Relevant bibliographies by topics / Localization of urban functions

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Localization of urban functions'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Localization of urban functions"

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Bassma, Guermah, El Ghazi Hassan, and Sadiki Tayeb. "Support Vector Machines for Improving Vehicle Localization in Urban Canyons." MATEC Web of Conferences 200 (2018): 00004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820000004.

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Since the middle ages, the need to identify the vehicles position in their local environment has always been a necessity and a challenge. Today, GNSS-based positioning systems have penetrated several field, such as land transport, emergency systems and civil aviation requiring high positioning accuracy. However, the performances of GNSS-based systems can be degraded in harsh environment due to non-line-of-sight (NLOS), Multipath and masking effects. In this paper, for improving vehicle localization in urban canyons, we address a very challenging problem related to GNSS signal reception state detection (LOS, NLOS or Multipath). A SVMbased system for GNSS Multipath detection using the fusion of information provided by two GNSS antennas is proposed. In this work, we aim to explore the potential of machine learning, and more precisely, Support Vector Machines (SVM) to identify GNSS signals reception state. The SVM-based system developed in this work has used the C/N0 of signals provided by RHCP and LHCP antennas, and satellite elevation as classification criteria. The training data set is constructed by several experimental studies done in real environments, Calais, France . Furthermore, four SVM kernel functions are tested, namely, Linear, Gaussian, Cubic and Quadratic. A GNSS signal reception state detection by applying the proposed SVM-based classifier is demonstrated on real GPS signals, and the efficiency of the system is shown. We obtain empirically an accuracy of signal detection about 93%.
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Ouellet, Normand, and Mario Polèse. "Activités tertiaires et hiérarchies urbaines : une évaluation de six méthodes d’analyse." Articles 53, no. 1 (June 23, 2009): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/800709ar.

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Abstract Urban and regional economists are often asked to construct central place models which will properly describe the urban hierarchy (in terms of the service sector) of the region which they are studying. In all such studies, the chief analytical problem is basically one of correctly defining (and measuring) tertiary activity and of correctly weighting the various functions which make up the service sector. In this paper, the authors review six alternative methods for measuring and weighting tertiary functions. The mathematical and conceptual properties of each approach are discussed and evaluated. In the second part of the article, the authors compare the actual results obtained by these alternative methods, using data on the Quebec urban system to test their results. They conclude that no one method is entirely satisfactory, each approach measuring a part of reality. But some methods do nevertheless seem to perform better than others: in this respect, the use of localization coefficient type approach seems generally to give the least biased results.
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Puchkov, Maxim V. "BASIC PRINCIPLES IN SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF MAIN FACILITIES FOR NEXT-GENERATION RESEARCH AND EDUCATION COMPLEXES." Architecton: Proceedings of Higher Education, no. 4(72) (December 28, 2020): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.47055/1990-4126-2020-4(72)-2.

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The main functions of an educational complex and their localization in urban context are reviewed. Along with principles underlying the development of research and education centers, the article formulates principles employed in creating media information centers, innovative technology centers and other typological objects to be found in research and education clusters. Public space is investigated in terms of social comfort. The main principles underlying the formal compositional structure of research and education complexes are classified based on the geometry of the latter. Several types of formal composition modeling of objects within such complexes are identified.
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Eremeeva, A. F. "Public spaces in the structure of a multifunctional complex: current trends in organization." Вестник гражданских инженеров 17, no. 4 (2020): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2020-17-4-5-12.

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The article considers the forms of architectural and planning organization of urban areas that provide active localization of various socio-cultural functions. Attention is focused on the nature of the system connections of these multifunctional complexes, the interaction of open and closed spaces. There are specified four basic structures (namely, dispersed, linear, perimeter, and mixed ones), their compositional and functional features are analyzed. Materials of the international practice of formation of new and reconstruction of existing facilities are highlighted. Modern trends in the public space organization are identified, namely, multi-functionality, transformability, interactivity, and environmental friendliness.
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Zaborova, Elena. "Urbanization in a historical perspective." E3S Web of Conferences 208 (2020): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020804003.

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Russia is one of the highly urbanized countries, so the question of the prospects for developing urban processes is very relevant. Currently, there are two processes in our country: the growth of large cities, their transformation into agglomerations, and the reduction in the number of residents of small and medium-sized cities. These processes are unfolding in the new conditions of the information and digital era, which is changing the spatial fixation of the functionality of large cities, taking many traditional urban activities online mode. It creates the basis for moving the population from large megacities to the suburbs or small and medium-sized cities. Computer technologies are being actively introduced into all spheres of life. They are radically changing our lives and allow avoiding many problems of a large city, making typical types of urban life virtual. As a result, large cities lose their spatial localization of traditional historical functions (economic, socio-cultural, transport, etc.) and giving small and medium-sized cities a chance to renovate themselves.
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Richter, Philipp, and Manuel Toledano-Ayala. "Ubiquitous and Seamless Localization: Fusing GNSS Pseudoranges and WLAN Signal Strengths." Mobile Information Systems 2017 (2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8260746.

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Ubiquitous global positioning is not feasible by GNSS alone, as it lacks accurate position fixes in dense urban centres and indoors. Hybrid positioning methods have been developed to aid GNSS in those environments. Fingerprinting localization in wireless local area networks (WLANs) is a promising aiding system because of its availability, accuracy, and error mechanisms opposed to that of GNSS. This article presents a low-cost approach to ubiquitous, seamless positioning based on a particle filter integrating GNSS pseudoranges and WLAN received signal strength indicators (RSSIs). To achieve accurate location estimates indoors/outdoors and in the transition zones, appropriate likelihood functions are essential as they determine the influence of each sensor information on the position estimate. We model the spatial RSSI distributions with Gaussian processes and use these models to predict RSSIs at the particle’s positions to obtain point estimates of the RSSI likelihood function. The particle filter’s performance is assessed with real data of two test trajectories in an environment challenging for GNSS and WLAN fingerprinting localization. Outcomes of an extended Kalman filter using pseudoranges and a WLAN position as observation is included as benchmark. The proposed algorithm achieves accurate and robust seamless localization with a median accuracy of five meters.
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Deng, Xiuqin, Rongrong Ye, Xuming Liu, and Guangming Han. "Architectural Planning and Design Based on the Protection, Development of Rural Folk Custom Ecotourism." Open House International 43, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2018-b0018.

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Rural folk custom ecotourism is one of the most unique tourism projects today, which relies on the unique landscape of the country for architectural planning and tourism. In the article, the architectural planning and design based on the protective development of rural folk custom ecotourism was studied. Based on this, firstly, the characteristics and development background of rural tourism were expatiated, and the theoretical research background of current landscape planning and design was analyzed; then the principles and methods of planning and designing of rural folk custom ecotourism landscape architecture were analyzed, and the functions of architecture and space use were described in detail, so as to meet the need for protective and sustainable development; in addition, through the analysis and planning of specific projects, the concrete methods of architectural planning and design were discussed and the localization of architectural planning and design was achieved.
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Ulmschneider, Markus, Christian Gentner, Thomas Jost, and Armin Dammann. "Rao-Blackwellized Gaussian Sum Particle Filtering for Multipath Assisted Positioning." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4761601.

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In multipath assisted positioning, multipath components arriving at a receiver are regarded as being transmitted by a virtual transmitter in a line-of-sight condition. As the locations and clock offsets of the virtual and physical transmitters are in general unknown, simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) schemes can be applied to simultaneously localize a user and estimate the states of physical and virtual transmitters as landmarks. Hence, multipath assisted positioning enables localizing a user with only one physical transmitter depending on the scenario. In this paper, we present and derive a novel filtering approach for our multipath assisted positioning algorithm called Channel-SLAM. Making use of Rao-Blackwellization, the location of a user is tracked by a particle filter, and each landmark is represented by a sum of Gaussian probability density functions, whose parameters are estimated by unscented Kalman filters. Since data association, that is, finding correspondences among landmarks, is essential for robust long-term SLAM, we also derive a data association scheme. We evaluate our filtering approach for multipath assisted positioning by simulations in an urban scenario and by outdoor measurements.
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Харченко, Николай, Nikolay Kharchenko, Светлана Морковина, Svetlana Morkovina, Николай Косиченко, Nikolay Kosichenko, М. Скрынникова, and M. Skrynnikova. "Methodical approach to the creation of a green forest park zone of the city agglomerations." Forestry Engineering Journal 7, no. 4 (January 30, 2018): 122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a3cf4403ea445.07775744.

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The creation of forest-park green belts is defined by chapter IX.1 of the Federal Law "On Environmental Protection" for the purpose of limiting mode of nature use and management and conservation of natural ecological systems. Forest-park green belts are a new form of realization of the right of urban residents to a favourable environment. In the forest-steppe zone, important bioclimatic and environmental requirements are imposed on the formation of forest-park green belts: in winter – protection from adverse winds; in summer – protection from dust storms, dry winds, from excessive insolation, fastening of slopes, ravines, soils. Forest-park green belts should carry a significant ecosystem load. The most important indicator of the successful functioning of forest-park green belt is its placement, configuration and size. It is scientifically justified to use four criteria for determining priority areas for inclusion in the forest-park green belt. The localization criterion, which is the basis for the inclusion of the site in the forest-park green belt, reflects the remoteness of the site (proximity) from the urban agglomeration. The criterion of "ecosystem load" reflects the fulfilment of the ecological functions by the site. The criterion "Site type" serves to determine the origin of the site and evaluate its distinctive features. The criterion "Existence of encumbrances" serves as an indicator of the incompatibility of the site with the goals of creating a forest-park green belt. The selection of sites for inclusion in the forest-park green belt is carried out taking into account the opinion of experts on the results of their questioning. The proposed methodical approach to identifying sites for inclusion in the forest-park green belt can be used at all levels of forest management by regional executive authorities to justify management decisions to create a "green shield" of the territories.
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Marasanova, Victoriya M. "Moscow cultural practices in XIX century trade." Yaroslavl Pedagogical Bulletin 2, no. 119 (2021): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/1813-145x-2021-2-119-159-166.

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Research of the Moscow cultural trade practiсes gives a concentrated picture of Russian trade, shows almost the entire range of national and foreign goods, reveals vivid types of entrepreneurs. Moscow was the largest logistics center and consumer of various goods, industrial raw material, and food. The bulk of the regional supplies were textiles, cereals, iron, milk, meat, leather, timber, etc. The Moscow merchants performed the functions of intermediaries in allRussian and foreign trade, linking distant markets. In the second half of the 19th century the traditional land and river trade routes were supplemented by railway roads. The top of the Moscow merchants was formed from the «nonresident» merchants, commoners and peasants who were able to achieve success at the expense of their abilities in the face of intense competition. The types of Moscow merchants are revealed by the example of the Eliseevs, Blandovs, Buryshkins, Filippovs. The study of the localization of urban trade made it possible to find out exactly where foreign goods were stored and sold. National goods entered the Kitay-gorod wholesale warehouses, from where the goods dispersed to the industrial enterprises, Moscow markets and shops. The city’s business and financial life was concentrated in Nikolskaya Street, Ilyinka and Varvarka. The trading opportunities of Moscow was supplemented by the Upper Trading Rows (now GUM), and shop-passages became one of the most popular types of retail space. The article describes the retail space of Moscow – Okhotny Ryad, Sukharevsky market, Smolensky market, Khitrovsky market, Boloto, as well as local markets and fairs. It is shown that in Moscow it was possible to see and to buy practically everything what Russia is rich in. Various types of old-fashioned shopping places and modern European shops coexisted in the urban space. Consideration of the Moscow trade as a holistic cultural phenomenon based on the historical cultural and civilizational approaches made it possible to reveal the main trends and features of the historical period.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Localization of urban functions"

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Wang, Yu. "Localization Precise in Urban Area." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0045.

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Récemment, la précision qu’on peut obtenir avec le GNSS-autonome positionnement est insatisfaisant pour de plus en plus d’utilisateurs au terrain. Une précision au-dessous de mètre ou encore de niveau centimètre est devenue plus cruciale pour pleine d’applications. Surtout pour des véhicules dans le milieu urbain, la précision finale est considérablement pire comme les manques et les contaminations des GNSS signaux sont présentes. Afin d’avoir un positionnement plus précis, les mesures carrier phases sont dispensables. Les erreurs associés à ces mesures sont plus précises de factor centaine que les mesures pseudoranges. Cependant, un paramètre de nature entière, appelée ambiguïté, empêche les mesures phases de comporter comme les pseudoranges ‘précises’. Pendant que les mesures carrier phases sont largement utilisées par les applications localisées dans un environnement ouvert, cette thèse s’intéresse sur les exploitations dans un environnement urbain. Pour cet objectif, la méthodologie RTK est appliquée, qui est principalement basée sur les caractéristiques que les erreurs sur les mesures pseudoranges et phases sont corrélées spatialement. De plus, cette thèse profite de la double GNSS constellation, GPS et GLONASS, pour renforcer la solution de position et l’utilisation fiable des mesures carrier phases. Enfin, un low-cost MEMS est aussi intégré pour compenser des désavantages de GNSS dans un milieu urbain. A propos des mesures phases, une version modifiée de Partial-IAR (Partial Ambiguity Resolution) est proposée afin de faire comporter de la façon la plus fiable possible les mesures phases comme les pseudoranges. Par ailleurs, les glissements de cycle sont plus fréquents dans un milieu urbain, qui introduisent des discontinuités des mesures phases. Un nouveau mécanisme pour détecter et corriger les glissements de cycle est du coup mise en place, pour bénéficier de la haute précision des mesures phases. Des tests basés sur les données collectées autour de Toulouse sont faits pour montrer la performance
Nowadays, stand-alone Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning accuracy is not sufficient for a growing number of land users. Sub-meter or even centimeter accuracy is becoming more and more crucial in many applications. Especially for navigating rovers in the urban environment, final positioning accuracy can be worse as the dramatically lack and contaminations of GNSS measurements. To achieve a more accurate positioning, the GNSS carrier phase measurements appear mandatory. These measurements have a tracking error more precise by a factor of a hundred than the usual code pseudorange measurements. However, they are also less robust and include a so-called integer ambiguity that prevents them to be used directly for positioning. While carrier phase measurements are widely used in applications located in open environments, this thesis focuses on trying to use them in a much more challenging urban environment. To do so, Real Time-Kinematic (RTK) methodology is used, which is taking advantage on the spatially correlated property of most code and carrier phase measurements errors. Besides, the thesis also tries to take advantage of a dual GNSS constellation, GPS and GLONASS, to strengthen the position solution and the reliable use of carrier phase measurements. Finally, to make up the disadvantages of GNSS in urban areas, a low-cost MEMS is also integrated to the final solution. Regarding the use of carrier phase measurements, a modified version of Partial Integer Ambiguity Resolution (Partial-IAR) is proposed to convert as reliably as possible carrier phase measurements into absolute pseudoranges. Moreover, carrier phase Cycle Slip (CS) being quite frequent in urban areas, thus creating discontinuities of the measured carrier phases, a new detection and repair mechanism of CSs is proposed to continuously benefit from the high precision of carrier phases. Finally, tests based on real data collected around Toulouse are used to test the performance of the whole methodology
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Corominas, Murtra Andreu. "Map-based localization for urban service mobile robotics." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/41555.

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Mobile robotics research is currently interested on exporting autonomous navigation results achieved in indoor environments, to more challenging environments, such as, for instance, urban pedestrian areas. Developing mobile robots with autonomous navigation capabilities in such urban environments supposes a basic requirement for a upperlevel service set that could be provided to an users community. However, exporting indoor techniques to outdoor urban pedestrian scenarios is not evident due to the larger size of the environment, the dynamism of the scene due to pedestrians and other moving obstacles, the sunlight conditions, and the high presence of three dimensional elements such as ramps, steps, curbs or holes. Moreover, GPS-based mobile robot localization has demonstrated insufficient performance for robust long-term navigation in urban environments. One of the key modules within autonomous navigation is localization. If localization supposes an a priori map, even if it is not a complete model of the environment, localization is called map-based. This assumption is realistic since current trends of city councils are on building precise maps of their cities, specially of the most interesting places such as city downtowns. Having robots localized within a map allows for a high-level planning and monitoring, so that robots can achieve goal points expressed on the map, by following in a deliberative way a previously planned route. This thesis deals with the mobile robot map-based localization issue in urban pedestrian areas. The thesis approach uses the particle filter algorithm, a well-known and widely used probabilistic and recursive method for data fusion and state estimation. The main contributions of the thesis are divided on four aspects: (1) long-term experiments of mobile robot 2D and 3D position tracking in real urban pedestrian scenarios within a full autonomous navigation framework, (2) developing a fast and accurate technique to compute on-line range observation models in 3D environments, a basic step required by the real-time performance of the developed particle filter, (3) formulation of a particle filter that integrates asynchronous data streams and (4) a theoretical proposal to solve the global localization problem in an active and cooperative way, defining cooperation as either information sharing among the robots or planning joint actions to solve a common goal.
Actualment, la recerca en robòtica mòbil té un interés creixent en exportar els resultats de navegació autònoma aconseguits en entorns interiors cap a d'altres tipus d'entorns més exigents, com, per exemple, les àrees urbanes peatonals. Desenvolupar capacitats de navegació autònoma en aquests entorns urbans és un requisit bàsic per poder proporcionar un conjunt de serveis de més alt nivell a una comunitat d'usuaris. Malgrat tot, exportar les tècniques d'interiors cap a entorns exteriors peatonals no és evident, a causa de la major dimensió de l'entorn, del dinamisme de l'escena provocada pels peatons i per altres obstacles en moviment, de la resposta de certs sensors a la il.luminació natural, i de la constant presència d'elements tridimensionals tals com rampes, escales, voreres o forats. D'altra banda, la localització de robots mòbils basada en GPS ha demostrat uns resultats insuficients de cara a una navegació robusta i de llarga durada en entorns urbans. Una de les peces clau en la navegació autònoma és la localització. En el cas que la localització consideri un mapa conegut a priori, encara que no sigui un model complet de l'entorn, parlem d'una localització basada en un mapa. Aquesta assumpció és realista ja que la tendència actual de les administracions locals és de construir mapes precisos de les ciutats, especialment dels llocs d'interés tals com les zones més cèntriques. El fet de tenir els robots localitzats en un mapa permet una planificació i una monitorització d'alt nivell, i així els robots poden arribar a destinacions indicades sobre el mapa, tot seguint de forma deliberativa una ruta prèviament planificada. Aquesta tesi tracta el tema de la localització de robots mòbils, basada en un mapa i per entorns urbans peatonals. La proposta de la tesi utilitza el filtre de partícules, un mètode probabilístic i recursiu, ben conegut i àmpliament utilitzat per la fusió de dades i l'estimació d'estats. Les principals contribucions de la tesi queden dividides en quatre aspectes: (1) experimentació de llarga durada del seguiment de la posició, tant en 2D com en 3D, d'un robot mòbil en entorns urbans reals, en el context de la navegació autònoma, (2) desenvolupament d'una tècnica ràpida i precisa per calcular en temps d'execució els models d'observació de distàncies en entorns 3D, un requisit bàsic pel rendiment del filtre de partícules a temps real, (3) formulació d'un filtre de partícules que integra conjunts de dades asíncrones i (4) proposta teòrica per solucionar la localització global d'una manera activa i cooperativa, entenent la cooperació com el fet de compartir informació, o bé com el de planificar accions conjuntes per solucionar un objectiu comú.
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Dai, Zhuangzhuang. "Propagation modelling for urban source localization and navigation." Thesis, University of Bath, 2019. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.767609.

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This thesis investigates a propagation modelling approach to navigation and source localization. Complex urban propagation environments give rise to severe multipath which impairs the reliability of conventional satellite and terrestrial based localization systems. The motivation is the development of a location determination scheme exploiting multipath propagation. In this thesis a new ray tracing method has been developed to eciently determine channel characteristics. Using a database of channel characteristics, a model is constructed to determine location of a receiver based on a matching algorithm. This thesis also investigates into the inverse problem, i.e., the source localization in urban environments. These methods have been tested against noise and perturbations and is shown to be robust. In the simulated urban environments, navigation errors are typically less than 15m. The proposed source localization algorithm is able to locate a radio source to better than 100m. To evaluate these algorithms a 2.5D ray launching model has been developed, which is able to make use of existing digital map databases. The accuracy of this model has been validated by comparing simulated Received Signal Strengths (RSS) against channel sounding measurements in the city center of Munich, Germany. The ray launching model makes use of parallel computing techniques using Graphic Processing Units (GPU). Key to the success of these methods is a new ngerprinting technique which correlates abstract electromagnetic features with physical coordinates. This takes advantage of data mining and machine learning to study patterns in the ngerprint distribution. The thesis details the implementation of the navigation and source localization algorithms. In particular, consideration is given to the problem of source localization using a small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). In order to eciently solve this problem, the technique of Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) has been explored. All errors have been quantied and their sensitivities are determined.
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Choi, Bumsuk. "Acoustic source localization in 3D complex urban environments." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27739.

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The detection and localization of important acoustic events in a complex urban environment, such as gunfire and explosions, is critical to providing effective surveillance of military and civilian areas and installations. In a complex environment, obstacles such as terrain or buildings introduce multipath propagations, reflections, and diffractions which make source localization challenging. This dissertation focuses on the problem of source localization in three-dimensional (3D) realistic urban environments. Two different localization techniques are developed to solve this problem: a) Beamforming using a few microphone phased arrays in conjunction with a high fidelity model and b) Fingerprinting using many dispersed microphones in conjunction with a low fidelity model of the environment. For an effective source localization technique using microphone phased arrays, several candidate beamformers are investigated using 2D and corresponding 3D numerical models. Among them, the most promising beamformers are chosen for further investigation using 3D large models. For realistic validation, localization error of the beamformers is analyzed for different levels of uncorrelated noise in the environment. Multiple-array processing is also considered to improve the overall localization performance. The sensitivity of the beamformers to uncertainties that cannot be easily accounted for (e.g. temperature gradient and unmodeled object) is then investigated. It is observed that evaluation in 3D models is critical to assess correctly the potential of the localization technique. The enhanced minimum variance distortionless response (EMVDR) is identified to be the only beamformer that has super-directivity property (i.e. accurate localization capability) and still robust to uncorrelated noise in the environment. It is also demonstrated that the detrimental effect of uncertainties in the modeling of the environment can be alleviated by incoherent multiple arrays. For efficient source localization technique using dispersed microphones in the environment, acoustic fingerprinting in conjunction with a diffused-based energy model is developed as an alternative to the beamforming technique. This approach is much simpler requiring only microphones rather than arrays. Moreover, it does not require an accurate modeling of the acoustic environment. The approach is validated using the 3D large models. The relationship between the localization accuracy and the number of dispersed microphones is investigated. The effect of the accuracy of the model is also addressed. The results show a progressive improvement in the source localization capabilities as the number of microphones increases. Moreover, it is shown that the fingerprints do not need to be very accurate for successful localization if enough microphones are dispersed in the environment.
Ph. D.
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Kloster, Kyle. "Graph diffusions and matrix functions| Fast algorithms and localization results." Thesis, Purdue University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10149739.

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Network analysis provides tools for addressing fundamental applications in graphs such as webpage ranking, protein-function prediction, and product categorization and recommendation. As real-world networks grow to have millions of nodes and billions of edges, the scalability of network analysis algorithms becomes increasingly important. Whereas many standard graph algorithms rely on matrix-vector operations that require exploring the entire graph, this thesis is concerned with graph algorithms that are local (that explore only the graph region near the nodes of interest) as well as the localized behavior of global algorithms. We prove that two well-studied matrix functions for graph analysis, PageRank and the matrix exponential, stay localized on networks that have a skewed degree sequence related to the power-law degree distribution common to many real-world networks. Our results give the first theoretical explanation of a localization phenomenon that has long been observed in real-world networks. We prove our novel method for the matrix exponential converges in sublinear work on graphs with the specified degree sequence, and we adapt our method to produce the first deterministic algorithm for computing the related heat kernel diffusion in constant-time. Finally, we generalize this framework to compute any graph diffusion in constant time.

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Himstedt, Marian. "Localization of autonomous ground vehicles in dense urban environments." Master's thesis, HTW Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:520-qucosa-126122.

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The localization of autonomous ground vehicles in dense urban environments poses a challenge. Applications in classical outdoor robotics rely on the availability of GPS systems in order to estimate the position. However, the presence of complex building structures in dense urban environments hampers a reliable localization based on GPS. Alternative approaches have to be applied In order to tackle this problem. This thesis proposes an approach which combines observations of a single perspective camera and odometry in a probabilistic framework. In particular, the localization in the space of appearance is addressed. First, a topological map of reference places in the environment is built. Each reference place is associated with a set of visual features. A feature selection is carried out in order to obtain distinctive reference places. The topological map is extended to a hybrid representation by the use of metric information from Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and satellite images. The localization is solved in terms of the recognition of reference places. A particle lter implementation incorporating this and the vehicle's odometry is presented. The proposed system is evaluated based on multiple experiments in exemplary urban environments characterized by high building structures and a multitude of dynamic objects.
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O'neal, Blaire. "Testing the Feasibility of Bioacoustic Localization in Urban Environments." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5088.

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Bioacoustics is a relatively new field of research focused on studying the acoustic signals of vocal animal species. The field has been a topic of interest for many years due its passive approach and avoidance of species-level limitations, such as tracking rare or nocturnal species. It has been used to locate birds in terrestrial environments; however, localization in urban environments remains unstudied. This research aims to fill the gap by attempting to estimate the location of 30 discrete calls in eight unique, urban environments. Sites represented two distinct traffic scenarios: moderate traffic and high traffic. Three system arrays of three different sizes utilizing the Song Meter SM2+ units were tested at each site to determine the effect of array size on call visibility and location estimation. An American robin (Turdus migratorius) distress call was played through a loudspeaker at the thirty locations for each array. The spectrogram of each of these calls was examined to determine the number of channels with a visible call signature. If the file contained at least one visible call per song meter (36% of our sound files), cross correlation was used to determine the differences in the time of arrival of calls at all the microphones in the array, called lag values, which were used to calculate the origin location of the call. However, resulting lag values in this study were too large to produce reliable location estimates. This was likely due to imprecise synchronization in the field or poorly defined calls within the spectrograms. Our overall low visibility is likely a result of the high signal to noise ratio common in urban environments. Further research is necessary to continue to test the viability of acoustic localization in urban environments.
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Miron, Marie-Joëlle. "Studies on the localization and functions of the adenovirus E4orf4 protein." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103173.

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The adenovirus protein E4orf4 kills cancer cells but not normal primary cells. The possibility of developing a drug that mimics the killing by E4orf4 for cancer therapy is therefore of great interest but its mechanisms of action first need to be elucidated. Studies over the past decade have shown that E4orf4 induces p53-independent, caspase-independent cell death in a PP2A Balpha-dependent manner. In an effort to better understand its mechanism of action and identify putative cell death targets, the localization to function relationship of E4orf4-induced cell death was investigated. Here, I show that E4orf4 has a predominant nuclear localization following expression even though small amounts are observed in the cytoplasm and that, in addition, it can induce cell death both from the nucleus and from the cytoplasm when artificially targeted to these sites using well-characterized, exogenous localization signals. Furthermore, I identify an arginine-rich signal in E4orf4 spanning residues 66 to 75 (E4ARM) that mediates nuclear and nucleolar localization of E4orf4 and I show that, importantly, it contributes to at least 50% of E4orf4-induced cell death activity. Finally, I demonstrate that wild-type E4orf4 associates with several nuclear bodies such as viral replication centers, nucleoli, perinuclear bodies and PML bodies during adenovirus infection but that association with these structures is not essential for virus growth as mutants that are defective for E4orf4 expression generally replicate as efficiently as wild-type virus. However, I also show that a virus encoding a mutant form of E4orf4 accumulating at PML bodies during infection has a dominant negative effect on virus growth, thus highlighting the functional importance of nuclear bodies during cellular growth and adenovirus infection.
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Kelpsch, Daniel J. "Defining the nuclear localization and functions of actin in Drosophila oogenesis." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6598.

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While actin was discovered in the nucleus over 50 years ago, research lagged for decades due to strong skepticism. The revitalization of research into nuclear actin occurred after it was found that cellular stresses both induce the nuclear localization and alter the structure of nuclear actin. These studies provided the first hints that actin has a nuclear function. Subsequently, it was established that the nuclear import and export of actin is highly regulated. While the structures of nuclear actin remain unclear, it can function as monomers, polymers, and even rods. Furthermore, even within a given structure, distinct pools of nuclear actin that can be differentially labeled have been identified. Numerous mechanistic studies have uncovered an array of functions for nuclear actin. It regulates the activity of RNA polymerases, as well as specific transcription factors. Actin also modulates the activity of several chromatin remodeling complexes and histone deacetylases, to ultimately impinge on transcriptional programing and DNA damage repair. Further, nuclear actin mediates chromatin movement and organization. It has roles in meiosis and mitosis, and these functions may be functionally conserved from ancient bacterial actin homologs. The structure and integrity of the nuclear envelope and sub-nuclear compartments are also regulated by nuclear actin. Furthermore, nuclear actin contributes to human diseases like cancer, neurodegeneration, and myopathies. The work presented in this thesis aims to describe the nuclear localization and functions of actin during Drosophila oogenesis. Drosophila oogenesis, i.e. follicle development, provides a developmental system with which to study nuclear actin. Follicles are composed of roughly 1000 somatic follicle cells and 16 germline cells, including 15 nurse or support cells and a single oocyte. Follicles progress through a series of 14 morphological stages, from the germanium to Stage 14 (S14). Ovary staining using the anti-actin C4 antibody reveals one pool of nuclear actin during early oogenesis (germarium through S9), including in the germline and somatic stem cells, a subset of mitotic follicles cells, and a subset of nurse cells during S5-S9. Cofilin and Profilin, which regulate the nuclear import and export of actin, also localize to the nuclei. Expression of GFP-tagged actin results in nuclear actin rod formation. These findings indicate that nuclear actin is tightly regulated during oogenesis. One factor mediating this regulation is Fascin. Overexpression of Fascin enhances nuclear GFP-Actin rod formation, and Fascin colocalizes with the rods. Loss of Fascin reduces, whereas overexpression of Fascin increases, the frequency of nurse cells with high levels of C4 nuclear actin, but does not alter the overall nuclear level of actin within the ovary. These data suggest that Fascin regulates the ability of specific cells to accumulate C4 nuclear actin. Evidence indicates that Fascin positively regulates C4 nuclear actin through Cofilin. Indeed, loss of Fascin results in decreased nuclear Cofilin. In addition, Fascin and Cofilin genetically interact, as double heterozygotes exhibit a reduction in the number of nurse cells with high C4 nuclear actin levels. Thus, through Cofilin, Fascin positively regulates C4 nuclear actin. These studies identified Fascin as a novel means of nuclear actin regulation. Having established Drosophila oogenesis as an in vivo, developmental system to study nuclear actin, I sought to identify the functions of nuclear actin. To uncover the functions of nuclear actin, I manipulate nuclear actin levels by blocking its nuclear import (Importin 9) and export (Exportin 6). Knockdown of Importin 9, results in female sterility and defects within the germarium, supporting a role for nuclear actin in stemness. Additionally, reduced Importin 9 levels cause chromatin organization defects. Loss or knockdown of Exportin 6 causes reduced female fertility, abnormal nucleolar morphology, alterations in the nuclear envelope, and aberrant heterochromatin status. These data suggest several functions for nuclear actin in the ovary: nuclear actin is essential for stem cell differentiation, proper chromatin organization and dispersal, nucleolar structure and likely function, nuclear envelope morphology, heterochromatin status and likely gene expression. Ultimately, nuclear actin is absolutely required for the highly conserved process of follicle development. These studies provide insight into the regulation and function of nuclear actin in Drosophila oogenesis. The data presented here indicate that nuclear actin is critical for chromatin organization, nucleolar morphology, nuclear envelope shape, and heterochromatin status and suggest that nuclear actin ultimately impacts transcription, a process essential for all cells. Considering the high level of sequence and functional conservation of actin, studies in Drosophila oogenesis will provide insight into the conserved functions of nuclear actin in follicle development across higher organisms. The study of nuclear actin in the many cell types of the Drosophila ovary provide insight into the functions of nuclear actin for all cell types across evolution. Further, aberrant nuclear actin regulation has been implicated in several disease states. The studies in Drosophila provide insight into the regulation of nuclear actin and how misregulation contributes to disease states. Together, the data presented in this thesis advance our understanding of the nuclear localization and functions of actin.
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Pavlas, Miroslav. "Ekonomické ukazatele udržitelného urbanistického rozvoje středně velkých měst." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233268.

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The aim of the thesis is to analyse how to measure an economic pillar of sustainable urban development when it is understood in terms of qualitative city development. This principly means achieving economic prosperity which does not lead to damage of the city areas and decrease the quality of life for its residents. This approach requires the creation of an appropriate set of indicators that will cover qualitative aspects of sustainable economic development. The first section summarizes existing approaches to the definition of sustainable development and ways of measuring both on the Czech and the international level. There are also defined basic characteristics of the urban development which are appropriate to express a qualitative development of the city. The second part is focused on existing ways in which sustainable development is measured, i.e. especially in the context of indicator sets. These are under detailed assessment which aim is to show how useful is to measure the economic sustainability from the qualitative point of view. In this part, the limits of using economic macro aggregates (especially Gross Domestic Product) is emphasized because there are still regarded as one of the key economic indicators of sustainable development. In the next part the thesis deals with the definition of economic prosperity and focuses on the characteristics typical for short, medium and long term perspective. Measurement of sustainable urban development in the short term is based on assessment of financial situation. From the medium-term point of view, it is crucial to assess how the city handles its property, i.e. mainly buildings and land. These property components are substantial for a further direction of city development. In the next section are designed indicators aimed at measuring the ability of the city to maintain a skilled workforce which is one of the most important conditions of long-term economic prosperity. The final theoretical part of the thesis is focused on how the long-term sustainable urban development is to be expressed in an economic way through the assessment of investments in urban infrastructure and its operational efficiency. The designed set of indicators is verified on case studies of three medium-sized Czech cities.
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Books on the topic "Localization of urban functions"

1

Operator functions and localization of spectra. Berlin: Springer, 2003.

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Gil’, Michael I. Operator Functions and Localization of Spectra. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b93845.

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Localization and perturbation of zeros of entire functions. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2009.

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Gilʹ, M. I. Localization and perturbation of zeros of entire functions. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2009.

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Gilʹ, M. I. Localization and perturbation of zeros of entire functions. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2010.

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C, Masdeu Joseph, and Biller José, eds. Localization in clinical neurology. 3rd ed. Boston, Mass: Little, Brown, 1996.

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Localization in clinical neurology. Boston: Little, Brown, 1985.

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C, Masdeu Joseph, and Biller José, eds. Localization in clinical neurology. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011.

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Adrianov, O. S. O print︠s︡ipakh strukturno-funkt︠s︡ionalʹnoĭ organizat︠s︡ii mozga: Izbrannye nauchnye trudy. Moskva: Stomatologii︠a︡, 1999.

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Misulis, Karl E. Neurologic localization and diagnosis. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Localization of urban functions"

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Nehls, Thomas, and Gerd Wessolek. "Urban Soils, Functions." In Encyclopedia of Agrophysics, 941–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3585-1_179.

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Wong, M. W. "Haar Measures and Modular Functions." In Wavelet Transforms and Localization Operators, 25–33. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8217-0_4.

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Triebel, Hans. "Spaces on domains: localization and Hardy inequalities." In The Structure of Functions, 41–70. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8257-6_5.

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Grega, Michał, Seweryn Łach, and Bogusław Cyganek. "INSTREET - Application for Urban Photograph Localization." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 130–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30721-8_13.

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Yoshino, Kunio. "Spectral Analysis of Daubechies Localization Operators." In Pseudo-Differential Operators and Generalized Functions, 285–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14618-8_19.

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Harvey, Jack, and Ernie Jowsey. "Functions of the Real Property Market." In Urban Land Econimics, 30–38. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-10336-9_3.

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Harvey, Jack. "Functions of the Real Property Market." In Urban Land Economics, 26–32. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24441-6_3.

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Zhou, D., and R. H. Wagoner. "Use of Arbitrary Yield Functions in FEM." In Anisotropy and Localization of Plastic Deformation, 688–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3644-0_161.

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Kuhar, Michael J., and Errol B. De Souza. "Autoradiographic Imaging: Localization of Binding Sites other than Neurotransmitter Receptors." In Visualization of Brain Functions, 57–66. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10726-1_6.

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Hemmes, Jeffrey, Douglas Thain, and Christian Poellabauer. "Cooperative Localization in GPS-Limited Urban Environments." In Ad Hoc Networks, 422–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11723-7_28.

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Conference papers on the topic "Localization of urban functions"

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Bansal, Mayank, and Kostas Daniilidis. "Geometric Urban Geo-localization." In 2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2014.508.

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Raicu, Ş., V. Dragu, M. Popa, and Ş. Burciu. "About the high capacity public transport networks territory functions." In URBAN TRANSPORT 2009. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ut090051.

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Uchiyama, A., S. Fujii, K. Maeda, T. Umedu, H. Yamaguchi, and T. Higashino. "Ad-hoc Localization in Urban District." In IEEE INFOCOM 2007 - 26th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/infcom.2007.270.

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Weng, Li, Bahman Soheilian, and Valerie Gouet-Brunet. "Semantic Signatures for Urban Visual Localization." In 2018 International Conference on Content-Based Multimedia Indexing (CBMI). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cbmi.2018.8516492.

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Yu, Li, Cyril Joly, Guillaume Bresson, and Fabien Moutarde. "Monocular urban localization using street view." In 2016 14th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icarcv.2016.7838744.

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Zhang, Wei, and Jana Kosecka. "Image Based Localization in Urban Environments." In Third International Symposium on 3D Data Processing, Visualization, and Transmission (3DPVT'06). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3dpvt.2006.80.

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McHenry, Michael, Yang Cheng, and Larry Matthies. "Vision-based localization in urban environments." In Defense and Security, edited by Grant R. Gerhart, Charles M. Shoemaker, and Douglas W. Gage. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.603973.

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Xu, Tiantu, Guohui Wang, and Felix Xiaozhu Lin. "Practical Urban Localization for Mobile AR." In HotMobile '20: The 21st International Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3376897.3377855.

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Krivoshein, Aleksander V., and Elena A. Lebedeva. "Localization of functions defined on cantor group." In 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS 2013: ICNAAM 2013. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4825591.

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Cartenì, A., and V. Punzo. "Travel time cost functions for urban roads: a case study in Italy." In URBAN TRANSPORT 2007. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ut070231.

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Reports on the topic "Localization of urban functions"

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David, Philip. Image-based Localization in Urban Environments. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada516822.

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Zhang, Wei. The Cellular Localization of IGFBP5 Determines its Oncogenic Functions in Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada457676.

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Kamrath, Matthew, D. Wilson, Carl Hart, Daniel Breton, and Caitlin Haedrich. Evaluating parametric probability density functions for urban acoustic noise. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/38006.

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Young, Stuart H., and Michael V. Scanlon. Detection and Localization with an Acoustic Array on a Small Robotic Platform in Urban Environments. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada410432.

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Wilson, D., Daniel Breton, Lauren Waldrop, Danney Glaser, Ross Alter, Carl Hart, Wesley Barnes, et al. Signal propagation modeling in complex, three-dimensional environments. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40321.

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The Signal Physics Representation in Uncertain and Complex Environments (SPRUCE) work unit, part of the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) Army Terrestrial-Environmental Modeling and Intelligence System (ARTEMIS) work package, focused on the creation of a suite of three-dimensional (3D) signal and sensor performance modeling capabilities that realistically capture propagation physics in urban, mountainous, forested, and other complex terrain environments. This report describes many of the developed technical capabilities. Particular highlights are (1) creation of a Java environmental data abstraction layer for 3D representation of the atmosphere and inhomogeneous terrain that ingests data from many common weather forecast models and terrain data formats, (2) extensions to the Environmental Awareness for Sensor and Emitter Employment (EASEE) software to enable 3D signal propagation modeling, (3) modeling of transmitter and receiver directivity functions in 3D including rotations of the transmitter and receiver platforms, (4) an Extensible Markup Language/JavaScript Object Notation (XML/JSON) interface to facilitate deployment of web services, (5) signal feature definitions and other support for infrasound modeling and for radio-frequency (RF) modeling in the very high frequency (VHF), ultra-high frequency (UHF), and super-high frequency (SHF) frequency ranges, and (6) probabilistic calculations for line-of-sight in complex terrain and vegetation.
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Cook, Stephen, and Loyd Hook. Developmental Pillars of Increased Autonomy for Aircraft Systems. ASTM International, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/tr2-eb.

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Increased automation for aircraft systems holds the promise to increase safety, precision, and availability for manned and unmanned aircraft. Specifically, established aviation segments, such as general aviation and light sport, could utilize increased automation to make significant progress towards solving safety and piloting difficulties that have plagued them for some time. Further, many emerging market segments, such as urban air mobility and small unmanned (e.g., small parcel delivery with drones) have a strong financial incentive to develop increased automation to relieve the pilot workload, and/or replace in-the-loop pilots for most situations. Before these advances can safely be made, automation technology must be shown to be reliable, available, accurate, and correct within acceptable limits based on the level of risk these functions may create. However since inclusion of these types of systems is largely unprecedented at this level of aviation, what constitutes these required traits (and at what level they must be proven to) requires development as well. Progress in this domain will likely be captured and disseminated in the form of best practices and technical standards created with collaboration from regulatory and industry groups. This work intends to inform those standards producers, along with the system designers, with the goal of facilitating growth in aviation systems toward safe, methodical, and robust inclusion of these new technologies. Produced by members of the manned and unmanned small aircraft community, represented by ASTM task group AC 377, this work strives to suggest and describe certain fundamental principles, or “pillars”, of complex aviation systems development, which are applicable to the design and architectural development of increased automation for aviation systems.
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