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Books on the topic 'Local steroid'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Winfield, J. Intra-articular injections using steroid and local anaesthetic. Audio Visual and Television Centre, University of Sheffield, 1988.

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2

Winfield, J. Soft tissue injections using steroid and local anaesthetic. Audio Visual and Television Centre, University of Sheffield, 1988.

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3

Malik, Ahmad K., and Aresh Hashemi-Nejad. Surgical options excluding total hip replacement for hip pain. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.007009.

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♦ Intra-articular steroid and local anaesthetic♦ Soft tissue releases♦ Synovectomy• Open• Arthroscopically♦ Acetabular osteotomy• Bernese periacetabular osteotomy• Triple• Dial• Chiari• Shelf♦ Femoral osteotomy• Varus• Valgus♦ Hip arthroscopy♦ Open surgical dislocation of the hip♦ Hip arthrodesis

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4

van Eerd, Maarten, Arno Lataster, and Maarten van Kleef. Cervical Facet Nerve Block and Radio Frequency Ablation: Fluoroscopy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199908004.003.0007.

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In the cervical spinal column local anesthetic can be injected intra-articularly or adjacent to the ramus medialis (medial branch) of the ramus dorsalis of the segmental nerve. Nerve blocks of the ramus medialis are preferred to an intra-articular block, because it is sometimes technically difficult to position a needle into the facet joint. These procedures are typically performed under fluoroscopy, but there are increasing numbers of studies that describe these procedures with the help of ultrasound. Reports regarding the effects of intra-articular (steroid) injections are limited. There are

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5

Herman, Mira, Amaresh Vydyanathan, and Allan L. Brook. Sacroiliac Joint Injections: Computed Tomography. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199908004.003.0039.

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Sacroiliac (SI) joint disease is a common cause of low back pain. It is not easily diagnosed by physical examination, as the joint has limited mobility and referral patterns are not sufficiently delineated from other pathological conditions implicated in low back pain. The accuracy of provocative testing of the sacroiliac joint is controversial. Many physicians use injection of the SI joint with local anesthetic and/or steroid as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool in treating SI joint–related pain. Historically, SI joint intra-articular injections have been performed without imaging guidance. I

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6

Platt, Philip, and Ismael Atchia. Injection therapy. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0087.

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Joint and soft tissue injections with glucocorticoids and other agents remain a critical aspect of the management of musculoskeletal conditions. Injection therapy has previously consisted mainly of glucocorticoid and local anaesthetic, but other agents such as hyaluronic acid, radioactive agents, plasma-rich products, and biologics have also been introduced in the practice of musculoskeletal clinicians. Overall glucocorticoid injection remains the most widely performed procedure, and is an effective treatment for an inflamed joint or soft tissue. This procedure has been widely used for at leas

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7

Rudwaleit, Martin. Enthesitis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0054.

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Enthesitis is one of the key manifestations of spondyloarthritides (SpA) including ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis. Enthesitis can occur alone or in combination with peripheral arthritis, sacroiliitis, or spondylitis. The inflammatory process is typically located at the insertion of the enthesis or ligament to bone, often resulting in osteitis as well. Because of its anatomical and functional complexity the term 'enthesis organ' has been coined. Biomechanical stress applied to the enthesis seems to play an important role for the occurrence of enthesitis in genetically predi

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Rudwaleit, Martin. Enthesitis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0054_update_002.

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Enthesitis is one of the key manifestations of spondyloarthritis (SpA) including ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis. Enthesitis can occur alone or in combination with peripheral arthritis, sacroiliitis, or spondylitis. The inflammatory process is typically located at the insertion of the enthesis or ligament to bone, often resulting in osteitis as well. Because of its anatomical and functional complexity the term ’enthesis organ’ has been coined. Biomechanical stress applied to the enthesis seems to play an important role for the occurrence of enthesitis in genetically predisp

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9

Agarwal, Anil, Neil Borley, and Greg McLatchie. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199608911.003.0011.

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In this chapter on plastic and reconstructive surgery, the reconstructive ladder is introduced. Debridement of a complex wound, burns, and infected collection in hand are described. Steps of taking a split-skin graft, harvesting a full-thickness skin graft (FTSG), excision of malignant skin lesion and ganglion, tendon repair, nerve and tendon graft harvest, local skin flap, nail bed repair, repair of digital nerve and lip laceration, trigger digit repair, use of Z plasty, digital terminalization, reduction and fixation of hand fracture, insertion of tissue expander, execution of fasciocutaneou

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10

Grami, Vahid, Salim M. Hayek, and Samer N. Narouze. Lumbar Transforaminal and Nerve Root Injections: Fluoroscopy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199908004.003.0016.

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The transforaminal approach, compared with the interlaminar approach, allows injectate delivery directly at the target nerve root, placing greater amounts of medication at the location of the suspected pathology. The utility of selective nerve root injections includes blocking with local anesthetics specific nerve roots suspected of transmitting radicular symptoms. These diagnostic radicular blocks are often used for presurgical planning. The fluoroscopic-guided lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injection approaches mentioned in this chapter have been described to safely and effectively d

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11

Waters, Janet. Weakness in the Hand of a Woman During Pregnancy. Edited by Angela O’Neal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190609917.003.0023.

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Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common neuropathy experienced by pregnant women. It has an incidence of 3.4% in the general population in the United States. It occurs more frequently in pregnant women than in the general population, with an incidence of 17%. It is the most common mononeuropathy in pregnant women. This chapter covers the symptoms and signs that allow a clinician to make the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. Neuroanatomy and physiological changes that predispose pregnant women to this disorder are described. Management and prognosis of carpal tunnel syndrome in pregnancy a

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12

Costandi, Shrif, Youssef Saweris, Michael Kot, and Nagy Mekhail. Thoracic Facet Nerve Block: Fluoroscopy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199908004.003.0015.

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The benefit of intra-articular local anaesthetic and steroid injections for the diagnosis and treatment of facet joint pain is controversial. Thoracic facet medial branch blocks are mainly used to confirm the diagnosis of thoracic facet arthropathy. Anatomic variability is blamed for failed treatments. Conventionally, thermal radiofrequency (RF) has been used to denervate thoracic facet joints. Cooled radiofrequency ablation (c-RFA) of the thoracic medial branch is emerging as a novel promising technique that provides relatively larger lesions that could compensate for the anatomic variation o

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13

McClenahan, Maureen F., and William Beckman. Pain Management Techniques. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190217518.003.0011.

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This chapter provides a broad review of various interventional pain management procedures with a focus on indications, anatomy, and complications. Specific techniques reviewed include transforaminal epidural steroid injection, lumbar sympathetic block, stellate ganglion block, cervical and lumbar radiofrequency ablation, gasserian ganglion block, sacroiliac joint injection, celiac plexus block, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block, ilioinguinal block, lumbar medial branch block, obturator nerve block, ankle block, occipital nerve block, superior hypogastric plexus block, spinal cord stimulati

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14

Bolash, Robert B., and Kenneth B. Chapman. Piriformis Muscle Injections: Fluoroscopy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199908004.003.0046.

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Piriformis syndrome is an entrapment neuropathy caused by compression or irritation of the sciatic nerve as it courses in proximity to the piriformis muscle. Conservative treatment modalities for piriformis syndrome include the use of anti-inflammatory analgesic medications or muscle relaxants. Physical therapy is often employed to correct the abnormal pelvic biomechanics and focus on stretching the piriformis muscle. Prior to proceeding with invasive surgical approaches, this chapter advocates the use of piriformis muscle injection. The technique both confirms the diagnosis and offers therape

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15

Dirzu, Dan, Ovidiu Palea, and Sarah Choxi. Postoperative Abdominal Wall Pain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190271787.003.0028.

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Abdominal pain accounts for almost 1.5% of office visits and nearly 5% of emergency department admissions each year in the United States. In 2% to 3% of patients with chronic abdominal pain, the pain arises from the abdominal wall. Postoperative abdominal wall pain is chronic, unremitting pain unaffected by eating or bowel function but exacerbated by postural change. A localized, tender trigger point can be identified, although pain may radiate over a diffuse area of the abdomen. Thorough history and physical examination can distinguish abdominal wall pain from visceral intra-abdominal pain. A

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16

Rudwaleit, Martin, and Atul Deodhar. Diagnosis, classification, and management of peripheral spondyloarthritis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198734444.003.0004.

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Spondyloarthritis (SpA) can affect the axial skeleton (axSpA) but also manifest as peripheral arthritis, enthesitis, and dactylitis (peripheral SpA). Peripheral SpA can occur after bacterial infections (reactive arthritis) or be associated with psoriasis or inflammatory bowel disease. The arthritis is usually asymmetric, affects predominantly the lower extremity, and can be self-limiting but can also run a chronic course. The frequency of HLA-B27 is around 50% in purely peripheral SpA, while it is 70–90% in axSpA. For classification, the Amor, ESSG, or more recent ASAS criteria for peripheral

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17

Narouze, Samer N. Atlanto-Axial Joint Injection: Ultrasound. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199908004.003.0011.

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The atlanto-axial joint accounts for up to 16% of patients with occipital headache. Distending the lateral atlanto-axial joint with contrast agent produces occipital pain, and injection of local anesthetic into the joint relieves the headache. The clinical presentation of atlanto-axial joint pain is not specific and therefore cannot be used alone to establish the diagnosis. The only means of establishing a definite diagnosis is a diagnostic block with intra-articular injection of local anesthetic. Intra-articular steroids are effective in short-term relief of pain originating from the lateral

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18

Otis, James A. D. Non-Opioid Pharmacotherapies for Chronic Pain (DRAFT). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265366.003.0015.

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The objective of chapter 15 is to describe analgesic approaches to chronic pain, excluding opioids. As such, it emphasizes, first, the available pharmacotherapies; and then procedures. The pharmacotherapies divide into analgesics, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); adjuvant analgesics, such as tricyclic antidepressants and anticonvulsants; oral anesthetic agents (cardiotropics); adrenergic agonists; topical agents such as capsaicin and local anesthetic solutions and ointments; and muscle relaxants such as cyclobenzaprine, tizanidine, and baclofen. Interventions include man

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19

Kainth, Daraspreet Singh, Karanpal Singh Dhaliwal, and David W. Polly. Sacroiliac Joint Fusion: Percutaneous and Open. Edited by Mehul J. Desai. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199350940.003.0020.

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Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) pain is the source of back pain in up to 25% of patients presenting with back pain. There is significant individual variation in the anatomy of the sacrum and the lumbosacral junction. SIJ pain is diagnosed with the history and physical examination. SIJ injection of a local anesthetic along with steroids is often used to confirm the diagnosis. Nonoperative treatment includes nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, physical therapy, joint manipulation therapies, and SIJ injections. SIJ pain can also be successfully treated with radiofrequency ablation in some patients. Surgical

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20

Devlin, Hugh, and Rebecca Craven. Central nervous system. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759782.003.0012.

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The central nervous system (CNS) in relation to dentistry is the topic of this chapter. Nerve conduction is described, then the physiology of facial and dental pain and processing of afferent pain nerve impulses in the cerebral cortex. We discuss abnormal sensations of allodynia and paraesthesia. Pain control with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or paracetamol is explained. The function of the cranial nerves and the autonomic nervous system are described. We explain the nerve pathways involved in salivation, lachrymation, and taste sensation. We propose some techniques for treating the n

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21

Abhishek, Abhishek, Adrian Jones, and Michael Doherty. Topical pharmacological treatments. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0028.

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Topical pharmacological agents such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and capsaicin are widely recommended as first-line analgesics in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee, hand, and potentially other peripheral joints in view of their safety and efficacy. Although initial studies were short in duration (2–4 weeks), recent randomized controlled trials have confirmed the efficacy of topical NSAIDs over longer (12-week) study periods. Systematic reviews demonstrate that their efficacy can be equivalent to oral NSAIDs for OA pain, but they have a significantly better s

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22

Patel, Mayur B., and Pratik P. Pandharipande. Analgesics in critical illness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0043.

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Analgesia is a critical component of intensive care unit (ICU) care. Accordingly, understanding the mechanism, physiological consequences, and assessment of pain is important when caring for the ICU patient. Non-pharmacological approaches should be attempted before supplementing analgesia with pharmacological agents. Pharmacologically-based therapies are divided into regional and systemic therapies. Regional analgesic therapies target specific areas of the body while limiting the systemic effects of intravenous analgesics, but at the risk of invasiveness, local anaesthetic toxicity, and infect

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23

Felquer, Laura Acosta, and Enrique R. Soriano. Approach to management and symptomatic (including non-pharmacologic) management of psoriatic arthritis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198737582.003.0027.

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Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a heterogenous disease with multiple manifestations and comorbidities, and requires a collaborative management with other specialists. The major symptoms bordering patients are pain stiffness, and swelling, but fatigue, depression, embarrassment and fear are frequent and not always assessed by treating physicians. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and local glucocorticosteroid injections remain important treatment options that should be used, although with caution, in the appropriate patient. Since the pre-biologic era, physical therapy has been part of non-pha

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24

Abhishek, Abhishek, and Michael Doherty. Treatment of calcium pyrophosphate deposition. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0052.

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The treatment of calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition (CPPD) is mainly symptomatic. Acute calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystal synovitis should be treated with rest, local application of ice packs, joint aspiration, and/or intra-articular corticosteroid injection (once joint sepsis has been excluded). Oral colchicine or prednisolone may be used if joint aspiration and/or injection are not feasible. Anti-inflammatory agents (with proton pump inhibitors) may be used but in general these should be avoided as most patients with acute CPP crystal arthritis are elderly, and at a high risk of gast

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25

Roddy, Edward, and Michael Doherty. Calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition (CPPD). Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0142.

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Calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition (CPPD) in articular cartilage is a common age-related phenomenon. Recent important advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of pyrophosphate metabolism include the identification of a mutation within the ANK gene which associates with familial CPPD, and elucidation of the interleukin-1β‎ (IL-1β‎)-dependent mechanisms by which crystals invoke an inflammatory response. Risk factors for CPPD include age, prior joint damage and osteoarthritis, genetic factors, and occasionally metabolic diseases (hyperparathyroidism, haemochromatosis, hypomagnes

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26

Injection Techniques in Musculoskeletal Medicine (with PAGEBURST Access): A Practical Manual for Clinicians in Primary and Secondary Care. Churchill Livingstone, 2011.

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27

Jakobsson, Jan. Anaesthesia for day-stay surgery. Edited by Philip M. Hopkins. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0068.

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Day-stay surgery is becoming increasingly common the world over. There are several benefits of avoiding in-hospital care. Early ambulation reduces the risk for thromboembolic events, facilitates wound healing, and avoiding admission reduces the risk for hospital-related infection. Additionally, the risk of neurocognitive side-effects can be avoided by returning the elderly patient to their home environment. Day-stay anaesthesia calls for adequate and structured preoperative assessment and patient evaluation, and the potential risk associated with surgery and anaesthesia should be assessed on a

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