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Henning, Ineke. "Implications of land reform on spatial planning and development in the Tzaneen Local Municipality / I. Henning." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4400.
Full textAbstract:
A thorough investigation of legislation involved in the land reform programme was conducted.
This includes the Constitution of South Africa, as well as the legal frameworks that manage the
land reform process. Many of the unintended results are because of misunderstandings. This
study sought to clarify those misunderstandings and confusing language.
The South African land reform process was excellently planned. The process is managed in
three phases, namely land restitution, land redistribution and land tenure. There are some
successes and failures due to the way those programmes were implemented.
In order to implement and manage the land reform programmes and spatial planning on
national, provincial and district level, the following plans were introduced:
National Level: Pro-active Land Acquisition Strategy (PLAS) & Area-based Planning
Provincial Level: Limpopo Growth and Development Strategy (LGDS)
District Level: Mopani Integrated Development Plan
Local Level: Greater Tzaneen Municipality Integrated Development Plan & Spatial
Development Framework
The study area, the Tzaneen Local Municipality, was chosen because it is home to some of the
first land reform projects in South Africa, it is the district with some of the highest intensity of
land claims and it offers a complete menu of land reform programmes in an advanced state on
a small area.
The impact that land reform has had on the spatial development in the Tzaneen Local
Municipality has been studied in more detail. As the study progressed, it was realised that the
impact not only stops at spatial development. The influence was much bigger than that. The
local economy was affected, as were job opportunities, tourism, food security, the retail industry
and even the mining industry. Such an impact is also not restricted to the Tzaneen Local
Municipality.
In order to control the land reform process, the government should involve the private sector in
the land reform process. The moment this happens, the skills and experience locked in the
private sector are transferred to the government for the benefit of all people involved in and
influenced by the land reform process. An Integrated Land Reform Action Forum (ILRAF) must be established that manages the land
reform process on national, provincial and local level. This ILRAF has to fulfil much the same
purpose as the former Joint Monitoring Committees (JMCs) accomplished.
The ILRAF must consist of all role-players within the land reform process. These include,
national, provincial and local government officials, commercial farmers, key role-players from
the private sector, farm worker representatives, Agri-SA, professionals such as town and
regional planners and transfer attorneys, farmers? associations, commercial banks and the
media to ensure transparency.
In order to correct past mistakes and to ensure that the next five years of the land reform
process goes off without a hitch, it is important to involve all role-players and ensure
transparency throughout all decision-making processes.
Key Terms: Land Reform; Agri-village; Area Based Planning; Land Restitution; Land
Redistribution; Land Tenure Reform; Greater Tzaneen Municipality; Willing buyer-willing seller;
Spatial Development Framework; Integrated Development Plan.Thesis (M.Art. et Scien. (Town and Regional Planning))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.
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Palmer, Louise. "Critical evaluation of the extent to which environmental aspects are considered in strategic level municipal decision making : case studies from the Gauteng Province / Palmer, L." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net//10394/7041.
Full textAbstract:
Historically the practice of conservation planning has occurred in an ad hoc manner in areas that have no economic or agricultural value. When systematic conservation planning has been implemented it has ensured the identification of priority areas that contain species, habitats, and processes essential to achieving conservation targets and goals set out by government. In the recent past a number of authors within the conservation planning fraternity have started questioning the actual impact of conservation plans. Only one third of the conservation plans (globally) published between 1998 and 2000 resulted in actual implementation. Prendengast et al. (1999) described this gap between conservation plans and conservation action as the ‘research–implementation–gap’. The same phenomenon is experienced in local government conservation planning, in South Africa. This has led to a lack of conservation planning and implementation.
By using the Gauteng provincial Conservation Plan (C–Plan), that is considered the strategic conservation planning document for the province government, a critical evaluation of the extent to which environmental aspects are considered in strategic level municipal decision making was done. Six local and two district municipalities within the Gauteng Province were selected to ascertain, through a comparative and objective analysis, to what extent their strategic documents (Integrated Development Plan, Spatial Development Framework and Environmental Management Framework) reflect the conservation planning done on a provincial sphere (C–Plan). An analysis was done of the selected documentation and spatial maps to determine whether incorporation occurred either explicitly and/or implicitly. The expectation is that municipalities within the Gauteng Province, should, as part of their Integrated Development Plan process, integrate the Gauteng C–Plan with their Integrated Development Plans.
The research found that all the municipalities fully incorporated the C–Plan within their Environmental Management Frameworks indicating that local government conservation planners do consult and incorporate provincial conservation plans when they are generating their own plans. The Spatial Development Frameworks and Integrated Development Plans did not reflect this strong connection with regards to conservation planning. There is a lack of integration between the different documents and an inability to bring a planning aspect(s) to delivery and implementation. There is no problem with the incorporation of the C–Plan into the Environmental Management Frameworks, thus future research or conservation initiatives should focus on the effective incorporation of the Environmental Management Frameworks into other strategic municipal documentation (Spatial Development Frameworks and Integrated Development Plans) and promote the integration that occurs between the municipal documents themselves.Thesis (M. Environmental Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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Blatch, Timothy. "Towards more integrated human-nature relationships: A Local Area Spatial Development Framework for the Two Rivers Urban Park (TRUP) Site." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23418.
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In this dissertation, the author explores the theme and concept of enabling more integrated human-nature relationships through strategic spatial planning. The idea that ecological planning, at a number of scales, should be an integral part of the strategic spatial planning process, in order to enable this integration, was investigated, in the current context of environmental degradation as a result of unsustainable development trajectories, climate change uncertainty, social and economic inequality, the need for compaction, and the need to strategically develop well-located catalytic sites in the city. The notion of positive and sustainable spatial planning as an enabler of more integrated human-nature relationships is investigated in terms of ecological approaches to development. The current disconnection of humans and nature has long been attributed to anthropocentric , post-industrial, and consumerist paradigms which have encouraged unsustainable urban development models, usually with assumed inevitable negative effects on the natural environment. As a result, the natural world's carrying capacity, quality, and presence in urban areas, has been severely compromized. This has limited nature's capacity to provide the necessary life support systems for humans and development and essential goods and services. This study, therefore, suggests that a paradigm shift is necessary in terms of how urban development and the natural environment interact and in terms of fostering the conditions necessary for more integrated human-nature relationships. This paradigm shift is within the realm of possibility within the ecological and spatial planning discourses. This study develops and presents a local area spatial development framework for a well-located site in the Cape Town Metropolitan area: the Two Rivers Urban Park (TRUP) site. This SDF represents the development of a spatial model for as to how more-integrated human-nature relationships can be enabled through spatial planning on the site. The study presents a literature review of literature relevant to human-nature relationships, spatial planning, and ecological planning in order to establish a theoretical framework before conducting a multi-layer anaysis of the status quo of the site. A SDF is then presented to guide responsible, positive, and sustainable development on the site over a twenty year period (2016-2036). The implementation framework is then presented before the dissertation is concluded and the major findings, recommendations, and contributions of the study are discussed. The methods and techniques used for data collection, analysis, and interpretation included case study methods, discourse and policy analysis, desktop research, observations, non-structured interviews, mapping, aerial photography, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) analysis, and an iterative conceptual design process. The SDF was generated in response to the theoretical framework and contextual analysis of the site. The major conclusions and findings were that, through the process of developing the SDF, it is possible to exhibit how spatial and ecological planning may be integrated in order to enable and foster deeper connections between humans and nature. The framework seeks to exhibit good-practice pilot projects and strategic interventions which should be innovatively implemented in terms of satisfying the criteria of positive development, sustainability, and depper human-nature relationships. A series of intentional and conscious eco-village type communities are envisioned on the site, whose way of life is closely connected and integrated into a single socio-ecological system with nature. Recommendations for future planning and research are presented and a personal reflection articulated before the study is concluded.
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Page, Jessica Hendrieka. "A comparison of integrated transport and spatial planning instruments : a case study of the Eden district municipality, Hermanus local municipality and Cape Town metropolitan areas / Jessica Hendrieka Page." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8512.
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In the field of city planning, a growing need exists for the integration of spatial development with transportation planning instruments. This study identifies issues related to the definition, evaluation and implementation of the integration of sustainable development and sustainable transportation within three types of municipalities.
Significant issues that are explored include the various definitions of integration; the range of issues considered under notions of integration; the diverse perspectives on, and criticism of development and transportation integration analysis, as well as approaches to evaluating integration and transportation impacts on development. Furthermore, the study reports on the goals of each municipality, specifically with reference to sustainable public transportation decision-making; approaches to sustainable transportation, automobile dependency; land use; and finally, on sustainable transportation and development integration solutions.
Approaches to spatial development used to focus on the organisation of land use issues, but this field is increasingly defined more broadly to include economic and social welfare, quality of human health/life and environmental integrity. From a sustainability perspective, a narrow definition of sustainable transportation tends to favour individual technological solutions, while a broader definition tends to favour more integrated solutions, including improved travel choices, economic incentives, institutional reforms, land use changes as well as technological innovation. Integration focuses on the teamwork required between the relevant departments as well as between levels or spheres of government, and often entails the implementation of nodal-corridor approaches. Sustainability planning may require changing the way people think about solutions to transportation problems in the future.
The literature survey (Chapter 2) addresses a number of salient concepts, namely transportation and spatial development integration, public transportation and its orientated development, nodal-corridor development, as well as environmental and development relationships. Furthermore, an investigation into the legislative frameworks and policies is presented with emphasis on spatial development, transportation plans and node-and-corridors development (Chapter 3).
This is followed in Chapter 4 by a report on an investigation into, and interviews held with representatives from the three municipalities (Hermanus local municipality, Cape Town metropolitan municipality and Eden district municipality) with reference to the integrated transportation plans (ITP) and spatial development frameworks (SDF) of these municipalities. This section reflects the opinions of relevant role-players regarding the central aspects of this study. Chapter 5 presents a summary of the study as well as a number of conclusions. In this chapter, planning recommendations are provided with the aim of advising municipalities on possibilities for the integration of sustainable transportation plans and spatial planning / development instruments.Thesis (M.Art. et Scien. (Urban and Regional planning))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012
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Warsame, Idil. "Practices for co-productive planning modes: Urban development in Cape Town : A case study based on the implementation of a design and building development incubator." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259678.
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Together with a steadily increasing urban population, South Africa and the city of Cape Town is facing continuously expanding informal settlements and communities with no access to basic human services or adequate housing. There’s an urgent need to design, plan and implement alternative and creative approaches to help stimulate an equal, inclusive and sustainable urban development and strategic spatial planning. Integrating methods and processes that includes participation, communication and collaboration by incorporating civil society and local community members in urban planning practices is one way of promoting sustainable and equal spatial growth. Co-production is a concept used in urban development theory that embraces this in and can be described as a communicative form of spatial planning where state, planners and citizens mutually interact in the planning process. In consideration of these challenges, this thesis aims to apprehend how marginalized, local communities in Cape Town can be included in matters regarding urban development and spatial planning practically and if co-production can be used to define and explain this form of approach. Therefore, this thesis is based on a case study research of the Better Living Challenge (BLC) incubator, a two-week long project in Cape Town, which supported 15 informal builders in improving and developing their designing, building and marketing skills. The practical implementation of this incubator and its process has been examined to determine if the theory of co-production can be used to outline the project and understand the results emerging from it. The incubator proved to be successful in several ways and was met with impressive feedback from the stakeholders. It was also followed with difficulties and restrictions like power dynamics and tension. The conclusions that were made highlights that the incubator can be defined as an alternative and unorthodox co-productive approach based on the aim and lay-out of the process.
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Meyer, Daniel Francois. "An exploration of revitalization strategies for rural areas : the case of the Northern Free State / Daniel Francois Meyer." Thesis, North-West University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10172.
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Rural areas, globally, are characterized as poor regions, with two-thirds of the world’s poor people residing in rural areas. In South Africa, 70 percent of the poor population or 3.6 million households, live in rural areas. In the last three State of the Nation Addresses (SONA) in South Africa by President Zuma since 2011, rural development has been placed high on government’s developmental agenda. The formulation of a comprehensive rural development policy, with coordinated implementation by all spheres of government is however still lacking. This research project was undertaken to explore solutions for the revival and development of rural areas in South Africa. The northern Free State region was selected as the geographical focus area and “testing ground” for the research. Rural South Africa has been deteriorating over the last few decades mainly due to globalization and urbanization. Two specific tools to achieve accelerated rural development were identified and analysed namely, local economic development (LED) and spatial planning. The research has shown that rural development is a complicated and difficult process. It is not only about agriculture and economic development, but also about other aspects such as spatial planning, social development, the environment, politics and public management aspects. For the purpose of the research, the theoretical statement was stated as “the chronic state of underdevelopment, poverty and unemployment, especially in rural South Africa, with a specific focus on the northern Free State, can be turned around by means of the implementation of revitalization strategies, which include innovative policies and programmes of LED and spatial planning”. Rural development requires strong committed local leaders and “champions”, skills, patience and funding. The research methodology included a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the concepts relating to rural development, as well as global and local case studies. Local rural development policies were also analysed as currently being implemented by government. Primary research included a community socio-economic survey in the study area to determine levels of
rural poverty, unemployment, services delivered by local government and skills. In this survey of poor rural areas and the socio-economic analysis of the northern Free State, it was found that: • close to 50% of all households were living in poverty, • 50.7% of all households lack employment, • 40% of households have an income of less than R 1 500 per month, • The average annual household income in the area relates to just less than R20 000, • The ratio between formal and informal jobs is 1: 0.25, which indicates a low level of informal job opportunities, • Most job opportunities are found in agriculture, manufacturing, community services and households. • The tourism sector only provides in 3.1% of the regional GDP. Local business chambers were also visited in order to determine their perceptions of rural development and local government as well as the level of partnerships with the various local authorities in the area. It was found that partnership formation and cooperation between local business chambers and local authorities in the region were limited, although business chambers are willing to cooperate and assist. Rural development needs a coordinated effort and partnerships between government, business and communities. The focus of the research was on the finding of possible solutions for rural development. Solutions such as a rapid rural assessment (RRA) and a strategy for the study area, which has been provided to the specific local government for implementation, have been formulated. Globally and locally no universally accepted definition of rural concepts such as rural development and rural regions exist. Definitions and classifications of rural areas were formulated for South African conditions. A major component of the research is the proposed rural development model known as the “Feza iSimangaliso” model. Pillars for rural development and best practice aspects for rural development were also formulated. Some of the main findings of the research regarding general rural development aspects are listed below: • Rural regions are slowly but surely becoming in “fashion” as popular regions again due to a number of reasons such as quality environments, the need for a sense of community and belonging and food security. • Well formulated strategic rural development strategies, which are implementable in a coordinated way, can make a positive impact. Rural areas could be seen as a viable alternative, but requires strong governance, especially at the local sphere. • The integration of spatial planning and LED could lead to accelerate rural development, especially when national policy exists and are implemented in a coordinated manner. • The creation of jobs will lead to improved quality of life. Labour intensive sectors of the economy such as tourism, agriculture including agro-processing, manufacturing and retail should be the focus of an economic strategy. • Rural development is dependent on hard and soft infrastructure provision and strong local government. • Rural development must be people centred, with the utilization of local indigenous knowledge. • Rural towns are critical for rural regional development and creation of rural-urban linkages. • The “pull factors” to rural areas include quality of life and environment, sense of belonging, unique culture and history, and a positive economic environment. Future research projects could include more detailed research on the study area and provision of assistance to the relevant local municipalities. A possible rural development matrix will be developed for the evaluation of the level of development and gaps in the development of a rural region. In conclusion, successful rural development planning must be based on strategic planning principles for implementation in order to prevent ad hoc implementation of isolated projects with limited impacts.PhD (Public Management and Governance), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2013
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Coetzee, Petrus Johannes van Vuuren. "A Reading of power relations in the transformation of urban planning in the municipalities of the greater Pretoria region (now Tshwane)." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10072005-140536.
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Capel, Tatjer Laura. "Polítiques de sòl i desenvolupament econòmic. Anàlisi del sòl d'activitat econòmica a Terres de Lleida: regulació urbanística, promoció i estratègia territorial a l'eix de l'A-2." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/457539.
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La tesi prova de donar resposta a la relació entre les polítiques de sòl i el desenvolupament econòmic, a partir de l’anàlisi de cas de les Terres de Lleida, i de manera específica de l’entorn de l’eix A-2. S’analitzen qüestions relacionades amb la regulació urbanística del sòl d’activitat econòmica urbà i urbanitzable, la seva dimensió en el context lleidatà i a Catalunya i la seva relació amb la dimensió econòmica de l’activitat industrial en aquest entorn. S’analitza també el paper de les polítiques públiques de planejament territorial i de promoció econòmica desenvolupades a diferents escales territorials, en la consolidació d’aquest eix en termes econòmics, i la coordinació entre elles. La recerca dóna resposta a quatre preguntes concretes, relacionades amb aspectes d'ordre estrictament econòmic com amb el planejament i l’ordenació territorial i urbanística i amb l’anàlisi de polítiques públiques, tant a nivell del discurs com de les estratègies desenvolupades. Es segueix una metodologia quantitativa, analitzant la base de dades del Mapa Urbanístic de Catalunya, que ofereix dades de sòl homogènies per a tots els municipis catalans, combinada amb estadístiques econòmiques diverses. Es fa servir així mateix una metodologia qualitativa, d’entrevistes en profunditat a diversos actors institucionals, per a analitzar les politiques territorials, de sòl i de promoció econòmica implementades a l’entorn de l’A-2.
La tesi s'estructura quatre grans parts. La primera es centra en els aspectes generals de la recerca, tant a nivell organitzatiu i metodològic, en el marc teòric en que es basa, així com la seva aplicació al cas de Catalunya. La segona part analitza els factors de consolidació econòmica de l’eix A-2, posicionant Terres de Lleida a escala catalana i l’eix A-2 a escala de l’àmbit territorial i en relació a altres eixos consolidats. La tercera part es centra de forma específica en l’anàlisi del sòl d’activitat econòmica d’aquest àmbit i l’entorn de l’eix A-2, realitzant una comparació en termes similars que a la part segona, però aplicada al sòl, i tenint en compte les seves condicions de dimensió, consolidació, ocupació, accessibilitat i preu. Per últim, la quarta part analitza les polítiques de caire territorial i de promoció econòmica implementades en aquest entorn i el seu impacte en la configuració de l’eix A-2 com un eix econòmic emergent.
La recerca estableix com Terres de Lleida i l’entorn de l’eix de l’A-2 tot i mostrar una tendència positiva de creixement demogràfic i econòmic, també de l’activitat industrial, en els anys anteriors a la crisi econòmica, no ha observat després un salt de posició dins la jerarquia territorial de Catalunya. En canvi, Terres de Lleida, i l’eix A-2 dins d’aquestes, compte amb una dimensió de sòl urbà, però especialment de sòl urbanitzable, molt superior a la seva dimensió econòmica. Aquest es troba, a més, distribuït de manera desigual en els municipis, en alguns casos sense aparent relació entre la quantitat de sòl i la dimensió econòmica dels mateixos. Les polítiques desenvolupades a l’àmbit de Terres de Lleida i l’entorn de l’A-2 han tingut, de forma general, la voluntat de contribuir al seu creixement, en alguns casos des d’una perspectiva de re-equilibri territorial. La coordinació entre les polítiques de sòl i les de promoció econòmica a diverses escales territorials analitzades és, tot i que existeix una col·laboració entre les diferents institucions analitzades, relativament poc intensa. Finalment, a les conclusions s'ofereixen una sèrie de reflexions al voltant de les implicacions per a les polítiques públiques.The thesis analyses the relationship between land policies and economic development, based on the case analysis of Terres de Lleida, and specifically on the A-2 axis. We analyze issues related to urban regulation of the industrial land,, their size in the Lleida context and in Catalonia, as well as their relationship with the economic dimension of industrial activity in this area The role of public policies of territorial planning and economic promotion developed at different territorial scales, in the consolidation of this axis in economic terms, and the coordination among them, is also analyzed. The research responds to four specific questions, related to aspects of strictly economic order and those related with urban land for economic activity. The analysis of the public policies is done both at the discourse level and the strategies developed. A quantitative methodology is used, analyzing the database of the Mapa Urbanistic de Catalunya, which offers homogeneous land data for all the Catalan municipalities, combined with various economic statistics. A qualitative methodology, specifically, in-depth interviews with various institutional actors, is also used to analyze the territorial, land and economic promotion policies implemented in the A-2 axis’ area. The thesis is divided into four major sections. The first one focuses on the general aspects of the research, both at the organizational and methodological level, in the theoretical framework on which it is based, as well as its application to the case of Catalonia. The second part analyzes the factors of economic consolidation of the A-2 axis, positioning Terres de Lleida on a Catalan scale and the A-2 axis at the level of the territorial area and in relation to other consolidated axes. The third part focuses specifically on the analysis of the lad for economic activity in this area and the A-2 axis, comparing it in terms similar to the second part, taking into account the land conditions of dimension, consolidation, level of occupation, accessibility and price. Finally, the fourth part analyzes the territorial and economic promotion policies implemented in this environment and its impact on the configuration of the A-2 axis as an emerging economic axis. The research establishes that Terres de Lleida and the A-2 axis environment despite showing a positive trend of population and economic growth, also of industrial activity, in the years prior to the economic crisis, has not witnessed a jump regarding its position within the territorial hierarchy of Catalonia. On the other hand, Terres de Lleida, and the A-2 axis within these, have a dimension of urban land, but especially of non-urbanized land, far superior to its economic dimension. This is also distributed unevenly in the municipalities, in some cases with no apparent relationship between the amount of land and the municipalities’ economic dimension. The policies developed in the Terres de Lleida area and the A-2 area have had as a goal to contribute to its growth, in some cases from a perspective of territorial re-equilibrium. We analyze the coordination between land policies and those of economic promotion at different territorial scales, to determine that, although there is a collaboration between the different institutions analyzed, this shows a low level of intensity. The Thesis offers in the conclusions a series of reflections on the public policy implications.
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Nadou, Fabien. "Intermédiation territoriale et spatialisation des activités économiques : cohérences et contradictions de l'action publique locale : investigation par la planification stratégique." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR1803/document.
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Cette thèse repose sur la mise en exergue du concept d’intermédiation territoriale, considérée comme une dynamique relationnelle et organisationnelle entre acteurs locaux, variable dans le temps et dans l’espace. Le territoire, fruit des interactions et des constructions sociales, jouant ici comme un véritable révélateur de leurs comportements, de leurs pratiques et des processus qui les animent. La réflexion focalise sur l’inscription spatiale des activités économiques, de même que sur les rapports entre acteurs territoriaux qui conduisent à sa formation et sa gestion. La planification stratégique spatialisée, en tant que vision à moyen-long terme de l’organisation spatiale des activités, constitue aussi bien l’objet privilégié d’analyse de ce travail, qu’une porte d’entrée permettant d’interroger le rapprochement entre les pratiques en aménagement et les politiques de développement économique à l’échelle locale. L’enjeu est de pouvoir observer et analyser les cohérences qui sont à l’oeuvre, et demandées à la PSS, autant qu’une nécessité accrue de durabilité. Dans quelles mesures la planification stratégique spatialisée, orchestrée par l’action publique locale, s’inscrit-elle dans un processus d’intermédiation territoriale, voire de façon plus générale, de développement territorial durable ?This thesis is therefore based on the emphasis of the concept of territorial intermediation we consider a relational and organizational dynamics between local actors, variable in time and space The territory, the result of interactions and social constructs, playing here as a true indication of their behaviors, practices and processes that drive them. Reflecting our focus on spatial registration economic activities, as well as the relationship between territorial actors that lead to its formation and management. The strategic spatial planning as a vision in the medium - long term spatial organization of activities, also constitutes the privileged object of this work as input to query the connection between the door management practices and policies of economic development at the local level. The challenge is to observe and analyze the consistency, required the PSS, as an increased need for sustainability. To what extent the strategic spatial planning, orchestrated by the local public action, it enrolled in a territorial intermediation process, or more generally, for sustainable territorial development ?
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Dovlén, Sylvia. "Communicating professional perspectives : local government and spatial planning for sustainability /." Stockholm, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-112.
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Perdicoulis, Anastassios. "Appraisal of local authority development plans." Thesis, University of Salford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360434.
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Wallace, Andrea Pauline Coombs. "Understanding fishers' spatial behaviour to estimate social costs in local conservation planning." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/10973.
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Artisanal fisheries are a key source of food and income for millions of people worldwide. However, unmanaged or excessive fishing activity can lead to declining returns for fishing effort and livelihood insecurity, and adversely impact wetland ecosystems. Management interventions such as protected areas and temporal closures may improve fishery sustainability and reduce environmental degradation, but often carry costs for fishers. Understanding predictors of fishing behaviour would allow conservation planning to minimise the adverse impacts of interventions, increasing the likelihood of fisher support of change. However, factors influencing fishers’ behaviour are rarely identified or taken into account when implementing conservation actions. Madagascar’s Lake Alaotra wetland supports the nation’s largest and most productive artisanal freshwater fishery, and provides critical habitat for endemic wildlife. Local fishers depend on the fishery for livelihood throughout the year. Catch-monitoring interviews, semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and follows were conducted over 16 months with 784 fishers at Lake Alaotra to understand the socioeconomic dynamics of the fishery. Although information from the fishers was sometimes imprecise, participatory monitoring methods engaged fishers and improved understanding of system dynamics. Linear mixed models confirmed that proposed restricted areas and temporal closures would generate direct short-term costs through reduced catch sizes, which vary between gear types. Socioeconomic data, spatial distribution of fishing effort, and fishers’ evaluations of management scenarios were used to explore alternative strategies. The conservation planning tool Marxan was used to identify reserve networks capable of achieving conservation goals while minimising adverse impacts for fishers. The research demonstrates that: interventions can have unequal impacts on local people: information about costs and benefits of interventions can produce more realistic and implementable conservation plans: and actively engaging fishers and understanding their spatial behaviour at relevant scales is critical for managing fisheries sustainability and promoting effective long-term conservation of freshwater ecosystems.
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Gedikli, Bahar. "Strategic Spatial Planning And Its Implementation In Turkey: Sanliurfa Provincial Development Planning Case." Phd thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12605550/index.pdf.
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This thesis aims at analyzing the strategic spatial planning, which has received widespread acceptance both in developed and developing countries. Turkey is one of the countries that has been trying to adopt this new tendency. Recently, Provincial Development Planning has been introduced into the Turkish planning system as a stratgeic planning attempt. This thesis evaluates the Sanliurfa Provincial Development Planning case with respect to a set of criteriaunderlines the role of continent factors (specific actors in the process and their roles) in the satisfaction of these criteria
and highlights the role of place-specific factors (quality of social capital, level of economic development) in the planning process. The strategic planning is not merely concerned with the plannng process
but also with implementation and monitoring stages. Therefore, the thesis stresses that these three integral stages --planning, implementation, monitoring-- should be eqaully considered with agents, roles and resources so that the plans can be implemented.
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Dakouo, Alain Bessiba. "La problématique de l'information territoriale et ses enjeux majeurs dans les pays du Sud : stratégie, méthodologie et projet pilote dans un pays en développement, le Mali." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC007/document.
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En Afrique, la décentralisation s'effectue dans des contextes variables selon les pays: la nécessité de réformer l'Etat suite à une crise, la volonté d'instaurer une démocratie locale pour compenser le pouvoir central voire dictatorial, parfois même l'incapacité de l'Etat à fournir les services socioéconomiques de base comme la santé, l'éducation, l'eau potable etc.En Afrique de l'Ouest, la décentralisation s’est souvent accompagnée d’un redécoupage des territoires dans les années 1990. La plupart des pays d’Afrique de l'Ouest ont créé trois niveaux de collectivités territoriales: la Région, le Département (Cercle au Mali) et la Commune. Ceci entraîne un besoin de gestion et d’aménagement du territoire à plusieurs échelles (état des lieux, suivi de l’emprise spatiale de l’aménagement, assainissement, gestion des ressources naturelles, développement économique rural, santé, éducation, hydraulique, gestion des risques etc.). Dans le cadre d’un besoin d’informations croissant, les partenaires au développement reconnaissent l’utilité du Système d'Information Géographique (SIG), comme outil d'aide à la décision. La création de différents ministères en lien avec l’information géographique au Mali, nécessite la mise en commun de compétences s’articulant autour de la géomatique. En effet, si chaque Institution et ministère sectoriel dispose de données thématiques propres, leur valorisation se heurte à une forte dispersion et disparité des données géographiques et cartographiques.Comment mutualiser un même système géospatial et territorial entre une mairie, une collectivité territoriale, une ONG, l’Etat ainsi que d’autres partenaires travaillant sur une même emprise territoriale ? Quelle stratégie d’information territoriale pour un pays comme le Mali ?L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est de mettre en place, selon les concepts, méthodes, et technologies de la géographie actuelle et de la statistique, un outil d’aide à la décision dans un contexte de mutualisation et de décentralisation, conçu pour faire franchir un pas décisif au bénéfice de l'aménagement territorial local, par une mise en cohérence et une mise à disposition des données géolocalisées nécessaires à une politique efficace d'aménagement du territoire. Cette perspective à caractère stratégique implique de remonter jusqu'aux aspects de la répartition des pouvoirs, les rapports entre les logiciels libres et payants, l’information participative (aspects sociétal, social, contexte ethnique...) et le développement de l’information géographique au Mali. Une stratégie d’information est en fait un préalable indispensable de toute stratégie d’aménagement et de développement. Le projet de thèse se veut un projet innovant cherchant à fournir des réponses sur la mise en place d’une telle politique de gestion multi-sources et multi-acteurs de l’information spatiale dans un pays en développementIn Africa, decentralization takes place in contexts that vary from country to country: the need to reform the Government following a crisis, the desire to establish local democracy to compensate for central or even dictatorial power, sometimes even the Government 's inability to provide basic socio-economic services such as health, education, drinking water, etc.In West Africa, decentralization was often accompanied by a redrawing of territories in the 1990s. Most West African countries have created three levels of local authorities: the Region, the Department (Cercle in Mali) and the Commune. This leads to a need for territory management and planning on several scales (inventory, monitoring of the environmental impact of development, sanitation, natural resource management, rural economic development, health, education, hydraulics and risk management). In the context of a growing need for information, development partners recognize the usefulness of the Geographic Information System (GIS) as a tool for decision making. The creation of different ministries in connection with geographic information in Mali requires pooling of skills centered on geomatics. Indeed, while each Institution and sectoral ministry has its own thematic data, their valuation is hampered by a high dispersion and disparity of geographical and cartographic data.How to share a common geospatial and territorial system across a town hall, a local authority, an NGO, the Government as well as other partners working on the same territorial? What territorial information strategy for a country like Mali?The aim of this thesis is to create, according to the concepts, methods, and technologies of current geography and statistics, a tool to support decision making in a context of overlapping responsibilities/actions and decentralization, designed to take a decisive step forward for the benefit of local territorial planning, by making coherent and available the geolocalized data necessary for an effective spatial planning policy. This strategic perspective implies going back to the distribution of powers, the ratio between free and paid software, participative information (societal, social, ethnic aspects, etc.) and the development of geographical information in Mali.An information strategy is in fact an essential prerequisite for any planning and development strategy. This thesis is an innovative project that will aim to provide answers on the implementation of such a strategy of multi-source and multi-stakeholder spatial information management in a developing country
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Shepherd, Desiree. "Integration in spatial planning : case study of the Cape Town Metropolitan spatial development framework." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6945.
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Bibliography: leaves 130-139.It is the underlying position of this thesis that -sustainable development embraces the concept of integrating economic, social, environmental, demographic and political issues. High levels of poverty and previous unequal access to resources and power in South Africa emphasise the need for an integrated approach, with a critical focus on democracy, participation and transformation of institutions. Sustainable development requires trade-offs, for example through regulatory frameworks. City managers use these frameworks provide a just and equitable means for informed, integrated and sustainable decision-making. The thesis, in terms of theory and precedent attempts to derive an understanding of What integration is in terms of the broader context of sustainable development and how it is perceived in both Spatial Planning and Strategic Environmental Assessment processes. although both have, at times, common objectives, they have different rationales and the assumption is made that spatial planners believe their procedures and methods pare sufficient for the integration of biophysical, social and economic issues. The question is: how is it possible to ascertain whether integrated planning is occurring? The intention of this thesis is to evaluate the extent of integration which occurred in the Cape Town Metropolitan Spatial Development Framework (MSDF). The Integration Framework is used as a tool to evaluate the MSDF - it constitutes five dimensions, substantive, methodological, procedural, institutional and policy integration. These provide the criteria for determining the extent to which integration has occurred in the MSDF. The MSDF process was initiated in 1991 and was the first planning exercise attempting to change the city structure and reverse the legacy of apartheid. It took into account the unique environment of the Cape, its people and the economy; the plan itself was prepared during a period of political, legislative, institutional and social change. The MSDF was adopted in 1996 by the Cape Metropolitan Council. An Environmental Evaluation was also done for the first time at metropolitan level, giving the spatial planning process a new dimension.
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Kamberoglu, Bahar Burcu. "Local Development And Conservation Priorities." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614208/index.pdf.
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The thesis evaluates the case of Ortahisar where natural rock-caved storage sector has been the major dominant traditional economic activity since 1950s. However this economic sector has begun to recess because of conservation priorities after the declaration of Göreme Historical National Park including Ortahisar settlement in World Heritage List by UNESCO in 1986. In addition, the tourism sector has begun to develop gradually in the Region as large amounts of tourists began to invade because of the world heritage advertisement of UNESCO and has begun to threaten the town&rsquo
s local economy, natural rock-caved storage sector. The aim of this thesis is to balance the stone-caved storage sector and tourism sector facilities and integrate the sustainable sides of them with conservation and sustainability objectives in a socio-spatial planning model and to ensure these two sectors&rsquo
positive contributions to each other and local economy. Finally, the thesis will emphasize the contribution of heritage planning to the sustainability of the local economy, ensuring of each sectors contribution to each other and local economy and heritage conservation process.
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Beresford, Charles Richard de la Poer. "Strategic planning : Local Education Authorities and primary school development." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1994. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10019218/.
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Many changes were taking place in schools and local government while this thesis was being developed during 1992 and 1993. An historical perspective of the impact of legislation on education is followed by a description of the emergence of school development planning. The literature on school effectiveness and improvement, together with that on inspection and advice, are the contexts for consideration of change and quality in schools. Data from every LEA in the UK is linked with interview data from a sample of LEAs with schools engaged in an ESRC-funded research project. Additional information from national education offices and from other research carried out during the same period is used to triangulate perceptions. Insights from this range of data are then presented in two sections: the implications for LEAs and schools are explored and characteristics identified. The evidence indicates that the strategic role of LEAs has been significant in the introduction of primary school development planning. The implementation of policies that have been mandated by central government since 1988 have increasingly depended on schools' ability to prioritise within their own planning. The impact of these policies on the performance, accountability and strategic capacity of community services is considered. Particular consideration is given to collaboration between services, the power shift away from elected members of LEAs towards school governors, and the scope for effective leadership in education. The implications for the deployment of resources and re-orientation of responsibilities throughout the education service and teaching profession are far-reaching. Conclusions about the appropriateness of networking, of competition, and of new patterns of bureaucracy vary in different parts of the UK. In the wake of recent legislation affecting education and local government, a new initiative is needed to revitalise strategic systemic planning and inter-school collaboration.
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Sundler, Sofie Inger. "Ecosystem Services in Spatial Planning : Towards Sustainable Development in the Swedish Physical Planning Process." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekoteknik och hållbart byggande, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-19823.
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This thesis aims at defining the connection between the increasingly popular ecosystem services theory and its practical implications for sustainable development in Swedish physical spatial planning. A literature study was made to summarize the ecosystem services and resilience thinking concepts (with an emphasis on ecosystem services), their definitions and potential uses in physical spatial planning. This overview was then applied in choosing a concept framework to be tested in a case-study: the possible changes in ecosystem services and their values in a land-use trade off situation. To gather insight into the benefits of the ecosystem services concept, compared to environmental integration into physical spatial planning on a municipal level today, the literature study was extended to encompass a short overview of environmental management in the Swedish planning system. Finally, the case study was introduced to municipal employees with strong ties to the planning process, in order to gage their opinions on the ecosystem services concept and its usefulness in planning for sustainability and increased human wellbeing. The results of these interviews showed a generally positive attitude towards the concept as a way to gather and communicate ecological and socio-cultural information to decision makers. The economic valuation was deemed less important as the method is fraught with such difficulties. Overall, the ecosystem services and resilience thinking concepts have great potential to gather the discontinuous environmental management methods toward sustainable (ecologic) development, but in order for this to happen, the municipalities need to be given the right resources, and incentives, for implementation.
19
Kim, Eunkyoung. "Developing an environmentally sustainable planning framework for South Korea : lessons from local plan-making in England." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/developing-an-environmentally-sustainable-planning-framework-for-south-korea-lessons-from-local-planmaking-in-england(513734b2-5486-409b-9724-7ed918f0b0c0).html.
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Sustainable development has attracted attention from both English and Korean planning systems. Whilst embracing this concept within planning, both countries have attempted to reform their local plan-making systems to flexibly respond to changing circumstances. This similarity of direction towards reformation of the planning sector raises questions for this research. Given that England embarked on promoting sustainability within its plan-making system ahead of Korea and reforming its planning system in the same direction as Korea, there may be a possibility that the current English planning system shows how far Korea can progress in the pursuit of a more environmentally sustainable planning system in the future.With this in mind, the research deals with two domains: understanding the environmental sustainability of the local plan-making systems in the two countries and discussion of the transferability of the lessons extracted from the comparative analysis. The findings reveal that many of the lessons learnt from the English experience could be adaptable in a Korean context under the existing legislation and that an amendment of national directives, in particular, Directive on Urban Planning could expand transferability. For instance, by designing the process of community participation and integration in greater detail in the Directive and suggesting detailed process of strategic environmental assessment as in the English system, there is a greater possibility for the local plan-making system in Korea to support environmental sustainability within planning more substantially. Together with this, findings on transferability anticipate that a potential conflict could exist due to the financial and administrative burden which may be imposed on local planning. Furthermore, the consensual knowledge held by actors involved in the plan-making process could facilitate the transferability of the suggested lessons. However, the current Korean politics which is focused on economic concerns surrounding the reformation of the plan-making process could create potential obstacles in accomplishing the suggested lessons.
20
Chan, Wai-keung, and 陳偉強. "Spatial development of Hong Kong in transition to region integration." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31258530.
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Tareen, Taskina. "Contextualizing TOD : fostering inclusive and integrated local spatial planning approaches in Cape Town, South Africa." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118232.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 144-155).
In 2017, the City of Cape Town released a version of its Municipal Spatial Development Framework, in which its principal statement positions Transit Oriented Development (TOD) as a key approach to redressing apartheid spatial legacies, with the intent of building a more inclusive, integrated and vibrant city Accordingly the City made the bold move of integrating the functions of its transport, urban development, and human settlements departments in order to effectively involve all lines of departments that will have the most impact on achieving TOD. While integrating transport infrastructure and spatial planning can be a promising long-term strategy as portrayed by other successful cities, its application in the global South comes with certain challenges. In Cape Town, this becomes especially visible at the local planning scale, where existing township contexts are comprised of fragmented urban and social forms that have suffered neglect since apartheid years, and thus present a challenging arena for a common spatial and urban vision to take place. This study takes the position that in order to truly build an inclusive, integrated and vibrant city, there needs to be a reciprocal conversation between local contextual planning at the township settlement scale, and the broader, metropolitan-scale TOD framework. The research therefore asks: What local spatial planning approaches and processes can foster inclusive TOD initiatives in previously neglected township areas? Using the Philippi Township, one of the city's prioritized station areas as a case study, the thesis employs process tracing, theory, and mapping to identify a series of contextual site elements pertinent to TOD, and then presents suggestions for alternative integrated urban approaches and inclusive processes that conceptualizes the regeneration of disadvantaged township areas like the Philippi in Cape Town.
by Taskina Tareen.
M.C.P.
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Eickmann, Andrew James. "Dutch Spatial Planning: The Coordination of Compact Development and Affordable Housing." PDXScholar, 2009. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/360.
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This case study combines elements of exploration and description to examine the interaction of growth management and housing affordability within the Dutch system of spatial planning. In Section I, I introduce the research framework and pose the central research question: How do planners and policymakers in the Netherlands conceptualize and manage the relationship between land and housing markets, and the effects of that relationship on housing affordability? In Section II, I provide an overview of Dutch spatial planning, focusing on planning and policymaking at the national and municipal levels, and summarizing the postwar-era "bundled deconcentration" approach to growth management. Section III covers the economic and political shifts of the 1980s and early 1990s, a period that marked the end of "bundled deconcentration" and ushered in the "compact city" approach to spatial planning. In Section IV, I introduce contemporary issues of land scarcity and housing supply stagnation and summarize my primary interview findings. In Section V, I elaborate on my interview findings and discuss the broader perspectives offered by Dutch planners and economists. Finally, in Section VI, I conclude the case study with a review of findings, final reflections, and suggestions for future research.
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Chan, Wai-keung. "Spatial development of Hong Kong in transition to region integration /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1731401X.
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LaFond, Michael A. "From Century 21 to Local Agenda 21 : sustainable development and local urban communities in East and West Berlin (Germany), and Seattle (United States) /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10822.
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Mashila, Thabang. "Spatial planning for climate change adaptation : developing a climate change local area adaptation plan for Khayelitsha." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13332.
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Includes bibliographical references.Climate change is now widely seen as a major challenge of this time and the future of cities. However, the most vulnerable will be the urban poor particularly those located on the urban fringes in high risk areas with limited access to basic services and economic opportunities. In South Africa, although progress has been made to reduce socio-economic and environmental challenges created by apartheid legislations, inequalities still exist where the privileged live in safer and well located and serviced parts of the city while he poor are still located in settlements created by apartheid in urban fringes. Spatial Planning presents an opportunity to increase resilience to climate change in vulnerable areas of cities. Through integrating planning and climate adaptation actions, future spatial decisions will add to resilience to climate change and enhance wellbeing of people. The dissertation includes a case study that was conducted to learn about the status quo of the study area to effectively recommend relevant interventions that seek to create resilience to climate change in the area. A local area adaptation plan was then formulated including the framework for implementing proposed interventions in a 20 year timeframe.
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Maeoka, Masao. "Japanese local economic development and industrial restructuring." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21699.
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Narainne, Guillaume Jean-Robert. "Proposed spatial development framework and precinct framework for George, Western Cape." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18169.
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Includes bibliographical referencesThe South African city is facing overarching issues which include skewed and dysfunctional urban forms, rapid urbanization and population growth resulting in ever increasing poverty, inequality and unemployment. The spatial configuration and socio-economic concerns were triggered by the 'historical development trajectory' during the Apartheid Era alongside with infective urban management policies and practices during the post-Apartheid period. These innumerable patterns of spatial segregation have created important structural ineptitudes which contribute to the aforementioned socio-economic challenges. According to Stats SA (2011), more than 60% of South Africans live in urban regions. Thus, the consequences of urbanisation and a high fertility rate are bringing new challenges to the urban management in South African's settlements. There are two main implications deriving from these identified demographic dynamics. Firstly, the patterns of urban growth which accompany rapid urbanisation. The legacy of the Apartheid Planning Model together with the rising demand for housing and social service infrastructure has resulted in an urban system characterised by low density urban sprawl, a fragmented coarse-grain urban fabric, the separation of various social groups (racial and income) and dysfunctional urban land-uses. Secondly, the social consequences resulted from expanding growing level of poverty, imbalanced development, unemployment and informality levels within human settlements. In response to the fore-mentioned issues, this report argues a Spatial Development Framework and precinct design for the town of George. The SDF and precinct design are believed to create a restructuring process for a balanced approach towards development and economic growth. From a spatial perspective, the SDF aims to achieve this vision through the creation of a sustainable and equitable town.
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Pretorius, Hanneke. "A practical assessment of spatial development frameworks in terms of water resources for development / by Hanneke Pretorius." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9690.
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There is no single resource so essential to sustaining life and livelihoods than water (UNDP, 2005). Water is furthermore a strategic resource that not only gives life, but is also a catalyst for development; therefore water has to and must be at the centre of all development plans (Buyelwa, 2009). Water can be the limiting factor for economic growth, upliftment and social development due to its scarcity and uneven distribution.
Strategic spatial interface and relationship with water resource planning and management is fundamental to development and realisation of spatial potential. Strategic spatial planning has many components of which the Spatial Development Framework forms the key regulation to guide development and inform investment opportunities.
The goal of this study is to determine the degree to which water resource management and planning is incorporated in Spatial Development Frameworks in context of strategic spatial planning. Concurrently international strategic spatial planning procedures and water resource management principles are investigated to correlate the local situation with international trends.
A Goal Achievement Matrix (GAM) with ten assessment principles is developed as a tool for evaluation of strategic spatial planning and water resource management documents in terms of the local municipal level. This GAM may be used and implemented as a comparative evaluation tool to compare the degree of integration and implementation of water resource management and strategic spatial planning of local municipal authorities internationally. The percentage score as achieved in evaluation of the GAM indicates the degree of integration of water resource management and planning with strategic spatial planning.
The cumulative result of the GAM scored 68% which can be used as a degree of comparison in future studies with other local municipalities, even on an international level. Measured in terms of the different authority levels the local level performed the worst with a 50% GAM score whilst the national level has a high GAM score of 86%. The low local level score indicates that exceptional legislation and policies on national level are not sufficient to eradicate poverty, provide water for all and provide for long-term sustainability if the implementation at local level falters. The low local level score may also be attributed to a lack of institutional capacity and lack of appropriate skills.
It is concluded that Spatial Development Frameworks (as a component of strategic spatial planning) and water resource management and planning on a local level are not effectively integrated and it is recommended that water resources and planned future development must be effectively managed and integrated in order to ensure sustainable communities at local level. As a planning recommendation, the Guidelines for the Development of Spatial Development Frameworks developed by the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform must be extended to incorporate the integrative approach between strategic spatial planning and water resource management as a fundamental aspect.
The effective integration of water resource management and planning in strategic spatial planning is key to sustainable, equitable and viable communities.Thesis (MArt et Scien (Urban and Regional Planning))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Sykes, Olivier John. "Diversity and context dependency in European spatial planning : investigating the application of the European spatial development perspective." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417298.
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Nelana, B. "Co-operative governance in integrated development planning : local economic development in the Eastern Cape." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2097.
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Thesis (MPhil (Sustainable Development Planning and Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.The study evaluated co-operative governance in integrated development planning (IDP), with a focus on local economic development (LED). Literature review, survey questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were data gathering instruments. Co-operative governance entailed mutual understanding with inclusive decision-making between government spheres and government, business and communities. This was unsuccessful in IDP because of national government dominance, complex tools for co-operation, expert-controlled co-operative governance, finance-dominated planning, a lack of proactive municipal planning and dominance by empowered role-players. Four LED models, namely, a Western, Latin American, African and South African emerged. South Africa’s model is multi-sectoral with land management policy, investor promotion, institutional development, financial and social investment strategies and sufficient policy and legislation. However, co-operative governance in IDP (LED) is dis-functional because of assumed equality of stakeholders. The study recommends a ‘Quilted Co-operative Development Planning Model’, which has a streamlined policy framework, efficient and effective management tools and organisation that promote bottom-up planning.
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Poxon, Jennifer Mary. "The development planning process in context : change and challenge." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310793.
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Murphy, Sean. "Development and Assessment of a Spatial Decision Support System for Conservation Planning." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MurphyS2003.pdf.
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Manolan, Kandy Deepa. "Spatial planning for windenergy development using GIS : A study of Västernorrland County." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-240330.
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Countries across the globe have started taking measures to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions andto power the future with more sustainable forms of energy. One such initiative towards sustainableenergy generation is through wind energy. The wind energy contribution has shown a drastic increasein Sweden during the last few years. However there are several issues due to improper siting of windmills. This thesis aims to conduct a multi-criteria evaluation to determine suitable wind farm sites inVästernorrland County. The spatial planning through multi-criteria evaluation is done jointly usinganalytical hierarchy processing and weighted linear combination in ArcMap. There are 29 criteriataken into account and the buffer zones from each criterion are decided based on Swedish legislation,discussions with stakeholders and from similar previous studies. Three scenarios namely green,economy and tourism are created giving emphasize on the aspects as the title implies. The scenarioeconomy has the least area with very high suitability scores when compared to the other two scenarios.The results obtained for the three scenarios are grouped into classes with suitability scores. About 60%of the total area is unsuitable for wind farm installations and most of the area has less to moderaterange of suitability. The major constraints that restrict the wind mill installations are spaces with landcover like water, roads and national protected areas. Based on the suitability scores, the best three sitesare finally selected which covers the three scenario aspects. Other sites are excluded due to reasons likelow suitability, closeness to the county boundary and too small in size. Among the best three sites, twosites already have permission to build wind farms. The proposed third site is about 2.5 squarekilometres located to the south-east of the county. In conclusion, the project result not only shows thatthere are more potentialLänder över hela världen har börjat vidta åtgärder för att minska utsläppen av växthusgaser och att iframtiden övergå till mer hållbara energikällor. Ett sådant initiativ mot en hållbar energiproduktion äratt satsa på vindkraft. Vindenergi har visat en drastisk ökning i Sverige under de senaste åren. Detfinns dock flera problem på grund av olämplig placering av vindkraftverk. Avhandlingen syftar till attgenomföra en utvärdering av flera kriterier för att bestämma lämpliga lägen för vindkraftparker iVästernorrlands län. Den fysiska planeringen genom utvärdering av flera kriterier görs gemensamtmed hjälp av en analytisk hierarki-bearbetning och vägd linjär kombination i ArcMap. Det tas hänsyntill cirka 29 kriterier och buffertzoner för varje kriterium bestäms utifrån svensk lagstiftning,diskussioner med intressenter och liknande tidigare studier. Tre scenarier, med respektive tonvikt påekologi, ekonomi och turism skapas och analyseras. Scenario ekonomi har det minsta området medmycket höga lämplighetspoäng jämfört med de andra två scenarierna. Resultaten som erhållits för detre scenarierna grupperas i klasser med olika lämplighetsresultat. Cirka 60% av den totala arealen ärolämplig för vindkraftsanläggningar och majoriteten av området har mindre till måttligt lämpligtutbud. De stora begränsningarna som sätter gränser för vindkraftsanläggningar är de områden somupptas av exempelvis vatten, vägar och nationella skyddsområden. Baserat på lämplighetspoängen ärde bästa tre platserna utvalda som representerar de tre scenarierna. Andra platser utesluts på grund avskäl som låg lämplighet, närhet till länets gräns och alltför små områden. Bland de utvalda områdenahar två redan tillstånd att bygga vindkraftparker. Den föreslagna tredje platsen är cirka 2,5kvadratkilometer belägen i sydöstra delen av länet. Sammanfattningsvis visarprojektet resultatet intebara att det finns fler potentiella platser men identifierar också de mest lämpliga platserna förinstallation av vindkraftverk i Västernorrlands län.
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Wapwera, S. D. "Spatial planning framework for urban development and management in Jos Metropolis, Nigeria." Thesis, University of Salford, 2014. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/30802/.
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Effective urban and regional planning has the potential to contribute to achieving the United Nations Millennium Development Goals, particularly in countries where land is readily available for development. Jos Metropolis has been chosen as a focus of study as it exemplifies the problem of urban sprawl in Nigerian cities. This research seeks to evaluate the need for spatial planning and to develop a framework and guidance for addressing physical planning problems with particular reference to Jos Metropolis, Nigeria. The epistemological position of the study leans towards interpretivism while the ontological and axiological standpoints are towards constructivist and value laden respectively. The research methodological strategy employed is mixed methods involving multiple case studies of the planning authorities from Jos metropolis, Nigeria, that have used the urban master plan as a development control measure. Questionnaires, interviews (face-to-face interview) and documents reviews were the data collection methods. This research revealed that; urbanisation and its related problems can be controlled effectively using appropriate planning approaches in regions of both developed and developing countries. Statistically, the results showed that the components of institutional framework, specifically, tiers of government (institutions), planning legislation and the administrations were not significantly affected by the culture, physical, political, institutions, financial, knowledge, analytical and legal constraints whilst the planning authorities were significantly constrained. The urban planning system in the Jos metropolis is not effective in ensuring controlled urban development and management. Hence, based on these outcomes, a spatial planning framework and guidance is developed for effective urban development and management in Jos Metropolis Nigeria. Finally, this study recommended further research opportunities as the frameworks and guidance document developed are used in urban and regional planning and the activities of development plan /control process in the other 36 States of the Nigerian Federation including Abuja.
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Davies, Craig. "Participatory Planning and the Global South: A Case Study of Local Planning and Development in Vrygrond." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13047.
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Includes bibliographical references.Urbanisation is occurring most rapidly in the global South, where cities are characterised by increasing levels of poverty, socio-spatial inequality, and informality. Mainstream planning theories have tended to originate from the North, responding to a context that differs greatly from that of cities of the South where theories have been uncritically adopted and imposed. State planning systems in developing countries often reflect traditional technocratic approaches and have become increasingly disengaged from rapidly changing urban conditions. In a context in which neoliberalism is becoming increasingly hegemonic, such planning systems may serve the interests of capital over the needs of the poor. There has therefore been a call to focus on developing descriptive and explanatory theories through case research from which new and more contextually appropriate approaches to planning might emerge. I offer the case of Vrygrond as a contribution to this ongoing endeavour to ‘theorize from the South’, regrounding planning theory and practice in the realities and complexities of global South contexts. The case study explores the nature of development in the densely populated, low-income settlement in Cape Town, from 1997 to 2014. The main research question asks how services, public facilities and amenities have been secured in Vrygrond, and how planning theory and practice might learn from this experience. The dissertation therefore draws on semi-structured interviews to understand the interaction between development processes adopted by key actors and contextual factors which include racial and ethnic diversity, power struggles, oppositional forms of citizenship, mistrust, and pervasive crime. The findings are then interpreted through the application of three contrasting theoretical frameworks of technocratic planning, communicative and collaborative planning, and co-production. I argue that the assumptions underlying technocratic and communicative planning are problematic in the context of Vrygrond, and that co-production might be better placed to respond to a lack of access to public facilities as well as a broader sense of disempowerment and marginalization. Recommendations include institutional rearrangements that might foster a social context that would be more receptive to co-production. I call attention to the nature of citizenship in postapartheid communities, to social difference and power relations, and to the impact of crime and gangsterism on local governance, as important considerations for participatory planning approaches such as co-production.
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Deora, Amy (Amy Carter). "Inner city shopping centers : national development trends and local community impacts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37861.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 94-96).
Within the past ten years, there has been increasing interest in bringing retail back into inner-city neighborhoods as a commercial revitalization and economic development strategy. In this thesis, a large data set of all US shopping centers is analyzed to examine general trends in shopping center development, as well as trends in inner-city shopping center development over time. This research showed that inner-city centers are fairly similar to those in other parts of the MSA, although they are smaller, denser, and house a slightly different profile of retailers. During the 1980s, shopping center development in the inner city increased along with development in the rest of the metro area. As the overall market for shopping center development declined in the 1990s, inner-city development has declined even more sharply. And, while there is a major trend in the rest of the metropolitan area toward increasing renovation, expansion, and redevelopment of older centers, shopping centers in the inner city are not experiencing this surge of re-investment.
(cont.) This thesis also examines the case for economic development through shopping center development, and explores the local community impacts of shopping center development through brief case studies of three inner-city shopping center projects in Houston, Boston, and Baltimore, with the goal of presenting how successful projects came about, why they were attractive to potential tenants, and what their impact was on the neighborhood.
by Amy Deora.
M.C.P.
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Tcacencu, Sanda. "Social Sustainability in a Local Context." Thesis, KTH, Samhällsplanering och miljö, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-239879.
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Piercy, Brett I. (Brett Ianthe). "State and local economic development tools : how does the range of state-level economic development tools available to a locality influence the way local resources are deployed?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59770.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 85).
Patterns in Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) expenditures for economic development in selected states were analyzed to explore whether differences in economic development tools, policies and programs available at the state level influence the deployment of economic development tools at the local level, and if so, how. Though CDBG is a federal government program, because grant fund programming is largely at the discretion of local decision-makers, and consistent expenditure data is available for entitlement communities across the country.
by Brett I. Piercy.
S.M.
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Qian, Hui. "Towards the development of a spatial planning framework for rural development in China : a case study of Jiangsu Province." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/towards-the-development-of-a-spatial-planning-framework-for-rural-development-in-china-a-case-study-of-jiangsu-province(d4ea211d-c35d-4f82-85e2-7e3d80b1632b).html.
Full textAbstract:
After being neglected for two decades, rural areas in China are experiencing another wave of reform. There has been increasing attention from central government on rural issues and a series of rural resurgence policies were published with a central idea of ‘urban-rural integration and New Socialist Rural Construction Programme’ (State Council, 2010b). Planning as a policy tool to guide development has just began to cover rural areas in China. There is a need to develop a framework, both theoretically robust and deliverable, to guide rural planning in China. ‘Spatial planning’ has been widely adopted as a planning approach in Western Europe, including the UK, to achieve sustainable development. Hence, the research aims to use the concept of ‘spatial planning’ to identify potential ways to integrate rural areas into the complex planning system that currently exists in China. The research was carried out through a case study approach in three municipal cities in Jiangsu province, China. The newly developed rural planning system in Jiangsu province mainly focuses on the development control of towns and villages, physical landuse regulation and the renovation of settlements through town and village distribution planning and village planning. There is a lack of development planning for rural areas. The findings also show that the new urban and rural planning system generally fails to integrate urban and rural development, though in some developed areas more attention has been put on urban-rural integration planning. Moreover, it is found that, in many areas, the new urban and rural planning framework tends to be urban-centre-led and economically driven, which has led to the loss of rural landscape and characteristics. The research also identifies the weakness of planning at the local scale in coordinating policies and projects of different sectors. In addition, local government plays a leading role in the making and delivery of rural planning in China and, in some areas, local government activities in rural development and planning are much more a political response to the national and provincial government’s policy rather than the local demands. Based on these findings, the research provides some policy recommendations for modifying the current rural planning framework in China to overcome these problems in the short and long term by making reference to some of the key ideas of the spatial planning approach.
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McDougall, Kevin. "A local-State government spatial data sharing partnership model to facilitate SDI development /." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00002782.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, Dept. of Geomatics, Faculty of Engineering, 2006.Author's name on spine: K. McDougall. Spine title: Local-State government SDI partnership model. Includes bibliographical references (p. 233-251).
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McGrath, Susan. "Local governance : an assessment of the planning and development of Tumbler Ridge." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26561.
Full textAbstract:
Tumbler Ridge, a resource town situated in northeastern British Columbia, is the first new community developed using the "local government" model. The context for the case study is provided by an examination of resource community development in British Columbia and Western Australia during the post-war period. In both jurisdictions a transition in resource community development methods is evident. The main stimulus for these changes has been the recognition of a variety of endogenous and exogenous problems associated with earlier methods of development. There has been a change away from the paternalistic company town with its outdated mode of private governance to more "open" methods of development which enable a greater degree of self-governance.
The Tumbler Ridge project is assessed in some detail in order to Identify its main attributes and drawbacks. Where circumstances such as workforce size, location and anticipated longevity of mining activity favour the establishment of a new town, the Tumbler Ridge case study shows that the "local government" method of development should be preferred over alternative methods of developing new resource communities. The "local government" model has a number of distinct benefits including: financial mechanisms that enable early provision of a high standard of facilities and services, commercial sector brokerage, proactive community development, participatory local government and a reduction in corporate influence. These have resulted in the diminution of social ailments and more rapid progress towards stability and maturity than in resource towns established by alternative methods. The most significant remaining problem is the provision of service sector housing and the attainment of a sufficiently integrated housing market.
Changes in the approach to resource community development are primarily the outcome of changes in provincial policy. Whereas in the pre-war and early post-war period, economic development was the overriding factor, in recent decades, settlement policy, which is essentially concerned with social and livability aspects of development, and environmental policy, have introduced a range of other considerations and contributed to present trends in resource community development. The form that future resource community development takes will depend primarily on the disposition of the prevailing political party. To the extent that provincial settlement policy is influenced by the outcome of previous initiatives, Tumbler Ridge is likely to reinforce existing tendencies towards municipally-lead development. One of the most important contributions of the Tumbler Ridge project is that it has enabled the articulation of a set of theoretical relationships that exists between governance institutions, the tools and skills required to operationalize these.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Cassidy, Ann S., Delphine Le Page, and Sean W. Spender. "Enhancing planning for local energy systems by the strategic sustainable development framework." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för maskinteknik, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2908.
Full textAbstract:
The world is facing energy supply challenges. Rising prices and finite reserves of fossil fuels, combined with necessary reductions in their use in order to mitigate anthropogenic climate change, will dramatically reshape the future energy supply. Among the greatest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions are the energy systems that power transportation, heating and cooling, and industrial processes. It is imperative that energy planning is sustainable, secure and effectively implemented for local development. The aim of our research is to enhance the planning process that can aid authorities moving towards sustainable local energy systems. Local energy systems refer to the supply, distribution and use of energy within a municipality. In this study, we advocate applying a strategic sustainable development framework based on 'backcasting from principles of sustainability'. We analyzed global, European Union and Swedish energy objectives, as well as the results of a survey of beacon European cities to inform strategic planning guidelines for authorities moving towards sustainable local energy systems. Our research suggests that the strategic sustainable development framework provides structure to inform strategic and critical decision points for planning and implementing local energy systems.
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Booth, Philip. "Rules, discretion and local responsibility : development control case studies in the urban community of Lyon." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1989. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2964/.
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The research presented in this thesis rests on the premise that the administrative and legal systems of France have a critical bearing on the way that decisions on applications for permissions to build are taken, and the nature of the decisions themselves. In the knowledge that the French system of law offered a legalistic, regulatory franiework for planning policy and policy implementation, four specific questions are posed: firstly about the relationship of plans to development control decisions; secondly about the effects of the system on applicants; thirdly about the possibilities for third parties to be involved in, and seek redress from, development control decisions and fourthly about the effects of the decentralisation of development control powers that has taken place since 1983. These questions are then located within a broader discussion of discretion, accountability and the management of uncertainty. The theoretical discussion of the first chapter paves the way for a more detailed presentation of the nature and origins of French local administration and French planning law and procedure which in turn lead to a case study of the 55 communes of the Urban Community of Lyon and eight studies of development control applications which are explored through an examination of the case file documents and interviews with participants. Two sets of conclusions are drawn from the study. The first set concerns the effects of a legalised system on the making and implementation of planning policy. The first conclusion is that the legalistic approach of the French planning system appears to create serious difficulties for finding an appropriate expression for policy. In part the problem is shown to be as much a question of ethos as of what is really possible under the law, amid some examples of practice in Lyon show how flexibility is still possible even within a legalised system. The second conclusion is that once the rules are departed from, the system offers no alternative means of testing policy in its specific application, although the use of non-statutory consultation meetings in Lyon has gone some way to meeting the problem. The third is that the pattern of zoning and regulations does not appear to help the maintenance of a planning strategy. The fourth is that a legalised system does not promote certainty for either administrators or applicants. The fifth is that a legalised system does not permit third parties to participate in the decision-making and ensures that objections are seen mainly as being about property values. The second set of conclusions has to do with the question of the power to decide and the accountability of decision-makers. The first is that the legalised system, while offering potential for agency discretion, nevertheless appears to favour officer discretion which on the evidence of the case studies is rife. While offering mayors the possibility of tactical power, it appears to reduce the accountability for decisions taken. Moreover, the control of the legality of decisions is dependent equally upon the discretion of the prefect. The second is that the pattern of crossregulation within the French system of local government has ensured the continuity of dependencies between the principal actors in the planning system. The final conclusion is that decentralisation has had relatively little effect on the balance of power. In the Lyon conurbation, COURLY would appear to be the principal beneficiary of the new powers, which would suggest that more power will be concentrated in future at the local level, but that the power will not be any more susceptible to control by the electorate.
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Gisiger, John. "The mobilization of local commitment to urban development programs in Latin America." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74321.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1985.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH
Bibliography: leaves 87-93.
by John Gisiger.
M.C.P.
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Rabie, Babette. "Improving the systematic evaluation of local economic development results in South African local government." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6645.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Evidence-based policy making and results-based management aim to improve the performance of organisations, policies and programmes by enabling the accurate measurement of progress and results required for management and policy decisions. Within the notion of the developmental state, ‘Local Economic Development’ (LED) uses the development planning and implementation capacities of local government to accrue economic benefit to the locality with the aim of addressing development problems such as unemployment, poverty and market failure at the local level. While promoting the economic welfare of citizens is a critical objective of local government, the absence of specific indicators for LED measurement hampers their ability to successfully determine whether their efforts are achieving the expected results. The aim of this dissertation is to promote the systematic and committed evaluation of the results of LED interventions in South African local governments. As such, it provides guidelines for an outcomes-based monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system for LED in South Africa and presents a framework of generic outcome and output indicators for alternative LED interventions within the context of public sector monitoring and evaluation. The dissertation commences with an overview of the history of evaluation research, the conceptualisation of ‘Monitoring’ and ‘Evaluation’, and a categorisation of the alternative approaches to evaluation. It further explores best practices in instilling M&E in organisations, policies or programmes through guidelines for the development of M&E systems; designing and conducting evaluation studies; presenting findings; and developing indicators. This later provides a basis for exploring challenges in the evaluation of LED and proposing guidelines for an outcomes-based LED system. The policy framework of public sector M&E in South African government is explored before recommendations are made on the basis of good practice guidelines from the selected international systems and the World Bank. The concept ‘local economic development’ is contextualised and its manifestation in South African policies and practice explored to demarcate the roles of various role players, but local government in particular, in promoting LED. A review of LED-related literature produced a comprehensive list of potential LED interventions. These interventions were categorised into business development, locality improvement, community development, or improved governance interventions. Specific programmes and projects from practice were summarised within each intervention. For each of the identified LED interventions, generic outcome statements and objectives are formulated, followed by concrete contextual output and outcome indicators. The developed indicators are partly derived from existing indicators used to measure development results, but primarily developed from the implied end result captured in the objectives and outcome statements of each intervention. The LED indicator framework was reviewed by selected M&E and LED experts for final refinement and comments. The systematic evaluation of LED results based on well-designed evaluation studies that incorporate the strengths of the various approaches to M&E can enable the identification of the most promising, best return-on-investment LED interventions, as determined by the real, accurate results of these interventions. This can improve strategic policy and management decisions so as to maximise the limited available resources for LED and ensure the greatest positive economic and social development impact.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Bewysgedrewe beleidmaking en uitkomsgerigte bestuur is daarop ingestel om die prestasie van organisasies, beleide en programme te verbeter, deur dit moontlik te maak om die vordering en resultate soos benodig vir bestuur en beleidsbesluite akkuraat te meet. Binne die konteks van die ontwikkelingstaat, maak ‘Plaaslike Ekonomiese Ontwikkeling’ (LED) gebruik van die ontwikkelingsbeplanning en implementeringskapasiteit van plaaslike regerings om ekonomiese voordele vir die lokaliteit te bevorder en sodoende werkloosheid, armoede en markmislukking op plaaslike vlak aan te spreek. Alhoewel die bevordering van die ekonomiese welvaart van burgers ‘n kritiese doelwit van plaaslike regerings is, word plaaslike regerings se vermoë om met sekerheid te bepaal of die gewenste resultate deur aksies bereik is, deur die afwesigheid van spesifieke aanwysers vir die meting van LED belemmer. Die doel van hierdie proefskrif is om sistematiese en toegewyde evaluering van die resultate van LED-intervensies in Suid-Afrikaanse plaaslike regerings te bevorder. As sulks, verskaf dit riglyne vir ‘n uitkoms-gerigte stelsel vir die monitering en evaluering (M&E) van LED in Suid-Afrika, sowel as ‘n raamwerk van generiese uitkoms- en uitsetaanwysers vir alternatiewe LED-intervensies binne die konteks van openbare sektor monitering en evaluering. Die proefskrif begin met ‘n oorsig van evalueringsnavorsingsgeskiedenis, die konseptualisering van ‘Monitering’ en ‘Evaluering’ en kategorisering van verskillende benaderings tot evaluering. Dit verken beste praktyke vir die daarstelling van M&E in organisasies, beleide of programme, om daardeur spesifieke riglyne vir die ontwikkeling van M&E-stelsels, die ontwerp en implementering van evalueringstudies, die aanbieding van bevindinge en die ontwikkeling van aanwysers te spesifiseer. Hierdie dien as ‘n basis vir die latere verkenning van die uitdagings in die evaluering van LED en die daarstel van riglyne vir ‘n uitkoms-gerigte LED-stelsel. Die beleidsraamwerk vir M&E in die Suid- Afrikaanse openbare sektor word verken voor voorstelle ter verbetering gemaak word aan die hand van die beste praktyk riglyne van geselekteerde internasionele stelsels, asook die Wêreldbank. Die konsep ‘plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkeling’ word gekontekstualiseer en die voorkoms daarvan in Suid-Afrikaanse beleid en praktyk word verken om sodoende die rol van verskillende rolspelers, maar veral plaaslike regering, in die bevordering van LED te onderskei. ‘n Oorsig van LED-verwante literatuur lewer ‘n uitgebreide lys van potensiële LEDintervensies. Hierdie intervensies word gekategoriseer as besigheidsontwikkeling, lokaliteitsverbetering, gemeenskapsontwikkeling of verbeterde regeringswyse intervensies. Spesifieke programme en projekte uit die praktyk word as voorbeelde van elke intervensie aangehaal. Vir elk van die geïdentifiseerde LED-intervensies word generiese uitkoms- en uitsetstellings geformuleer, gevolg deur konkrete, gekontekstualiseerde uitkoms- en uitsetaanwysers. Die aanwysers is tot ‘n mate afgelei van bestaande aanwysers wat aangewend word om ontwikkelingsresultate te meet, maar is hoofsaaklik ontwikkel uit die geïmpliseerde eindresultaat soos vervat in die geformuleerde doelwitte en doelstellings vir elke intervensie. Die ontwikkelde aanwyserraamwerk wat ontwikkel is, is verder verfyn op grond van terugvoer vanaf geselekteerde deskundiges op die gebied van M&E en LED. Die sistematiese evaluering van LED-resultate gegrond op goed-ontwerpte evalueringstudies, inkorporeer die sterk punte van verskeie benaderings tot LED, bevorder die identifisering van die mees belowende en lonende LED-intervensies soos bepaal deur die werklike, akkurate resultate van hierdie intervensies. Hierdie kan ‘n bydrae tot verbeterde strategiese beleids- en bestuursbesluite lewer en sodoende die beperkte beskikbare hulpbronne vir LED maksimeer en die grootste positiewe ekonomiese en sosiale ontwikkelingsimpak verseker.
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Wilson, Michael Thomas Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Mapping under uncertainity : spatial politics, urban development, and the future of coastal flood risk." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120237.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: Ph. D. in Urban and Regional Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 283-311).
Flooding is the most common and single largest source of disaster-caused property damage in the United States. The past year, 2017, was the costliest for weather and climate disasters in US history. To mitigate these losses, the Federal Emergency Management Agency and National Flood Insurance Program produce Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) that often provide the most comprehensive and authoritative flood hazard information for a community. Despite reform efforts for greater map accuracy, spatial politics may render the computationally efficient 100- year floodplain delineation of questionable effectiveness, equity, and legitimacy for long-term land use planning. Given changing coastal flooding and sea level rise, how can risk mapping inform and improve future urban development? The dissertation: (1) positions flood mapping in the larger context of urban risk computation; (2) chronicles and statistically analyzes the nationwide map adoption process; (3) uses spatial analysis, document review, semi-structured interviews, and grounded theory to identify how these updates are proxies for nonstationary flood risk in Plymouth County, MA and New York City, NY; (4) compiles a novel survey of recent large-scale development decisionmaking in Boston, and (5) pilots a probabilistic indicator that models project-level flood risk information. I observe that the differences in location, wealth, and race between counties are associated with varying FIRM adoption process durations as well as whether a county may appeal and receive revised maps. I argue that coastal communities with sociopolitical clout can bend the process of computational risk assessment, through either contestation or collaboration over risk classification. I find the planning information shock of updated maps, however, is a largely insufficient signal to change developer behavior. Therefore, I pioneer the Future Flood Resilience Indicator (FFRI) as a decision support tool for developers to understand the long-term flood risk of their proposed development projects and planners to ascertain the impact of their policies. In conclusion, the dissertation provides policy makers with: (1) new data on how map adoption is not a purely scientific and technical process, (2) further evidence that the current 100- year flood standard is inadequate, and (3) resilience-building tools for land use planning.
by Michael Thomas Wilson.
Ph. D. in Urban and Regional Planning
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Amarasekera, Athula. "Critical analysis of vertical mixed use development : the transit and spatial interface /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25803530.
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Yung, Hiu-wah Eva. "The planning and development of a new metro system the case of the Dubai metro /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41549326.
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Hulsman, Maryann (Maryann Madeline). "Making local connections : the development of social capital through place-based virtual groups." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77880.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2012."September 2012." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 145-161).
Over the last decade, as computer-mediated communication (CMC) has become ubiquitous., place-based virtual groups have become increasingly common in the U.S. People are using various CMC tools, such as email lists, message boards, and social network sites, to form these virtual groups in order to connect with their neighbors and learn about their neighborhoods. While our society's relationship with the idea of neighborhood has become more complicated as our conception of community has become more liberated and less rooted in place, many Americans still want - and benefit from - relationships they form with people they live near. This thesis uses social capital as a lens to investigate whether place-based virtual groups may be supporting community and neighbor social networks in neighborhoods. It focuses on four dimensions of social capital in particular: sense of community. neighboring, citizen participation / civic engagement, and collective efficacy. The author looked at four place-based virtual groups-three neighborhood email discussion lists and one neighborhood Facebook Group-in the San Francisco Bay Area. She interviewed members of the virtual groups and reviewed content from the groups' archives, looking for evidence that the groups were supporting the development of social capital for the individuals who participated in them. This thesis analyzes the experiences of individuals in the groups, assesses each group with respect to how it seems to be supporting the development of social capital, and presents lessons for planners interested in increasing social capital or building community in neighborhoods. The author found evidence that each of the four place-based virtual groups did seem to support the development of sense of community, neighboring, and civic engagement, and that they had the potential to support the development of collective efficacy. However, she also found a lot of variation among the different groups., and the results raise interesting questions about what circumstances might be required to bring about place-based virtual groups that strongly encourage all dimensions of social capital.
by Maryann Hulsman.
M.C.P.
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Flanery, Trevor H. "Planning Local and Regional Development: Exploring Network Signal, Sites, and Economic Opportunity Dynamics." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82907.
Full textAbstract:
Urban development planning efforts are challenged to enhance coevolving spatial and socioeconomic systems that exist and interact at multiple scales. While network and simulation sciences have created new tools and theories suitable for urban studies, models of development are not yet suitable for local and regional development planning. A case study of the City of Roanoke, Virginia, grounded network development theories of scaling, engagement, and collective perception function, as well as network forms. By advancing urban development network theory, frameworks for urban simulation like agent-based models take more coherent shape. This in turn better positions decision-making and planning practitioners to adapt, transform, or renew local network-oriented development systems, and conceptualize a framework for computational urban development planning for regions and localities.Ph. D.