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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Local stressors'

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1

Wilson, Ashley A. "SENSORY STRESSORS IMPACT SPECIES RESPONSES ACROSS LOCAL AND CONTINENTAL SCALES." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2020. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2224.

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Pervasive growth in industrialization and advances in technology now exposes much of the world to anthropogenic night light and noise (ANLN), which pose a global environmental challenge in terrestrial environments. An estimated one-tenth of the planet’s land area experiences artificial light at night — and that rises to 23% if skyglow is included. Moreover, anthropogenic noise is associated with urban development and transportation networks, as the ecological impact of roads alone is estimated to affect one-fifth of the total land cover of the United States and is increasing in space and inten
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Mancuso, Francesco Paolo <1982&gt. "Effects of Local and Global Stressors on the Status and Future Persistence of Intertidal Canopy-Forming Algae." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7638/1/Tesi_MANCUSO_FP.pdf.

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Canopy-forming seaweeds are worldwide disappearing due to the combined effects of human activities and climate instabilities. Identifying the type and strength of interactions between multiple anthropogenic and natural stressors can help setting achievable management targets for degraded ecosystems and support ecological resilience through local actions. This thesis aimed to understand how algal forests change from extensive to degraded, and what factors can enhance the ability of forests to withstand or recover from stressors. I contributed to a systematic review to infer potential important
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Mancuso, Francesco Paolo <1982&gt. "Effects of Local and Global Stressors on the Status and Future Persistence of Intertidal Canopy-Forming Algae." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7638/.

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Canopy-forming seaweeds are worldwide disappearing due to the combined effects of human activities and climate instabilities. Identifying the type and strength of interactions between multiple anthropogenic and natural stressors can help setting achievable management targets for degraded ecosystems and support ecological resilience through local actions. This thesis aimed to understand how algal forests change from extensive to degraded, and what factors can enhance the ability of forests to withstand or recover from stressors. I contributed to a systematic review to infer potential important
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Miró, Pastó Alexandre. "Fish as local stressors of Pyrenean high mountain lakes: Arrival process and impact on amphibians and other organisms." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/384835.

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Pyrenean high mountain lakes are naturally fishless due to natural barriers that have prevented the natural colonisation of fish species from lower streams. However, there have been numerous trout introductions to such ecosystems, both in historical and recent periods. Differing from other high mountain regions, some high mountain lakes of the Pyrenees were exploited traditionally for trout cultivation. This activity started at least centuries ago and lasted until 1950s, affecting approximately 25% of the lakes. Since 1950, and similar to other high mountain regions, a wave of modern introduct
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Meyer, Friedrich W. [Verfasser], Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Wild, and Andreas [Gutachter] Kunzmann. "The physiology of coral reef calcifiers under local and global stressors / Friedrich W. Meyer. Betreuer: Christian Wild. Gutachter: Christian Wild ; Andreas Kunzmann." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1106374665/34.

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Ontoria, Gómez Yaiza. "Seagrass responses to climate change: effects of warming and the interaction with local stressors = Respuestas de las angiospermas marinas al cambio climático: efectos del calentamiento y la interacción con estresores locales." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669000.

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Coastal ecosystems are highly threatened worldwide by multiple anthropogenic stressors that act at a range of spatial scales, from local to the global, and adversely affect their ecological functions and associated biodiversity. Global warming is one of the most pervasive stressors, and the assessment of how the species (or other levels of biological organization) react to it is an urgent need in a rapidly warming world. Moreover, thermal stress rarely acts in isolation from other stressors. The potential synergies among global warming and local stressors is of particular concern in what it re
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Clarin, Mattias. "High strength steel : local buckling and residual stresses." Licentiate thesis, Luleå, 2004. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1757/2004/054.

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Caceres, Arsenio. "Local damage analysis of fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1998. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=328.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 1998.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 107 p. : ill. (some col.) Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-107).
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9

Fourney, Francesca. "Natural vs. Anthropogenic Sedimentation: Does Reducing a Local Stressor Increase Coral Resilience to Climate Change?" NSUWorks, 2015. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/400.

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Corals face serious worldwide population declines due to global climate change in combination with direct anthropogenic impacts. Global climate change is difficult to manage locally, but policy makers can regulate the magnitude of local stressors affecting reefs. The objective of this experiment is to investigate if reducing sedimentation will enable reef corals to better endure global climate change. It has been shown that some coral species can handle climate change stress when provided with additional energy resources. Here I tested if the capacity of corals to cope with climate change can
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Sidane, Djoudi. "Etude par microscopie électrochimique (SECM) de la réactivité d'une surface métallique hétérogène passivée : effet de la contrainte mécanique et thermomécanique." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14487/document.

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Les phénomènes de corrosion localisée observés sur les matériaux passifs, largement utilisés dans l’industrie et le transport, résultent de la présence d’hétérogénéités microstructurales et de l’effet des sollicitations mécaniques et thermomécaniques. C’est pourquoi la caractérisation et la compréhension des processus réactionnels nécessitent l’utilisation de techniques d’investigation locales. La microscopie électrochimique à balayage (SECM), technique récente, a été utilisée dans différentes situations. Dans un premier temps, des essais permettant de visualiser les sites d’amorçage des piqûr
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Hopkins, Gareth Rowland. "Salt and the Rough-skinned Newt (Taricha granulosa): Evolutionary Investigations of Local Adaptation to an Anthropogenic and Natural Stressor." DigitalCommons@USU, 2015. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4496.

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Amphibians are osmotically-challenged due to their highly permeable skin and egg membranes. As such, biologists have mostly ignored their occurrence in saline habitats. The goal of this dissertation was to investigate the ability of amphibians to adapt to inhabit these osmotically-stressful environments. As freshwater resources are increasingly salinized due to a combination of anthropogenic and natural stressors, including road-deicing salt application, coastal storm events, and sea-level rise, it is important to understand the abilities and constraints of sensitive organisms, like amphibians
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12

Kim, Yu Shin. "Correlation Between MMP-2 and -9 Levels and Local Stresses in Arteries Using a Heterogeneous Mechanical Model." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16134.

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The mechanical environment influences vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) functions related to the vascular remodeling. However, the relationships are not appropriately addressed by most mechanical models of arteries assuming homogeneity. Accounting for the effects of heterogeneity is expected to be important to our understanding of VSMC functions. We hypothesized that local stresses computed using a heterogeneous mechanical model of arteries positively correlate to the levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 in situ. We developed a mathematical model of an arterial wall accounting fo
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Huynh, Le Anh Thi. "Strength and Behaviour of Cold-rolled Aluminium Sections." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21549.

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This thesis presents a comprehensive study on the strength and the behaviour of cold-rolled aluminium sections in compression and bending. The first step of the research project focused on the investigation of mechanical properties and residual stresses in cold-rolled aluminium channel sections. Subsequently, both experimental and numerical investigations were performed to investigate the behaviour and sectional capacities. Finally, design rules based on the Direct Strength Method for cold-rolled aluminium columns and beams were proposed in this thesis. The experimental study encompassed three
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Dominguez, Zachary. "Development of a novel organ culture system allowing independent control of local mechanical variables and its implementation in studying the effects of axial stress on arterial remodeling." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26531.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.<br>Committee Chair: Vito, Raymond; Committee Member: Gleason, Rudolph; Committee Member: Rachev, Alexander. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Liu, Xiongjie. "Développement de la caractérisation du comportement local à haute température des alliages métalliques par micro indentation." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2326/document.

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Au cours des deux dernières décennies, l'essai d'indentation à haute température a été développé progressivement afin de satisfaire aux exigences industrielles de plus en plus importantes. Pour garantir un bon niveau de précision des mesures, il faut résoudre les problèmes notamment associés à la température élevée tels que le choix du matériau de la pointe, la stabilité thermique du système, la conception du chauffage, etc. Cette thèse s'inscrit dans la problématique du développement de la méthodologie de l'essai d'indentation à haute température pour caractériser les matériaux métalliques. U
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16

Ferré, Romain. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation de la durabilité d'un contact représentatif de l'interface aube / disque de soufflante grenaillé soumis à des chargements de fretting / fatigue / usure." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECDL0012.

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Ce travail porte sur l’étude du risque d’amorçage de fissure en fretting/fatigue du contact aubes/disque de soufflante en alliage de titane Ti-6Al-4V d’un turboréacteur civil. De part les vibrations du moteur et le passage du flux d’air, le contact aube/disque est sujet à de microdéplacements: le fretting. Ce problème complexe concerne des zones en contact de faibles dimensions subissant des pressions de contact importantes et des micro-déplacements associées à des structures soumises à des chargements eux-mêmes complexes. Des essais de fretting simple, fretting précontraint et fretting fatigu
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17

Mahaarachchi, Dhammika. "Behaviour and design of profiled steel cladding systems subject to pull-through failures." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2003. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15875/1/Dhammika_Mahaarachchi_Thesis.pdf.

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The common profiled steel cladding systems used in Australia and its neighboring countries are made of very thin (0.42 mm) high strength steel (G550 with a minimum yield stress of 550 MPa) and are crest-fixed. However, these claddings often suffer from local pull-through failures at their screw connections during high wind events such as storms and cyclones. Past experience and researches have shown that the loss of steel roofs has often occurred due to local pull-through failures of their screw connections under uplift or suction loading. Loss of claddings always led to a progressive collapse
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18

Mahaarachchi, Dhammika. "Behaviour and Design of Profiled Steel Cladding Systems Subject to Pull-through Failures." Queensland University of Technology, 2003. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15875/.

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The common profiled steel cladding systems used in Australia and its neighboring countries are made of very thin (0.42 mm) high strength steel (G550 with a minimum yield stress of 550 MPa) and are crest-fixed. However, these claddings often suffer from local pull-through failures at their screw connections during high wind events such as storms and cyclones. Past experience and researches have shown that the loss of steel roofs has often occurred due to local pull-through failures of their screw connections under uplift or suction loading. Loss of claddings always led to a progressive collapse
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19

Horký, Lukáš. "Kotle na spalování biomasy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227924.

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The topic of this thesis is the calculation of the steam-boiler on biomass. This thesis deals with stoichiometry, the calculation of enthalpies of combustion gas, the heat balance of the boiler and the results in fixing the efficiency of the boiler, the calculation of fire and the balance heat calculation of component parts of the boiler. Onward follow detailed calculations of particular heating surfaces. The output parametres are temperature, pressure and the amount of steam.
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20

Slemp, Wesley Campbell Hop. "Integrated Sinc Method for Composite and Hybrid Structures." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77111.

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Composite materials and hybrid materials such as fiber-metal laminates, and functionally graded materials are increasingly common in application in aerospace structures. However, adhesive bonding of dissimilar materials makes these materials susceptible to delamination. The use of integrated Sinc methods for predicting interlaminar failure in laminated composites and hybrid material systems was examined. Because the Sinc methods first approximate the highest-order derivative in the governing equation, the in-plane derivatives of in-plane strain needed to obtain interlaminar stresses by integra
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21

Kasimoglu, Ismail Hakki. "Estimation of a Coronary Vessel Wall Deformation with High-Frequency Ultrasound Elastography." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19762.

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Elastography, which is based on applying pressure and estimating the resulting deformation, involves the forward problem to obtain the strain distributions and inverse problem to construct the elastic distributions consistent with the obtained strains on observation points. This thesis focuses on the former problem whose solution is used as an input to the latter problem. The aim is to provide the inverse problem community with accurate strain estimates of a coronary artery vessel wall. In doing so, a new ultrasonic image-based elastography approach is developed. Because the accuracy and quali
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22

Maucieri, Dominique. "Impacts of local and global stressors on coral biodiversity." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/13353.

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Global biodiversity losses are being driven by human actions, and coral reef communities are not immune. Local anthropogenic stress and global climate change are rapidly changing coral reefs, through coral bleaching and mortality. How these stressors impact the biodiversity and community structure of corals on tropical reefs will not only affect the communities of fish and invertebrates that rely on coral reefs, but they could have lasting impacts on ecosystem functioning. The record-breaking marine heatwave caused by the 2015/2016 El Niño was superimposed on a strong local human disturbance g
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McDevitt-Irwin, Jamie. "The unseen world of coral reefs: impact of local and global stressors on coral microbiome community structure." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/8059.

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Diverse and abundant coral associated microbial communities may play a key role in coral resistance to and recovery from unwavering stressors currently threatening coral reefs worldwide. The composition and structure of the coral microbiome is integral to coral health as microbes can play beneficial (e.g. nutritional or protective) or negative (e.g. pathogenic or opportunistic) roles in the coral. To review the impacts of stressors on the coral microbiome, I compiled data from 39 studies, each tracking microbial community shifts in corals experiencing stress from climate change, pollution or
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24

Jelks, Na'Taki Osborne. "Combined Environmental and Social Stressors in Northwest Atlanta's Proctor Creek Watershed: An Exploration of Expert Data and Local Knowledge." 2016. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/sph_diss/9.

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Environmental justice communities, those disproportionately affected by pollutants, are simultaneously exposed to multiple environmental stressors and also experience social and cultural factors that may heighten their health risks in comparison to other communities. In addition to being more susceptible to toxic exposures and being exposed to more toxins, such communities may have weakened abilities to combat or rebound from such exposures. Many communities that are overburdened by environmental exposures reject traditional risk assessment approaches that solely consider the effects of single
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Macaulay, Fiona. "Cycles of Police Reform in Latin America." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7162.

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yes<br>Over the last quarter century post-conflict and post-authoritarian transitions in Latin America have been accompanied by a surge in social violence, acquisitive crime, and insecurity. These phenomena have been driven by an expanding international narcotics trade, by the long-term effects of civil war and counter-insurgency (resulting in, inter alia, an increased availability of small arms and a pervasive grammar of violence), and by structural stresses on society (unemployment, hyper-inflation, widening income inequality). Local police forces proved to be generally ineffective in preven
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