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Dr., Anjay Kumar Mishra. "EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT OF USERS COMMITTEES FORMATION AND CONTRACTUAL PROCESS FOR PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Arts and Humanities (IJIRAH) 5, no. 1 (2020): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3612339.
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The bottom-up approach involving decentralization of planning and policy formulation has become popular in developing countries in last two decade. Local Government Agency (LGA) projects are planned and implemented by applying variable degrees of project management processes ranging from formal to informal. The overall objective of the study was to empirically assess Users Committees (UCs) formation and contractual process adopted at Bhaktapur district of Nepal. The primary and secondary data and information were collected through different tools as questionnaire survey, Informal Consultations, Key Informant's Interview, Checklist and field visits. The information collected from the UCs members through the questionnaire and the consultations. The data were also collected from the Engineers, Sub Engineers, Planning officers, Assistant planning officer, Account Officer, Accountant, Store keeper employed in the DDC and District Technical Office Bhaktapur through questionnaire. Five numbers of Informal Consultations were conducted at each sector of the project location involving UCs and beneficiaries. Furthermore, the key Informant's Interview was taken with the Local Development officer and Senior Divisional Engineer. The UCs formation in 80 percent of the construction projects was after the publication of notice by VDC or Municipality for the attendance from among the beneficiaries of the project. UCs in most of the projects of DCC was formed by the general mass meeting of local beneficiaries without political interferences or biases.
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Jae-Ho Kim and Won Jung Kim. "A Review on the empowerment of the special local administration agency to a local self-government." Local Government Law Journal 12, no. 4 (2012): 141–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21333/lglj.2012.12.4.006.
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Dinesh Chandra. "America and local self-government." Knowledgeable Research A Multidisciplinary Journal 4, no. 04 (2025): 70–76. https://doi.org/10.57067/saj9sb59.
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In Britain, local government units enjoy a lot of autonomy. This autonomy is there even though Britain has a unitary government in which the central government is all powerful and the local units can exercise only those rights which have been given to them by the centre. Apart from this, in the jurisdictions which have been given to the local units by the centre, most of the local units are free to do as they wish. Central control is required so that the local units can develop equally and their work can be uniform. Local self-governance and local governance are the same but there are some fundamental differences between them due to which both of them get separated from each other. Local governance is just an agency of the government and which is controlled by the central or state government, whereas local self-governance is complete in itself and no one has any direct control over it. For example, in India, local governance is that whose head is the District Magistrate. On the contrary, institutions like Gram Panchayats, Nagar Palikas and District Panchayats come under local self-governance. Local governance does not formulate its own policies but it only implements the policies formulated by the administration (government). On the contrary, the institutions of local self-governance make policies and also get them implemented. People working in local governance are appointed by the government while the people working in local self-governance are elected by the people. This makes it clear that local self-governance is closer to democracy. Local governance does not enjoy any kind of autonomy while local self-governance is completely autonomous. There is corruption and red-tapism in local governance while this does not happen in local self-governance.
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Dalocdoc, Peter Jr. "Benguet Kankanaey self-representations in local films in Benguet, Philippines." International journal of humanities, literature and arts 8, no. 1 (2025): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.21744/ijhla.v8n1.2367.
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This paper studies the self-representation of the Benguet Kankanaey, an Igorot subgroup that occupies the northern part of the province of Benguet, in local films. Guided by the post-colonial theory as the framework and textual analysis as a tool, this study underscores that local films serve as space for the Kankanaey to counter the alternate realities about them being reinforced in Philippine mainstream media. In particular, local films counter the misrepresentations by emphasizing agency. This paper further proposes that local films serve as a tool for resistance against misrepresentation in mainstream cinema. Containing constructive representations of their complex lives, the production of local films should be sustained.
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Farley, Bill. "Self-Report Accuracy in Local Economic Development Programs." Economic Development Quarterly 34, no. 4 (2020): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891242420937800.
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Local economic development programs are primarily aimed at increasing employment and tax revenues. Data on these programs are collected through self-report surveys conducted by the International City Managers Association and others. This study evaluates predictors of accurate self-reporting. Using agency theory as a theoretical framework, the study measures the quantity of internal reporting components and the quality of financial reporting and evaluates how these are associated with accurate self-reporting. As a control, the condition of the local economy is also evaluated. The findings indicate a statistically significant relationship between the quality of financial reporting and the strength of a local economy with accurate self-reporting. Recommendations to improve research in this area are for the Government Finance Officers Association and the International City Managers Association to work together, with the former creating standards for reporting on local economic development programs and the latter aligning its survey with these standards.
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Won Jung Kim. "Change of police administration agency resulting from the union of local-self government." Local Government Law Journal 9, no. 3 (2009): 101–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21333/lglj.2009.9.3.005.
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Bandura, Albert. "Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency." Psihologìâ ì suspìlʹstvo 90, no. 2 (2024): 63–94. https://doi.org/10.35774/pis2024.02.063.
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The article announces a theoretically complete and methodically substantiated author’s concept of personal self-efficacy, which justifies this integral psychosocial f u n c t i o n a l as one of the basic cognitive mechanisms of human developmental presence in the world. Essentially, it is said about the three-factorially formed (personality, environment, behavior) conscious ability and self-valued ability of a person to carry out behavior in accordance with a complex task or newly appeared problem situation and eventually successfully cope with life problems. The first two subsections, outlining the functional possibilities and various effects of self-perception of one’s efficacy (intensification of learning, mobilization of effort, selection of activity, increase in productivity, etc.), reveal the strategy and principle of the micro-analytical methodology, specifically offering graded self-efficacy scales as a set of tasks of varying difficulty, problematics, stress resistance, and other traits-parameters of the subject being examined, leading to a detailed assessment of the degree, strength, and total coefficient of self-efficacy compared to benchmark productivity in behavioral actions. In general, the micro-analytical procedure in the author’s experience of methodologization encompasses at least four s t e p s of psychological observation of a person’s or group’s behavior: focusing attention, accumulating all possible information, reproducing a behavior model, and sufficient motivation to intellectually process all this. In this important dimension of the researcher’s consciousness expansion, the author’s reflection rightly states: “A special merit of the micro-analytical approach is that specific indicators of self-efficacy provide refined predictions of human action and the affective reactivity of a person to leisure challenges.” Notably, in the subsequent subsections, causal, inductive-comparative, general-prognostic, self-motivational, causal-career, goal-oriented, and competent types of analysis of the perceived self-regulatory effectiveness of a person in his invariants, modalities, gender trajectories and peculiarities of personal and collective functioning are carried out. Here, an idea of the author of self-efficacy probes is original, which has received both conceptual understanding and empirical implementation in the treatment of phobias and other mental ailments. It is worth noting that such a separate probe is positioned as an effective psychodiagnostic tool, constructed in personalized locations of coping-strategy modeling, enabling the conduction of therapeutic procedures regarding the subjects’ perception of their own self-efficacy at a predefined low, medium, or high (maximum) level. It is argued that within the framework of the highly complex theoretical subjectification – dynamic interaction between self-referential thought, action, and social influence – there are: 1) four main sources of information (achievement of productivity, experience of observation of others’ behavior, verbal persuasion, and partners’ relationships, certain physiological states revealing the ability, strength, and vulnerability of the person); 2) four factors for successful treatment of phobic dysfunctions (identification of essential features, managing anxious excitement through thought, self-relaxation, purposeful mastery of fear overcoming skills); 3) four parameters for measuring self-feeling of physical efficacy (physical load, heart capacity, emotional stress, sexual activity); 4) four most important external stimuli of human functioning (interest in activity, reward, management of one’s own productivity, cultivation of personal effectiveness); 5) four classes of incentive-motivators to increase self-efficacy (goal-oriented, self-motivational, competency-conditioned, career advancement); 6) four channels for asserting the feeling of control over one’s actions, situations, and threats (emotional reactions, thought modeling, behavioral and cognitive control); 7) four key internal factors of perceived by a person one’s own inefficacy (anxiety due to the inability to influence events and social conditions, a sense of uselessness due to unproductiveness or ineffectiveness of actions, apathy and a tendency to dipression generated by stereotypical centering on negative results of activity, despondency as a result of irreparable loss or inability to achieve existentially desired, urgent); 8) several important prerequisites for weakening self-efficacy through a person’s refusal of personal control (difficult-to-perform personal investments of time, effort, resources and self-limits in his knowledge and organizational competence, misuse of proxy-control when pressure is exerted on authorities or rulers, etc.); 9) a number of factors slowing down the development of collective effectiveness (widespread dependence on the dominance of technique and technology, the pressure of bureaucratic structures, ethno-local disagreements, the militant factionalism of political organizations and professional groups, the pressure of social institutions, the dominance of the transnational companies interests, etc.); 10) four decisive internal barriers created by the perception of collective self-efficacy and perniciously demoralize the manifestation of joint efforts (personal passivity, feeling of societal helplessness, fragmented goal perception by participants, disappointment from the ineffectiveness of collective efforts and institutional means). At the same time, quite convincing are the author’s psychologically grounded empirical facts regarding the fundamental importance of self-efficacy as a complex-system cognitive mechanism-mediator (in the aggregate of sources, factors, internal conditions, traits-qualities) between the person and the environment, which causes the actual forms and models of their behavior. For example, observation, modeling, and reinforcement play a primary role in why and how people learn; the choice made by the person of activity “during the formation of their self-efficacy constructs one’s life path through selective development of competencies, interests, and partner preferences; a personality’s awareness of their self-efficacy leads to greater effort in performing complex tasks, and the higher the level of personal self-efficacy, the higher their productivity; people can acquire new behavior patterns through observation of the behavior models of those around them, which they can later replicate; high personal self-efficacy, enhancing the desire for successful outcomes, contributes self-respect, while low self-efficacy – being a source of failure expectations – reduces self-respect.
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Schram, Peter. "Managing Insurgency." Journal of Conflict Resolution 63, no. 10 (2019): 2319–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002719832963.
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Why would an insurgent group turn away foreign fighters who volunteered to fight for its cause? To explain variation in foreign fighter usage, I present a novel perspective on what foreign fighters offer to militant groups. Because foreign fighters possess a different set of preferences from local fighters, integrated teams of foreign and local fighters can self-manage and mitigate the agency problems that are ubiquitous to insurgent groups. However, to create self-managing teams, insurgent leadership must oversee the teams’ formation. When counterinsurgency pressure prevents this oversight, foreign fighters are less useful and the leadership may exclude them. This theory explains variation in foreign fighter use and agency problems within al Qaeda in Iraq (AQI; 2004 to 2010) and the Haqqani Network (2001–2018). Analysis of the targeting of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, AQI’s former leader, further supports the theory, suggesting that leadership targeting inhibited oversight and aggravated agency problems within the group.
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Barigai, Archita, and Lasya Heravdakar. "Empowering Communities through Non-Formal Education: A Case Study in Rural India." Journal of Education Review Provision 1, no. 3 (2023): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.55885/jerp.v1i3.210.
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This study investigate Empowering Communities through Non-Formal Education in rural india. The results of the research shows that alternative forms of education can greatly benefit local communities and promote individual agency. Those who took part said they learned something new, gained self-assurance and a sense of agency, grew closer to others, felt healthier and happier, and became more active in their communities.
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Lasater, Phillip M. "The Heart of Self Formation." Dead Sea Discoveries 28, no. 3 (2021): 367–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685179-bja10025.
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Abstract This article discusses the “heart” as part of the terminology for selfhood in ancient Jewish literature. After discussing a couple of criticisms of studies of the self and showing how these criticisms fail to persuade, the paper examines a range of texts in the Hebrew Bible, the Dead Sea Scrolls, and beyond for conceptions of the moral self. Special attention is given to the legal S tradition in the Scrolls as a fruitful illustration of how the self and law are recurring conceptual companions. In this legal tradition, a universalizing conception of selfhood and agency is rooted in local, practical concerns of a community.
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Mulyani, Hani Sri, Dadang Sudirno, and Abdul Hakim. "Driving Factors For Local Government Self-Financing Ability." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 748, no. 1 (2021): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/748/1/012028.
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Abstract The independence of Regional Development in regional autonomy is the ability of local governments to self-finance government activities, development, services to the community and manage regional finances, especially Regional Original Income (PAD) and Economic Growth Levels without relying mostly on assistance from the central government. This study aims to determine the effect of local taxes, levies and the level of economic growth on the independence of regional development in CIAYUMAJAKUNING regencies/cities for the period of 2011-2018, either partially or simultaneously. The variables used in this study are Local Taxes, Retribution, Economic Growth Rate and Regional Development Independent Ratio obtained from the website of the Directorate General of Fiscal Balance (DJPK) and the website of the Regency / City Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in West Java. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis method and verification. The sample selection in this study used the saturated sample method, and the samples from this study were 5 districts/cities, namely Cirebon City, Cirebon Regency, Majalengka Regency, Indramayu Regency and Kuningan Regency in the period of 2011-2018 so that 40 sample data were obtained. The analytical tool used in this research is multiple regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that partially Local Taxes have a significant effect on the Independence of Regional Development, Levies have a significant negative effect on the Independence of Regional Development and the Level of Economic Growth has no effect on the Independence of Regional Development. However, simultaneously it shows that local taxes, levies and economic growth rates have a significant effect on the independence of regional development.
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Nugus, Peter, Jean-Louis Denis, and Denis Chênevert. "Governance and coordination in health care: organic processes and structural capacity." Journal of Health Organization and Management 33, no. 7/8 (2019): 757–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-09-2019-0284.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to articulate cutting-edge conceptions of the relationship between local processes in the here-and-now, and the broader influences on those processes, that are both organic and overtly designed, and to discern the implications of this relationship for future research, policy and practice. Design/methodology/approach A focused and structured approach was taken to give effect to this purpose by reviewing the chosen articles in this collection, which from the 2018 Organizational Behavior in Health Care conference papers. Findings Research in coordination within and across health care boundaries increasingly recognizes: the multilevel influences on human action and interaction in health care delivery; the challenge of balancing individual or local agency with overt interventions; the everchanging the local circumstances of healthcare delivery; and the need to foster reflexivity, that is, self-improvement capacity, in healthcare organizations. Research limitations/implications Interventions to improve care coordination must be grounded in the reality of changing local circumstances and incentives for action from the broader environment. Originality/value This paper articulates the implied tension in health care delivery between individual and local agency, and imposed structures that may contradict, but are at the same time necessary, to foster such agency.
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Walsh, Chris, Leicha Bragg, Tracey Muir, and Greg Oates. "Unleashing Adult Learners’ Numeracy Agency Through Self-Determined Online Professional Development." International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 23, no. 3 (2022): 240–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v23i3.6046.
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Opportunities for self-determined online professional development (OPD) are emerging, but their potential for increasing adult learners’ agency is not yet fully realised. Faced with the problem of successfully designing a self-determined comprehensive evidence-based online numeracy resource for educators who are often time poor and do not engage with online learning unless they are intrinsically motivated, we engaged in design research to conceptualise the Birth to Level 10 Numeracy Guide for educators and families. The Birth to Level 10 Numeracy Guide fosters educators’ and adult learners’ numeracy capability across numeracy focus areas from birth to level 10 (16-year-olds). This extensive OPD resource incorporates consistent design elements, double-looped learning, nonlinear learning, self-reflection, and metacognition activities to foster educators’ pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) through experiential learning. With a section dedicated to families, the resource provides suggestions and advice to parents and carers on everyday, authentic activities to develop children and young people’s numeracy understandings at home and in the local community. As education systems continue to grapple with the disruption brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Birth to Level 10 Numeracy Guide is a timely, freely accessed, viable, and scalable option for providing low-cost OPD.
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Yerohina, N. "Institutional Model of Ensuring Compliance with Advertising Rules: Current State and Prospects for Improvement." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 4 (November 27, 2022): 254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2022.04.46.
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Having studied the current state and prospects for improving the institutional mechanism of the public system of ensuring compliance with advertising rules, the author draws attention to the fact that in scientific literature is prevails the view according to which the optimal institutional model for ensuring compliance with the rules for creating and placing advertising is one that includes a specialized government agency with universal competence, as well as an agency entrusted with the state protection of competition in business activities as an entity with sectoral competence. However, as the author notes, there are sufficient reasons to consider this vision premature due to the lack of substantiation of the sufficient originality, uniformity and complexity of state regulation of legal relations related to advertising for the formation of a special regulator of the advertising services market. There is no confirmation that a separate government agency, the purview of which would include state regulation and control of the advertising services market, could surpass in efficiency the specialized structural subdivisions of government authorities that under current legislation control compliance with the legislation of Ukraine on advertising, provided that techniques and procedures for fulfillment of these function is improved and the scope of their powers is adjusted.
 Reflecting on the place of local self-government bodies in the system of authorities controlling compliance with the requirements of advertising legislation, the author points out that according to the legal opinions of the Supreme Court of Ukraine on this issue, bearing in mind the fact that ensuring compliance of advertising constructions with engineering and technical requirements, sanitary norms and aesthetic standards is an element of the comprehensive development of settlements, which is an integral part of the area of responsibility of local self-government bodies, these bodies are authorized to control advertisement compliance. At the same time, it is overlooked that the provisions of the government-made rules for the placement of outdoor advertising, which impose on local self-government bodies control over their compliance, are not consistent with the list of control bodies set out in the Law of Ukraine "On Advertising" and creates an extremely high probability of duplication of the powers of a specially authorized state control agency. It is also substantiated that the local self-government bodies do not have the authority to check the compliance of advertising with content requirements for advertising, since this lies outside the boundaries of comprehensive development of settlements.
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Ylönen, Aleksi. "A scramble of external powers and local agency in the Horn of Africa." Notes Internacionals CIDOB, no. 280 (October 18, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24241/notesint.2022/280/en.
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The Horn of Africa rarely makes international media headlines. Issues such as the Tigray conflict, extreme drought conditions and the Nile waters dispute have gained occasional global attention, but consistent and contextualized coverage is often missing. Nevertheless, the Horn is a strategically important and dynamic African sub-region that has been subject to the interplay of foreign interests and local forces for centuries. Despite recent efforts to propel economic development, external players in the Horn of Africa have often engaged in rivalries that have had destabilising consequences for the wider region. Their involvement in the Horn of Africa has mostly been adventurous and self-serving without much concern for the repercussions of their actions. Meanwhile, local state and non-state actors have taken advantage of foreign interests to strengthen their position. This analysis suggests that external actors should tone down their rivalries and engage more responsibly in the Horn of Africa to encourage local players to work for mutual benefit.
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Besstremyannaya, G. E. "Informal taxes for the provision of public goods in Russian regions." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2019-1-124-134.
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The article studies the example of informal taxes in Russia — a phenomenon when citizens provide voluntary payments for financing local public goods. This so-called “self-taxation” has attracted attention in 2017 upon the adoption of the changes to the local government law, which simplified the procedure for local referendum. The article outlines institutional reasons for the emergence of this mechanism and its risks for Russia and other countries. The empirical analysis exploits the data by the Russian Statistical Agency and the Russian Treasury. Our results reveal a positive relationship between the coefficient of regional cofinancing of municipal projects and the growth in the share of voluntary payments in the non-tax revenues of local budgets. Therefore, self-taxation by citizens may be viewed as a signalling tool for enhancing the quality of local public goods.
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Reifman, Jennifer Burke, Stacy Wittstock, Tricia Serviss, Beth Pearsall, and Dan Melzer. "Constructivist Writing Placement: Repositioning Agency for More Equitable Placement through Collaborative Writing Placement Practices." College Composition & Communication 76, no. 3 (2025): 423–51. https://doi.org/10.58680/ccc2025763423.
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This article presents a constructivist writing placement framework, developed from the study of two pilot iterations of a local writing placement mechanism at a large public research university. Through preliminary analysis of data from these pilots, we present a model of constructivist writing placement and demonstrate how it helps move conceptualizations of student agency as primarily housed within student exercise of choice toward more robust understandings and facilitation of student agency via placement. Extending recent calls to reconsider methodological traditions like directed self-placement to more explicitly account for educational equity issues, our two pilot assessments illustrate how we might reposition student agency within writing placement as emergent from situational interactions with faculty and the institutions they represent, rather than merely authorized by them.
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Navaneeth, M. S. "Reservations for Women in Kerala's Local Self-government Institutions: A Mere Tokenism?" International Journal of Law Management & Humanities 3, no. 4 (2020): 1989–95. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4033490.
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<em>Kerala is one of the many states in India which allow 50 per cent reservation for women in local self-governance through the Panchayati Raj act of 2005 and hence the representation of women in the same has risen to almost 54 per cent, as of 2015. However the same is not reflected in the upper levels of governance namely state legislature and parliamentary elections despite Kerala being praised as a forerunner of women empowerment in India. The current state legislature has a mere 8 female members out of 141, which was almost the same since the first assembly which had 7 women members. Not to mention the state also send only one member to the Parliament, a numerical trend which has been consistent since 1950. Through this article, I would be examining whether women members of various local self-government bodies (Panchayat, Municipality etc.) have the same agency as that of a man and what are the factors and conditions preventing her from achieving the same.</em>
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Bin, Ahmad Rizal. "Exploring the Leadership Role of the Malaysian Department of Agriculture (DOA) in Developing Local Communities." Nuts About leadership 2, no. 2 (2025): 228–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15429717.
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This research investigates the leadership role of the Malaysian DOA in developing local communities. It focuses on the practices of agricultural agents and specialists. Despite the critical overlap between DOA and local community development, there is a lack of systematic analysis regarding the specific practices employed by DOA staff as facilitators of change in local communities. A qualitative study addressed this gap, utilizing directed content analysis of DOA success stories. Key findings reveal that DOA staff actively encourage solidarity, build community capacity, and promote agency through various practices, including needs assessment, group establishment, and self-help. The results indicate that agents contribute more significantly to community development practices than specialists, highlighting their direct involvement at the local level. This study enhances the understanding of community development processes facilitated by DOA and informs their staff of training and professional development strategies. The findings remind the Malaysian agricultural leaders of the significance of integrating community development theories into DOA practices to strengthen their impact on community engagement and resilience.
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Grijns, Mies. "Child Marriage in Sukabumi West Java: Self and Agency of Girls." Jurnal Perempuan 21, no. 1 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34309/jp.v21i1.12.
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What makes child marriage an option for girls and their relatives in this present time? How and why does it happen in an average village in Sukabumi, West Java? Kabupaten Sukabumi is one of the districts in West Java that has a high number of child marriages, especially in the villages in the periphery. The selected research village is not a child marriage hot-spot compared to provincial standards. With an incidence2 of 32 % for marriage under 18 of ever married women between 20-24 it is slightly higher than the provincial average of 30.7%3 . Compared to the Indonesian average of 17% for marriage under 18 it is much higher4 . The choice to do research in one village enables us to look in detail at different aspects of child marriage and intersectionality in the same setting. The research is based on 28 qualitative in-depth case-studies, combined with a census of all households with 20-24-year-old male and female members and supporting interviews and observations. Fieldwork is about to be finalised, other parts of the research are still ongoing. Sketches of six cases – five girls and one boy – show the diversity and complexity of child marriage. The article discusses the potential agency of young people vis-a-vis their parents/elders, from self-realised marriage to forced marriage. It confirms the role of common causes like the lack of control of girls’s sexuality and the fear of zina, and poor access to education and health when it comes to pregnancies, but questions the role of poverty as a direct reason of child marriage. Every case seems to be a particular combination of causes based on morality and religion, the composition of households, parental care and upbringing, the access girls have to formal and religious education, including sexual education, and to the local labour market. Gender and age are crosscutting hierarchies with girls at the most powerless side of the equation.
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Koo, Lina Shinhwa. "Export Paintings as Art and Agency." Athanor 39 (November 22, 2022): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.33009/fsu_athanor131145.
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Export paintings that depict local images of one’s country with the purpose of being sold to foreign customers emerged in China and Korea in the late eighteenth and late nineteenth centuries, respectively, when the countries opened their ports to Europe and America. Given this historical context, the conventional understanding of export paintings of the two countries has been twofold at large: 1) commodities that reflect Euro-American customers’ tastes for exotic imageries and 2) ethnographic resources that exhibit unique characteristics of each country’s culture. While these interpretations have a valid ground, they often undermine the artistic qualities of the painting genre, separating it from the existing painting traditions. To broaden this perspective, my paper aims to suggest plural ways of discerning export paintings through cross-cultural comparisons. In doing so, this study highlights the integral roles of export painters in responding to changing social, political, and economic circumstances, posing a critical question for investigation: whether export paintings are images of self-objectification with the instillation of Orientalist ideologies or creative outcomes with an artistic agency. While these two stances are not mutually exclusive nor contradictory to each other, this core question allows one to challenge the linear understanding of the history of “non-western” art.
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Moore, Crystal Dea, and David Karp. "The Alternative to CSWE's Traditional Reaffirmation Process: One Small BSW Program's Experience." Journal of Baccalaureate Social Work 13, no. 2 (2008): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18084/basw.13.2.n6m4160gj31111h5.
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The Council on Social Work Education's Commission on Accreditation approved a policy in 2004 that allows well-established social work programs the option to complete an alternative to the traditional self-study process. This alternative consists of the completion of a reaffirmation compliance audit and special project that is significant to social work or the program's specific goals and objectives. This article describes how one small BSW program successfully implemented the alternative process by completing a modified self-study, a new site visit protocol, and a threephased project including a needs assessment, a seminar on conducting agency evaluations, and a collaboration with a local mentoring agency. Outcomes for community stakeholders, faculty, and students were positive; although requiring extensive resources, the alternative process was worthwhile. Based on their experience, the authors share suggestions for programs considering this option.
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Berdinazarov, Zafar. "FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF USING THE KPI SYSTEM IN THE ACTIVITIES OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT BODIES." Journal of Science and Innovative Development 3, no. 6 (2020): 26–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36522/2181-9637-2020-6-3.
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The study presents proposals and recommendations for the formation, development and use of criteria and methods for assessing the activities of local government bodies in Uzbekistan according to the system of key performance indicators (KPIs) based on international best practices. The study was carried out within the framework of a joint project of the Public Services Agency under the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Uzbekistan, UNDP and the European Union "Improving the provision of public services and improving local self-government in rural areas of Uzbekistan."
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Zakalenko, O. V., and A. U. Osadchyi. "COMPETITIVE PROCEDURE FOR THE ACQUISITION OF A VACANT POSITION OF A LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICER: THEORETICAL ANALYSIS AND UPDATE OF THE LEGAL REGULATION." Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu. Serìâ: Pravo 14, no. 27 (2024): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-3047-2023-14-27-42-51.
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The article examines the competitive procedure in local self-government bodies as the main way of filling vacant positions of local self-government employees, defines its concept, content and legal principles. The normative acts establishing the basis of the competition for filling the vacant position of a local self-government employee were analyzed, in particular, the provisions of the Law of Ukraine «On Service in Local Self-Government Bodies» dated 05.02.2023. However, the provisions of this Law in this part need to be specified at the sub-legislative level. therefore, the procedural aspects of the organization of the competition should be specified in the Standard procedure for conducting a competition for local self-government employees, which must be approved by the central executive body, which ensures the formation of state policy in the field of service in local self-government bodies (National Agency of Ukraine on Civil Service Issues). It was concluded that the competitive procedure for filling a vacant position of a local self-government employee is a type of intra-organizational administrative procedures due to the fact that they are carried out within the bodies themselves or their system and are aimed at ensuring the functioning of the body or system of public administration bodies. The main tasks of this competitive procedure are highlighted, in particular, ensuring the practical implementation of the right to equal access to service in local self-government bodies and identifying persons who are able to professionally perform the duties of a local self-government employee. It was determined that the competitive procedure, like any administrative procedure, includes a clearly defined sequence of procedural actions that ensure a logical order of selection for the position of a local self-government employee. The structure of the tender procedure has been analyzed, which gives grounds for distinguishing the following stages: 1) preparation of the tender, 2) selection of a candidate for the vacant position of a local self-government employee, 3) decision-making based on the results of the competitive. Key words: public service, service in local self-government bodies, administrative procedures, competitive procedure, competitive procedure stages, competition, competitive commission, vacant position.
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Kelinsky-Jones, Lia, and Kim Niewolny. "Whose Journey to Self-Reliance? Participation in the Journey to Self-Reliance and the Land-Grant Imaginary." Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 28, no. 4 (2021): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2021.28407.
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Land-grant university and civil society development actors have long partnered with local and global communities to eliminate food insecurity. Despite the common aim of addressing food insecurity as a wicked problem, their approaches and designs differ in scope and scale. Similarly, levels of local stakeholder participation in agricultural development historically vary reflecting the complexity in relinquishing hierarchal decision-making power. In this pilot study, we investigated how participation is framed within the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) policy, “The Journey to Self-Reliance”. Subsequently, we sought to understand the implications of this framing on land-grant universities’ agricultural development aims in addressing global food security. We drew upon Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis and Pretty’s typology of participation in sustainable agriculture to analyze the inaugural speech launching the policy framework by the former USAID administrator. We also held two focus groups with development actors at two land-grant universities. Findings indicate local participation of governments, citizens, and civil society to be important. However, governmental participation may be contingent on accountability to both USAID and the private sector indicating an increased commitment to neoliberal ideology. The focus group themes identify self- reliance and its journey as prescriptive and at times, neocolonial, raising questions about participatory possibilities. The final theme illustrates land-grant praxis from participants as they advance visions for centering local partner needs through more equitable decision-making and resource sharing. We conclude with considerations for future research to more deeply understand the implications of “The Journey to Self-Reliance” policy through a CDA lens Keywords: Agro-ecology, Extension, Theory and Practice, Qualitative Research, Community Development
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Sukhovych, I. "Tourism policy of the Republic of Poland level of the territorial self-government." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography 2, no. 43 (2013): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2013.43.1682.
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The article deals with the place and role of the territorial self-government sector in the process of tourism development, the influence of tourism on the social and economic development of a region as well as the role of strategic regional planning in the sphere of tourism development. The article also analyzes the development of tourism on the level of gmina self-government which is the lowest and the most important level of self-government in Poland, the tasks of gminas in the tourism sphere as well as the role of local authorities in the process of tourism promotion. The work highlights an institutional system of tourism development support in Poland on regional level, the role of local self-government bodies in financing infrastructure that is need for tourism development, the role of regional tourist agencies in promoting and creating tourist attractions in a region, as well as the tourism promotion system at the gmina self-government territorial level. Key words: Poland, tourism, regional policy, territorial self-government, gmina, development strategy, tourism promotion, tourist agency, tourism policy, social and economic development, dimensional policy.
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Bateman, Milford. "Neoliberalismo local fallido en Latinoamérica: el caso de la red Agencia de Desarrollo Económico Local (ADEL) del PNUD." Estudios Críticos del Desarrollo 5, no. 8 (2015): 107–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35533/ecd.0508.mb.
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This article examines the Local Economic Development Agency (LEDA) «new paradigm» model of institutional support for local economic development (LED), a model of led that emerged in the 1990’s as the neoliberal political project began its global ascendancy. The paper draws upon rich primary data from Latin America to demonstrate that the LEDA model has been almost entirely ineffective. Notwithstanding, UNDP has continued to support the leda model because it reflects core neoliberal imperatives – that all development institutions must be (re) structured as private sector-led and financially self-sustainable. In addition, a constituency of support emerged, composed of senior UNDP career officials and external consultants, that derived specific career and financial benefits from the continued operation of the leda model, and this constituency was able to conceal the ineffectiveness of the LEDA model. The article thus demonstrates that ineffective international development policies may be kept alive, Zombie-fashion, so long as they help to promote core neoliberal ideological objectives.
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Park, Chan Su. "A Study on the Improvement of Support Policies for the Activation of Local Bookstores." Korean Publishing Science Society 111 (June 30, 2023): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21732/skps.2023.111.5.
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The decline in the population of the region, the growth of online bookstores, the crisis of books due to changes in the social environment such as digitization, and the risk of extinction of local bookstores are accelerating. In order to respond to this, it is urgent to make a physical foundation for local bookstores to function as cultural spaces beyond book sales. It is also important to establish a cooperative system between the government, local governments, and private organizations related to bookstore support policies. The purpose of this study is to examine the local bookstore support policy of the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism and the Korea Publishers & Culture Industry Promotion Agency and the local bookstore support policy supported by local governments and private organizations and to find out what should be discussed as improvement measures for the activation of local bookstores in the future. In order to revitalize local bookstores, the result was derived that the book experience space should be advanced and cultural functions should be expanded, and the following suggestions were made. First, the organization needs to be reorganized by the Korea Publication and Culture Industry Promotion Agency. Second, conducting a comprehensive survey on the actual conditions of local bookstores based on the 「Publication Culture Industry Promotion Act」. Third, solving the problem of ghost bookstores. Fourth, establishing a foundation for self-reliance of local bookstores through cooperation with local governments. Fifth, activation of online purchase and ordering of publications.
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Park, Seong Hie. "Proposal for a Governmental Support System for Children Excluded from Institutional Care through Comparative Analysis between South Korea and Germany." Educational Research Institute of Kongju National University 37, no. 2 (2023): 45–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31366/jer.2023.37.2.45.
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On March 22, 2016 the South Korean Child Welfare Act has been amended. Based on this, the responsibility of local governments, i.e., mayor/provincial governors and district leaders, has been specified in terms of institutional care for the children excluded from the institutional care. In addition, on July 13, 2021, the South Korean government announced a 'measure to strengthen support for children who are dependent on institutional protection (youths preparing for self-reliance)', which states that children who use institutional facilities can stay there until the age of 24 if wanted. Thus, the responsibility of local governments in establishing a self-reliance support system and the national responsibility for children being excluded from institutional care are increasing. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to present national responsibility for supporting self-reliance and the self-reliance support system of local governments for the children. The research topics are to examine the basic viewpoint of such support system regarding local governments in Germany and to suggest the principles and directions of the self-reliance support system for the children excluded from institutional care. The research method was to compare and analyze the German case of rebuilding the state responsibility and the self-reliance support system for children being terminated from institutional care through the 68 student protests.
 In conclusion, this research suggests to practice the state's accountability for self-reliance support for children in South Korea, to establish an agency dedicated to local governments and to grant strong authority, and to accompany experts; and offer follow-up care for the daily needs and empower these children through public-private cooperation of local governments.
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Palko, Olena, Raul Cârstocea, and Samuel Foster. "Minorities at War, Part 2: Minority Agency in Times of Conflict." Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe 23, no. 3 (2024): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.53779/oprc1312.
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This introduction provides an overview of the second part of thespecial issue titled “Minorities at War. Minority Agency in Timesof Conflict.” The articles in this issue underscore the role ofminority agency during times of conflict at the local, national, andregional levels. It examines how minorities self-organize inresponse to crises, the role of civic organizations and diasporas inproviding aid during wartime, and the impact of war on the creationand evolution of minority identities. Additionally, it explores theliving memories of past traumas among survivors and theirdescendants. The articles featured in this issue are based oncontributions originally presented at the BASEES Study Group forMinority History’s second official biennial symposium, “Minoritiesat War from Napoleon to Putin,” held at the New Europe College inBucharest, Romania, from 11-12 May 2023.
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Odil, Jones U. "INDIGENOUS AGENTS AND THE SCHOOL APOSTOLATE IN UKWUANILAND, 1841–1941." Oral History Journal of South Africa 3, no. 2 (2016): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2309-5792/339.
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In the 19th century, colonial educational policy reflected the hesitant approach of Britain to a field recognised in those days as the reserve of religious bodies, and for many years the missionary societies had the field of education to themselves. Education in C.M.S. mission schools in Nigeria received no aids in grants from the colonial government. This article is a historical reconstruction, which brings to light the well-articulated contributions of local people in their attempt to establish and fund schools using indigenous initiatives, personnel and resources. Resting on the self-propagating, self-supporting and self-governing policy of Henry Venn, the study reveals that, although the establishment of schools in Ukwuaniland 1841–1894 was originally the outcome of the expression of local needs, efforts and ideas, the Anglican churches there saw in them an agency for promoting evangelism. This article, an important contribution in the area of the history of religion and education, recommends that local initiatives, needs and aspirations should be taken into consideration in the formulation of education policy in Nigeria.
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Joo, Susanna, Bomi Choi, Hayoung Park, Changmin Lee, Yoon-Myung Kim, and Hyoun K. Kim. "SERIAL MEDIATION BY DIGITAL ASSISTANCE, INTERNET SELF-EFFICACY, DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP, AND UNMET NEEDS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (2022): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2191.
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Abstract Although many social services are getting digitalized with the rapidly growing digital technology, there is little information available on the specific process of meeting personal needs in digital aging contexts. The present study examined the serial mediation model from digital assistant to unmet needs via internet self-efficacy and digital citizenship. An online survey was used to collect data in December 2021, and the sample included 223 older Korean adults aged 65 and above (M=68.79, SD=4.18, range=65-84) who owned at least one digital device. Unmet needs, the dependent variable, was the number of problems (e.g., housing, physical functioning) that participants responded to as ‘unmet.’ The independent variable was digital assistance, meaning getting help from friends or others when having problems with the digital device. The first mediator was internet self-efficacy, and the second mediator was five subtypes of digital citizenship (internet political activism, technical skills, local/global awareness, critical perspective, and networking agency). Covariates were gender, age, education, and income. SPSS Process Macro was utilized for serial mediation analysis. The result showed that only a serial mediation path from digital assistance to unmet needs via internet self-efficacy and internet political activism was significant. Additionally, a simple mediation path from digital assistance to unmet needs via internet political activism was significant. Technical skills, local/global awareness, critical perspective, and networking agency did not reveal significant mediational paths. Findings imply providing digital assistance system may be useful to reduce unmet needs among older adults by enhancing self-efficacy and political participation in the current digitalized world.
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Oleas-Mogollón, Isabel. "Humility and Influence." Religion and the Arts 25, no. 1-2 (2021): 35–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685292-02501002.
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Abstract In June 1773 Doña Luisa García de Medina filed a lawsuit against the Spanish colonial government demanding the return of her generous donation to the confraternity of Saint Rosalia in Cuenca (Audiencia of Quito). This dispute provides a clear testimony of the influence of religious devotion and the power of female self-fashioning and agency. Doña Luisa’s piety, her promotion of the cult of Saint Rosalia, and her substantial donation allowed her to establish associations with leading local institutions and shape Cuenca’s sacred landscape and its inhabitants’ religious experience. Doña Luisa’s control of the processional route also identified her oratory as a space for spiritual introspection, self-representation, and social exchange. This article illustrates the importance of humility in the advancement of female agency in the colonial period. This research also proves that the study of religious confraternities supports a more inclusive construction of Spanish American history and shows the impact of female patronage in the civic space.
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Reeder, Julie Ann. "Oregon WIC Program at 30." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 2, SI (2004): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v2isi.908.
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The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) has evolved from a commodity supplemental food program to a primary source of nutrition education, breastfeeding promotion and support, and referrals for pregnant women and families with young children. With an increased emphasis on addressing complex health issue such as obesity, the State of Oregon WIC program sought better understand the personal and professional backgrounds of those delivering WIC services. The goal of this article is to describe 1) who is delivering nutrition education and determining nutritional risk in the Oregon WIC program, 2) what training they have received, and 3) what additional training they would like to receive. Data were gathered through self-administered questionnaires from three hundred and five local agency WIC staff representing the 34 local WIC agencies in Oregon. Only one-third of local agency staff had earned a Bachelor’s degree or higher and the amount of additional training received varied considerably. While the majority of staff felt they had received sufficient training to do their jobs, when asked specifically about completion of required training modules a number of gaps were evident. Respondents expressed interest in expanding training methods beyond written modules and requested training materials in languages other than English. In addition, a lack of continuing education opportunities for paraprofessional staff was noted. An expansion of methods for local agency staff to achieve desired competencies for their position is needed. Communication with decision makers about the importance of supporting training opportunities, particularly for paraprofessional is vital.
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Carlile, Anna. "Finding Space for Agency in Permanent Exclusion from School." Power and Education 1, no. 3 (2009): 259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/power.2009.1.3.259.
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This article aims to examine the experiences of pupils and professionals who are affected by permanent exclusion (what used to be called being expelled) from school. An ethnographic study conducted during the author's employment as a Pupil Support Officer within secondary schools and the children's services department of an urban local authority in England explores the idea that professionals may be forced to make inequitable decisions about including or excluding pupils in the face of powerful competition between the politically unchallengeable concepts of tolerance, inclusivity, attainment, and choice. The article argues that the tensions of multi-agency working are focused within what will be described as the contested space of the young person's ‘extended body’. However, whilst the contested nature of this space renders it vulnerable to negative description and to the biased judgements of authoritarian power, it also offers itself as a space for emancipatory self description by the young person and for the expression of agency on the part of those professionals working for social justice.
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Thomas, Catherine Cole, and Hazel Rose Markus. "Enculturating the Science of International Development: Beyond the WEIRD Independent Paradigm." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 54, no. 2 (2023): 195–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220221221128211.
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Initiatives in international development and behavioral science rely predominantly on the independent models of the self and agency that are prevalent in individualist Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) cultural contexts. Programs that are guided by these independent models, explicitly or implicitly, as the default way of being and that neglect interdependent models can reduce the potential of development initiatives to advance poverty reduction and well-being in two ways. First, programs based solely on independent models of agency—centered on personal goals and values; self-advancement and self-expression; and autonomy—can limit the scope and effectiveness of the development science toolkit. Second, programs that are not responsive to interdependent ways of being—centered on relational goals and values; responsiveness to social norms, roles, and obligations; and social coordination—that are common in many Global South sociocultural contexts can be met with resistance or backlash. We propose that taking account of interdependent psychosocial tendencies is a promising way to diversify the behavioral science toolkit and to build a more comprehensive science of human behavior. Furthermore, culturally responsive program designs have the potential both to promote decolonized, inclusive approaches that preserve rather than override local ways of being and to enable diverse trajectories of societal development to flourish. We integrate experimental and descriptive research from psychology, economics, education, and global health to suggest how models of interdependent agency can be productively integrated into development program designs to advance quality of life in locally resonant ways.
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Gaia, Silvia, and Michael John Jones. "Biodiversity reporting for governmental organisations." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 33, no. 1 (2019): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-05-2018-3472.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the current nature and content of biodiversity reporting practices adopted by English local councils. By adopting a multi-theoretical framework that relies on economic and social theories such as agency, stakeholder, legitimacy and institutional theories, this study also aims to investigate the factors that explain the extent of biodiversity disclosure provided by local councils. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a self-constructed disclosure index to analyse the biodiversity-related information published in the official websites of 351 English local councils. A multivariate analysis was conducted to analyse the association between local councils’ characteristics and biodiversity disclosure. Findings This study shows that the information disclosed on local biodiversity is limited and does not allow the interested stakeholders to get a comprehensive picture of the current status of local biodiversity. It also provides evidence that the level of biodiversity disclosure is significantly associated with the level of local council’s population, the presence of councillors from environmentally oriented parties and environmental non-governmental organisations operating in the local council area, poor biodiversity management practices and local councils’ visibility. Originality/value This study is one of the few accounting studies that provides a comprehensive analysis of biodiversity disclosure by analysing its nature and content and investigating the factors associated with such disclosure. It extends agency, stakeholder, institutional and legitimacy theories, by showing that local councils use voluntary disclosures to satisfy the informational needs of the main stakeholders and to assure that their strategies and practices conform to the values and expectations of the community they represent.
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SMYTH, JAMES, and DOUGLAS ROBERTSON. "Local elites and social control: building council houses in Stirling between the wars." Urban History 40, no. 2 (2013): 336–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926813000072.
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ABSTRACT:This article examines the role played by local councillors in constructing new housing in Scotland during the inter-war period. Rather than view local authorities as simply the objective agency of central government's ambitions to construct council houses, we argue that the self-interest and motivations of councillors have to be recognized as significant factors in this process. It is argued also that the concerns of private landlords were neither ignored nor sacrificed in the rush to build new housing. Rather, given that councils remained dominated by local business men, many of whom were private landlords, councillors acted in ways to protect their own material and class interests. In so doing, they consciously, if implicitly, shaped the social geography of twentieth-century Scotland.
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Long, Chao. "Writing the Ethnic Self in Hong Kong." Archiv orientální 92, no. 1 (2024): 129–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47979/aror.j.92.1.129-150.
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In the last decade, Hong Kong has witnessed a surge of social movements that has directed attention to the increasing ideological conflict between the city and mainland China. Underlying the political unrest is, arguably, a dichotomy of perceived values embodied in terms such as culture, identity, language and community building. This has led to Hong Kong being primarily seen as a subaltern agent fighting against its neo-colonial „master“—mainland China—in an essentializing political discourse popular among many youths and middle-class professions within the city. This paper attempts to apply a literary lens to the political situation, thereby re-contextualizing Hong Kong‘s coloniality within a power structure informed by Chinese nationalism, Western imperialism, and localism. This act dismantles the reductive Hong Kong–China dichotomy and calls for a more complicated view of contemporary Hong Kong‘s relationship with mainland China. Centering on two female characters with bifurcated ethnic roots in the novel The Unwalled City (2001) by Hong Kong native Anglophonewriter Xu Xi, this paper highlights how ethnicity and gender intersect to shape the local subject. The literary analysis focuses on how language is utilized to articulate the two female characters’ dilemmas, which themselves shed light on the broader ethnic and gender hierarchies that are heavily present in the local Chinese community. In doing so, the paper seeks to reveal the peculiar cultural dynamics at play underneath the façade of Hong Kong’s cosmopolitan constitution. Ultimately, the paper aims to demonstrate the affective and subversive agency of local Anglophone literature in offering an alternative set of critical reflections on how Hong Kong can pursue liberal values via an advancement of culturally diverse demographics.
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Jobe, K., and C. J. K. Williams. "Flexible Design and Construction Strategies for Self-Help Housing in Botswana." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 10, no. 1 (2016): 381–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801610010381.
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In an effort to coordinate the housing schemes from different departments, Government of the Republic of Botswana took a decision to establish Single Housing Authority (SiHA) through a Presidential Cabinet Directive CAB20 (B) 2010 in July 2010. Previously, these schemes were designed and built by the local councils, with the help of the local builders and house owners. A review of the architect designed and contractor-led housing projects under this scheme, demonstrate the shortcomings of a standardized housing design approach and the need to develop a flexible design strategies that can respond to the inevitable changes associated with low-income housing. A qualitative case study research of Self-Help Housing Agency (SHHA)’s built houses was conducted in Mochudi (Botswana) to explore potential strategies of improving the current self-help housing design processes. Using case study examples from Mochudi, a systematic and flexible design framework is suggested as an economically viable approach to improve the quality of self-help housing design processes that reduce costly changes which are associated with the current government-funded housing schemes.
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Nelson, Sarah-Mae, Greg Ira, and Adina M. Merenlender. "Adult Climate Change Education Advances Learning, Self-Efficacy, and Agency for Community-Scale Stewardship." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (2022): 1804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031804.
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Education per se does not necessarily foster positive environmental behaviors; rather, a complex assemblage of influences including social integration, discovering shared values, strengthening environmental identity, self-efficacy, and agency is needed to foster environmental stewardship. We examine the participant outcomes from a new adult climate education and service course, which is delivered by local organizations. The UC Climate Stewards certification course includes relationship building, social-emotional learning, climate science, climate communication, monitoring resilience, and how to take community-scale action. Based on results from ~154 participants, we observed significant improvement in self-efficacy, with confidence to help protect communities increasing from x¯ = 3.59 (3 is neutral) to x¯ 4.32 (4 is agree) (p < 0.00). The importance of doing something or taking action about climate change appears to be a value that was strongly held prior to taking the course and aligns with motivations for becoming a certified Climate Steward; hence, it only slightly increased from (x¯ = 4.25) to (x¯ = 4.57) (p < 0.00). Climate Stewards’ feeling of competency in talking about the subject increased (from x¯ 3.05 before to x¯ = 4.24 after, p < 0.00, N = 111). Finally, we examine the community-scale stewardship taken by the Climate Steward volunteers, from information provided through self-reporting, and explore additional approaches to researching pathways from education to agency.
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Hölzl, Richard. "Educating Missions. Teachers and Catechists in Southern Tanganyika, 1890s and 1940s." Itinerario 40, no. 3 (2016): 405–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115316000632.
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This article concentrates on Catholic mission teachers in Southern Tanzania from the 1890s to the 1940s, their role and agency in founding and developing the early education system of Tanzania. African mission teachers are an underrated group of actors in colonial settings. Being placed between colonized and colonizers, between conversion and civilising mission, between colonial rule and African demands for emancipation, between church and government and at the heart of local society, their agency was crucial to forming African Christianity, to social change and to a newly emerging class of educated Africans. This liminal position also rendered them almost invisible for historiography, since the colonial archive rarely gave credit to their vital role and European missionary propaganda tended to present them as examples of successful mission work, rather than as self-reliant missionary activists. The article circumscribes the framework of colonial education policies and missionary strategies, it recovers the teachers’ active role in the colonial education system as well as in missionary evangelization. Finally, it contrasts teachers’ self-representation with the official image conveyed in missionary media.
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Tanasescu, Raluca Andreia. "A micro-centric network. Post-communist Romanian mainstream and indie publishers of U.S. and Canadian contemporary poetry in translation." Swedish Journal of Romanian Studies 3, no. 1 (2020): 130–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35824/sjrs.v3i1.20424.
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This essay examines the corpus of contemporary American and Canadian poetry translated into Romanian in stand-alone volumes between 1990 and 2017 and argues that translators had a deciding impact on the selection of authors, as well as on the configuration of the overall translation network. Romanian poet-translators engaged in an outward cultural movement that galvanized both their own writing and the national literature in general. In doing so, they developed various types of agency covering a wide range of translating patters, from no agency at all to full self-reliance, and a poetics of fecundity that testifies to their engagement with global events and with the microcosm of local literature. Engendered by an assumed material precariousness and by an overt desire for permanent change and synchronous alignment with world literature, these practices should be seen from a micro-centric perspective, that is, paramount in establishing positive relationships with U.S. and Canadian poetries and energizing the local literary scene, rather than simply reflective of a ‘minor’ mode of existence in the global and geopolitical arenas.
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Herfina, Melli. "Review of The Implementations of Restaurant Tax Collection and Calculation at the Regional Revenue Agency of Padang City (BAPENDA Kota Padang)." Dinasti International Journal of Economics, Finance & Accounting 2, no. 6 (2022): 601–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.38035/dijefa.v2i6.1249.
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The purpose of this study is to find out what system is used to implement restaurant tax collection and the calculations carried out by the Regional Revenue Agency of Padang City so that knowing the system applied will make it easier to increase local revenue.To obtain data and information, in this study adapted to the data collection method, the authors used interviews and observations. Primary data, the authors obtained from respondents, namely from employees of the Regional Revenue Agency of Padang City, while secondary data the authors obtained from the library by looking for books related to taxation.Our tax law adheres to self-assessment where taxpayers are given the trust to calculate and apply the amount of income owed and then report it to the tax counseling and consulting office after the tax year ends.
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El-Amady, M. Rawa, and Amru Mahalli. "Cultural Brokerage in Driving Mangrove Conservation for Climate Mitigation, Indonesia." Journal of Lifestyle and SDGs Review 5, no. 2 (2025): e03901. https://doi.org/10.47172/2965-730x.sdgsreview.v5.n02.pe03901.
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Objective: To identify the agency of cultural brokers work to build mutual awareness, facilitate cross-cultural communication, and create a new culture for cilmate mtigstion. Theoretical Framework: The main teory is Ortner (2001) as an effort to understand the agency of cultural brokers to mobilize groups for self-managed conservation by local communities, how to understanding the influence of individuals within social and cultural contexts to build new values through mangrove conservation. Method: This research is qualitative, employing a phenomenological approach, with data collected over the years 2021 and 2023 through immersion in the community, conducting observations, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. Data were analyzed descriptively based on thematic analysis. Results and Discussion: The cultural brokers play a vital role in independently driving mangrove conservation by building agency, facilitating communication, education, and mentoring, leading to the establishment of mangrove ecotourism.The communication conducted by cultural brokers involves not only two parties but multiple stakeholders, as this study shows cultural brokers connecting the interests of local communities with those of companies and international climate regimes. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are the development of the cultural broker concept, which not only brings together two major cultures, the concept of cultural brokers also plays a role in building the agency construction of the society that will be developed with new values in a new culture. Originality/Value: This research contributes academically to the development of the concept of cultural brokers and practically serves as a reference for conservation planning.
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Youlla, Donna, Lathifah Khairani, and Ellyta Ellyta. "The Assistance For Composing House Management in Khajuma Community Self-Subsistent Agency Siantan Hilir Sub District." Mattawang: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 3, no. 2 (2022): 232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35877/454ri.mattawang1027.
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The Community Self-Subsistent Agency (BKM) is one of the village-level social institutions established by the government. The function of BKM is to help the poor in dealing with the problem of poverty through empowerment programs from the government, so that they are able to carry out activities to meet their daily needs. This Community Service (PKM) activity is in collaboration with BKM Khajuma which is located on Jalan Khatulistiwa, Siantan Hilir Village. The objectives of this activity are: 1) to utilize organic waste from plant residues that exist among community, 2) to conduct training on making Local Micro Organisms (MOL), 3) to manage existing compost houses so that they become better. The implementation of this service is focused on several activities which include organic waste management such as sorting organic and inorganic waste, demonstrations of making Local Micro Organisms (MOL) from fruit and vegetable waste, as well as assistance in managing the compost house that was just built in the BKM area. While the specific target to be achieved is that there will be an increase in the knowledge and skills of the community, especially with the compost house in their midst.
 Abstrak
 Badan Keswadyaan Masyarakat (BKM) merupakan salah satu lembaga kemasyarakatan tingkat Kelurahan yang dibentuk oleh pemerintah. Fungsi BKM yaitu untuk membantu masyarakat miskin dalam menghadapi masalah kemiskinan melalui program pemberdayaan dari pemerintah, agar mereka mampu melakukan aktifitas untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya. Kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) ini bekerjasama dengan BKM Khajuma yang bertempat di Jalan Khatulistiwa, Kelurahan Siantan Hilir. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah : : 1) untuk memanfaatkan sampah organik sisa tanaman yang ada di masyarakat, 2) untuk melakukan pelatihan pembuatan Mikro Organisme Lokal (MOL), 3) untuk mengelola Rumah Kompos yang telah ada sehingga menjadi lebih baik. Pelaksanaan pengabdian ini dititikberatkan pada beberapa kegiatan yang meliputi pengelolaan sampah organik seperti pemilahan sampah yang organik dan yang anorganik, demonstrasi pembuatan Mikro Organisme Lokal (MOL) dari bahan sisa buah-buahan dan sayuran, serta pendampingan pengelolaan rumah kompos yang baru saja dibangun di wilayah BKM Khajuma ini. Sedangkan target khusus yang ingin dicapai yaitu adanya peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat khususnya dengan adanya Rumah Kompos di tengah-tengah mereka.
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Margaretha Br Barus, Cecilia, Harmein Nasution, and Yeni Absah. "Quality of Work-Life (QWL) Expected by Local Government Employees in the Regional Development Planning Agency (BAPPEDA) of Karo Regency." International Journal of Research and Review 11, no. 7 (2024): 398–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20240742.
Full textAbstract:
When the Quality of Work Life (QWL) required by human resources is by the QWL offered by the organization, a good relationship will be formed between the individual and the organization which is manifested in optimal performance, job satisfaction, employee engagement, etc. Many employees, especially local government employees, complain about low salaries, lack of work professionalism, career opportunities, poor working conditions, bad work culture and many other problems. This research was conducted to describe the QWL they currently get as local government employees, especially at BAPPEDA Karo Regency as empirical evidence of the question of why until now they remain as employees in local government and what factors can be managed to support the success of the transformation process in BAPPEDA Karo Regency. By conducting tests and interviews on a sample of 38 employees of BAPPEDA Karo Regency, 7 QWL factors were obtained, namely, the Assessment, Recognition and Rewards Factors, which are related to the performance appraisal system, the rewards obtained for the given performance; Factors of Self-Development and Growth and Social Relevance related to the opportunities for employees to develop and actualize themselves; Factors of Social Relations and Work Autonomy, related to relations between employees; Life Balance Factor, which is related to the balance between work time and personal life; Psychological security factor, related to stable income, old age security, and employment status; Factor of Attention to Workers' Rights and Facilities; Work Location Factors. Keywords: QWL, Government Employee, Rewards, Self-Development, Social Relation
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Sadock, Musa. "People’s Power: Local Agency among HIV AND AIDS Marginalized Groups in Mbozi District, Tanzania, 1980s-2017." Tanzania Zamani: A Journal of Historical Research and Writing 12, no. 1 (2019): 71–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.56279/tza20211213.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines the Mbozi society`s responses to the plight of marginal groups attributed to HIV/AIDS for the past three decades. The groups in question include people suffering from and or living with HIV/AIDS, AIDS related widows, AIDS orphans, and the elderly caring AIDS orphans. Rather than focusing synchronically on the responses from the international community, government and Non-governmental organizations as has been done by many studies, this study diachronically concentrates on the ordinary people`s responses at the grass-roots level. It argues that to cope with their plight, marginal groups associated with HIV/AIDS engage in different livelihood strategies including wage-labour, begging, sex work, petty trade, income generating groups, self-help groups, farming as well as enlisting family and neighbourhood support. By drawing on documents and interviews with people at the grass-roots level, this study not only brings to the fore the voices of the marginalized and people`s agency and resilience in the context of HIV/AIDS pandemic but it also adds to the growing body of knowledge on social exclusion in Tanzania in particular and Africa as a whole.
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Odumosu-Ayanu, Ibironke T. "Local Communities, Indigenous Peoples, and Reform/Redefinition of International Investment Law." Journal of World Investment & Trade 24, no. 4-5 (2023): 792–837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119000-12340311.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Calls to rethink international investment law (IIL) are not new. Yet, current reform efforts have been largely moderate undertakings that do not challenge the underlying rationale and structure of IIL, which have significant implications for local communities and Indigenous peoples. This article argues that while some ongoing reforms may mitigate some challenges of IIL, they do not challenge IIL’s underlying rationale and structure which form the basis for most of the system’s legitimacy concerns. To effectively address IIL’s legitimacy concerns, it must move from moderate reform to perspectives that can foster redefinition of the system, and this requires a re-turn to IIL’s encounters with local communities and Indigenous peoples. The article presents and elucidates three principles that engage the transformative potential of the positions of local communities and Indigenous peoples and support redefinition of IIL – self-determination and agency, democratization, and a reconstructed investment law consciousness.
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Babu, Gloria M., and Rajeev Kumaramkandath. "Reconceptualizing Empowerment and Autonomy: Ethnographic Narratives from a Self Help Group in South India." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (2022): 19469–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.19469ecst.
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The paper revisits academics’ conceptualisations of women empowerment as stopping short of autonomy. It departs from the general observation that women empowerment movements by and large have failed to translate the new agency of women outside the domains of socio-economy; that women empowerment movements’ capacity to re-engage with patriarchal structures and ideologies is seriously contained. Through an ethnography of Kudumbashree, an SHG in the South Indian state of Keralam, we question the neat distinctions between empowerment and autonomy that prevail in the academic common sense. The transition of agency from the economic to the political domain is a subtle enterprise and is mediated by a number of factors, including the awareness, economic independence, personal freedom, mobility, decision making capability, and political participation. Socio-economic and political implications of women empowerment could be the first step in challenging and overcoming the relations of oppression in any society. The stereotypical assumptions can be negotiated by solely apportioning responsibilities and re-engaging with the system through everyday practices. The ethnography rearticulates the subversive potentials of socio-economic forms of women empowerment. The nuances of empowered women’s re-engagement with local gender/power regimes lead to changes at the conceptual level that cuts beyond the individual and group level material transformations.