Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Localisation par satellites, Systèmes de'
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Jardak, Nabil. "Localisation en zones de non-couverture des systèmes de radionavigation par satellites à base de répéteurs GNSS." Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TELE0027.
Full textThe indoor localisation systems are increasingly needed in supporting future Location Based Services (LBS). This thesis deals with the indoor positioning system based on GNSS repeaters. This system is based on the use of four repeaters which transmit the GNSS signals collected by an outdoor antenna indoors, in a time multiplexing mode. The positioning is based on the code phase jumps produced at the instant of the signal transition between two repeaters. This phase jumps mainly suffer from two error sources: thermal noise and multipath. Therefore, this thesis develops theoretical aspects of the system of repeaters and proposes innovative techniques to reduce the effect of the error sources on the phase jumps. The open loop technique was proposed to reduce the effect of thermal noise on the phase jumps based on the statistical properties of the noise. It implements an open code loop aided by the phase loop. Practical results showed a significant improvement in the phase jump measurement quality. The SMICL (Short Multipath Insensitive Code Loop) technique implements a code loop discriminator insensitive to multipath having relative delays lower than 0. 5 chip, typical of indoor environments. It dramatically improves the code phase measurements in the presence of multipath (maximum error between 1 and 2 m). Another multipath mitigation technique, the MIDLL (Multipath insensitive delay lock loop), is presented. The MIDLL is based on the fact that the code discriminator has an invariant point when it is suitably normalized. This technique outperforms the existing multipath mitigation techniques both in terms of simplicity of implementation in current receivers and precision (maximum error between 1 and 2 m, too). The SxPRCT (Subcarrier x PRN Reference Code Technique) filters medium and long multipaths by using a reference replica which is the product between the PRN code and a square subcarrier. The SxPRCT yields excellent results. The MIDLL and the SxPRCT were developed for the outdoor positioning using the GPS, as is the case of the SMICL but to a lesser extent. These techniques were adapted to the case of the system of repeaters. Moreover, the MIDLL has successfully been applied to the Galileo open service codes on E1. These techniques allow the repeaters based system to reach its theoretical accuracy namely indoor positioning in the range 2 meters
Cousin, Jean-Christophe. "Interférométrie micro onde en milieu confiné : application à la localisation." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-341.pdf.
Full textPeyraud, Sébastien. "Localisation 3D de mobile en milieu urbain par fusion d’informations satellitaires, proprioceptives et cartographiques." Limoges, 2012. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/1bba77a7-475c-406c-83b3-f9c39f532397/blobholder:0/2012LIMO4026.pdf.
Full textThis work joins in the search for the control of land mobiles localization by using jointly informations outcomes from satellite constellations, from Geographical Information Systems and from vehicle motion sensors. It is characterized: -by a description of the environment in 3 dimensions (generally restricted to the 2 dimensions of a flat world). The localization consists then in estimating a 6 dimensional configuration vector instead of 3 in a flat world. This concern allows in particular to consider if, because of the occultation by buildings, satellites are in direct view or not. -by the joint use of raw satellite informations to cartographic data and to proprioceptive measurements, designated by the concept of tight coupling. The tight coupling allows to benefit from situations where the receiver receives information of few satellites as it is the case in urban environments where the sky visibility is restricted. -by the joint use of estimation algorithms based on stochastic (Kalman filtering) or set-membership models of uncertainties. -by the experimentation of the proposed methods on real data sets. In particular, the data processing of the final demonstration of the CityVIP project (ANR-07-TSFA-013-01 ), realized in Paris, brings a lot of credibility to the proposed methods. The presented results establish a technological brick in the constitution of Individual Vehicles Public (VIP). This approach by technological brick was motivated by the fact that this thesis synthesizes a set of works carried out in the CityVIP project
Balland, Pierre-Alexandre. "Proximity and the structure of knowledge networks : evidence from the GNSS industry." Toulouse 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU10010.
Full textLa thèse propose non seulement de s'intéresser à la proximité géographique entre les acteurs et à la concentration spatiale des activités d'innovation, mais aussi d'analyser les caractéristiques des principaux vecteurs de création et de diffusion des connaissances. Ainsi, nous nous focalisons sur les relations que les acteurs développent pour accéder à de la connaissance externe, dans les clusters comme dans des domaines technologiques plus larges. Plus précisément, nous analysons comment différentes formes de proximité influencent la structure des réseaux de connaissance. La thèse propose des développements théoriques et des études empiriques basées sur un domaine technologique nouveau et particulier : les systèmes globaux de navigation par satellites (GNSS) en Europe. En combinant une approche en termes de proximité avec des théories et des modèles d'analyse de réseau, nous étudions l'influence de la proximité sur la structure locale des réseaux de connaissance dans le cluster GNSS en Midi-Pyrénées, mais aussi sur leur structure globale en Europe. L'articulation complexe entre les dimensions géographique, cognitive et structurelle est dévoilée, tandis que la modélisation statistique de la dynamique du réseau de connaissance global permet d'isoler et d'évaluer l'influence de la proximité géographique, cognitive, sociale, organisationnelle et institutionnelle. Le résultat principal est que la structure des réseaux de connaissance n'est pas seulement influence par la proximité géographique, mais aussi par d'autres formes de proximité. Ce résultat apporte de nouveaux éclairages sur l'organisation spatiale des activités innovantes en économie géographique
Rabemanantsoa, Josh. "Conception d'antennes hélices quadrifilaires imprimées compactes et bibandes pour les systèmes de communication par satellite." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S049.
Full textThe increasing availability of navigation systems like GPS (Global Positioning System) was used to flood the world market by a large number of new receivers combining good performance, small size and low power consumption. In addition, deployment of new European radio navigation system, Galileo, and its combination with GPS will allow the implementation of application more reliable high accuracy. Navigation systems generally require multi-band antennas compact circular polarization performance. Hemispherical coverage is also desirable for satellite communications in general and navigation in particular because the terminal must receive signals from any relay or satellite. Printed Quadrifilar Helical Antennas (PQHA), improved Resonant Quadrifilar Helical Antennas (RQHA) are attractive candidates for these satellite systems through their radio performance fulfilling the conditions mentioned above. However, two major handicaps that need to be remedied, limit the use of these antennas in mobile devices including : size (especially height) and the single-band operation. In this thesis, several antennas topologies HQI compact dual-band or multi-band are presented. They provide reports of resonant frequencies with adjustable rate reduction of up to 73 %. The proposed antennas allow stable radiation patterns at different frequencies of operation of GPS, L1/L2 or L1/L5 with a good compromise between adaptation, effectivenesse and quality of polarization
Laaraiedh, Mohamed. "Contributions on hybrid localization techniques for heterogeneous wireless networks." Rennes 1, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00624436.
Full textLes avancements récents dans les technologies sans fil ont vu l’émergence de techniques de localisation qui constitue une base utile et rentable pour offrir des nouveaux services. Ces services topo-dépendants ont été de plus en plus bénéfiques pour les opérateurs et les entreprises de télécommunications. Divers services topo-dépendants peuvent être offerts `a l’utilisateur tels que le suivi, la publicité, la sécurité, et la gestion. Les réseaux sans fil eux-mêmes peuvent bénéficier de l’information de localisation pour améliorer les performances de leurs différentes couches. Le routage, la synchronisation et l’annulation d’interférences sont quelques exemples o`u l’information de localisation peut être fructueuse. Un système de localisation doit être capable d’exécuter deux tâches principales : la mesure des paramètres topo-dépendants (RSSI, TOA, et TDOA) et l’estimation de la position en utilisant des estimateurs appropriés. L’objectif principal de cette thèse est l’étude de différentes techniques d’estimation de la position: algébriques et géométriques. Les techniques algébriques étudiées sont les moindres carrés, le maximum de vraisemblance, et la programmation semi-définie. La technique géométrique RGPA proposée est basée sur l’analyse par intervalles et la représentation géométrique des paramètres topo-dépendants. L’accent est mis sur la fusion de différents paramètres topo-dépendants et son influence sur la précision de positionnement. L’estimation et la mesure des paramètres topo-dépendants sont également étudiées en utilisant une campagne de mesures ULB afin d’avoir une compréhension complète du domaine de localisation
Laderrière, Cyril. "Etude et caractérisation d'un couplage entre signaux Ultra Large Bande et signaux GNSS pour la localisation." Valenciennes, 2009. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/a87e0e71-f3fa-4260-95f5-3d146d819b81.
Full textDespite last generation Navigation Satellite Systems receiver (GNSS) outstanding sensitivity enhancements, inherent GNSS system margins do not appear sufficient for proper operation down to deep indoor environments. In this framework, pervasive localization issues with seamless transition outdoors/indoors and high demanding accuracy is addressed by associating GNSS with the emerging radio technology named Ultra Wide-Band (UWB). Reminding both technologies involve their signals to be synchronized for multi-lateration purposes, this thesis assesses the opportunity to retrieve GNSS clock outdoors, to synchronize UWB localization signals indoors. Within the scope of a localization application, the UWB radio transmission design proposal is first optimized, taking into account the indoor propagation specificities, then considering regulatory requirements for unlicensed use of UWB in the 3,1 to 10,6 GHz range. The relevancy of such a coupling is then experimentally addressed, first, demonstrating how the GNSS clock can be locally recovered outdoors; then, evaluating the UWB receiver ability to recover this synchronization in an evolving selective fading indoor channel impacted, for instance, by moving people in the environment. Results of such a coupling characterization between GNSS and UWB signals are finally highlighted in a localization perspective, contributing to the system simulation and modelling
Tatkeu, Charles. "Faisabilité de la localisation de mobiles terrestres par radiogoniométrie et à l'aide d'un réseau de radiotéléphonie GSM." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-69.pdf.
Full textCes temps sont calculés par le réseau et transmis au mobile à chaque « Handover ». Deux procédés pour provoquer les Handovers ont été développés : soit à partir d'une antenne directive, soit par le brouillage intelligent des signaux. Pour le second capteur, le principe de la localisation repose sur la mesure des angles de gisement d'au moins trois émetteurs de radiodiffusion. Une étude de l'influence des phénomènes de propagation sur la précision des mesures angulaires a été réalisée dans des configurations géométriques simples dans les bandes de fréquences centrées sur 100, 475 et 900 MHz. Deux antennes spécifiques ont été considérées : une antenne à grand gain de type Yagi-Uda et une antenne dite « cardioïde ». Au vu des résultats, la bande de fréquences centrée sur 100 MHz a été choisie. En utilisant un radiogoniomètre Doppler, des méthodes de mesure et de traitement des valeurs d'angles sont proposées pour minimiser les erreurs angulaires dues aux trajets multiples des signaux. Nous concluons en présentant des pistes de travail et un début d'implémentation logicielle des deux techniques de localisation, en vue d'améliorer les performances du système final
Gobinddass, Marie-Line. "Etude des erreurs systématiques liées à la détermination du géocentre par les mesures DORIS." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2010. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01958535.
Full textDORIS is one of the far geodetic techniques (VLBI, SLR, GPS and DORIS)used by the IERS to maintain the International Terrestrial Reference System. These techniques allow the determination of the precise and regular positions of the 57 stations of the permanent network. The temporal evolution of these station coordinates allow us to access indirectly to the geocenter motion. One the objectives of the thesis is to characterize the systematic errors linked to the determination of the TZ geocenter translation. A frequency-time analysis of the geocenter time series DORIS/IGN (1993. 0 to 2008. 0) has pointed out the main peaks at 118 days an 1 year period (25 mm) while the annual signal obtained through the other geodetic techniques and those predicted by geophysical models are approximately 5 mm
Zedek, Florian. "Localisation de la déformation co-sismique par sondage ionosphérique multi-GNSS." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ5026.
Full textLarge subduction earthquakes, located in land-sea interface zones, generate the most destructive tsunamis. In areas with little protective equipment, such as Japan, the safety of populations relies entirely on preventive measures and effective tsunami warning systems, fed in real time by observation data. This thesis aims to contribute to the latter aspects. Conventional tsunami warning methods are based on remote sensing and seismic wave analysis for rapid estimation of the generating source parameters, namely the earthquake parameters. Initial assessments of the tsunami threat are ideally complemented by in-situ detection of the wave and measurement of its height by pressure sensors. Rapid, reliable information is critical for predicting the risk of flooding in coastal areas, both in near- and far-field.The presented research works aim at providing rapid, independent and inexpensive information to feed tsunami warning systems. Indeed, above the location where a tsunami is initiated by an earthquake, the sea-surface initial uplift produces an imprint in the ionosphere that can be monitored using GNSS technology. I am interested in assessing the tsunamigenic potential of an earthquake by locating the origin of the atmospheric disturbance. This manuscript focuses in particular on the acoustic disturbance revealed by GNSS sounding of the ionosphere, and develops a technique applicable to data collected by a single GNSS station. The networks of permanent GNSS stations deployed around the world thus make it possible to obtain opportunity measurements that do not require the development of dedicated infrastructures. By studying these signals and modeling an acoustic disturbance propagating towards the upper atmosphere, I show in this manuscript that observations from a relatively close (<500km) from the source, dual-frequency multi-GNSS station can be used to estimate the location of the disturbance's origin on the earth's surface. Finally, in the context of the rise of multi-GNSS station networks, I discuss the potential of this innovative method for tsunami warning
Fouque, Clément. "Apport des cartes routières navigables pour le positionnement par satellites des véhicules terrestres." Compiègne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010COMP1883.
Full textFor many intelligent transportation systems applications, the vehicle position is a key information. In this thesis, the use of navigable road-map for global positioning is investigated. Using a thigtly-coupled approach, the map can provided additionnal information in the computation. First, the geometrical information from the map is introduced in a standard GPS computation and in a Kalman filter approach to aid the global positioning. The experimental results shows that the map is able to compensate for the lack of intention due to satellites outages. It also illustrated the need of an effective road selection process. Finally, the problem of map-constraint positioning have been considered in a multi-hypothesis bayesian framework. The problem is stated as a hybrid state system involving continous and discrete states. Thus, the constrained positioning can be solved without a prior global location as illustrated results. In addition, this method allows the identification of ambigous area in spite of partial outages and map biases
Narayana, Keerthi. "Solutions for the localization of mobile mapping systems in structured environments." Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/61/79/85/PDF/Solutions_de_localisation_des_SystA_mes_Mobiles_de_Cartographie_en_environnements_structurA_s.pdf.
Full textAutomated localization is an important functionality for Mobile Mapping Systems (MMS). This thesis presents complimentary solutions to the current localization methods used in a terrestrial MMS, using GPS receivers and Inertial Measurement Units (IMU). A smoothing-based post-mission processing improves the 3D maps generated by MMS. However, this approach is still insufficient, when exposed to slowly varying input sensor errors. The thesis proposes an alternative localization method using 2D laser scanners. The proposed laser odometry approach uses planar landmarks in manmade environments, to detect and compute the transformation of the mobile platform. Unlike Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) technique, used in indoor robotic navigation, the relative 3D transformation is computed without using a map, but by exploiting the time invariant properties of the extracted features. A new Divide & Conquer (D&C) approach is proposed to simplify the computation, involving both transformation and Data Association
Yu, Lei. "Fingerprinting based techniques for indoor localization exploiting UWB signal properties." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S096.
Full textNowadays, wireless localization systems are considered as a potential technology for future services. Various techniques have been proposed for both indoor and outdoor localization systems. These techniques and systems allowed to conceive different LBSs. The two main processes a localization system must be able to do are the measurement of location-dependent parameters (RSSI, TOA,. . . ) and the estimation of position using different localization techniques. In this manuscript, the estimation and measurement of LDPs such as RSSI and TOA are investigated using a provided UWB measurements campaign. Four different TOA estimation techniques are proposed. RSSI based ranging techniques are also introduced. The main goal of this thesis is the study of fingerprinting based techniques for indoor localization. The neural networks technique is used to learn the fingerprinting database and to locate the targeted points. The construction of the neural networks and the adopted approaches are described. Both the pre-measured and the pre-simulated fingerprinting databases are established to be used in the fingerprinting techniques. Different fingerprints and different sizes of the database are utilized to evaluate the positioning performances. The MultiWall model is proposed to predict the RSSI fingerprint depending on the real propagation environment. An adaptation of the classic MultiWall model to take into account the effect of diffraction for the metallic furniture shows that it can improve the quality of positioning
Omri, Monia. "Les décharges clandestines de la plaine de Venise (Italie) : essai de localisation par télédétection." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010632.
Full textLegrand, Cyril. "Contribution à l'évaluation de la sécurité de systèmes de localisation ferroviaires basés sur les GNSS par la formalisation des concepts d'intégrité étendue." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10169/document.
Full textNowadays, GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) such as GPS are usually used in ground transportation systems for non-safety-relevant applications. In these situations, the quality of localisation information is not called into question. In the case of safety-related applications, the localisation service becomes critical in railway system. The standards (EN 50126, EN 50128 and EN 50129) require the determination of the degree of confidence that the user can be placed in the delivered service i.e. the RAMS analysis before putting into service of a new system. A GNSS-based localisation service suffers from accuracy variability linked to the different environmental configurations that a train crosses all along a mission. However, with hybridisation solutions and combination of actual technologies, the GNSS integration increasingly interests the railway actors in order to ameliorate the train control system replacing balises by an embedded solution. After a state-of-the-art on the railway localisation and existing RAMS methods, a sensibility and causal methodologies are done in order to determine which sensors architecture (with a GNSS receiver) is the best to meet the railway requirements. We propose a new approach for safety evaluation of the GNSS-based systems through the integrity attribute, GNSS performances attributes, extended to the hybridised systems and in railway domain. A safety evaluation is performed on chosen architecture during sensibility and causal analyses thanks to the previous proposed approach
Ndjeng, Ndjeng Alexandre. "Localisation robuste multi-capteurs et multi-modèles." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EVRY0013/document.
Full textMany research works have been devoted in the last years in order to provide an accurate and high integrity solution to the problem outdoor vehicles localization. These research efforts are mainly based on the probability estimation theory. They use multi-sensor fusion approach and a single-model based Kalman filtering, through some variants adapted to nonlinear systems. The single complex model that is used is assumed to describe the dynamics of the vehicle. We rather propose a multiple model approach in this thesis. The presented study derives from a modular analysis of the dynamics of the vehicle, ie the evolution of the vehicle is considered as a discrete process, which combines several simple models. Each model is dedicated to a particular manoeuvre of the vehicle. This evolution space discretizing will improves the system robustness to modelling defects. Our approach is a variant of the IMM algorithm, which takes into account the asynchronism of the embedded sensors. In order to achieve this goal, a new system constrained modelling is developed, which allows to update the various models likelihood even in absence of exteroceptive sensors. However, the performance of such a system requires the use of good quality data. Several operations are presented, illustrating the corrections on the sensors bias, measurements noise and taking into account the road bank angle. The developed methodology is validated through a comparison with the probabilistic fusion algorithms EKF, UKF, DD1, DD2 and particle filtering. This comparison is based on measurements of accuracy and confidence, then the use of statistical consistency and credibility measures, from simulation scenarios and then real data
Konlambigue, Kangbéni Djotiname. "Conception d'un système de localisation à l'intérieur de bâtiments par vision monoculaire embarquée." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR022.
Full textThis thesis aims at the design of an indoor localization system. Outdoors, the almost unavoidable localization system is GPS (Global Positionning System). By receiving signals from at least four satellites from the GPS network orbiting, a GPC receiver triangulates and estimates its position, whether on land, at sea or in the air. GPS makes it possible to determine the position of any receiver placed in visibility of the satellite network and the defect in this visibility generally leads to an erroneous or even impossible localization ; which is the case in indoor environment. The growing interest in navigation assistance services for people and goods in large indoor areas such as hospitals, airports and shopping malls for example has created the need for a reliable and functional tracking system for indoor environment. To respond to this problem, several solutions have been proposed. One of the most popular approaches to localization in indoor environment is that based on the WiFi network. By measuring the strength of the signals emitted by the various access points, this type of system is able to triangulate the position of a receiver. However, one of the main drawbacks of this approach is that it requires deploying a network of access points with the various known costs such as those related tosystem maintenance. In this thesis, the system we propose is based on computer vision. To be located, the user takes a photo of their surroundings and indexes a databasz of georeferenced images. This indexing consists in a comparison of features extracted from the different images using computer vision algorithms such as the SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) algorithm. In comparison with the WiFi system, we offer (almost) a pure software system, which does not require any deployment and therefore no maintenance costs
Macabiau, Christophe. "Étude de l'applicabilité des techniques de lever d'ambiguité de la mesure de phase GPS aux approches de précision." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT131H.
Full textThevenon, Paul. "Interface air pour systèmes de navigation en bande S : étude détaillée des signaux OFDM." Toulouse, ISAE, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01160197.
Full textSobehy, Abdallah. "Machine learning based localization in 5G." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAS012.
Full textLocalization is the process of determining the position of an entity in a local or global coordinate system. The applications of localization are widely spread across different contexts. For instance, in events, tracking the participants can save lives during crises. In health-care, elderly people can be tracked to respond to their needs in critical situations like falling. In warehouses, robots transferring products from one place to another require accurate knowledge of products' positions as well as other robots. In industrial context of the factory of the future, localization is invaluable to achieve automated processes that are flexible enough to be reconfigured for various purposes. Localization is considered a topic of high interest both in the academia and industry especially with the advent of 5G. The requirements of 5G pave the way for revolutionizing localization capabilities; Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) that is expected to reach 10 Gbits/s, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) which is less than 1 ms and massive Machine-Type Communication (mMTC) allowing to connect around 1 million devices per km.In this work, we focus on two main types of localization; range-based localization and fingerprinting based localization. In range-based localization, a network of devices with a maximum communication range estimate inter-distance values to their first-hop neighbors. These distances along with knowledge of positions of few anchor nodes are used to localize other nodes in the network using a triangulation based solution. The proposed method is capable of localizing ≈ 90% of nodes in a network with an average degree of ≈ 10.In the second contribution, wireless channel responses, aka. Channel State Information (CSI) is used to estimate the position of a transmitter communicating with a MIMO antenna. In this work, we apply classical learning techniques (K-nearest neighbors) and deep learning techniques (Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network and Convolutional Neural Networks) to localize a transmitter in indoor and outdoor contexts. Our work achieved the first place in the indoor positioning competition prepared by IEEE's Communication Theory Workshop among 8 teams from highly reputable universities worldwide by achieving a Mean Square Error of 2.3 cm
PEREIRA, TENEDORIO JOSE ANTONIO. "Teledetection en milieu periurbain : detection et localisation du changement de l'occupation du sol par integration des donnees-satellite spot hrv dans un systeme d'information geographique." Paris 12, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA120060.
Full textThis thesis presents a investigation which lead to a methodology proposal to locate and detect land cover changes in the urban fringe through the combination of spot hrv satellite image processing in a geographic information system (gis). Using multi-source data (satellite images and land cover maps) the discussed procedure allows to systematically determinate affectation zone changes in the urban fringe. The chosen technique relies on zone analysis applying six indexes: the panchromatic band, the vegetation index, the brightness index, the standard deviation, the recent mineralization index and the +nonwater; index. For each one of these indexes a stability limit was defined regarding the statistical parameters of the considered classes. The final result is materialised on a zone affectation change map
Cros, Colin. "Positionnement coopératif par mesures de pseudo-distance : résolubilité et algorithmes conservatifs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALT032.
Full textThis thesis studies cooperative positioning in the context of Global NavigationSatellite Systems (GNSS). It characterizes the solvability of the problem and proposes a conservative distributed estimation algorithm. In a conventional positioning system, an agent locates itself by making measurements towards anchors whose positions are known. In a GNSS system, the anchors are satellites and the measurements are pseudoranges. In a cooperative system, an agent can also make measurements towards other agents.This thesis studies, from a theoretical point of view, the resolubility of the positioning problem, then from a practical point of view, the integration of cooperative measurements into distributed estimation algorithms. The resolubility of the problem is linked to the notion of structural rigidity. A new rigidity adapted to pseudorange measurements is introduced and characterized. The particularity of pseudorange frameworks is their asymmetry, requiring the use of directed graphs.This new theory allows to deduce the resolvability of the problem from properties of the measurement graph. Optimal integration of cooperative measures in a navigation _lter requires to know the correlations between agent errors. These correlations are generally unknown, which prevents the estimation of the covariance of the estimation error. In this thesis, a conservative method, providing an upperbound on this covariance, is proposed. It is a generalization of the Split Covariance Intersection fusion designed to exploit all known components in the errors. In addition, the optimality of this fusion is proved for the fusion of two estimators.Finally, an estimation algorithm is deduced and applied to a cooperative positioning problem
Nahimana, Donnay Fleury. "Impact des multitrajets sur les performances des systèmes de navigation par satellite : contribution à l'amélioration de la précision de localisation par modélisation bayésienne." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00446552.
Full textKaddour, Mahmoud. "Contribution à la surveillance et au contrôle de l'intégrité d'un système de localisation GNSS." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10126/document.
Full textThe current decade has marked the irresistible and irreversible arrival of the GNSS systems in society by making it accessible and essential to many users. Improved performance and reliability of GNSS systems is among the factors that contribute to the exponential development of the field of GNSS applications and services. This improvement is based on the use of estimation methods of geo-positioning which ensures a very high level of integrity. For this, these methods must incorporate a layer of well-developed autonomous integrity monitoring. In this work, we propose approaches for autonomous integrity monitoring of position estimation using GNSS measurements. We have chosen to develop approaches based on an informational formalism: Informational filter on the one hand and tools of the information theory of the other. Residuals based on mutual information are developed. With an appropriate thresholding, these residuals can detect and exclude GNSS erroneous measurements. In this context, other ideas were also developed in order to robustify the developed methods as the projection of GNSS observations in the information space and the development of optimization function in order to ameliorate the prediction of a filter. The proposed methods are tested and validated with real data acquired with an experimental vehicle with several open GNSS systems
Melachroinos, Stavros A. "Positionnement géodésique à haute fréquence de réseaux GNSS terrestres et marins." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2007. https://hal.science/tel-02071426.
Full textThe surface deformations of the Earth’s crust and the sea-level variations measured by terrestrial or maritime GNSS networks are a subject that the CNES/GRGS team wanted to investigate thoroughly. In the first part, the main characteristics and differences of four global positioning systems that will constitute the future Global Navigation Satellite System of Systems are presented. In the second part, I concentrate in the definition of the basic geodetic components of GNSS used in positioning. In the third part, GINS scientific software package the basic tool used in this PhD study is presented. Updated modifications implemented for the needs of my research are overseen. Then validations tests of the modifications on the level of precise orbit determination (for GPS and GIOVE-A) and positioning are presented. In the fourth part, the main study of ocean tide loading – OTL in a complex coastal area that of Brittany, in France is presented. The implemented method aims to use a dedicated dense GPS network in order to evaluate/validate the performances of ocean tide models in the region. The impact of OTL on tropospheric parameters, the datum stability used to align the GNSS solution and the aliasing affects on the campaign stations’ time-series of unmodeled vertical displacement are analyzed. In the final and last part, the preliminary results of a GPS kinematic data set designated to cross compare and validate altimetric and oceanographic observations of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current are analyzed
Nassreddine, Ghalia. "Estimation d'état par la théorie des fonctions de croyance : application à la localisation routière." Compiègne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009COMP1833.
Full textThis thesis focuses on state estimation with application to dynamic vehicle localization. We first present an evidential approach in which uncertainties are represented by Dempster-Shafer mass functions with interval focal elements. We then handle the case of multiple-model systems using belief functions for modeling the transitions between models. Finally, a map matching method based on belief functions and a guaranteed representation of roads is developed, in order to compute a more accurate estimation of the vehicle position. Experimental results on the vehicle localization problem demonstrate the effectiveness and good performances of the methods presented in this thesis
Wang, Yu. "Localization Precise in Urban Area." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0045.
Full textNowadays, stand-alone Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning accuracy is not sufficient for a growing number of land users. Sub-meter or even centimeter accuracy is becoming more and more crucial in many applications. Especially for navigating rovers in the urban environment, final positioning accuracy can be worse as the dramatically lack and contaminations of GNSS measurements. To achieve a more accurate positioning, the GNSS carrier phase measurements appear mandatory. These measurements have a tracking error more precise by a factor of a hundred than the usual code pseudorange measurements. However, they are also less robust and include a so-called integer ambiguity that prevents them to be used directly for positioning. While carrier phase measurements are widely used in applications located in open environments, this thesis focuses on trying to use them in a much more challenging urban environment. To do so, Real Time-Kinematic (RTK) methodology is used, which is taking advantage on the spatially correlated property of most code and carrier phase measurements errors. Besides, the thesis also tries to take advantage of a dual GNSS constellation, GPS and GLONASS, to strengthen the position solution and the reliable use of carrier phase measurements. Finally, to make up the disadvantages of GNSS in urban areas, a low-cost MEMS is also integrated to the final solution. Regarding the use of carrier phase measurements, a modified version of Partial Integer Ambiguity Resolution (Partial-IAR) is proposed to convert as reliably as possible carrier phase measurements into absolute pseudoranges. Moreover, carrier phase Cycle Slip (CS) being quite frequent in urban areas, thus creating discontinuities of the measured carrier phases, a new detection and repair mechanism of CSs is proposed to continuously benefit from the high precision of carrier phases. Finally, tests based on real data collected around Toulouse are used to test the performance of the whole methodology
Harrou, Fouzi. "Détection d'anomalies en présence de paramètres de nuisance bornés." Troyes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TROY0002.
Full textAnomaly detection is addressed within a statistical framework. Often the statistical model is composed of two types of parameters: the informative parameters and the nuisance ones. The nuisance parameters are of no interest for detection but they are necessary to complete the model. In the case of unknown, non-random and non-bounded nuisance parameters, their elimination is unavoidable. Unfortunately, this can lead to a serious degradation of the detector capacity because some anomalies are masked by nuisance parameters. Nevertheless, in many cases, the physical nature of nuisance parameter is known, and this may allow set bounds to the values taken by this parameter. In this work, the problem of anomaly detection with bounded nuisance parameters has been addressed from the statistical point of view in the context of linear model. The con-strained generalized likelihood ratio test has been studied. It has been shown that the performances of anomaly detector can be drastically improved by taking into account the lower and upper bounds, naturally imposed on the nuisance parameters. Some applications to integrity control of GPS positioning systems are developed in fields of train navigation. Finally, the detection of abnormal ozone measurements by using a regional ozone surveillance network has been used to illustrate the theoretical findings and to show the relevance of the proposed method
Vervisch-Picois, Alexandre. "Etude de systèmes de positionnement en intérieur utilisant des mesures de phase du code ou de phase de la porteuse de signaux de navigation par satellites." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00626177.
Full textVervisch-Picois, Alexandre. "Etude de systèmes de positionnement en intérieur utilisant des mesures de phase du code ou de phase de la porteuse de signaux de navigation par satellites." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TELE0012.
Full textThe thesis proposes the study of systems of local constellations for positioning indoors.In this context, it appears that indirect paths disturb the measurement of time delay between the transmitter antenna and receiver antenna. The Near-Far problem between signals, a CDMA interference phenomenon, is exacerbated because of the short distances and variations in received power. The thesis provides answers to these two issues.For indirect multipath we propose to use carrier phase measurements. It must then solve the problem of ambiguity on these measurements. A method without carrying out a differential technique is proposed: a tracking loop insensitive to indirect routes: the SMICL. For the Near-Far problem, we have developed three approaches. One approach uses sequences of maximum length and significantly reduces its influence. A second method, called the Double Transmission Technique (DTT), can completely remove the interference for a pair of transmitters when their respective Doppler are equal. We have studied the case where different Doppler and developed an improved version of the DTT, the DTT extended to the carrier, which eliminates the influence of the Doppler. We also showed that this may also be applied to a fixed transmitter in the presence of a constellation of satellites. A third method, called DTT maximum, again uses a maximum length sequence to extend the method to the case DTT in the presence of several transmitters
Rullan, Lara José Luis. "Conception et implantation embarquée d'un système de localisation en utilisant les signaux radio pour la stabilisation d'un mini drone." Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1984.
Full textThe Unmanned Aerial Vehicles are complex and difficult dynamic systems to control. In spite of the efforts realized on the stabilization approaches (nested saturation, back-stepping, etc. ), the control laws have been always focused to stabilize the orientation of the vehicle and few works has been developed to estimate its position. Since real measurements are noisy and are not directly observable or measurable from the sensors, the estimation of the position is a difficult problem to resolve. Numerous approaches have been proposed for position’s estimation. In particular, vision and GPS have been explored in indoor and outdoor, respectively. However, there remain many challenges to its application in UAVs. This dissertation presents a solution to the problem of location of UAV indoor using radio signals. The k-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm, the least squares algorithm and the Extended Kalman filter have been tested and validated in real time. The performances of the algorithms were validated during hover flight and path following flight of a mini helicopter. In order to validate the algorithms, I developed a mini helicopter with four rotors (quad rotor) with the computer architecture for implementing onboard embedded control laws for its stability and for the implementation of localization tasks
Tran, Van Lic. "Développement de techniques radio cognitives pour les communications LP-WAN terrestres et satellites." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ4048.
Full textThis research focuses on improving Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LP-WAN) communications using cognitive radio technologies. Specifically, it addresses the challenge of network localization by utilizing the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) from LoRa networks, along with the proposed ML-MTL algorithm, to improve the accuracy of end device position estimation. Additionally, this study explores LoRaWAN coverage estimation and extension. In coverage estimation, it demonstrates that gathering multiple data points around each gateway enables the creation of accurate coverage heat maps using a proposed LoRaWAN coverage estimation algorithm. This approach effectively pinpoints areas where additional gateways are needed to improve network reliability. For coverage extension, the study focuses on optimizing terrestrial LP-WAN coverage through relay-based strategies. By incorporating cognitive radio techniques, the research aims to expand the coverage area of LoRa networks, enhancing both the reach and reliability of communication services. In terms of satellite communication, the project employs Omnet++ to simulate the performance and latency of LoRa networks in a satellite environment. The simulation assesses the feasibility of using LoRa networks in satellite communications, highlighting its potential for extending LP-WAN capabilities to remote or hard-to-reach regions through satellite links. By addressing both terrestrial and satellite domains, this research adopts a comprehensive approach to advancing LP-WAN communications. The integration of cognitive radio techniques contributes to the development of intelligent, adaptive communication systems that enhance efficiency, reliability, and coverage across terrestrial and satellite LP-WAN environments
Ait, Ighil Mehdi. "Simulateur de canal de propagation basé sur une approche physico-statistique et adapté à la modélisation des multitrajets pour les systèmes de navigation par satellite." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ESAE0001/document.
Full textThis PhD work deals with land mobile satellite channel modelling and addresses the specific issue of satellite navigation systems in urban environments with a particular focus on multipath modelling and wide-band representation of the channel. The developed land mobile satellite channel simulator, SCHUN (Simplified CHannel for Urban Navigation), is based on a hybrid physical-statistical approach satisfying fast computation requirements. The statistical component of the modelling is mainly used during the virtual city synthesis step based on known statistical distributions of building height and street width. The rest of the modelling comes from deterministic methods using simplified electromagnetic interaction models reproducing building macro-scattering (3CM model (Three Component Model)) and building blockage of the direct path. The main underlying electromagnetic methods are the physical optics and the uniform theory of diffraction. The SCHUN simulator now opens interesting perspectives for the modelling of wide-band land mobile satellite propagation channel in dense urban environments. Optimised for pseudo real-time constraints, it uses both physical and statistical approaches. Furthermore, the SCHUN simulator has been designed and validated against measurements to answer specific needs of satellite diversity, receiving diversity, polarisation diversity or frequency diversity for satellite navigation applications
Raimondi, Mathieu. "Développement et caractérisation de techniques de réduction d’interférences pulsées pour récepteurs GNSS embarqués." Toulouse, INSA, 2008. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000275/.
Full textCivil Aviation standardisation bodies (ICAO, RTCA, EUROCAE) are currently investigating the use of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) as a stand-alone navigation solution for civil aircraft. For obvious safety reasons, on-board GNSS receivers must guarantee minimum performance requirements in given phases of flights. These requirements, dependent upon the system and signals used, are stated in the Minimum Operational Performance Specification (MOPS), published (or being published) by the corresponding authorities. With that respect, the future use of Galileo E5 and GPS L5 bands has raised, among others, interference issues. Indeed, pre-existent RF systems emit in this band, thus interfering with the E5/L5 signals. The main threat was identified as being DME/TACAN ground beacons pulsed emissions. Without any mitigation capability, these systems can disturb the proper operation of on-board GNSS receivers, preventing them from complying with safety requirements. Two Interference Mitigation Techniques (IMT) have been proposed to fight this threat, the Temporal Blanker and the Frequency Domain Interference Suppressor (FDIS). The Temporal Blanker technique offers a fairly simple implementation and was shown to provide enough benefits to ensure that the specified requirements were met in all phases of flight for a GPS L5 or Galileo E5 receiver. However, it was also demonstrated that the resulting performances were meeting the requirements by only a small margin on the worst DME/TACAN interference environment that can be found in Europe and USA, so called the European and USA “hot spots”. In contrast, the FDIS is a more demanding mitigation technique against pulsed interference in terms of required resources but improves the performances of the receiver, thus allowing larger margins with respect to the civil aviation requirements. The core of the study is the analysis of the performances of GNSS receivers using FDIS as IMT. The dissertation architecture is the following: first, the navigation signals, Galileo E5a/E5b and GPS L5, as long as the interferences that constitute a threat for GNSS navigation and their impact on GNSS receivers operations are presented. Then, a description of the studied IMTs (Temporal Blanker, FDIS), their theoretical characteristics and the theoretical derivations of the post-correlation C/N0 degradation suffered by a receiver using these techniques in presence of pulsed interference are depicted. Afterwards, all the results obtained concerning the IMTs performance assessments are presented. Firstly, the Figures Of Merit chosen to analyze the performance of both techniques are presented and their choice is motivated. Then, the chosen interference and signal scenarios, along with the simulation tools and means are finely detailed. Finally, a confrontation of Temporal Blanker and FDIS performances is given using the previously described FOMs. The conclusion summarizes the performances analysis, compares them to - 6 - civil aviation performances requirements, and proposes recommendations for on-board GNSS receivers design
Wan, Tao. "Modélisation et implémentation de systèmes OLAP pour des objets mobiles." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007VERS0001.
Full textThe rapid growth of gao-location techniques and mobile devices led to the profusion of Mobile Objects databases. This raises a new issu concerning their use for decision support. While conventional On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) systems are efficiently used in data analysi&tI:\aOks to their multidimensional modelling, they are not adapted to MOs which consider information that evolves continuously over time (e. G. , position). Ln this study, we focus on the problem of data warehousing such objects. The contributions are: (1) two multidimensional models allowing their on-line analytical processing; one offers a well-to-do implementation, whereas the other one supplies a powerful representation; (2) an optimized implementation dedicated to answer efficiently typical spatiotemporal OLAP queries in context of OLAP systems
Sierro, Mercedes Clemente. "Modélisation et correction des effets ionosphériques sur les signaux GNSS." Brest, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BRES2036.
Full textElectromagnetic wave propagation in the ionosphere is influenced by the number of free electrons present along the propagation path and represented by the Total Electron Content (TEC). GPS signals based on the use of two carrier frequencies enable one to reduce the ionospheric error to the first order, which implies an elimination of more than 99% of the ionospheric delay. Firstly we show in this work that for applications in which better precision is awaited, the elimination of higher order; proves to be necessary, because they can induce an error of several centimeters. To mitigate this error, we propose a correction model, applicable to current dual frequency systems as well as to triple frequency systems. Secondly, we analyze the use of three frequencies for the future GPS and Galileo systems, as well as the precision of the codes of the last one. First results obtained from Giove-A signals measurements show that the estimate of higher ionospheric terms is not possible in real time in a triple-frequency system due to the measurement noise. The model correction of the higher order terms is thus still appropriate. Finally, we evaluate the effects of the second-order term correction considering both Precise Point Positioning (PPP) in a single-station configuration and in the processing of data from a network of GPS receivers. In all cases we have taken into consideration ionospheric storm situations presenting very strong TEC values. Observed differences on position and tropospheric delay are carefully analyzed and the results are interpreted according to the strategy adopted for the processing of network data
Jacquemin, Baptiste. "Architectures pour la mobilité et la qualité de service dans les systèmes satellites DVB-S2/RCS." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00509147.
Full textBenoist, Clément. "Apport de la prise en compte de la dépendance spatiotemporelle des séries temporelles de positions GNSS à l'estimation d'un système de référence." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEO011.
Full textAny global and precise positioning requires a reference frame such as the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF). The determination of the ITRF relies on the position time series of various geodetic instruments, including in particular permanent GNSS stations. GNSS station position time series are known to be temporally and spatially correlated. Many authors have studied the temporal dependency of GNSS time series and its impact on the determination of terrestrial reference frames. On the other hand, the spatial correlations (i.e., between nearby stations) of GNSS time series have so far never been taken into account in the computation of terrestrial reference frames. The objective of this thesis is therefore to develop a methodology to account for the spatial correlations of GNSS time series, and evaluate its benefits.The spatial dependencies between the position time series of 195 GNSS stations are first evaluated by means of empirical variograms, which confirm the existence of correlations up to distances of about 5000 km. Exponential covariance models, depending only on the distance between stations, are adjusted to these empirical variograms.A methodology based on a Kalman filter is then developed to take into account the spatial dependencies of GNSS time series in the computation of a terrestrial reference frame. Three models of spatial dependency are proposed: a model which does not account for the spatial dependency between GNSS time series (current case of the ITRF computation), a model based on the empirical covariances between the time series of different stations, and a model based on the exponential covariance functions mentioned above.These different models are applied to three test cases of ten stations each, located in Europe, in the Caribbean, and along the east coast of the US. The three models are evaluated with regard to a cross-validation criterion, i.e., on their capacity to predict station positions in the absence of observations. The results obtained with the Europe and US test cases demonstrate a significant improvement of this predictive capacity when the spatial dependency of the series is taken into account. This improvement is highest when the exponential covariance model is used. The improvement is much lower, but still present with the Caribbean test case.The three models are also evaluated with regard to their capacity to determine accurate station velocities from short position time series. The impact of accounting for the spatial dependency between series on the accuracy of the estimated velocities is again significant. Like previously, the improvement is highest when the exponential covariance model is used.This thesis thus demonstrates the interest of accounting for the spatial dependency of GNSS station position time series in the determination of terrestrial reference frames. The developed methodology could be used in the computation of future ITRF versions
Traore, Moussa. "Privacy-preserving and secure location authentication." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/14595/1/traore.pdf.
Full textLa, Tosa Vincenzo. "Ultra Wideband multipath exploitation for anchor-less localization and indoor environment characterization." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S194.
Full textIn the context of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), this thesis presents some algorithms exploiting the multipath diversity of received Impulse Radio - Ultra Wide Band (IR-UWB) signals for joint anchor-less localization and environment characterization, relying on standard communications. According to the stated problem, the proposed algorithms only involve Single Input Single Output (SISO) links and two communicating nodes. The multipath scenario is addressed with increasing complexity (e. G. From static nodes in a square room to mobile nodes in a rectangular room). For different algorithms, estimation performance is assessed through simulations, highlighting a globally low errors for the estimation of the main room dimension, whereas estimated nodes coordinates can be affected by a significant dispersion. These performances are all the more interesting that they are obtained considering realistic antennas and, in the last part of the work, in the frame of the IEEE 802. 15. 4a standard
Debèse, Nathalie. "Recalage de la navigation par apprentissage sur les données bathymètriques." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD538.
Full textTao, Zui. "Autonomous road vehicles localization using satellites, lane markings and vision." Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2261/document.
Full textEstimating the pose (position and attitude) in real-time is a key function for road autonomous vehicles. This thesis aims at studying vehicle localization performance using low cost automotive sensors. Three kinds of sensors are considered : dead reckoning (DR) sensors that already exist in modern vehicles, mono-frequency GNSS (Global navigation satellite system) receivers with patch antennas and a frontlooking lane detection camera. Highly accurate maps enhanced with road features are also key components for autonomous vehicle navigation. In this work, a lane marking map with decimeter-level accuracy is considered. The localization problem is studied in a local East-North-Up (ENU) working frame. Indeed, the localization outputs are used in real-time as inputs to a path planner and a motion generator to make a valet vehicle able to drive autonomously at low speed with nobody on-board the car. The use of a lane detection camera makes possible to exploit lane marking information stored in the georeferenced map. A lane marking detection module detects the vehicle’s host lane and provides the lateral distance between the detected lane marking and the vehicle. The camera is also able to identify the type of the detected lane markings (e.g., solid or dashed). Since the camera gives relative measurements, the important step is to link the measures with the vehicle’s state. A refined camera observation model is proposed. It expresses the camera metric measurements as a function of the vehicle’s state vector and the parameters of the detected lane markings. However, the use of a camera alone has some limitations. For example, lane markings can be missing in some parts of the navigation area and the camera sometimes fails to detect the lane markings in particular at cross-roads. GNSS, which is mandatory for cold start initialization, can be used also continuously in the multi-sensor localization system as done often when GNSS compensates for the DR drift. GNSS positioning errors can’t be modeled as white noises in particular with low cost mono-frequency receivers working in a standalone way, due to the unknown delays when the satellites signals cross the atmosphere and real-time satellites orbits errors. GNSS can also be affected by strong biases which are mainly due to multipath effect. This thesis studies GNSS biases shaping models that are used in the localization solver by augmenting the state vector. An abrupt bias due to multipath is seen as an outlier that has to be rejected by the filter. Depending on the information flows between the GNSS receiver and the other components of the localization system, data-fusion architectures are commonly referred to as loosely coupled (GNSS fixes and velocities) and tightly coupled (raw pseudoranges and Dopplers for the satellites in view). This thesis investigates both approaches. In particular, a road-invariant approach is proposed to handle a refined modeling of the GNSS error in the loosely coupled approach since the camera can only improve the localization performance in the lateral direction of the road. Finally, this research discusses some map-matching issues for instance when the uncertainty domain of the vehicle state becomes large if the camera is blind. It is challenging in this case to distinguish between different lanes when the camera retrieves lane marking measurements.As many outdoor experiments have been carried out with equipped vehicles, every problem addressed in this thesis is evaluated with real data. The different studied approaches that perform the data fusion of DR, GNSS, camera and lane marking map are compared and several conclusions are drawn on the fusion architecture choice
Bin, Ahmad Khairol Amali. "Surveillance de la fiabilité du positionnement par satellite (GNSS) pour les applications de véhicules terrestres dans les milieux urbains." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESAE0007/document.
Full textThis thesis addresses the challenges in reliability monitoring of GNSS aided navigation for land vehicle applications in urban environments. The main objective of this research is to develop methods of trusted positioning using GNSS measurements and confidence measures for the user in constrained urban environments. In the first part of the thesis, the NLOS errors in urban settings are characterized by means of a 3D model of the urban surrounding. For the second part of the thesis, the work proposes a reliability monitoring technique in the range domain for urban environ ment using a trusted velocity sensor. Finally, the research developed a novel experimental scheme in integrity monitoring for positioning in urban environment. By monitoring the test statistic against a specific threshold, the positioning integrity and continuity are met at a certain level of confidence. In addition, the Horizontal Protection Level (HPL) computation using a composite approach has also been proposed
Lassoued, Khaoula. "Localisation de robots mobiles en coopération mutuelle par observation d'état distribuée." Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2289/document.
Full textIn this work, we study some cooperative localization issues for mobile robotic systems that interact with each other without using relative measurements (e.g. bearing and relative distances). The considered localization technologies are based on beacons or satellites that provide radio-navigation measurements. Such systems often lead to offsets between real and observed positions. These systematic offsets (i.e, biases) are often due to inaccurate beacon positions, or differences between the real electromagnetic waves propagation and the observation models. The impact of these biases on robots localization should not be neglected. Cooperation and data exchange (estimates of biases, estimates of positions and proprioceptive measurements) reduce significantly systematic errors. However, cooperative localization based on sharing estimates is subject to data incest problems (i.e, reuse of identical information in the fusion process) that often lead to over-convergence problems. When position information is used in a safety-critical context (e.g. close navigation of autonomous robots), one should check the consistency of the localization estimates. In this context, we aim at characterizing reliable confidence domains that contain robots positions with high reliability. Hence, set-membership methods are considered as efficient solutions. This kind of approach enables merging adequately the information even when it is reused several time. It also provides reliable domains. Moreover, the use of non-linear models does not require any linearization. The modeling of a cooperative system of nr robots with biased beacons measurements is firstly presented. Then, we perform an observability study. Two cases regarding the localization technology are considered. Observability conditions are identified and demonstrated. We then propose a set-membership method for cooperativelocalization. Cooperation is performed by sharing estimated positions, estimated biases and proprioceptive measurements. Sharing biases estimates allows to reduce the estimation error and the uncertainty of the robots positions. The algorithm feasibility is validated through simulation when the observations are beacons distance measurements with several robots. The cooperation provides better performance compared to a non-cooperative method. Afterwards, the cooperative algorithm based on set-membership method is tested using real data with two experimental vehicles. Finally, we compare the interval method performance with a sequential Bayesian approach based on covariance intersection. Experimental results indicate that the interval approach provides more accurate positions of the vehicles with smaller confidence domains that remain reliable. Indeed, the comparison is performed in terms of accuracy and uncertainty
Harbaoui, Nesrine. "Diagnostic adaptatif à l'environnement de navigation : apport de l'apprentissage profond pour une localisation sûre et précise." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILB041.
Full textFor an autonomous terrestrial transport system, the ability to determine its position is essential in order to allow other functions, such as control or perception, to be safely controlled or perceived. Thus, the criticality of these functions generates important requirements in terms of safety (integrity), availability, accuracy and precision. For land vehicles, meeting these requirements is related to various parameters such as vehicle dynamics, weather conditions, or the navigation context, which includes both the operational environment and the behavior of the host vehicle or user. All of these circumstances can be an obstacle to the reception of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals since the environment determines the type and quality of electromagnetic signals available for positioning.Although many navigation and positioning techniques have been developed, none is capable of providing a reliable and accurate position in all contexts. Therefore, in order to deploy a localization function capable of operating in different contexts, based on low cost sensors, mainly GNSS and Inertial Navigation system (IMU), it is necessary, from the design phase, to develop strategies that solve both the antagonism of certain requirements and the adaptation to changing environment/dynamics. In this context, this thesis proposes a diagnostic layer that adapts by deep learning methods to changes in the context and adjusts the trade-off between functional requirements. This layer is integrated in a fault-tolerant data fusion framework through an informational divergence, the α-Rényi divergence, known by its generalization of other divergences such as the Kullback-Leibler divergence, the Bhattacharyya distance. In order to detect and isolate the divergence faults based on the generation of residuals, we offer the solution of selecting the appropriate residual for each situation by fixing the value of the parameter α using artificial intelligence technologies in order to increase the detectability of the defects. In order to increase the availability of the system while maintaining an acceptable level of operational safety, a context-sensitive threshold that adjusts the trade-off between the probability of false alarm and the probability of missed detection is proposed. To test and validate the proposed approaches, two types of data have been provided; real by the PRETIL platform of the CRIStAL laboratory and simulated by the Stella NGC simulator as a part of the ANR LOCSP project
Al, Hage Joelle. "Fusion de données tolérante aux défaillances : application à la surveillance de l’intégrité d’un système de localisation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10074/document.
Full textThe interest of research in the multi-sensor data fusion field is growing because of its various applications sectors. Particularly, in the field of robotics and localization, the use of different sensors informations is a vital step to ensure a reliable position estimation. In this context of multi-sensor data fusion, we consider the diagnosis, leading to the identification of the cause of a failure, and the sensors faults tolerance aspect, discussed in limited work in the literature. We chose to develop an approach based on a purely informational formalism: information filter on the one hand and tools of the information theory on the other. Residuals based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence are developed. These residuals allow to detect and to exclude the faulty sensors through optimized thresholding methods. This theory is tested in two applications. The first application is the fault tolerant collaborative localization of a multi-robot system. The second application is the localization in outdoor environments using a tightly coupled GNSS/odometer with a fault tolerant aspect
Drevelle, Vincent. "Étude de méthodes ensemblistes robustes pour une localisation multi-sensorielle intègre : application à la navigation des véhicules en milieu urbain." Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1986.
Full textIn this thesis, confidence domains for vehicle localization are characterized by using robust interval methods. Positioning is of prime importance in mobile robotics and more specifically for intelligent vehicle applications. When position information is used in a safety-critical context, like autonomous vehicle navigation, an integrity method is needed to check that the positioning error stays within the limits specified for the mission. In aeronautical navigation, protection levels are defined as bounds on the position error associated to a given integrity risk. This work aims to compute a confidence domain in which the user in guaranteed to be located with a given integrity risk. The possible presence of outliers is handled by the use of robust set-membership methods. Sensor measurements and model parameters are prone to errors, which are often modeled by their probability distribution. In the set-membership working frame,errors can be represented by intervals, thus making the assumption of bounded errors. When guaranteed error bounds are unknown or too pessimistic, error bounds associated with a risk can be used. The risk taken on measurements is then propagated to the computed confidence domain. Global navigation satellite systems enable high precision absolute positioning in open sky environments, but measurements suffer from multipath and non-line-ofsight propagation in urban areas. Robustness to outliers is thus needed. To counter the lack of visible satellites in urban canyons, position is constrained by a 3D map of the drivable space and by using the proprioceptive sensors embedded in recent vehicles. This document presents three positioning methods based on a robust set inversion via interval analysis with GPS pseudorange measurements : Snapshot computation of a position confidence domain, with GPS measurements and altitude constraint from a digital elevation model. Use of a precise 3D model of the drivable space as a positioning constraint, and observation of the GPS receiver’s clock drift. Robust pose estimation from a sliding horizon of positions and proprioceptive measurements, constrained by a 3D map. These positioning methods have been implemented in real-time and tested with real data in difficult environments for satellite positioning
Lopez, Remy. "Développement d'une nouvelle algorithmie de localisation adaptée à l'ensemble des mobiles suivis par le système ARGOS." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949319.
Full textFaurie, Frédéric. "Algorithmes de contrôle d’intégrité pour la navigation hybride GNSS et systèmes de navigation inertielle en présence de multiples mesures satellitaires défaillantes." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14447/document.
Full textCritical applications such as civil aviation require a navigation system including an integrity monitoring function to provide accurate and reliable information. Thus, the navigation system has to raise an alert when the operational requirements are not met. This loss of performance can be due to satellite failures. This thesis deals with integrity monitoring of navigation system assuming multiple satellite failures. Moreover, we consider herein the satellite measurements are hybidized with the kinematic information providing by an inertial navigation system.The contributions to this issue are manifold. Several algorithms are proposed accounting for the limited computing load of the embedded applications. Among them, information fusion allows to improve the integrity monitoring performance. Errors in measurement noise model are also treated in this thesis. On the one hand, we propose to detect and compensate the measurement noise variance jumps. On the other hand, robust approaches are used to improve the integrity monitoring when the measurement noise is not gaussian distributed
Ribaud, Florian. "Analysis of Multipath Channel Reduction Models for the Testing of Realistic GNSS Receivers." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/17680/1/Ribaud_Florian.pdf.
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