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1
1936-, Hinz Manfred O., and Gatter Frank Thomas 1946-, eds. Global responsibility--local agenda: The legitimacy of modern self-determination and African traditional authority. Lit Verlag, 2006.
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Hernández Navarro, Luis. Self-Defense in Mexico. Translated by Ramor Ryan. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469654539.001.0001.
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In Mexico and across other parts of Latin America local Indigenous peoples have built community policing groups as a means of protection where the state has limited control over, and even complicity in, crime and violence. Luis Hernández Navarro, a leading Mexican journalist, offers a riveting investigation of these armed self-defense groups that sprang up around the time of the 1994 Zapatista uprising in Chiapas. Available in English for the first time, the book spotlights the intense precarity of everyday life in parts of Mexico. Hernández Navarro shows how the self-defense response, which now includes wealthier rancher and farmer groups, is being transformed by Mexico’s expanding role in the multibillion dollar global drug trade, by foreign corporations’ extraction of raw minerals in traditionally Indigenous lands, and by the resulting social changes in local communities. But as Hernández Navarro acknowledges, self-defense is highly controversial. Community policing may provide citizens with increased agency, but for government officials it can be a dangerous threat to the status quo. Leftists and liberals are wary of how the groups may be linked to paramilitary forces and vulnerable to manipulation by drug traffickers and the government alike. This book answers the urgent call to understand the dangerous complexities of government failures and popular solutions.
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Dugan, Mahni. Mobilities of Self and Place. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc., 2019. https://doi.org/10.5040/9798881811266.
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When it comes to migration, there is no level playing field. Some people are privileged, advantaged, and supported and others are marginalised, persecuted, and traumatised. The extension of the rights and equalities for which many people advocate, and provision of other extrinsic conditions are insufficient for wellbeing. This work asks: what is sufficient? What is it that people do—and can do—to change their experience from suffering to wellbeing when handling challenges of migration and other mobilities? What helps people when they are migrating? What have migrants experienced and learned that could be useful to others facing challenges of mobility and change? How can this learning be applied to promote greater social wellbeing and care of environments, in an increasingly mobile world? Mobilities of Self and Place documents rich conversations with regular migrants and refugees to critically consider migration history, human rights, place, self, and mobilities studies. The work explores ontological and epistemological questions of sense of self, sense of place, identity and agency. Mahni Dugan helps us understand how the relationship between sense of place and sense of self affects the ability of migrants to relocate with wellbeing. The movement from global to local, social to personal, intellectual to experiential offers a broad societal understanding of the phenomena and challenges of contemporary mobilities.
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Wang, Min. Multimodalities and Chinese Students’ L2 Practices. Lexington Books, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781978724280.
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Multimodalities and Chinese Students’ L2 Practices: Identity, Community, and Literacy explores the complex relations and interactions among multimodality, positioning, and agency in increasingly digitized, multilingual, and multicultural contexts. Min Wang uses interview narratives, WeChat exchanges, and class observations and field notes of three Chinese international students’ lived experiences of English learning to show that these L2 learners recognized and appropriated multiple modes and digital tools for their L2 literacies practices. They used multimodalities to position themselves as L2 users who are confident, able, and competent, but sometimes also struggling and ambivalent. The practice of meaning-making, remaking, designing, and redesigning demonstrated their agency as L2 learners. Positioned as cultural and social beings, these L2 learners presented their self-understandings and self-representations through symbolic and material artifacts, interactions with local and non-local people, and engagement in WeChat discussions and ELI learning. They assumed rights, obligations, and expectations in order to become legitimate community members. In the process their agency was promoted, negotiated, or sometimes limited by micro-social structures and ongoing interactions.
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Brysk, Alison. Norm Change. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190901516.003.0010.
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Changes in attitudes, values, and beliefs about the many manifestations of violence against women are a necessary complement to globalizing rights standards, law enforcement, public policy, and grassroots empowerment. In Chapter 10, we will analyze the requisites and results of campaigns for norm change in women’s agency, masculine identities, and sexual self-determination. Communication campaigns aim to reshape community consciousness of gender regimes in South Africa, India, and Brazil. Global programs adopted by local movements promote women’s agency and empowerment to resist violence in India and Pakistan. Both global programs and transnational coalitions work to engage men and transform violent masculinities in India, South Africa, and Brazil. Finally, we will trace a variety of civil society cultural initiatives asserting sexual self-determination in Mexico, Pakistan, Russia, Ukraine, and China.
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Brysk, Alison. Freedom. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190901516.003.0005.
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Chapter 5 considers threats to sexual self-determination through case studies of FGM/C in Egypt, trafficking in the Philippines, and child marriage in India.Persisting patterns of denial of self-determination over sexuality and marriage result from state complicity with local patriarchal elites, honor cultures, and suppression of women’s agency. Sexual slavery is most characteristic of patriarchal states, but often lags in sectors of emerging economies. Violations of self-determination such as trafficking or forced marriage may also resurface in all types of gender regimes when the society or community experiences a severe crisis such as war, radical regime change, forced migration, natural disaster, or economic collapse. We will map the incidence of these violations of bodily self-determination, analyze the causal dynamics, illustrate patterns of abuse, and expose the dilemmas for rights reform. In each case, we will trace responses in the international regime, law, and human rights campaigns.
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(Editor), Thomas Gatter, and Manfred Hinz (Editor), eds. Global Responsibility - Local Agenda: The Legitimacy of Modern Self-determination and African Traditional Authority. Lit Verlag, 2003.
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Bloomer, Kristin C. Possessed by the Virgin. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190615093.001.0001.
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This book is an ethnographic account of three Roman Catholic women in contemporary Tamil Nadu, south India, who claim to be possessed by Mary, the mother of Jesus. It follows their lives over more than a decade, describing their own, the researcher’s own, and devotees’ understandings of the women’s healing and possession practices along with questions about agency, gender roles, authenticity, and social power. It asks, how is it that some experiences of “possession” (a word introduced to India by Christian missionaries, which the book complicates through Tamil renditions) are recognized as authentic, yet others are not? What are the local conditions that enable their very possibility? Discussions of local and widespread “Hindu” practices and discourses shed light on how these women and their followers navigate their bodily experience, socioeconomic status, caste, and gender roles in a modern world of technological change and global economy—and how Church officials navigate these women. Part travelogue, part academic analysis, the book addresses a wide audience, including academics interested in the study of religion, spirit possession, anthropology, women’s and gender studies, postcolonialism, Global Christianity, Tamil culture, Mariology, fluid boundaries across “traditions,” and the relationship between the ethnographer-“Self” and “Other.”
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Reese, Ashanté M., and Dara Cooper. Black Food Geographies. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469651507.001.0001.
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In this book, Ashanté M. Reese makes clear the structural forces that determine food access in urban areas, highlighting Black residents’ navigation of and resistance to unequal food distribution systems. Linking these local food issues to the national problem of systemic racism, Reese examines the history of the majority-Black Deanwood neighborhood of Washington, D.C. Based on extensive ethnographic fieldwork, Reese not only documents racism and residential segregation in the nation’s capital but also tracks the ways transnational food corporations have shaped food availability. By connecting community members’ stories to the larger issues of racism and gentrification, Reese shows there are hundreds of Deanwoods across the country. Reese’s geographies of self-reliance offer an alternative to models that depict Black residents as lacking agency, demonstrating how an ethnographically grounded study can locate and amplify nuances in how Black life unfolds within the context of unequal food access.
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Jakimow, Tanya. Susceptibility in Development. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198854739.001.0001.
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Susceptibility in Development offers a novel approach to understanding power in development through theories of affect and emotion. Development agents—people tasked with designing or delivering development—are susceptible to being affected in ways that may derail or threaten their ‘sense of self’. This susceptibility is in direct relation to the capacity of others to affect development agents: an overlooked form of power. This book proposes a new analytical framework—the capacity/susceptibility to affect/be affected—to enable new readings of power relations and their consequences for development. These barely perceptible forms of power become visible through ethnographic attention to local level development. Susceptibility in Development offers a comparative ethnography of two types of local development agents: volunteers in a community development programme in Medan, Indonesia, and women municipal councillors in Dehradun, India. Ethnographic accounts that are attentive to the emotions and affects engendered in encounters between volunteers and ‘beneficiaries’, or municipal councillors and voters (for example) provide a fresh reading of the relations shaping local development. Local development agents may be more ‘susceptible’ than workers and volunteers from the global North, yet the capacity/susceptibility to affect/be affected orders relations and shapes outcomes of development from the local to the global. In theorizing from the local, Susceptibility in Development offers fresh insights into power dynamics in development.
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Poblete, JoAnna. Limited Leadership. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038297.003.0007.
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This chapter examines the roles played by Puerto Rican labor agents such as Florentin Souza and Alberto E. Minvielle in Hawaiʻi's sugar plantations during the first half of the twentieth century. Like Filipinos, Puerto Ricans also relied on local leaders to translate and convey their issues to plantation managers. Since few Puerto Rican laborers at the Olaʻa plantation understood English, both workers and plantation leaders looked to independent labor mediators to bridge the language barrier between Anglo-American leadership and intra-colonials. This chapter first discusses the roles of the two types of Puerto Rican middlemen in Hawaiʻi, sporadic community ethnic mediators and self-initiated labor agents, before considering how they became important advocates and mediators for intra-colonials and sugar plantation management.
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Barrett, Caitlín Eilís. Domesticating Empire. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190641351.001.0001.
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This book is the first contextually oriented monograph on Egyptian imagery from Roman households. The author uses case studies from Flavian Pompeii to investigate the close association between representations of Egypt and a particular type of Roman household space: domestic gardens. Through paintings and mosaics depicting the Nile, canals that turned the garden itself into a model “Nile,” and statuary depicting Egyptian gods, animals, and individuals, many gardens in Pompeii confronted ancient visitors with images of (a Roman vision of) Egypt. Simultaneously far away and familiar, these imagined landscapes transformed domestic space into a microcosm of empire. In contrast to older interpretations that connect Roman “Aegyptiaca” to the worship of Egyptian gods or the problematic concept of “Egyptomania,” a contextual analysis of these garden assemblages suggests new possibilities for meaning. In Pompeian houses, Egyptian and Egyptian-looking objects and images interacted with their settings to construct complex entanglements of “foreign” and “familiar,” “self” and “other.” Representations of Egyptian landscapes in domestic gardens enabled individuals to present themselves as cosmopolitan, sophisticated citizens of empire. Yet at the same time, household material culture also exerted an agency of its own: domesticizing, familiarizing, and “Romanizing” once-foreign images and objects. That which was once alien and potentially dangerous was now part of the domus itself, increasingly incorporated into cultural constructions of what it meant to be “Roman.” Through participatory multimedia assemblages evoking landscapes both local and international, the houses examined in this book made the breadth of empire compatible with the familiarity of home.
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Hass, Jeffrey K. Wartime Suffering and Survival. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197514276.001.0001.
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This book explores how people survive in the face of incredible odds. When our backs are against the wall, what are our interests, identities, and practices? When are we self-centered, empathetic, altruistic, or ambivalent? How much agency do the desperate have—or want? Such was the situation in the Blockade of Leningrad, nearly 900 days from 1941 to 1944, in which over one million civilians died—but more survived due to gumption and creativity. How did they survive, and how did survival reinforce or reshape identities, practices, and relations under Stalin? Using diaries, recollections, police records, interviews, and state documents from Leningrad, this book shows average Leningraders coping with war, starvation, and extreme uncertainty. Local relations and social distance matter significantly when states and institutions falter under duress. Opportunism and desperation were balanced by empathy and relations. One key to Leningraders’ practices was relations to anchors—entities of symbolic and personal significance that anchored Leningraders to each other and a sense of community. Such anchors as food and Others shaped practices of empathy and compassion, and of opportunism and egoism. By exploring the state and shadow markets, food, families, gender, class, death, and suffering, Wartime Suffering and Survival relays Leningraders’ stories to show a little-told side of Russian and Soviet history and to explore the human condition and who we really are. This speaks not only to rethinking the nature of the Soviet Union and Stalinism, but also to the nature of social relations, practices, and people more generally.
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Rahimi, Rod. Atypical Pulmonary Infections. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0027.
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Legionellosis or Legionnaires’ disease (LD) is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia and can cause rapidly progressive respiratory failure and septic shock. Respiratory symptoms generally predominate; nonspecific symptoms include fever, malaise, myalgias, anorexia, and headache. There are no characteristic presenting clinical or radiological features, and the severity of illness can range from mild to severe. Although erythromycin was initially used to treat LD, trials have demonstrated that the newer macrolides and the respiratory fluoroquinolones are the antimicrobial agents of choice. Given the potential for outbreaks of LD, documented cases should be reported to the local or state health department. Along with LD, Legionella may cause Pontiac Fever, an influenza-like illness without pneumonia, which is self-limiting and does not require treatment.
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Clark, Gordon L., Ashby H. B. Monk, Gordon L. Clark, and Ashby H. B. Monk. Public-sector Contracting for Investment Services. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793212.003.0007.
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In Chapter 7, the focus shifts to public agents and the process of contracting financial services and local pension funds in the US states. The costs of governing and managing this sector are addressed and an idealized model of the institutional design, administration, and supervision of the investment management process is introduced, laying out the forms and functions of pensions in relation to their beneficial purpose. In a brief overview of the US state and local PERS sector, its economic significance and distinctive institutional ecology are noted. The authors’ research demonstrates the extent to which the market for financial services in the US public pension-fund sector is Balkanized, implying significant transaction costs for both the buy and sell sides of the market, more often found at the city or metropolitan level than among funds within states or between funds of adjacent states.
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Brooker, Megan E. Indivisible. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190886172.003.0009.
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In the wake of Donald Trump’s election to the presidency, a group of former Democratic Congressional staffers set out to organize and educate the grassroots opposition to the new administration. Indivisible began with an online guide providing an action plan of how to influence Congress. Subsequent efforts focused on ways to influence policy through conventional political channels, by stalling or defeating the Trump administration’s agenda using local, grassroots protest and advocacy tactics. Self-consciously strategic, Indivisible explicitly described its strategy as inspired by the success of the Tea Party. Like the Tea Party, Indivisible’s organizational model encouraged supporters to target members of Congress by attending town halls, making phone calls, and visiting their offices. This chapter explores how political circumstances shape the avenues of influence available to challengers and the means of contention in which they engage at any given time.
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Ehresmann, Andrée. Applications of Categories to Biology and Cognition. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198748991.003.0015.
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Mathematical models used in biology are generally adapted from physics and relate to specific local processes. Category theory helps developing global dynamic models account for the main specificities of living systems: (i) The system is evolutionary, with a tangled hierarchy of interacting components, which change over time. (ii) It develops a robust and flexible memory up to the emergence of components and processes of increasing complexity. (iii) It has a multi-agent, multi-temporality, self-organization. This chapter presents such a model, the Memory Evolutive Systems, which in particular characterizes the property at the root of emergence and flexibility. A main application is the model MENS for a neurocognitive system which proposes a physically based “theory of mind”, up to the emergence of higher cognitive processes such as consciousness, anticipation, and creativity.
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Baptiste, Bala James, and Brian Ward. Race and Radio. University Press of Mississippi, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496822062.001.0001.
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Race and Radio: Pioneering Black Broadcasters in New Orleans explicates the emergence of blacks in broadcasting in New Orleans. The racial integration of changed the medium making it a channel for African American discourse, the music and interviews of local black musicians, and innovative black rhetoric. O.C.W. Taylor was the city's first black radio announcer. He hosted an unprecedented talk show, the “Negro Forum,” on WNOE beginning in 1946 and continuing for 22 years. Doctors, journalists, owners of funeral homes, directors of non-profits, and other professionals spoke. Clergy from various denominations discussed topics such as practical applications of Biblical stories. The guests inspired linked fate among listeners who had never heard African American voices on radio and believed they could also achieve. In 1949, listeners heard the arrival of Vernon "Dr. Daddy-O" Winslow's smooth, articulate, and disk jockey creative voice. The Fitzgerald Advertising Agency hired him to sell Jax beer to the black market using his show “Jivin’ with Jax” broadcast on WWEZ. He interviewed African American artists and played their music. After arriving from Chicago in 1953, Larry McKinley began informing blacks over WMRY of local activities of the Civil Rights Movement in the city. In 1957, he moved to WYLD which morphed into WMRY. This thick historiography situates Race and Radio within theories of racism, ideological hegemony, and marginalization, concepts explaining of why whites locked blacks out of the production and dissemination of media content.
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Harding, Simon. County Lines. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529203073.001.0001.
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Described by the National Crime Agency as a ‘significant threat’, county lines involve gangs recruiting vulnerable youth to sell drugs in provincial areas. This phenomenon has impacted local drug markets, increasing criminal activity and violence. Exploring how county lines evolve, the book reveals extensive criminal exploitation and control in the daily ‘grind’ to sell drugs. Drawing upon extensive interviews and case studies, the book gives voice to users and dealers, providing an in-depth analysis of techniques, relationships and ‘trapping’. The book examines how London-based urban street gangs establish county line drug-supply networks into the Home Counties. It draws upon two principle theoretical perspectives: social field analysis and street capital theory. It then traces the emergence of county lines, noting operational and cultural shifts in drug supply and distribution, and assesses the question of who joins a county lines. The book moves on to examine how the actual processes of county lines drug-supply networks work in reality, looking at the internal dynamics, and it evaluates the complex set of inter-personal relationships between the user community and county line operatives. It then focuses on the families of those involved in county lines, looking at how violence and intimidation often reverberates back into families. The book concludes that in the United Kingdom, the social fields of the urban street gang and of drug distribution markets, are rapidly evolving; it is important to consider how the relational boundaries of these social fields are interacting with the social field of organised crime. With county lines now a critical issue for policing and government, this is an invaluable contribution to literature on gangs, youth violence and drugs. The book begins by describing how the research study was conducted.
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Arias, Enrique Desmond, and Thomas Grisaffi, eds. Cocaine. Duke University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478021957.
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The contributors to Cocaine analyze the contemporary production, transit, and consumption of cocaine throughout the Americas and the illicit economy's entanglement with local communities. Based on in-depth interviews and archival research, these essays examine how government agents, acting both within and outside the law, and criminal actors seek to manage the flow of illicit drugs to both maintain order and earn profits. Whether discussing the moral economy of coca cultivation in Bolivia, criminal organizations and drug traffickers in Mexico, or the routes cocaine takes as it travels into and through Guatemala, the contributors demonstrate how entire ways of life are built around cocaine commodification. They consider how the authority of state actors is coupled with the self-regulating practices of drug producers, traffickers, and dealers, complicating notions of governance and of the relationships between economic and moral economies. The collection also outlines a more progressive drug policy that acknowledges the important role drugs play in the lives of those at the urban and rural margins. Contributors. Enrique Desmond Arias, Lilian Bobea, Philippe Bourgois, Anthony W. Fontes, Robert Gay, Paul Gootenberg, Romain Le Cour Grandmaison, Thomas Grisaffi, Laurie Kain Hart, Annette Idler, George Karandinos, Fernando Montero, Dennis Rodgers, Taniele Rui, Cyrus Veeser, Autumn Zellers-León
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Watson, Jay, and James G. ,. Jr Thomas, eds. Faulkner and Money. University Press of Mississippi, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496822529.001.0001.
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The matter of money touches the writer's life at every point:in the need to make ends meet, in daily dealings with agents, editors, and publishers, and in the choice of subject matter and the lineaments of the imagined world.William Faulkner was no exception.The people and communities he wrote about were deeply entangled in personal, local, regional, national, and even global networks of industry, commerce, and finance, as was the author himself, whose economic biography often followed, but occasionally bucked, the tumultuous economic trends of the twentieth century.This collection brings together a distinguished group of scholars to explore the economic contexts of Faulkner's life and work, to follow the proverbial money toward new insights into the Nobel laureate and new questions about his art.Essays address economies of debt and gift-giving in Intruder in the Dust; the legacies of commodity fetishism in Sanctuary and of twentieth-century capitalism's financial turn in The Town; the pegging of self-esteem to financial acumen in the career of The Sound and the Fury's Jason Compson; the representational challenges posed by poverty and failure in Faulkner's Frenchman's Bend tales; the economics of regional readership and the Depression-era literary market; the aesthetic, monetary, and psychological rewards of writing for Hollywood; and the author's role as benefactor to an aspiring African American college student in the 1950s.The Faulkner we meet in these pages is among modern literature's most incisive and encyclopedic critics of what one contemporary theorist calls the madness of economic reason.
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Amy, Shuffelton. Collaboration. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350302778.
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Collaboration is widely celebrated as an ability schools should teach children to practice. Yet collaboration has a darker side, as its use to refer to those complicit with Nazi occupiers and with colonial oppressors of many kinds suggests. In effect, “collaboration” is a contranym, a word that can mean something or its opposite. To collaborate can mean to work with one’s friends and colleagues for the common good. It can also mean to sell out one’s friends and colleagues for the sake of personal gain. What can schools do to encourage the first and discourage the second? The loyalty and commitment to shared ends that collaboration implies may seem a positive good only insofar as those loyalties and ends are also good – but how to judge? This book asks: to whom should one be loyal and what are the limits of loyalty? What responsibility do collaborators bear for the outcomes of their joint projects? Should I make those friends and those responsibilities my own? These are questions children learn to answer in schools, through the formal and informal education that happens there. Amy Shuffelton explores those questions in the context of children’s lives in schools, including examples from films, literature, and children’s own accounts of moral dilemmas they face around questions of friendship, authority, and their own developing agency. She argues that rather than collaboration being a simple, good practice, considerable care is needed to ensure it serves individuals and their communities well.