spaces as ‘common’. We consider the scope of the public trust doctrine as providing an example of how law is capable of accommodating ideas of shared nature and natural resources, in this case providing a form of public ownership over natural resources. Whilst our analysis is rooted firmly in the law relating to town and village greens in England and Wales, this body of law displays certain important features more broadly applicable to a range of other types of common land, and raises more general issues about how law supports certain interests in land, often to the exclusion of others.
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Davies, Frederick B. "Ionization bias and the ghost proximity effect near z ≳ 6 quasars in the shadow of proximate absorption systems." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 494, no. 2 (2020): 2937–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa528.
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ABSTRACT The larger-than-expected scatter in the opacity of the Ly α forest suggests that the metagalactic ionizing background is strongly fluctuating at $z$ > 5.5. Models for ionizing background fluctuations predict a strong positive bias on large scales, so the environments of massive $\text{$\gt$} 10^{12}\, {\rm M}_\odot$ dark matter haloes, e.g. $z$ ∼ 6 quasar hosts, would be ideal laboratories to constrain the sources of ionizing photons. While the quasars themselves should overwhelm any plausible ionizing photon contribution from neighbouring galaxies, proximate damped Ly α absorbers (DLAs) have recently been discovered in the foreground of $z$ ∼ 6 quasars, and the Ly α forest in the shadow of these DLAs could probe the local ionization environment. Using Gpc3 simulations of $z$ = 6 ionizing background fluctuations, we show that while the Ly α forest signal from ionization bias around a quasar host halo should be strong, it is likely suppressed by the associated intergalactic matter overdensity. We also show that the quasar itself may still overwhelm the clustering signal via a ‘ghost’ of the proximity effect from the quasar radiation, causing a large-scale bias in the ionizing photon mean free path. This ghost proximity effect is sensitive to the lifetime and geometry of quasar emission, potentially unlocking a new avenue for constraining these fundamental quasar properties. Finally, we present observations of a $z$ ∼ 6 quasar with a proximate DLA, which shows a strong excess in Ly α forest transmission at the predicted location of the ghost proximity effect.
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Spencer, Andrew J., and Diana Spencer. "Cruising on choppy seas: the revitalization of Jamaica as a cruise destination post COVID-19." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 14, no. 2 (2022): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-12-2021-0155.
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PurposeThis article focuses on critical areas that must be adjusted and adopted in the post-Covid era. It explores strategies that are needed for the post-Covid period in cruise tourism in the Caribbean with special reference to endemic gaps in the sustainable development of cruising in Jamaica which resulted in the pre-pandemic status quo. The article aims to recommend ways of creating a road map for greater sustainability for cruise tourism in the Caribbean, the most tourism-dependent region of the world.Design/methodology/approachThe main approach is via the frame of sustainable development pillars. The methodology involved interviews with tourism and cruise industry executives and content analysis of company documents of the Jamaica Tourist Board. Additional primary data were collected from a large cruise line serving the Caribbean market. This exercise was primarily to derive insights on their customer satisfaction data. Primary data were also collected on Covid testing by Baywest Medical in Montego Bay Jamaica.FindingsIt is clear from the data that the cruise industry in Jamaica has not maximized its potential. This is largely due to the posture of large private cruise lines, which have negotiated solely in favour of their bottom line. It was also found that Jamaica has suffered from its own slow approach to the diversification of its ports and surrounding communities. Additionally, another major finding revealed that the matter of visitors has been inadequately addressed; despite cruise line data indicating a need for safer, more seamless spaces. The major strength identified is the creation of “resilient corridors” in Jamaica, which have worked well in support of the return of stopover arrivals since 2021. In fact, reported Covid cases related to the corridor have a positivity rate of less than 1% while the national figure is 9.9% for the month of July 2021, according to the Ministry of Health and Wellness.Research limitations/implicationsThis article highlights gaps in the current construct of Caribbean cruising and plots a path to bridging those gaps. The major limitation is that it focuses on the case of Jamaica. Future research should consider other islands in the region and seek to gather data directly from guests when the industry reopens, as opposed to the current approach of guest comments through cruise line documents.Practical implicationsThe practical implications are that policy-makers will be able to apply the recommendations for creating a partnership of equals, greater port and product diversification, visitor safety improvement and optimizing the resilient corridors. This will have a significant economic impact arising from greater flows of guests and extended time spent on shore.Social implicationsThe absence of cruising has had a major impact on the socioeconomics of communities in closeness, proximity to cruising, as evidenced in craft markets and ground transportation. These groupings are considered to be particularly vulnerable.Originality/valueThis paper is the first to excavate the specific hurdles, which must be tackled in the post-Covid era in Jamaica. It is of particular value to local policy-makers, local businesses and cruise lines serving the Caribbean region.
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Aguspriyanti, Carissa Dinar, Helen, and Sudiana. "KAJIAN BENTUK POLA PERSEBARAN PERMUKIMAN PESISIR DI KECAMATAN MORO, KEPULAUAN RIAU." Mintakat: Jurnal Arsitektur 23, no. 2 (2022): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26905/jam.v23i2.7460.
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Studi ini mengkaji bentuk pola persebaran permukiman pesisir di Kecamatan Moro, Kepulauan Riau, khususnya di bagian selatan Pulau Sugi Bawah. Hal ini dikarenakan kondisi wilayahnya yang semakin padat dengan pembangunan yang cenderung tidak beraturan, beresiko menurunkan kualitas permukiman yang ada di sana, dan merusak lingkungan sekitar. Padahal Kecamatan Moro dikenal kaya akan kearifan lokal kuliner, seni, dan budaya. Dengan menggunakan metode interpretasi visual dari gambaran muka bumi (Google Earth), studi kualitatif deskriptif ini menemukan bahwa terdapat dua bentuk pola persebaran antara lain pola memanjang dan pola lompatan katak. Sebagai pola utama, pola memanjang dapat ditemukan di sepanjang zona perbatasan darat dan air, serta di beberapa wilayah pada zona daratan. Sedangkan pola lompatan katak hanya ditemukan di beberapa titik lokasi pada zona daratan. Walaupun dinilai tidak efektif, pola tersebut memungkinkan adanya ruang-ruang terbuka di kawasan permukiman dan berpotensi menjadi katalis pembangunan di area lain yang belum padat. Terbentuknya kedua pola tersebut di permukiman pesisir ini dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti mata pencaharian penduduk yang menuntut kemudahan akses terhadap perairan, kedekatan dengan pelabuhan, kemudahan akses terhadap jalan utama atau sekunder, dan keinginan dari penduduknya sendiri.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------This study analyses the distribution pattern of coastal settlements in Moro District, Riau Islands, particularly in the southern part of Sugi Bawah Island. It is because the condition of the area is increasingly dense with the development that tends to be irregular and at risk of reducing the quality of the settlements, as well as damaging the surrounding environment. Whereas Moro District is known to be rich in local wisdom such as culinary, art, and culture. By using the visual interpretation method of the earth's surface (Google Earth), this descriptive qualitative study found that there are two forms of distribution patterns, namely linear pattern and leap frog pattern. As the main pattern, the linear development pattern can be found along the land and water boundary zones, as well as in some areas of the land zone. Meanwhile, the leap frog pattern was only found in a few locations in the mainland zone. Although considered ineffective, this pattern allows for open spaces in the settlement areas and has the potential to be a catalyst for development in other areas that are not yet crowded. The formation of these two patterns in coastal settlements was likely influenced by several factors such as the livelihoods of the residents who demand easy access to waters, proximity to ports, easy access to main or secondary roads, and the wishes of the residents themselves.
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Ferrao, Paulo, Mark S. Myerson, John M. Schuberth, and Michael J. McCourt. "Cement Spacer as Definitive Management for Postoperative Ankle Infection." Foot & Ankle International 33, no. 3 (2012): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3113/fai.2012.0173.
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Background: Postoperative infection can be a devastating complication of ankle replacement and arthrodesis surgery. Management consists of eradication of the infection and either, revision of the initial surgery or some form of salvage procedure. There are instances however when the patient is asymptomatic, medically unfit, or the local tissue is too tenuous to warrant performing additional surgery. We conducted a retrospective review of the outcome of the use of an antibiotic impregnated cement spacer as the definitive procedure in this kind of patient. Methods: There were nine patients with post operative deep ankle infection following surgery who did not undergo subsequent revision surgery. The initial surgeries were either total ankle replacement (TAR) ( n = 6) or ankle arthrodesis ( n = 3). The indications for the retention of the cement spacer were patients who were asymptomatic following insertion of the cement spacer, did not desire further surgery, or were medically unfit for further surgery. The patients all underwent removal of hardware or implants, debridement, and insertion of an antibiotic impregnated cement spacer. Six weeks of intravenous antibiotics were administered according to culture sensitivity results. Patients were followed up closely for complications (wound dehiscence, spacer migration, bone loss), resolution of infection, functionality, and satisfaction. Results: The average time of cement spacer retention was 20.1 months, ranging from 6 to 62 months. The most common infecting organisms were Staph. Aureus ( n = 3) and Staph. Epidermidis ( n = 3). One patient had wound complications, possibly due to the proximity of the cement spacer to the anterior skin surface. One patient had a repeat infection at 52 months. The most common co-morbidities were rheumatoid arthritis ( n = 3) and diabetes ( n = 2). At final followup, seven patients still had a retained cement spacer and two had subsequent below knee amputations (BKA) performed as a result of delayed complications. Review of the X-rays revealed two patients with loosening and migration of the cement spacer. No patients had signs of excessive bone loss. All patients with a retained antibiotic cement spacer were mobile and able to perform basic activities of daily living with minimal discomfort. Conclusion: The long-term use of antibiotic impregnated cement spacers following postoperative ankle infection is a reasonable option in the low demand patient with surgical or medical co-morbidities. Level of Evidence: IV; Retrospective Case Series
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Freitas, Rodrigo F., Ana L. Chies-Santos, Cristina Furlanetto, and Fabricio Ferrari. "Structure and morphology of relic galaxies in the Local Universe." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 15, S359 (2020): 431–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921320002069.
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AbstractRed Nugget galaxies found at high-z have analogues in the Local Universe which are called relic galaxies. Because of their proximity to Earth, the relics allow a more detailed analysis of their properties and can help us understand the formation of massive early-type galaxies, since Red Nuggets could be their first phase of formation. The main goal of this work is to characterize the structure and morphology of candidates and confirmed relic galaxies in the Local Universe to further search for similar objects observationally and within cosmological simulations.