Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Locataire'
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Bretesché, Sophie. "Les bailleurs sociaux face à la question sociale : effervescence rationalisatrice et rapport moral au locataire." Grenoble 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE29018.
Full textThis research work anzalizes the relationship that is set between the public housing institution and its tenants. The main hypothesis is that we are witnessing a refoundation of public housing which draws its dynamic in the heart of the 19th century. Since the 1980s , the problematic of the “social mission of public housing providers” is no more about housing populations that are integrated in a productive system, but housing populations that tend to get cut off from society. Thus, the social representations associated with public housing populations have some common points with those of the early 19th century : their estangement is fuelling the ideas about the emergence of new “dangerous classes” who have behaviours that are said to lack morals. Faced with this “new” social issue, the public housing executives are setting a wide modernization process which bears both on that social change and on easing the relationships with the tenants , which is made possible thanks to a remote management. These two movements are converging to the point of building a utopia orientated towards the rationalization of the public housing activity. As far as social dynamics are concerned, the productive mutations entail a process of identitarian differenciations which act as a brake to the industrialization ot the local management. On one side, the public housing staff are using the respect of administrative rules as a symbolic barrier against the tenants, on the other side, they are developping new professional processes based on interaction with the tenant. As such, that mode of operation fits into a quest for a management that is both territorial and social management. Considering the low level of regulation that it entails, this quest eventually shows a highly moral aspect
Ben, Miled Tarek. "L'action du mouvement associatif locataire sur le rapport de location ( etude de cas de l'agglomeration parisienne )." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040446.
Full textDevillers, Hugo. "L'utilisation du bien d'autrui par une personne publique. Recherche sur le statut de personne publique locataire." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3039.
Full textPublic entities do not own all the goods they use. They often rent or borrow the assets necessary for the performance of their missions. The use of the property of others is no longer considered as the default solution that it was for a long time. To this end, public entities opt for multiple legal processes. Holders of the capacity to contract, they conclude civil or commercial leases, loans or conventional usufruct. They may also use public law procedures, such as public supply contracts or partnership contracts. Finally, some non-conventional mechanisms also allow this disconnection between use and ownership. By virtue of a particularly exorbitant prerogative of public power, the administration is empowered to unilaterally capture a right of use in the patrimony of others, for example, by its power of requisition. The unique ability of the administration to play thus on several tables is the mark of its irreducible specificity.The use of the property of others by a public person is in principle the support of a mission or task of general interest. For this reason, its execution must respect the requirements of public action, a set of principles and legal requirements which imply that administrative activities must be carried out efficiently and without interruption, using appropriate and appropriate means financial conditions. In this respect, the use of the property of others presents assets whose exercise of the right of ownership is devoid, at least in two circumstances. Short-term needs, whether they are punctual or discontinuous, are better satisfied by renting, using loans, or requisitioning than by acquiring property. The same remark applies, with some nuances, to the satisfaction of the complex needs of the administration. But the difficult adaptation to changing needs and the precariousness that characterizes a large number of these legal techniques presents the risk of a certain loss of control, which can undermine continuity, mutability, "quality" and Performance "of the public service to which the leased asset is assigned. Consequently, public law is called upon to react. A unified legal regime could be applied to all property used by the administration, whatever its owner, in the context of the implementation of a public service activity. These rules would aim at making the use inviolable, apart from the legal instrument on which the exercise of the right of use or enjoyment by the public person is based
Le, Corre-Broly Emmanuelle. "Crédit-bail mobilier et procédure collective : contribution à l'étude du contrat de crédit-bail mobilier en cas de redressement judiciaire du locataire." Lille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL20003.
Full textThe first part of this thesis dealing with the study of the contract of leasing concerning bankruptcy or winding-up emphasizes the weakness of leasers co-contracting creditors. The demonstration can be proved by the established fact that the control of his contract is missing. He cannot choose to break the relationships granted by contact, pleading his partner's bandruptcy or winding-up. He cannot either stand in opposition to the transfer of his contract to the buyers of his indebted firm. The risks of non-payment debits previous to the opening judgment of the buyer's bandruptcy or winding-up are great. Even if the solution deserves some touches, the established payment garanties to the benefit of creditors, subsequent to the opening judgment, will be, in most cases, a lark-mirror. The rule of unreliability characterizes the payment of the creditor leaser. The second part of this thesis put forward the powes of the leases co-contracting ownes. His overwhelming power is, however, submitted to the condition of opposability of his patent rights. Since the law of the 10th of june 94 this has been reduced as a regular publication of its contract to the record-office having juridiction, which, howeres, remains the weak spot of the leaser. Once his opposability right on ownerships has been laid down the leaser can carry it out with a certain adaptability. Moreover, the legislator protects the leaser from the daywhen his ownership right was transferred
Laflamme, Elisabeth. "L'histoire du mot "fermier" au Québec, du XVIIe au XIXe siècle : le passage du sens de "cultivateur locataire" à celui de "cultivateur propriétaire"." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17838.
Full textDemoulin, Jeanne. "La participation des locataires : un instrument de gestion dans les organismes HLM." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100069.
Full textThis thesis examines the effects of the integration of the participatory imperative in social housing organizations. It is grounded in three complementary fieldworks: "Mouvement HLM"’s speeches, the "rental consultation" settings and "social development"’s actions. This work first demonstrates how participatory mechanisms support the neoliberal turn in public action that started in the late 1970s. In so doing, it shows the historical coexistence between two forms of participation. The first form emphasizes on the evaluation of service delivery. The second insists on social assistance for tenants. The analysis then focuses on social housing organizations’ contemporary practices and is based on a survey conducted in a social housing organization under an Industrial Research Training Convention (CIFRE). Looking at the participatory settings’ expected outcomes, their implementation’s prerequisites and their effects on the system of actors, the demonstration highlights the meaning of "participation" in social housing organizations which are characterized by the coexistence of patrimonial, entrepreneurial and social logics. On the one hand, this thesis broadens the understanding of the logics that govern the formalization and the propagation of participatory settings in contemporary society. On the other hand, it deepens the comprehension of participatory setting’s effects on professional practices and relationships between individuals and institutions. Therefore, this thesis aims to contribute to the analysis of systemic transformations produced by the integration of participation in social structures
Alina, Kornienko. "Le théâtre de Jean-Luc Lagarce : les infinis locataires de la parole." Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080010.
Full textThe present thesis presents a study of the complete work of contemporary French playwright, writer, director and actor Jean-Luc Lagarce (1957-1995) whose dramatic creation was fully recognized after his death and the discovery of his last play The Far Country, which has immediately been enormously critical and has been staged several times. Organized into four major chapters, this research necessarily meets the concerns of language specialists and more particularly of conversational linguistics and the pragmatic approach. This cross-look allows a reflection on Jean-Luc Lagarce's new dramatic and literary poetics centered on the complexity inherent in the empirical realization of speech, instead of being reduced to a mere functioning of verbal interactions attested in contemporary society. The work of Jean-Luc Lagarce thus appears as the dramatic, stylistic and literary resultant specific to this discursive theater that is the "theater of language"
Boisvilliers, Pierre Daniel de. "Les rapports du bailleur et du preneur en fin de bail immobilier." Paris 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA02T103.
Full textFührer, Karl Christian. "Mieter, Hausbesitzer, Staat und Wohnungsmarkt : Wohnungsmangel und Wohnungszwangswirtschaft in Deutschland 1914-1960 /." Stuttgart : F. Steiner, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37059195b.
Full textYousefi, Sadeghloo Ahmad. "Le bail commercial : étude comparée du droit français et du droit iranien." Limoges, 2012. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/4d32d9b4-36dd-4d81-8973-5c85aee06ce3/blobholder:0/2012LIMO1011.pdf.
Full textRental of commercial properties, because of their close relationship with financial and economical elemebts, has always attracted legislators and lawyers. Iran's regulations before the islamic revolution of 1977 was completely impressed by other countries' regulations like France; therefore, by comparing these two regulations so many important issues need to be discussed that are the main aim of this research. After the islamic revolution, the regulations wre directed in a new way by the impression of islam and islamic leaders espcially shia learders like Ayatollah Khomeini. In other words, before the revolution of 1977, the regulations were established to support the tenant ; while in the new regulations there are only guidelines for the tenant-owner agreement. For example, the France regulations support of the tenant , for the obligatory minimum of nine years for the length of lease or the tenant' right to stay after the terminationof the contract, has been totally been removed from iran' regulations. In the new regulation, the tenant has to leave the property and there is no time constrain for the owner for length of the lease. On the other hand, there are some similarities in both regulations in transferring the contact except the times that the tenant has been prohibited. In addition, due to France regulation of 1953 and Iran's regulation of 1977 the right to transfer the contract has been taken from the tenant except the case that this right has been given to the tenant. By comparing both regulations, so many strengths and weaknesses can be extracted from them that can be an excellent guide for correction or completion of them while France regulations are secular and Iran's regulations are highly affected by religion
Darmon, Jimmy. "Le droit de préemption en matière de baux urbains." Paris 9, 2011. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2011PA090050.
Full textMbotaingar, Abdoulaye. "Statut des baux commerciaux et concurrence." Paris 9, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA090023.
Full textWith regards to the case law, the dissertation aims at analysing the relations between Commercial Tenancy Law and Competition among competitors in a specific market. Precisely, it shows the tension between the fundamental principles of competition, i. E. Freedom to compete and equal competitive position in the market concerned. The first idea serves as a criterion to evidence whether or not at low commercial tenants have sufficient flexibility for a differentiation from other actors in the market. The principle of equality imposes to check if all commercial tenants competing in the same market have an equal access to the protection of the law. The detailed examination of the statute law and the case law leads to the conclusion of an ambivalent situation. Some of the rules or cases promote competition, whether others yield an opposite conclusion. Finally, some remedies are proposed for a reduction of the negative impact of the law
Yousefi, Sadeghloo Mehdi. "L' habitation dans la maison d'autrui : étude comparée entre droit français et le droit iranien." Limoges, 2012. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/27f8fc1c-d2ce-4098-8315-22c5abdede75/blobholder:0/2012LIMO1012.pdf.
Full textComparative study of residing in someone else's property in France and Iran' s legislation is the focus of this thesis. Living in other property is associated with various issues and protecting one right will undermine the other right. Living in other property, like a geometric shape, has many sides. It is related to many issues such as general rules of contracts adherence to the principle of private contracts, the principle of respect for personal property ( the subject matter of an additional protocol to the Convention on human rights and paris fundamental freedoms, adopted march 20, 1952) and the collective interest (the local legislators are interested in it and is preferred to the mentioned legislation) Lack of laws and the socialneeds in many cases , obliges countries to follow precedent and rulings of their courts as a reference and has become the criterion standard for justice. All of these issues in two separate parts, that focuses on different contratcts for residing in the property of others, are the goals of this thesis. The first part particularly will discuss about leasing contracts and the second part will focus on all other types like the right to profit in others property (by the contract or legally), residing at hotel, seasonal contracts and devotion (which has been taken from islamic laws)
Waltrigny, Éric. "Le congé en matière locative." Toulouse 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU10064.
Full textA certain number of causes can involve the extinction of the lease as regards hiring of real estate, causes legally or conventionally envisaged appearing by the arrival of the term and the delivery of a leave. Within the framework of the lease, contract with successive exécution, the leave is the unilateral act, by which one of the parts to this contract expresses its intention to put an end to it. The leave will have to observe the conditions and time allowed by convention, the uses of the places or the law. According to the type of lease, the leave will have or not to respect a precise formalism. It could be carried out by recorded delivery letter, by writ of bailiff or possibly by simple letter. The leave will have simply to express sufficient way the will of that which gives it to put an end to the lease. The commercial law and the rural code also impose derogatory provisions on those of the Civil code or on the laws on the rental leases. But exemptions remain possible and on this assumption, the leave will not be inevitably necessary. Obligation to justify the notice will be binding to the financial backer as sometimes with the tenant
Métallier, Colins Auque Françoise. "Résiliation du bail commercial et procédure collective du preneur." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://edoctorale74.univ-lille2.fr/fileadmin/master_recherche/T_l_chargement/memoires/affaires/metallierc06.pdf.
Full textAllati, Malika. "L'obligation d'occupation du logement en droit français." Toulouse 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU10005.
Full textThe housing occupancy obligation can be tackled on two different ways. The first is the ordinary legal question to know who is responsible for the housing occupancy. Ordinarily, the housing occupancy obligation rests on the tenant. The ownership doesn't make it compulsory for the owner to occupy the flat. This obligation rests on the lease holder. That is the ordinary notion of housing occupancy obligation but another notion has appeared during the last thirty years. Then the second way to tackle the housing occupancy obligation to the French Law is appearing. The second way to tackle the housing occupancy obligation consists in knowing who is supposed to have this flat occupied and according to which legal foundation. It appears that the lessor benefiting from a tax reduction is responsible. Effectively during the last thirty years, in order to protect the right for housing and to control the crisis of the renting market, the Law has given the lessors an incentive to put more momey into their properties. By granting a tax reduction, the Law thus makes compulsory for the lessor to have his property occupied. The analysis of the housing occupancy obligation to the French Law makes appear two sorts of debtors, the tenant and the lessor, depending on two different legal foundations, alas, they are inadequate and we're going to prove it
Morange, Marianne. "Propriétaires et locataires en Afrique du Sud : politiques publiques et dynamiques résidentielles dans la ville post-apartheid : le cas de Port Elizabeth." Paris 8, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA082035.
Full textMarchand, Olivier. "Le contrat de bail." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010074.
Full textThis thesis is concerned with the filtering down of the quality of the dwellings, the tenure rent discounts observed in the rental housing markets and the role played by rent controls on the quality issue. Traditional literature shows that a segmented rental housing market leads to multiple equilibria conducting to numerous quality maintenance strategies by the landlords. This could explain the filtering down of the quality of the rental units, but not the tenure rent discounts. A model of "efficient rent", analogous to the efficient wage theory in labor, suggests a decreasing rent over the period of the lease as an incentive device by the landlord to increase the effort by the tenant to maintain the quality of the dwelling. We argue, however, that the "efficient rent" model is based on asymmetric information that does not prevail in the rental housing market, as information on the dwelling is acquired during the period of the lease. In the second part of the thesis, a new deterministic contractual model is proposed. The originality of this approach is to link positively the tenant's quality maintenance of the dwelling with the duration of the contract. The tenant's quality maintenance constitutes a "bequest" to the landlord at the end of the contract, which explains the tenure rent discount offered to the tenant. This contractual arrangement incites the landlord to reduce his level of maintenance of the dwelling, hence the observed filtering down. Compared to a situation where the tenant does not maintain the quality of the dwelling, our model is shown to be pareto improving. But the pareto optimal contract would entail the sale of the bequest to the landlord. We also show that rent controls have less influence on landlord's maintenance than usually thought a possible explanation of why controls are so widely used around the world. A hedonic price analysis tests this tenure rent discount model on a sample of french data. Finally, it is suggested that our approach can be applied to labor contractual arrangements
Cabrillac, Michel. "La notion de mesure d'expulsion." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX32015.
Full textThe study of a notion requires to give its definition and to expose its regulation. The notion of eviction measure is a dualistic notion since two meanings coexist within. The eviction measure is not only a constraining judiciary procedure but it is also a right to stand on a right. The eviction measure tends to stand on the right to execute legal decisions and the caller’s substantial right which can be the right of property, the principle of inviolability of human body and liberty of trade and industry. The rights which the measure garantees should be conciliated with rights the measure also runs up against that are housing right, human dignity and the right to strike. The eviction measure is subject to common rules that can be applied to all the evictions and specific rules that suit to specific situations which are the eviction of tenant in over indebtedness, tenant in collective procedure, violent spouse, squatters and strikers. The eviction measure can regard one people or a group, it can be individual or collective
François, Camille. "Déloger le peuple : l’Etat et l'administration des expulsions locatives." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080083.
Full textEvery year, nearly 165,000 indebted tenants are summoned to French housing courtsbecause of rent arrears. This number represents more than 1% of the renter households in thecountry. Based on an inquiry, both statistical and ethnographic, which we conducted in a destituedistrict in the Parisian suburbs, this dissertation sheds light on the unequal judicial trajectories of asample of indebted tenants facing a court summons, and analyzes the activity of the publicinstitutions in charge of collecting rent debts and carrying out eviction proceedings. The study firsthighlights the specific economic rationality which leads impoverished households to suspend thepayment of their rent rather than sacrifyng other domestic expenditures or taking out other types ofcredit. The dissertation then focuses on how landlords bring the dispute to court, and identifies thefactors of the judge's ruling in evictions cases. Thirdly, the research deals with the work of the localstate “eviction bureau” employees, who deliver legal authorizations to police eviction squads toexecute the court-orderedj physical removal of the defaulting renters who refuse to vacate thepremisses. By studying rent debts collection practices and legal eviction proceedings, thisdissertation shows how the State's legitimate violence, both physical and symbolic, enables thereproduction of the rental housing market
Andjechairi, Sarah. "L'obligation de non concurrence dans les baux commerciaux." Thesis, Perpignan, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PERP1195.
Full textIt is rooted in our law that the status of commercial leases is a protective status of tenants. But some aspects of the rental relationship have not been considered by that status. Foremost among these issues is competition. Indeed, although the status of commercial leases provides needed for sustainability of land used material stability, this stability can be undermined by the existence of competition in the immediate vicinity. Therefore, tenants, traders and artisans can see the operation of their business, and therefore their loyalty customers some little threatened. But this threat is even more noticeable when the landlord owns several premises within a building or building complex. It can of course come from the lessor himself if he decides to operate a similar business of his tenant, or come from the other housemates of the building. To protect himself, a non-competition or exclusivity clause is frequently inserted in commercial leases, to prohibit the debtor to carry on business in competition with that of the creditor. However, some ambiguity appears insofar as such provisions have a dual aspiration, namely the one hand economic efficiency by ensuring the attractiveness of the premises, and on the second hand, in terms of individual reports, a conservative in that they tend to "freeze" a favorable situation. The question of the legality of such a clause arises: it is therefore important to find a justification of the non-competition obligation in commercial leases
Laubé, Eric. "Le rôle du locatif privé dans l'habitat populaire : pour un renouveau des politiques du logement (Peshawar, N'Djamena, Cotonou, Calcutta, Dhaka, Conakry, Abidjan)." Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA080948.
Full textCadstedt, Jenny. "Influence and Invisibility : Tenants in Housing Provision in Mwanza City, Tanzania." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Stockholm university, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41037218j.
Full textTsalpatourou, Asimina. "L'effectivité du droit au logement en France." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01D013.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the effectiveness of the right to housing in French law, in the light of European and international law. The effectiveness of the right to housing has been an important issue in French law since several decades, which has strengthened its legal scope and has shown an acknowledgement of this fundamental right. The study of positive law shows that the right to housing is intended for being effective thanks to its multiple legal consecrations as well as its implementation thanks to an abundant and meticulous legal framework. However, the effectiveness of the right to housing comes up against many obstacles, linked both to the identification of its perimeter (its content and people who are entitled to this right) and its guarantors and its social nature depending on the socio-economic context and the material and legal means. The effectiveness of the right to housing is thus often compromised or reconsidered. That reveals quality and structure problems of the legal framework but also a lac k of engagement on the behalf of the state and local authorities, who limit their responsibility to strict assistance. The unique and solid legal consecration of the right to housing as a fundamental right, the respect of socio-economic developments and the responsibility of the state are necessary in order to fully assure the effectiveness of this right
Kohl, Sebastian. "Homeowner nations or nations of tenants : how historical institutions in urban politics, housing finance and construction set Germany, France and the US on different housing paths." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0030.
Full textThe thesis gives an answer to the question of why different countries ended up with different rates of homeowners and tenants in the 20th-century. The literature identifies Germanspeaking countries of low homeownership rates around 40% and English-speaking countries of high homeownership rates of more than 60%, with France falling in between the two groups. Moreover, most of these differences have persisted through the second half of the 20th-century and can be shown to reach back to different urban homeownership rates around 1900. The homeownership-question is of importance beyond the mere question of tenure as studies have associated homeownership questions with stability in financial crises, with embourgeoisement of the working-class in life-style, attitudes and voting behavior or with different unemployment rates. Existing explanations have used post-1980 international, regional or individual data to explain homeownership differences through socio-demographic, economic or urbanization differences, through a public-welfare/homeownership trade-off or else through cultural preferences. These explanations fail to account, however, for the persistent country differences that existed already prior to the 1980s and prior to government intervention in housing. The thesis, by contrast, goes back to 19th-century differences of urban organization, housing finance and the construction sector to claim that countries were historically set on different housing trajectories establishing differences hard to reverse in later periods. The US and Germany are chosen for historic case studies of the often opposed country groups. France is included to use the variables found for explaining why a country of similar welfare type as Germany kept a persistently higher urban homeownership rate. The thesis claims that different complementary institutions in city organization, the housing finance and construction industry locked countries into inert physical and institutional structures of either the compact tenement city-form in Germany or the suburbanized form of a city of homes like in the United States. More concretely, functional complementarities of public welfare cities, housing cooperatives, mortgage banks and a raftsmanship production of solid single-unit homes led to the German tenant-dominance, whereas private cities, savings and loans (SLAs) and a Fordist mass production of single-family homes created the American production regime in favor of more accessible homeownership. Though the thesis establishes the argument for Germany and the US in historic case studies, it tries to make plausible that it can be extended to other German- and English-speaking countries. The innovation of the thesis concerning the particular explanatory puzzle lies in its reference to relevant historical prior causes, its inclusion of the urban level of analysis and the combination of three institutional factors – urban organization, housing finance, construction – that even singly have not been put forward yet in comparative explanations. The thesis contributes to the literature on path dependencies that identifies distant occurrences as longterm causes for hard-to-reverse historical trajectories. On a theoretical level, the study contributes to research in a yet little noticed type of market, i.e. markets for durable goods whose use stretches over time, and which therefore requires history-directed explanations
Le, Floch Marie-Anne. "Le bail commercial dans les centres commerciaux." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020035/document.
Full textCommercial picture has changed over the past fifty years. Shopping centers now occupy a key position in real estate. However, usual legal frameworks such as coownership (copropriété), concession (concession immobilière) and attribution into possession (attribution en jouissance) have proven to be inappropriate. The present study provides to first demonstrate that the commercial lease remains the most appropriate contractual tool to organise relationships within a shopping center. One could however be surprised by such a success. Indeed, how could one explain that this legal technique, which was first created to protect traditionnal shopkeepers and their business from any eviction, soon became the favorite technique to organise shopping centers ? It can certainly not be ignored that commercial leases are partially governed by imperative rules. However, either the evolution of case-laws and the terms and conditions negotiated in such contracts intend to prove that the the so-called statut des baux commerciaux has adapted to specific characteristics of shopping centers. The present study intends to demonstrate that there is a class of commercial leases which is specifically adapted to shopping centers and derogates from the common status
Roussey, Ludivine. "Analyse économique des moyens et de l’organisation de la justice." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100165/document.
Full textThe means and organization of justice are important determinants of the efficiency of this institution. Nevertheless, these aspects still remain marginally studied in the economic analysis of law. After we have highlighted the need for an economic analytical framework of the relationships between the results of judicial activity, the means allocated to the system, the demand of justice and its organizational features, we directly contribute to the exploration of these relationships. First, thanks to a theoretical model, we demonstrate the existence of a multiplier effect of public expenditure on justice by focusing on the analysis of a particular type of disputes: rental ones. We thus demonstrate that a marginal increase in expenditures dedicated to the resolution of rental disputes significantly improves both the functioning of courts and the functioning of the rental market. Then, thanks to an econometrical test on original data – in particular the ones produced by the European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice – we show a positive and robust link between individuals' trust in justice and different budget-related variables. We argue that the justice budget plays a role as a signal of the institution's quality for agents whose knowledge about the reality of the judicial system is limited. Finally, using a double-sided moral hazard model applied to the production of justice, we analyze the relationship between the means and the organization of justice and then, between the organization and the results of judicial activity. We thus demonstrate that some of the equilibria of the strategic game between the agents who are responsible for the production of judicial services – the government and the magistrates – correspond to inefficient situations because magistrates are led to perform administrative tasks instead of the government, at the cost of a relatively low level of production of judicial services
Goyer, Renaud. "«Déménager ou rester là»: rapports sociaux inégalitaires dans l’expérience des locataires." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20814.
Full textFiawumor, Senyo. "Dynamiques résidentielles dans une ville ouest-africaine : déterminants du statut d'occupation du logement à Lomé (Togo)." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18421.
Full text«Adequate shelter for all and sustainable settlements development in an urbanizing world», strategy adopted in 1996 at the World Summit Habitat II of Istanbul and expressed in the Millennium Development Goals and now in Sustainable Development Goals, aims to provide a decent housing for the greatest number of households in the world and especially in sub-saharian African towns. Since then, access to adequate housing becomes an important issue for housing research in developing and sub-Saharan African countries where most of households still live in abject conditions of lack adequate water and sanitation services which, among others, typify the acute housing crisis they are facing up to. Housing policies and literature generally promote homeownership as the panacea to solve this size of the housing shortage. Assuming that this housing crisis in West Africa, especially in Lomé the capital of Togo, should be explained by the residential behavior of the households, who are self-help promoters in majority, this doctoral thesis try to answer the following general research question: Are the residential choices in Lomé, especially tenure choice, exclusively influenced by the occupier households’ characteristics? By a mixed approach of urban ecology based on multinomial logistic regression cross-study analyses applied to three data sources (RGPH4 2010, QUIBB 2011 and 2013 field survey data) supported by the life histories concerning the residential strategies of a sample of 411 households in four areas of Lomé chosen as empirical basis, the research confirms more or less the assumptions made, by the following main results: In connection with the general low residential mobility that characterizes the residential patterns in Lomé, households make their tenure choices through especially upward trajectories by developing strategies of «small steps», more according to their demographic profile (stage of life cycle, age, gender, migratory and marital status, type, size) than their socioeconomic status (income, employment, education). These residential choices are also determined by the characteristics of the existing residential parks (typology, location, access to basic services of housing). We find that owner-occupiers are often bi-parental households headed by men, older and larger than renter and free-holder households in Lomé. Native and long-term migrant households are more likely to be homeowners and long-term sharers than those who recently migrate. Homeowner households are overall well-off than free-holders, but they are not necessary wealthier and better educated than the renters. The thesis also shows that family house which mainly makes up the residential park of Lomé, is especially kept for renters, although it shelters households of all the tenures. We suggest that steady programmes of housing finance systems extended to all the sectors of the society, concentrated on the access of the current housing stock to basic services and on the supply, with the public technical support, of an improved version of family house, will largely contribute to offer a decent housing to most of the households in Lomé as elsewhere in West African cities, whether they are owner-occupiers, renters or sharers.