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Journal articles on the topic 'Localized regulation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Ishibashi, Yohei, Makoto Ito, and Yoshio Hirabayashi. "Regulation of glucosylceramide synthesis by Golgi-localized phosphoinositide." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 499, no. 4 (2018): 1011–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.039.

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Tsai, Albert, Rafael Galupa, and Justin Crocker. "Robust and efficient gene regulation through localized nuclear microenvironments." Development 147, no. 19 (2020): dev161430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.161430.

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ABSTRACTDevelopmental enhancers drive gene expression in specific cell types during animal development. They integrate signals from many different sources mediated through the binding of transcription factors, producing specific responses in gene expression. Transcription factors often bind low-affinity sequences for only short durations. How brief, low-affinity interactions drive efficient transcription and robust gene expression is a central question in developmental biology. Localized high concentrations of transcription factors have been suggested as a possible mechanism by which to use th

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Hofmann, Nancy R. "Endoplasmic Reticulum–Localized Transcription Factors and Mitochondrial Retrograde Regulation." Plant Cell 25, no. 9 (2013): 3151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.113.250912.

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Ehrenheim, Alexander M., Alberto Vianelli, Giovanni Finazzi, and Giorgio Forti. "Regulation by localized protons of Photosystem II photochemical efficiency." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 1100, no. 3 (1992): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-4838(92)90485-v.

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Dai, Shuiping, Duane D. Hall, and Johannes W. Hell. "Supramolecular Assemblies and Localized Regulation of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels." Physiological Reviews 89, no. 2 (2009): 411–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00029.2007.

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This review addresses the localized regulation of voltage-gated ion channels by phosphorylation. Comprehensive data on channel regulation by associated protein kinases, phosphatases, and related regulatory proteins are mainly available for voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, which form the main focus of this review. Other voltage-gated ion channels and especially Kv7.1-3 (KCNQ1-3), the large- and small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels BK and SK2, and the inward-rectifying K+ channels Kir3 have also been studied to quite some extent and will be included. Regulation of the L-type Ca2+ channel Cav

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Kawanaka, Norikuni, and Andrew W. Taylor. "Localized retinal neuropeptide regulation of macrophage and microglial cell functionality." Journal of Neuroimmunology 232, no. 1-2 (2011): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.09.025.

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Park, Jeong Hoan, Joanne Si Ying Tan, Han Wu, Yilong Dong, and Jerald Yoo. "1225-Channel Neuromorphic Retinal-Prosthesis SoC With Localized Temperature-Regulation." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems 14, no. 6 (2020): 1230–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2020.3036091.

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Mao, Li-Min, and John Q. Wang. "Synaptically Localized Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases: Local Substrates and Regulation." Molecular Neurobiology 53, no. 9 (2015): 6309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12035-015-9535-1.

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van Balkom, Bas W. M., Michael P. J. Graat, M. van Raak, Erik Hofman, Peter van der Sluijs, and Peter M. T. Deen. "Role of cytoplasmic termini in sorting and shuttling of the aquaporin-2 water channel." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 286, no. 2 (2004): C372—C379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00271.2003.

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In mammals, the regulation of water homeostasis is mediated by the aquaporin-1 (AQP1) water channel, which localizes to the basolateral and apical membranes of the early nephron segment, and AQP2, which is translocated from intracellular vesicles to the apical membrane of collecting duct cells after vasopressin stimulation. Because a similar localization and regulation are observed in transfected Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells, we investigated which segments of AQP2 are important for its routing to forskolin-sensitive vesicles and the apical membrane through analysis of AQP1-AQP2 chime

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Tamma, Grazia, Joris H. Robben, Christiane Trimpert, Michelle Boone, and Peter M. T. Deen. "Regulation of AQP2 localization by S256 and S261 phosphorylation and ubiquitination." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 300, no. 3 (2011): C636—C646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00433.2009.

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Vasopressin-induced water reabsorption coincides with phosphorylation of aquaporin-2 (AQP2) at S256 (pS256), dephosphorylation at S261, and its translocation to the apical membrane, whereas treatment with the phorbol ester 12-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induces AQP2 ubiquitination at K270, its internalization, and lysosomal degradation. In this study we investigated the relationship between S256 and S261 phosphorylation in AQP2 and its ubiquitination and trafficking in MDCK cells. Forskolin stimulation associated with increased pS256 and decreased pS261 AQP2, indicating that MDCK cel

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Cheong, A., A. M. Dedman, S. Z. Xu та D. J. Beech. "KVα1 channels in murine arterioles: differential cellular expression and regulation of diameter". American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 281, № 3 (2001): H1057—H1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2001.281.3.h1057.

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The primary objectives of this study were to reveal cell-specific expression patterns and functions of voltage-gated K+ channel (KVα1) subunits in precapillary arterioles of the murine cerebral circulation. KVα1 were detected using peptide-specific antibodies in immunofluorescence and Western blotting assays. KV1.2 was localized almost exclusively to endothelial cells, whereas KV1.5 was discretely localized to the nerves and nerve terminals that innervate the arterioles. KV1.5 also localized specifically to arteriolar nerves in human pial membrane. KV1.5 was notable for its absence from smooth

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Fels, A. O., N. A. Pawlowski, E. L. Abraham, and Z. A. Cohn. "Compartmentalized regulation of macrophage arachidonic acid metabolism." Journal of Experimental Medicine 163, no. 3 (1986): 752–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.163.3.752.

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We show that downregulation of arachidonic acid (20:4) metabolism which occurs following i.p. injection of C. parvum can occur in a single, localized macrophage population, and is therefore unlikely to be mediated solely by a systemic factor.

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Andreassen, Paul R., Françoise B. Lacroix, Emma Villa-Moruzzi та Robert L. Margolis. "Differential Subcellular Localization of Protein Phosphatase-1 α, γ1, and δ Isoforms during Both Interphase and Mitosis in Mammalian Cells". Journal of Cell Biology 141, № 5 (1998): 1207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.141.5.1207.

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Protein phosphatase-1 (PP-1) is involved in the regulation of numerous metabolic processes in mammalian cells. The major isoforms of PP-1, α, γ1, and δ, have nearly identical catalytic domains, but they vary in sequence at their extreme NH2 and COOH termini. With specific antibodies raised against the unique COOH-terminal sequence of each isoform, we find that the three PP-1 isoforms are each expressed in all mammalian cells tested, but that they localize within these cells in a strikingly distinct and characteristic manner. Each isoform is present both within the cytoplasm and in the nucleus

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AA Supardi, AA Supardi, and Ari Samto. "PENERAPAN PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NOMOR 46 TAHUN 2013 DIBANDINGKAN PELAKSANAAN PAJAK PENGHASILAN PADA PT GLOBAL BINTANG UTAMA JAKARTA." Reformasi Administrasi 4, no. 2 (2017): 166–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31334/.v4i2.5.

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This study was conducted to determine how much influence the implementation of the before and after implementation of Government Regulation No. 46 Year 2013 on PT Global Bintang Utama Jakarta. In mid-2013 the Government issued Government Regulation No. 46 Year 2013 is localized for enterprises that have a gross income below Rp.4.800.000.000 (four billion, eight hundred million rupiah). Government Regulation No. 46 Year 2013 issued not to replace Law No. 36 In 2008, these regulations are specialized for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). In Act No. 36 of 2008 by Government Regulation No. 46 Y

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Fomina, N., C. A. Johnson, A. Maruniak, et al. "An electrochemical platform for localized pH control on demand." Lab on a Chip 16, no. 12 (2016): 2236–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6lc00421k.

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16

Ardell, J. L., W. C. Randall, W. J. Cannon, D. C. Schmacht, and E. Tasdemiroglu. "Differential sympathetic regulation of automatic, conductile, and contractile tissue in dog heart." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 255, no. 5 (1988): H1050—H1059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1988.255.5.h1050.

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Sympathetic pathways mediating chronotropic, dromotropic, and inotropic responses during ansae subclavia stimulation were determined by sequential dissection around major cardiac vessels. Right sympathetic (RS) projections influencing ventricular contractile force converge at the common pulmonary artery and within the pulmonary artery nerves (PAN). RS projections influencing left atrial contractile force course within the PANs. RS pathways to pacemaker and right atrial contractile tissue were localized between the superior vena cava and ascending aorta. RS projections influencing conductile ti

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Gill, Tina, Jason Aulds, and Mark E. Schmitt. "A specialized processing body that is temporally and asymmetrically regulated during the cell cycle in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Journal of Cell Biology 173, no. 1 (2006): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200512025.

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RNase mitochondrial RNA processing (MRP) is an essential ribonucleoprotein endoribonuclease that functions in the degradation of specific mRNAs involved in cell cycle regulation. We have investigated where this processing event occurs and how it is regulated. As expected, results demonstrate that RNase MRP is predominantly localized in the nucleolus, where it processes ribosomal RNAs. However, after the initiation of mitosis, RNase MRP localizes throughout the entire nucleus and in a single discrete cytoplasmic spot that persists until the completion of telophase. Furthermore, this spot was as

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18

Pavankumar, Theetha. "Inteins: Localized Distribution, Gene Regulation, and Protein Engineering for Biological Applications." Microorganisms 6, no. 1 (2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms6010019.

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19

Fitzpatrick, Ethan R., Tinghui Hu, Bryan T. Ciccarelli, and Ian P. Whitehead. "Regulation of vesicle transport and cell motility by Golgi-localized Dbs." Small GTPases 5, no. 4 (2014): e972860. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/sgtp.28570.

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deCharms, R. Christopher, Kalina Christoff, Gary H. Glover, John M. Pauly, Susan Whitfield, and John D. E. Gabrieli. "Learned regulation of spatially localized brain activation using real-time fMRI." NeuroImage 21, no. 1 (2004): 436–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.08.041.

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Etoh, Mitsuhiko, Masatoshi Jinnin, Katsunari Makino, et al. "microRNA-7 down-regulation mediates excessive collagen expression in localized scleroderma." Archives of Dermatological Research 305, no. 1 (2012): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00403-012-1287-4.

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22

Eckford, Paul D. W., and Christine E. Bear. "Targeting the regulation of CFTR channels." Biochemical Journal 435, no. 2 (2011): e1-e4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20110461.

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In this issue of the Biochemical Journal, Zhang et al. reveal a new strategy for modifying the regulated function of CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) on the apical surface of epithelial cells. Simply stated, these authors tested the idea that the cAMP-dependent channel activity of CFTR could be effectively enhanced by disruption of a protein–protein interaction which is normally inhibitory for the production of cAMP. This particular protein–protein interaction [between the PDZ motif of LPA2 (type 2 lysophosphatidic acid receptor) and the scaffold protein Nherf2 (Na+/H

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23

Hu, Chi-Kuo, Margaret Coughlin, and Timothy J. Mitchison. "Midbody assembly and its regulation during cytokinesis." Molecular Biology of the Cell 23, no. 6 (2012): 1024–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e11-08-0721.

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The midbody is a transient structure that connects two daughter cells at the end of cytokinesis, with the principal function being to localize the site of abscission, which physically separates two daughter cells. Despite its importance, understanding of midbody assembly and its regulation is still limited. Here we describe how the structural composition of the midbody changes during progression throughout cytokinesis and explore the functional implications of these changes. Deriving from midzones, midbodies are organized by a set of microtubule interacting proteins that colocalize to a zone o

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Lander, Noelia, Carolina Bernal, Nardy Diez, Néstor Añez, Roberto Docampo, and José Luis Ramírez. "Localization and Developmental Regulation of a Dispersed Gene Family 1 Protein in Trypanosoma cruzi." Infection and Immunity 78, no. 1 (2009): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00780-09.

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ABSTRACT The dispersed gene family 1 (DGF-1) is the fifth largest gene family in the T rypanosoma cruzi genome, with over 500 members (11). Many of the predicted DGF-1 protein products have several transmembrane domains and N-glycosylation and phosphorylation sites and were thought to localize in the plasma membrane. Here, we report that affinity-purified antibodies against a region of one of these proteins (DGF-1.2) localized it intracellularly in different stages of the parasite. DGF-1.2 is more abundant in the amastigote stage than in trypomastigotes and epimastigotes, as detected by immuno

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Hagen, Brian M., Orline Bayguinov, and Kenton M. Sanders. "VIP and PACAP regulate localized Ca2+ transients via cAMP-dependent mechanism." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 291, no. 2 (2006): C375—C385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00495.2005.

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Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) have been suggested as participants in enteric inhibitory neural regulation of gastrointestinal motility. These peptides cause a variety of postjunctional responses including membrane hyperpolarization and inhibition of contraction. Neuropeptides released from enteric motor neurons can elicit responses by direct stimulation of smooth muscle cells as opposed to other transmitters that rely on synapses between motor nerve terminals and interstitial cells of Cajal. Therefore, we studied the resp

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Keum, Dongil, Christina Baek, Dong-Il Kim, Hae-Jin Kweon та Byung-Chang Suh. "Voltage-dependent regulation of CaV2.2 channels by Gq-coupled receptor is facilitated by membrane-localized β subunit". Journal of General Physiology 144, № 4 (2014): 297–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201411245.

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G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) signal through molecular messengers, such as Gβγ, Ca2+, and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), to modulate N-type voltage-gated Ca2+ (CaV2.2) channels, playing a crucial role in regulating synaptic transmission. However, the cellular pathways through which GqPCRs inhibit CaV2.2 channel current are not completely understood. Here, we report that the location of CaV β subunits is key to determining the voltage dependence of CaV2.2 channel modulation by GqPCRs. Application of the muscarinic agonist oxotremorine-M to tsA-201 cells expressing M1 recept

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Aslam, Muhammad, and Yury Ladilov. "Regulation of Mitochondrial Homeostasis by sAC-Derived cAMP Pool: Basic and Translational Aspects." Cells 10, no. 2 (2021): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10020473.

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In contrast to the traditional view of mitochondria being solely a source of cellular energy, e.g., the “powerhouse” of the cell, mitochondria are now known to be key regulators of numerous cellular processes. Accordingly, disturbance of mitochondrial homeostasis is a basic mechanism in several pathologies. Emerging data demonstrate that 3′–5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signalling plays a key role in mitochondrial biology and homeostasis. Mitochondria are equipped with an endogenous cAMP synthesis system involving soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC), which localizes in the mitochondrial

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Tirnauer, Jennifer S., Julie C. Canman, E. D. Salmon, and Timothy J. Mitchison. "EB1 Targets to Kinetochores with Attached, Polymerizing Microtubules." Molecular Biology of the Cell 13, no. 12 (2002): 4308–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e02-04-0236.

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Microtubule polymerization dynamics at kinetochores is coupled to chromosome movements, but its regulation there is poorly understood. The plus end tracking protein EB1 is required both for regulating microtubule dynamics and for maintaining a euploid genome. To address the role of EB1 in aneuploidy, we visualized its targeting in mitotic PtK1 cells. Fluorescent EB1, which localized to polymerizing ends of astral and spindle microtubules, was used to track their polymerization. EB1 also associated with a subset of attached kinetochores in late prometaphase and metaphase, and rarely in anaphase

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Yudin, Dmitry, Shlomit Hanz, Soonmoon Yoo, et al. "Localized Regulation of Axonal RanGTPase Controls Retrograde Injury Signaling in Peripheral Nerve." Neuron 59, no. 2 (2008): 241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2008.05.029.

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Cho, Junkwon, Rika Teshigawara, Masahiro Kameda, Shinpei Yamaguchi, and Takashi Tada. "Nucleus‐localized adiponectin is survival gatekeeper through miR‐214‐mediated AIFM2 regulation." Genes to Cells 24, no. 2 (2019): 126–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gtc.12658.

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Gallo, Gianluca. "Localized regulation of the axon shaft during the emergence of collateral branches." Neural Regeneration Research 10, no. 8 (2015): 1206. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.162694.

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Simmons, Craig A., Shaker A. Meguid, and Robert M. Pilliar. "Mechanical regulation of localized and appositional bone formation around bone-interfacing implants." Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 55, no. 1 (2001): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-4636(200104)55:1<63::aid-jbm90>3.0.co;2-v.

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Yoshikawa, Tsutomu, Shunnosuke Handa, Masahiro Suzuki, and Keiichi Nagami. "Abnormalities in sympathoneuronal regulation are localized to failing myocardium in rabbit heart." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 24, no. 1 (1994): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-1097(94)90565-7.

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Ohtsuka, K., S. Nagata, and T. Akiya. "Oxidative deterioration of polyacetylene: Its regulation by control of localized energy levels." Synthetic Metals 17, no. 1-3 (1987): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-6779(87)90753-3.

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Parrini, M. C., M. Matsuda, and J. de Gunzburg. "Spatiotemporal regulation of the Pak1 kinase." Biochemical Society Transactions 33, no. 4 (2005): 646–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0330646.

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Pak1 (p21-activated kinase 1) is a key regulator of the actin cytoskeleton, adhesion and cell motility. Such biological roles require a tight spatial and kinetic control of its localization and activity. We summarize here the current knowledge on Pak1 dynamics in vivo. Inactive dimeric Pak1 is mainly cytosolic. Localized interaction with the activators Cdc42-GTP and Rac1-GTP stimulates the kinase at the sites of cellular protrusions. Moreover, Pak1 is dynamically engaged into multiprotein complexes forming adhesions to the extracellular matrix. Cutting edge microscopy technologies on living ce

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Lall, Sabbi, Fabio Piano, and Richard E. Davis. "Caenorhabditis elegans Decapping Proteins: Localization and Functional Analysis of Dcp1, Dcp2, and DcpS during Embryogenesis." Molecular Biology of the Cell 16, no. 12 (2005): 5880–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e05-07-0622.

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Though posttranscriptional regulation is important for early embryogenesis, little is understood regarding control of mRNA decay during development. Previous work defined two major pathways by which normal transcripts are degraded in eukaryotes. However it is not known which pathways are key in mRNA decay during early patterning or whether developmental transcripts are turned over via specific pathways. Here we show that Caenorhabditis elegans Dcp2 is localized to distinct foci during embryogenesis, reminiscent of P-bodies, the sites of mRNA degradation in yeast and mammals. However the decapp

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Weaver, D. R., and S. M. Reppert. "Adenosine receptor gene expression in rat kidney." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 263, no. 6 (1992): F991—F995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1992.263.6.f991.

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Adenosine is an important modulator of renal function. Adenosine produced and released within the kidney is thought to participate in the metabolic regulation of glomerular filtration (tubuloglomerular feedback), as well as in regulating renal excretory function and renin secretion. The recent cloning of cDNAs encoding the A1 and A2a adenosine receptors from rat brain allows direct examination of potential sites of adenosine action within the rat kidney. Northern blot analysis of rat kidney poly(A)+ RNA revealed that A1 adenosine receptor mRNA was more abundant in kidney than the A2a adenosine

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Holthusen, Kirsten, Pooja Talaty, and David N. Everly. "Regulation of Latent Membrane Protein 1 Signaling through Interaction with Cytoskeletal Proteins." Journal of Virology 89, no. 14 (2015): 7277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00321-15.

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ABSTRACTLatent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) induces constitutive signaling in EBV-infected cells to ensure the survival of the latently infected cells. LMP1 is localized to lipid raft domains to induce signaling. In the present study, a genome-wide screen based on bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) was performed to identify LMP1-binding proteins. Several actin cytoskeleton-associated proteins were identified in the screen. Overexpression of these proteins affected LMP1-induced signaling. BiFC between the identified proteins and LMP1 was localized to lipid

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Niklison-Chirou, Maria Victoria, Massimiliano Agostini, Ivano Amelio, and Gerry Melino. "Regulation of Adult Neurogenesis in Mammalian Brain." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 14 (2020): 4869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21144869.

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Adult neurogenesis is a multistage process by which neurons are generated and integrated into existing neuronal circuits. In the adult brain, neurogenesis is mainly localized in two specialized niches, the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone (SVZ) adjacent to the lateral ventricles. Neurogenesis plays a fundamental role in postnatal brain, where it is required for neuronal plasticity. Moreover, perturbation of adult neurogenesis contributes to several human diseases, including cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases. The interplay between extrins

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Jiang, Peng, and Mona Singh. "CCAT: Combinatorial Code Analysis Tool for transcriptional regulation." Nucleic Acids Research 42, no. 5 (2013): 2833–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkt1302.

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Abstract Combinatorial interplay among transcription factors (TFs) is an important mechanism by which transcriptional regulatory specificity is achieved. However, despite the increasing number of TFs for which either binding specificities or genome-wide occupancy data are known, knowledge about cooperativity between TFs remains limited. To address this, we developed a computational framework for predicting genome-wide co-binding between TFs (CCAT, Combinatorial Code Analysis Tool), and applied it to Drosophila melanogaster to uncover cooperativity among TFs during embryo development. Using pub

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Waldron, R., and T. Moore. "Complex regulation and nuclear localization of JRK protein." Biochemical Society Transactions 32, no. 6 (2004): 920–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0320920.

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The mouse jerky gene and its human orthologue, JRK/JH8, encode a putative DNA-binding protein with homology to the CENP-B (centromere-binding protein B). Disruption of the mouse jerky gene by transgene insertion causes generalized recurrent seizures reminiscent of human idiopathic generalized epilepsy. In addition (and similar to a cenp-b null mouse) jerky null mice exhibit postnatal weight loss and reduced fertility. Using fluorescence confocal microscopy, the cellular localization of a JRK–GFP fusion (where GFP stands for green fluorescent protein) was investigated in HeLa cells. JRK–GFP has

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Disis, Mary L. "Immune Regulation of Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 28, no. 29 (2010): 4531–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.2146.

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Innate and adaptive immune system cells play a major role in regulating the growth of cancer. Although it is commonly thought that an immune response localized to the tumor will inhibit cancer growth, it is clear that some types of inflammation induced in a tumor may also lead to cancer proliferation, invasion, and dissemination. Recent evidence suggests, however, that some patients with cancer can mount an antitumor immune response that has the potential to control or eliminate cancer. Indeed, a so-called “immune response” signature has been described in malignancy that is associated with imp

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de Brot, Simone, Atara Ntekim, Ryan Cardenas, et al. "Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in prostate cancer." Endocrine-Related Cancer 22, no. 3 (2015): R107—R123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/erc-15-0123.

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Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy affecting men in the western world. Although radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy can successfully treat PCa in the majority of patients, up to ∼30% will experience local recurrence or metastatic disease. Prostate carcinogenesis and progression is typically an androgen-dependent process. For this reason, therapies for recurrent PCa target androgen biosynthesis and androgen receptor function. Such androgen deprivation therapies (ADT) are effective initially, but the duration of response is typically ≤24 months. Although ADT and taxane-b

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Treuner-Lange, Anke, and Lotte Søgaard-Andersen. "Regulation of cell polarity in bacteria." Journal of Cell Biology 206, no. 1 (2014): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201403136.

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Bacteria are polarized cells with many asymmetrically localized proteins that are regulated temporally and spatially. This spatiotemporal dynamics is critical for several fundamental cellular processes including growth, division, cell cycle regulation, chromosome segregation, differentiation, and motility. Therefore, understanding how proteins find their correct location at the right time is crucial for elucidating bacterial cell function. Despite the diversity of proteins displaying spatiotemporal dynamics, general principles for the dynamic regulation of protein localization to the cell pole

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Ydenberg, Casey A., and Mark D. Rose. "Antagonistic regulation of Fus2p nuclear localization by pheromone signaling and the cell cycle." Journal of Cell Biology 184, no. 3 (2009): 409–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200809066.

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When yeast cells sense mating pheromone, they undergo a characteristic response involving changes in transcription, cell cycle arrest in early G1, and polarization along the pheromone gradient. Cells in G2/M respond to pheromone at the transcriptional level but do not polarize or mate until G1. Fus2p, a key regulator of cell fusion, localizes to the tip of the mating projection during pheromone-induced G1 arrest. Although Fus2p was expressed in G2/M cells after pheromone induction, it accumulated in the nucleus until after cell division. As cells arrested in G1, Fus2p was exported from the nuc

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Hackett, Joanne M., and Denise V. Clark. "Modifiers of Prat, a de novo purine synthesis gene, in Drosophila melanogaster." Genome 52, no. 11 (2009): 957–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g09-070.

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Drosophila melanogaster was used to identify genes with a potential role in genetic regulation of purine biosynthesis. In this study we examine two dominant genetic modifiers of the essential gene Prat, which encodes amidophosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.14). We found that Mod(Prat:bw)3-1 enhances Prat expression only in female heads, whereas Mod(Prat:bw)3-5 suppresses Prat in all stages and tissues examined for both sexes. For Mod-3-5, gene expression microarrays were used to identify other genes that are affected by the modifier. Three mapping approaches were used to localize these modifi

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Oliveira, Camila, André P. Gerber, Samuel Goldenberg, and Lysangela R. Alves. "Characterization of the RNA-Binding Protein TcSgn1 in Trypanosoma cruzi." Microorganisms 9, no. 5 (2021): 986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9050986.

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RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) participate in several steps of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, such as splicing, messenger RNA transport, mRNA localization, and translation. Gene-expression regulation in trypanosomatids occurs primarily at the post-transcriptional level, and RBPs play important roles in the process. Here, we characterized the RBP TcSgn1, which contains one RNA recognition motif (RRM). TcSgn1 is a close ortholog of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein ScSgn1, which plays a role in translational regulation in the cytoplasm. We found that TcSgn1 in Trypanosoma

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Fujiwara, Takeshi, Kazuma Tanaka, Akihisa Mino, et al. "Rho1p-Bni1p-Spa2p Interactions: Implication in Localization of Bni1p at the Bud Site and Regulation of the Actin Cytoskeleton inSaccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular Biology of the Cell 9, no. 5 (1998): 1221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.9.5.1221.

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Rho1p is a yeast homolog of mammalian RhoA small GTP-binding protein. Rho1p is localized at the growth sites and required for bud formation. We have recently shown that Bni1p is a potential target of Rho1p and that Bni1p regulates reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton through interactions with profilin, an actin monomer-binding protein. Using the yeast two-hybrid screening system, we cloned a gene encoding a protein that interacted with Bni1p. This protein, Spa2p, was known to be localized at the bud tip and to be implicated in the establishment of cell polarity. The C-terminal 254 amino ac

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Berbari, Nicolas F., Andrew D. Johnson, Jacqueline S. Lewis, Candice C. Askwith, and Kirk Mykytyn. "Identification of Ciliary Localization Sequences within the Third Intracellular Loop of G Protein-coupled Receptors." Molecular Biology of the Cell 19, no. 4 (2008): 1540–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e07-09-0942.

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Primary cilia are sensory organelles present on most mammalian cells. The functions of cilia are defined by the signaling proteins localized to the ciliary membrane. Certain G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), including somatostatin receptor 3 (Sstr3) and serotonin receptor 6 (Htr6), localize to cilia. As Sstr3 and Htr6 are the only somatostatin and serotonin receptor subtypes that localize to cilia, we hypothesized they contain ciliary localization sequences. To test this hypothesis we expressed chimeric receptors containing fragments of Sstr3 and Htr6 in the nonciliary receptors Sstr5 and H

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Rudge, Simon A., Deborah M. Anderson, and Scott D. Emr. "Vacuole Size Control: Regulation of PtdIns(3,5)P2Levels by the Vacuole-associated Vac14-Fig4 Complex, a PtdIns(3,5)P2-specific Phosphatase." Molecular Biology of the Cell 15, no. 1 (2004): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e03-05-0297.

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In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,5)P2) is synthesized by a single phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase, Fab1. Cells deficient in PtdIns(3,5)P2synthesis exhibit a grossly enlarged vacuole morphology, whereas increased levels of PtdIns(3,5)P2provokes the formation of multiple small vacuoles, suggesting a specific role for PtdIns(3,5)P2in vacuole size control. Genetic studies have indicated that Fab1 kinase is positively regulated by Vac7 and Vac14; deletion of either gene results in ablation of PtdIns(3,5)P2synthesis and the form

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