Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Locke, John (1632-1704) – Influence'
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Tête, Alain. "La psychologie & ses fantômes : contribution à l'épistémologie d'une histoire de la psychologie." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX10054.
Full textLenne, Cornuez Johanna. "Être à sa place. : Conscience de soi et moralité dans la philosophie de Rousseau." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses.paris-sorbonne.fr/2020SORUL090.pdf.
Full textContra a reading of Rousseau as the apostle of authenticity, the thesis shows that the subject's self-consciousness goes hand in hand with the realization of its place within its physical, moral and social relationships. Faced with the metaphysical, epistemological and political crisis of the concept of order, Rousseau sketches the genesis of a consciousness gaining access to the knowledge of its place and the formation of a moral will to act by standing in that place. Close study of Emile or On education shows, without dodging the tensions inherent to this pedagogical project, how to stand in one's place without being assigned to it from outside by relations of domination. Faced with the contradictions of the social system, Rousseau considers a set of strategies, especially fictional ones, in order to make possible the projection of an order that eludes political-social disorder, neutralizes self-identification to an exclusive and distinctive place, and allows the development of the capacity to put oneself in the place of others. Feeling in its place in a natural and then divine order, at a critical distance from the social order, the subject must nevertheless take place in it without denying its civil obligations. The thesis aims to solve the famous problem of Emile’s citizenship thanks to the acknowledgment and evaluation of the subject’s debt. Methodologically, the thesis pays particular attention to the Manuscripts and engages with other authors, in particular with Rousseau’s reading of Locke
Train, Filho Sergio. "A cidadania em John Locke." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279522.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Este trabalho visa à compreensão da cidadania em John Locke. Através da análise do estado de natureza, da teoria da propriedade e do estabelecimento das condições que levam os homens à elaboração do pacto formador da sociedade civil, busco compreender os argumentos da filosofia política de Locke sob os quais estariam estabelecidas duas leituras distintas a respeito da cidadania. Uma leitura tem por base a igualdade de poder político no estado de natureza e sua manutenção quando do estabelecimento da sociedade civil, o que acarretaria a isonomia de direitos e deveres dos cidadãos. Enquanto a outra entende que há uma diferenciação de direitos políticos entre os homens. Esta diferenciação teria por fundamento elementos de ordens distintas, como a manutenção de interesses político-econômicos e o uso diferenciado da razão, pensada no âmbito da moral teológica lockeana. A verificação de que ambas as leituras encontram respaldo na obra do filósofo suscita a ocorrência de ambigüidades que envolvem não apenas o seu pensamento político, mas também o de seus intérpretes. Para compreender essa ambiguidade, utilizo uma contextualização de autor e obra que permite dizer que há a diferenciação da cidadania, mas que ela é decorrente de um difícil projeto político de estabilização social que requer abordagens ambíguas. A idéia central dessa dissertação é, tendo por base a cidadania, estabelecer um ponto de partida para a compreensão das ambiguidades no pensamento de Locke. Um filósofo ao qual é possível atribuir ao mesmo tempo um caráter humanista cívico e individualista possessivo.
Abstract: The present work aims to understand citizenship in John Locke. Through the analysis of state of nature, property theory and the establishment of the conditions that take the men to the elaboration of compact of the civil society, we want to understand the arguments of the political philosophy of Locke under two distinct readings regarding citizenship. One reading has the base of equality of political power in estate of nature and its maintenance when the establishment of civil society would cause the isonomy of rights and duties of the citizens. However, the other understands that there is differentiation of political rights between the men. This differentiation would be based on distinct elements of orders, such as the maintenance of economic-political interests and the differentiated use of reason, thought on lockean theological moral scope. Both readings find endorsement in the philosopher work who excite the occurrence of ambiguities which involves not only its political thought but also its interprets. To understand this ambiguity, we use a contextualization of the author and work that allows saying that there is the differentiation of the citizenship, but that it is occurs from a difficult political project of social stabilization which require ambiguous approach. The main idea of this dissertation is, considering citizenship, to establish a starting point in order to understand the ambiguities on Locke's political thought. A philosopher that is possible to attribute, in the same time, a character civic humanist and possessive individualism.
Mestrado
Filosofia
Mestre em Filosofia
Aziz-Ouazzani, Saloua. "John Locke : termes, concepts et théorie." Lyon 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO20030.
Full textLocke's aim is to show how language can be a suitable means to express knowledge. He distinguishes between civil use and philosophical use of words. Knowing particulars contained in the signification of words is a necessary condition to the right use of language. Locke is the pioneer of the distinction between lexical words and terminology as well as componential analysis
Soccard, Sophie. "La tolérance chez John Locke : élaboration d’un concept : 1659-1704." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100101.
Full textIn 17th century England, toleration is at the heart of a theological controversy with ethical connotations : salvation is at stake, tied to the dignity of conscience, and raises the question of the civil coexistence of religions. In this context, the philosopher embarked upon a forty-year reflection on toleration. His quest – which sometimes lacked harmony – was founded upon a concept of rare complexity, touching on moral and judicial principles, as well as political imperatives, religious convictions and philosophical orientations. Locke’s research ended with the necessary resolution of multiple ambiguities and he drew up a proposition for toleration built on objective arguments – which guaranteed a separation of secular and spiritual interests – and on subjective arguments – which submitted the “government” of the self to ethical imperatives – likely to be compatible with the pluralist dimension of a society. The elaboration of the concept of toleration in the writings of Locke bears testimony to the difficulty of striking a balance between the objectivity of the civil law, the ignorance of mankind and the mystery of divine Truth. The invalidation of intolerance lays the foundations for a theory which enables us not to play tyrant either with our minds or with the minds of others
Dang, Ai-Thu. "Monnaie, éthique et économie politique : autour de John Locke." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010059.
Full textThe aim of this doctoral thesis is, first, to propose an interpretation of Locke's works on money in the light of his political and moral phylosophy. Locke's works, especially his economic writings, can be read as the development of a set of general responses to the question : how exchanges must be organized in the city in order to respect rules of justices and thus to prevent moral and social disorder from happening? Secondly, after examining the political and moral project which underlies Locke's analysis, we compare Locke's theory of private proprety to four contemporaries theories of justice. These theories are founded on a reinterpretation of the "Lockean proviso", which perlits to define the conditions of a just private appropriation. The reinterpretations of the "Lockean proviso" are analysed and we put in evidence the unstable feature of this proviso, which reappears again in the modern debates and reformulations
Tsuji, Yasuo. "Political thought of John Locke : relevance and fragility of modern identity." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=67525.
Full textHuang, Bin 1965. "Boyle and Locke on primary and secondary qualities." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60073.
Full textIt is in the Corpuscular Hypothesis that Boyle draws the distinction between primary and secondary qualities. Locke not only accepts the Corpuscular Hypothesis but also presents some arguments to support it.
Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 respectively examine the differences in the positions of Boyle and Locke on primary and secondary qualities, in their lists of primary qualities, the terminologies they employ, and the scopes of their discussions. Little attention has previously been paid to these differences.
Chapter 3 discusses the essence of the primary/secondary quality distinction. My point is that the distinction between primary and secondary qualities is really a distinction between two kinds of powers for both Boyle and Locke.
Namazi, Rasoul. "Le problème théologico-politique de John Locke." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0129.
Full textThis thesis is a reconstruction of John Locke’s political and moral philosophy around the theologico-political problem. It tries to study the evolution of Locke’s thought from is his earlier writings to the formulation of his mature ideas about the toleration, the law of nature and Christianity. According to the author, Locke has two doctrines, one esoteric and other exoteric. The first is a doctrine of natural utilitarianism, independent of Revelation, which considered in itself is largely sufficient as the foundation of a political order. But because of difficulties related to the discovery of the premises of natural law and its complete prescriptions, this doctrine must have recourse to a doctrine of natural law founded on divine sanctions; this is the exoteric doctrine. This second doctrine, in spite of its philosophical insufficiencies is one of the salutary myths which are the pillars of the Lockean regime. This doctrine answers the natural limits of human life: irrationality and contradiction between individual and public interest. In this sense, the real project of Locke is to found a “civil religion” for the constitution and the preservation of his political order
Smith, Murray. "Locke's Jews." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61759.
Full textPalomino, Flores Karl Humberto. "La preeminencia de la ley natural en la filosofía política de John Locke." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/13879.
Full textTesis
Caron, Louis Robert. "The philosophical reception of Thomas Willis (1621-1675) with particular reference to John Locke (1632-1704)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283885.
Full textBrum, Fábio Antonio. "Liberdade de consciência e lei natural em John Locke." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/25699.
Full textPillah, Niali Armand-Privat. "La dialectique de la majorité et de la minorité dans l'œuvre de Locke : actualité de Locke ?" Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010635.
Full textKernan, Dean. "Consent and political obligation : Richard Hooker to John Locke." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28089.
Full textArts, Faculty of
History, Department of
Graduate
Nascimento, Christian Lindberg Lopes do 1976. "Ciência e religião nos escritos educacionais de John Locke : a formação moral da criança." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254154.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Resumo: O presente trabalho tem o propósito de investigar o impacto do ensino da ciência e do ensino da religião na formação moral na criança, fazendo o recorte a partir dos escritos educacionais de John Locke, sem deixar de considerar as demais obras deste filósofo. Para tanto, serão examinados os referenciais teóricos que influenciaram o autor do Ensaio sobre o entendimento humano, como o ceticismo de Montaigne e o realismo baconiano, bem como a contribuição reformista para a educação. Do ponto de vista da teoria educacional de Locke, trata-se de problematizar a relação, em princípio controversa, que o autor estabelece entre o ensino da ciência e o ensino da religião para produzir determinada formação moral. A pesquisa trabalha com a hipótese de que, com esse tipo de formação moral, o autor visa a constituição de uma sociedade moralmente cristã. Dito isto, a presente tese é dividida em quatro capítulos. No primeiro, serão apresentados os antecedentes do pensamento educativo de John Locke. Em seguida, será feita a análise das principais obras do filósofo inglês, tendo como elemento norteador os temas da ciência, da religião e da moral. No capítulo terceiro, a investigação ficará alicerçada nas obras educativas dele, no qual os conteúdos educativos tornam-se central. No último capítulo, os conceitos de infância e de formação sofrerão uma breve consideração conceitual, para, em seguida, serem utilizados como fundamento para a reflexão acerca do tema da formação moral da criança em Locke. Do ponto de vista operacional, a presente investigação alicerça-se na hermenêutica como concepção metodológica, adotando a análise de conteúdo como método. Já os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados são a leitura, o fichamento, a análise dos dados coletados e a redação do texto propriamente dita. Por fim, adotou-se as obras de John Locke como fonte primária e a dos comentadores e/ou filósofos julgados como relevantes para o desenvolvimento da argumentação como secundária
Abstract: This paper aims to investigate the impact of science teaching and religious teaching in children¿s moral education, by emphasizing the educational writings of John Locke, without forgetting the other works of this philosopher. Therefore, the theoretical frameworks, as the skepticism of Montaigne and the Baconian realism, as well as the reformist contribution to education, which influenced the author of An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, will be examined. From the perspective of Locke¿s educational theory, it is necessary to discuss the relationship, at first controversial, that the author establishes between the science teaching and the religious teaching to produce a certain moral education. This research considers the hypothesis that, with this kind of moral education, the author aims the establishment of a society morally christian. Thus, this thesis is divided into four chapters. In the first, John Locke¿s history of educational thought will be presented. Then, the analysis of Locke¿s main works will be done, having as guiding elements the themes: science, religion and morals. In the third chapter, the research will be grounded in his educational works, in which educational content become central. In the last chapter, the concepts of childhood and education will have a brief conceptual consideration, to then be used as a basis for reflection on the theme of children¿s moral education in Locke. Regarding the operational point of view, this research is founded in hermeneutics as a methodological conception, adopting the content analysis as a method. The methodological procedures used were reading, book reporting and analysis of the collected data and drafting the text. Finally, John Locke¿s works were adopted as a primary source and the commentators and/or philosophers¿ works were judged relevant to the development of the argument as a secondary source
Doutorado
Filosofia e História da Educação
Doutor em Educação
Miqueu, Christophe. "Restaurer l'idée de citoyenneté à l'aube des Lumières : le républicanisme moderne de Locke et Spinoza." Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100132.
Full textMy thesis focuses on the new paradigm of citizenship that two main philosophers, belonging to the same generation, John Locke (1632-1704, English) and Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677, Dutch) had elaborated three-quarters of century before Rousseau and more than a century before the American and French revolutions. Seventeenth-century political theorists after Hobbes were facing a distinctly new issue : how could they to understand life in a political community now that the private sphere predominated ? The immediate answer for anyone working in the history of seventeenth-century political ideas is to reduce early modern political philosophy to social contract theory, and citizenship to artificial subjection ; and to think that Hobbes was the first to elaborate such a doctrine. Spinoza and Locke, however, immediately called his absolute subjection to the Leviathan theory into question. Rethinking citizenship in an intellectual context of civic crisis, they used traditional items from classical Republicanism and new ideas from natural right theories, especially Hobbes'individualistic principle. Locke and Spinoza are read here as two modern Republicans who combine the new logic of the citizen and the old logic of the duties of the citizen
González, Terán Diana Luz. "El derecho de propiedad privada en el liberalismo individualista : "de la teoría de la apropiación de Locke, al constitucionalismo chileno de 1810 a 1970"." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/109919.
Full textCakuls, Tom. "The individual, property and discursive practice in Burton and Locke /." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56959.
Full textIn this thesis, I examine two seventeenth-century authors--Robert Burton and John Locke--each of whom represents a different conception of individuality. Burton emulates communal conceptions of identity characteristic of the Middle Ages and Renaissance, while Locke describes an essentially modern, analytical individuality based on the control and possession of an objectified "other".
The theoretical framework for this analysis is derived from Michel Foucault and Timothy Reiss' description of the transition from the Renaissance to the seventeenth century as a transition between different epistemes or discourses. Throughout this thesis, I supplement this essentially structuralist approach with perspectives from Medieval, Renaissance and seventeenth-century cosmology, literary theory, political theory and epistemology.
Soulard, Delphine. "La fortune de l'oeuvre politique de John Locke dans la République des Lettres (1686-1704)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3011.
Full textIn the 1960s, Peter Laslett sparked some kind of revolution in Lockian studies, which rekindled an interest in the “intention” of the author. The field has been widely explored and historians now tend to focus their attention on the question of the “reception” of Locke's politics. However such studies mainly deal with the reception of Locke in England and America, leaving the field of the reception of Locke on the Continent virtually untrodden. And yet, it is a well-known fact that Locke spent great part of his life in exile, notably in Holland (1683-1689), where he moved in Huguenot circles. This allowed him to hone his ideas, and after his return to England, his good old friends took it upon themselves to spread his ideas in the whole of Europe.The aim of my doctoral thesis is to show how much the fortune of Locke's politics owes to the Huguenots of the Refuge, by studying the role of “intermediaries” that they played in reviewing Locke's works in the periodical press, in translating and editing Locke's political works in the Republic of Letters, thereby evading the ill fortune dooming Locke to being only known in England
Haumesser, Mathieu. "La sensualisation de l'entendement dans Locke et Kant : autour de l' " amphibologie des concepts de la réflexion "." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT3041.
Full textFor Kant, " transcendental reflection " is the action of distinguishing within our knowing what belongs to sensibility or understanding. In that respect, it is a central notion in Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. But it is also essential to the understanding of Kant's relation to classical philosophy. Indeed, it is about this notion that Kant takes a simultaneous stand on Leibniz and Locke, as he assignes them two symmetrical mistakes : Leibniz " intellectualized phenomena ", while Locke " sensualised the concepts of the understanding ". The present study proposes to show that this double reproach might constitute an original approach for the interpretation of the relation established by Kant between sensibility and understanding. The focus here will be to investigate how this is particularly relevant of Kant's reference to Locke. This study aims at assessing what type of value may be assigned to the sensitive metaphors that punctuate the questioning on understanding of both autors
Pereira, Ascisio dos Reis. "O projeto politico pedagogico de J. Locke para a modernidade : atualizações necessarias e releituras possiveis." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/252667.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Resumo: A tese apresentada discute o pensamento de John Locke, eminente pensador inglês do século XVII, que influência toda a modernidade desde o final do referido século. Está dividido o trabalho em cinco capítulos com a intenção de melhor delinear a forma de pensar do autor. No primeiro capítulo tratamos da idéia de estado de natureza, no segundo capítulo da passagem para a sociedade política, no terceiro discutimos o direito à propriedade, no quarto as possibilidades para uma ciência da moral e no quinto o seu modelo pedagógico para a sociedade moderna, através do texto: alguns pensamentos acerca da educação. Buscamos com este trabalho demonstrar a coerência e a consistência do pensamento de John Locke para a modernidade
Abstract: The thesis is about the John Locke¿s thought, eminent thinker English of the seventeen century, what influence all the modern age since the final of aforesaid century. This text is distributive in the five chapters whit the intention best to describe the form of sinking of philosopher. In the first chapter talk of idea de natural state, in the second chapter of pass for the politics society, in the third discussion of the law of property, in the fourth the possibility for the science of moral and the fifth his pedagogy¿s models for the moderns society, through of the text: some thought concerning of education. Searching across this text to demonstrate the coherence and the consistence of sinking of John Locke for the modern ages
Doutorado
Historia, Filosofia e Educação
Doutor em Educação
Sanchez, Pérez Jorge Humberto. "El sentido de la libertad en la obra de John Locke." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/15650.
Full textEl documento digital no refiere asesor
Presenta un análisis comparativo entre los elementos de la teoría epistemológica postulada y defendida públicamente por John Locke, particularmente recogida en el Ensayo sobre el entendimiento humano, y la teoría política planteada por él en los Dos tratados sobre el gobierno civil. Tal análisis permite evaluar la coherencia entre uno y otro, pudiendo definir si, finalmente, ambos trabajos podrían presentarse bajo una perspectiva lógica y sistémica. Tal análisis tiene relevancia directa para el estudio y apreciación de los textos políticos de Locke, en tanto el modelo liberal propuesto en tales textos es el predominante en el mundo occidental. Es decir, las aplicaciones prácticas de su obra se han manifestado a lo largo de cientos de años y corresponde conocer cuáles fueron las verdaderas valoraciones que el autor podría tener sobre tales obras. Tres preguntas claves son aquellas que guían el desarrollo de la presente investigación. La primera: ¿Cuál es la teoría epistemológica de Locke y cuál es su alcance y coherencia dentro de lo que propone? La segunda: ¿Cuáles son los fundamentos de la teoría política de Locke? Y la tercera y fundamental: ¿Cuáles son las relaciones que se desprenden de leer ambas esferas? Para lograr tal cometido la presente investigación se divide en 4 secciones. La primera está referida a la investigación acerca del entendimiento y el conocimiento en la obra epistemológica de Locke. En tanto es posible notar que existe un claro vacío sobre la discusión del propio concepto de entendimiento en Locke, se parte por tratar de llenar tal vacío en función de proponer una lectura coherente del total de su obra epistemológica. Luego se procedió a desarrollar el concepto y contenido de su teoría del conocimiento en sí misma, pasando por su teoría de las ideas y de las cualidades. En la segunda sección se abordan los límites de la teoría del conocimiento en Locke, tratando de comprender cuál es el lugar de la fe y cuál es su relación con respecto a la razón. Asimismo, se realiza la lectura de su teoría ética y los fundamentos que la misma utiliza, así como la evolución que la misma sufrió desde sus ensayos de juventud hasta su madurez intelectual en el Ensayo sobre el entendimiento humano. En la tercera se procede a desarrollar un esbozo de los presupuestos de su teoría política. La misma que no será presentada en función a la ya clásica distinción entre el estado de naturaleza y el estado de sociedad civil, sino en función a sus axiomas básicos y la construcción teorética que se deriva de los mismos, es decir, la teoría de los derechos naturales. De tal forma se trabajarán dentro de esta sección, la concepción del derecho a la vida, a los bienes materiales y a la libertad. Teniendo en cuenta una lectura que evalué la relevancia de las premisas teológicas dentro de su obra política. En la última sección se presentan las correspondientes evaluaciones de la lectura política planteada en los Dos tratados sobre el gobierno civil en base a las premisas y requisitos epistemológicos que reclamase Locke para todo conocimiento humano. De esa manera, se puede reconocer el nivel de relación que guardaba una esfera de trabajo con la otra, además de poder identificar las razones que pudieron llevar al autor bajo análisis a publicar uno de los documentos fundacionales de la teoría política liberal.
Spitz, Jean-Fabien. "Loi naturelle et souveraineté dans la philosophie politique de John Locke : essai de mise en perspective historique de la question de la limitation du pouvoir politique entre l'époque de Bracton et la "glorieuse révolution" d'Angleterre." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100014.
Full textThe invention of the concept of sovereignty contributed to the constitution of a centralized state able to protect individuals against private violence. But, having accomplished this task, the state appeared as a threat for liberty and security. At the same moment, the intellectual means previously used to conceptualize the limitation of political power ceased to be available for, as the twin concepts of natural morality and organic community faded out of the intellectual landscape, it was becoming impossible to limit the public norms enacted by the sovereign with anything else but private rights. One of the possible reactions to this problem has been a reflexion on the conditions necessary for preventing the state from becoming itself a mere replacement of private by public illegitimate violence. The contractarian principle and the idea of consent illustrate this first kind of reaction. Locke contributed to it, but he also contributed to another possible solution, based on the right of resistance as a consequence of the idea that the civil community is, before its institutionalized existence, an ethical community which creates political power for the defence of individual interest, but also for the defence of a common concept of what human nature is ; this common concept functions both as definition and limit for political power. But, if locke understands the necessity of this common ethical norm apart from the civil law of the state, his individualistic bent prevents him from finding clear intellectual means in order to articulate it fully. Thats's why his political philosophy is in balance between hobbes' individualism and the exigencies of a limited power
Diatkine, Daniel. "De la convention à l'illusion : les conceptions monétaires de Locke, Hume et de Smith, premiers textes." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010008.
Full textBarnabé, Gabriel Ribeiro. "A guerra externa em Hobbes, Locke e Grotius : realismo e racionalismo na teoria das relações internacionais." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/278705.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: O realismo e o racionalismo são dois paradigmas que refletem os eixos que orientam as relações internacionais; a cooperação e o conflito. O pensamento de Hobbes, que se aproxima do realismo, entende o cenário internacional como predominante de conflito devido aos Estados buscarem a acumulação indefinida de poder e possuírem o direito natural sobre todas as coisas. Os pensamentos de Locke e Grotius se aproximam do paradigma do racionalismo, pois acreditam que os Estados podem ser racionalmente induzidos à cooperação. Para Locke, o cenário internacional é de paz enquanto a lei natural for cumprida. A violação da lei natural autoriza uma guerra justa. De acordo com Grotius, o homem possui naturalmente o desejo de viver em sociedade ordenada segundo sua reta razão. Grotius conjuga realistas e racionalistas ao argumentar pelo estabelecimento de regras mínimas para o mínimo de sociabilidade. A violação dessas regras mínimas autoriza uma guerra justa. Concluiremos que os pensamentos dos três filósofos são complementares para uma visão unificada dos fenômenos internacionais
Abstract: Realism and rationalism are two paradigms which reflect the main lines guiding international relations: cooperation and conflict. Hobbes' ideas, which approach realism, envision the international scene as predominantly conflictuous due to a quest of States to reach indefinite accumulation of power and to possess the natural right over all things. The thoughts of Locke and Grotius approach the paradigm of rationalism, for their belief in that the States can rationally be induced into cooperation. For Locke, the international scene is of peace as long as there is a fulfillment of natural law - the breaking of which would authorize a fair war. According to Grotius, man naturally possesses the desire of living in a society ordained according to his right reason. Grotius conjugates realists and rationalists when arguing for the establishment of a minimum of rules for a minimum of sociability. The breaking of these minimum rules authorizes a fair war. We shall conclude that the thoughts of the three philosophers are complementary for a unified vision of the international phenomena
Mestrado
Mestre em Filosofia
Batista, Gustavo Araujo. "O naturalismo e o contratualismo em John Locke e em Jean-Jacques Russeau : convergencias mapeadas pela analise de algumas categorias de seus pensamentos a luz metodologica do materialismo historico-dialetico." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/251863.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Resumo : Este trabalho é uma síntese feita a partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica de filosofia comparada da educação, desenvolvida sobre dois tipos de pensamento pedagógico, elaborados, respectivamente, por John Locke (1632-1704) e por Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778); nessa pesquisa faz-se uma leitura de suas propostas pedagógicas à luz teórico-metodológica do materialismo histórico-dialético. Procurou-se contextualizar historicamente os dois autores abordados, com o intuito de demonstrar em que medida as rupturas e as permanências geradas pelas contradições nas infraestruturas econômicas das sociedades de suas respectivas épocas interferiram nas superestruturas políticas, filosóficas, intelectuais, religiosas e pedagógicas e, conseqüentemente, em suas trajetórias existenciais e em suas obras. Dividindo-se em três capítulos, no primeiro discorre-se sobre a contextualização histórica dos dois filósofos estudados, passando-se em revista os Séculos XVII e XVIII em seus vários aspectos, assim como nele se faz uma descrição acerca das biografias e das personalidades desses autores; no segundo incumbe-se de abordar os pensamentos lockeano e rousseauniano como um todo, ressaltando-se as principais categorias pelas quais seus autores estruturam e articulam as suas idéias acerca do conhecimento, da política, da religião e da tolerância; no terceiro aborda-se algumas categorias pedagógicas desses pensamentos, as quais, comparadas entre si, têm o intuito de aclarar as convergências entre os seus dois autores, ao mesmo tempo em que se procura ressaltar a influência que este recebe daquele em se tratando de constituir o seu pensamento pedagógico; também nesse capítulo são explicitadas as visões de mundo e de homem nas quais esses autores enquadrar-se-iam, assim como são tratadas outras categorias que permitem vincular os seus pensamentos não apenas entre si, mas sim às classes sociais para as quais suas obras constituem significado
Abstract : This work is a synthesis done from a bibliographical research of compared philosophy of education, developed about two kinds of pedagogical thinking, done, respectively, by John Locke (1632-1704) and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778); in that research one does a reading of their pedagogical proposals by the theoretical-methodological light of the historical-dialectical materialism. One looked for doing historically a context about the two authors approached, with the aim of showing in what measure the ruptures and the permanencies produced by the contradictions in the economical infrastructure of the societies of their respective eras interfered into the political, philosophical, intellectual, religious and pedagogical superstructures and, consequently, into their existential trajectories and into their works. Being divided into three chapters, in the first one discusses about the historical context of the two philosophers studied, passing on review the XVIIth and XVIIIth centuries in their several aspects, as well as in this it is done a description concerning the biographies and personalities of those authors; in the second one undertakes to approach the lockean and rousseaunian thoughts at all, standing out the main categories by which their authors structure and articulate their ideas concerning knowledge, politics, religion and toleration; in the third one approaches some pedagogical categories of those thoughts, that, compared to one another, have the aim of clearing the convergences between their two authors, at the same time on which one looks for standing out the influence that this receives from that in regarding of constructing his pedagogical thinking; also in this chapter are made explicit the visions of world and man into which those two authors would be fitted, as well as are treated others categories that permit to link their thoughts not only each other, but so to the social classes to which their works make meaning
Doutorado
Historia, Filosofia e Educação
Doutor em Educação
Cordeiro, Thais Cristina. "A formação do juízos morais na teoria moral de David Hume." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/45416.
Full textDissertaçao (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia. Defesa: Curitiba, 27/03/2013
Inclui referências : f. 64-65
Área de concentração: Historia da Filosofia Moderna e Comtemporânea
Resumo: Pretendo, neste trabalho, analisar a formação de conceitos na construção do sistema moral de Hume atrás de um debate entre o autor escocês e três representantes de sistemas morais distintos. Respectivamente John Locke e sua moral demonstrativa, Francis Hutcheson e a moral sentimentalista e por fim Thomas Hobbes e a moral egoísta. Hume elaborou um sistema moral inédito, mas não podemos desconsiderar que suas críticas e elogios a outros filósofos morais são fundamentais na constituição de seu projeto sobre as ações morais. Propomos neste trabalho, elencar três concepções distintas às quais Hume recorre para justificar seu ataque à tradição moral racionalista, às relações de ideias encontradas no Ensaio sobre o entendimento humano de John Locke. Focaremos esse ponto da teoria moral lockeana, pois Hume pretende provar que a moral não é passível de demonstração aos moldes da matemática, conforme pretendia Locke. Em seguida apresentaremos o elogio de Hume conferido aos sentimentalistas morais. Tomamos como representante da presente corrente Francis Hutcheson. Hume adota o moral sense e o rearranja conforme sua concepção própria. Por fim, apresentamos a moralidade em Thomas Hobbes, que é egoísta. Notamos que com essa conversa entre Hume e nossos filósofos escolhidos os papéis da razão e das paixões são recolocados de modo original para a época. Depois de expormos as teorias desses três filósofos, e de posicionarmos Hume, estruturando dessa maneira a sua edificação sobre a moralidade, pretendemos demonstrar como para a Hume a moral é regulada e podemos alcançar, a partir da própria natureza humana, juízos morais estáveis.
Abstract: I intend in this work to analyze important concepts in the construction of Hume's moral system behind a debate between the Scottish author and three representatives of different moral systems. Respectively John Locke and his moral demonstrative, Francis Hutcheson and moral sentimentalist and finally Thomas Hobbes and his selfish moral. Hume developed a novel system of morality, but we can not ignore that his criticisms and compliments the other moral philosophers are fundamental in the constitution of his Project. We propose in this paper, listing three different conceptions of which Hume uses to justify his attack on the moral rationalist tradition, on the relation of ideas found in the Essay concerning human understanding by John Locke. We will focus this point of Lockean moral theory, since Hume intends to prove that morality is not susceptible to molds demonstration of mathematics, as intended Locke. Then, we present the praise given to Hume's moral sentimentalists. We take this as representative of the current Francis Hutcheson. Hume adopts the moral sense and rearrange as your own design. Finally, we present morality in Thomas Hobbes, that is selfish. We note that this conversation between Hume and our philosophers chosen the roles of reason and the passions are replaced so original for its time. After exposing the theories of these three philosophers, and position ourselves Hume, thus structuring your edification about morality, we intend to demonstrate how Hume morality is regulated and can achieve from the very human nature, stable moral judgments.
Lèbre, Jérôme. "Hegel et la critique de l'analyse." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010582.
Full textAnalysis is generally considered to be a minor moment in the hegelian method. It assumes, however, a strange role in the overall hegelian system. This activity, which decomposes any representation, object or concept, initiates the false starts and false movements of reflexion, but it also helps the logical condensation of anthropological achievements, thus revealing the appropriation of the external world by a living subject, able to reach knowledge. It offers finally a specific view on dialectics itself. This study tries to make clear the relationships between several well known couples (analysis and synthesis of course, but also representative and empirical analysis, analytical judgment and analytical method, finite and infinite analysis) emphasizing various dialogues between hegel and other philosophers (especially Locke, Leibniz, Kant and Bergson). Two paradoxes are accorded particular attention. First, analysis is so immanent that it accounts for its objects by a series of identical propositions, and so explains nothing. Secondly, it is so formal that it seems to be valuable for any kind of object, even if it denatures the singularity of each. One can see how hegel, by articulating logic and method, grounds these paradoxes on the real genesis of knowledge, how he justifies them as useful in the fight against unsplittable totalities, and finally how he gets around them both by showing that rather than bringing out abstract characteristics, infinite analysis selects moments when works account for their authors, or points where individual, free and necessary decisions are expressed
Desombre, Villebrun Catherine. "Épistémologie et ontologie : une enquête sur la réception de l'empirisme en France au XVIIIème siècle." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040092.
Full textRamírez, i. Simon Wendy. "A lockean approach to examining the development and sustainability of contemporary democracies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/394032.
Full textBasse, Benoît. "La question philosophique de la peine de mort." Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100007.
Full textThis thesis is a study about the most significant philosophical writings on death penalty under the Enlightment period. Our main purpose is not to present the pros and cons on such a matter but to examine the possibility to give a rational foundation to a categorical condemnation of death penalty. Our aim is to determine wether one should understand the distance between opponents and supporters of such a punishment as a gap between rationality and passion or sensitivity. It is striking to notice that both sides tend to qualify their opponent's position as irrational. On one hand, those in favour of capital punishment are usually considered as blinded by a strong desire of revenge; on the other hand, abolitionists are accused of betraying justice because of their compassion toward criminals. But is the answer to the question of death penalty a matter of pure rationality? By studying the writings of those who opposed it (Beccaria, Bentham, Fichte) and those who supported it (Kant and John Stuart Mill), we came to the conclusion that it is totally hopeless to expect our reason alone to put an end to this debate. In reality, human reason is able to produce different conclusions depending on the premises we choose to consider as right. Our second conclusion is that it is even impossible to say that retributivism and utilitarianism in themselves support or oppose death penalty. Different versions and interpretations of these two theories lead their defenders to different positions. Finally we found in Jean-Jacques Rousseau's works some decisive elements in order to argue against death penalty without ending into dogmatic rationalism nor pure emotivism
Hantute, Eric. "L'idée de contrat politique au XVIIe et au XVIIIe siècles : entre transcendance,égoïsme et rationalité étendue (Pudendorf, Locke, Hobbes, Rousseau)." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040212.
Full textSilva, Mitieli Seixas da. "Lógica e formação de conceitos em Kant." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/148972.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to identify an answer to the question about the formation of the empirical concepts through the general logic in Kant. In order to obtain this aim, we worked on two tracks. First, we try to understand what is exactly the question which can be answered by general logic. For this, we start with a clue found in the Critique of pure reason, where Kant compares his own project with the one developed in John Locke’s work and, then, investigate how Locke explains the formation of general representations. Besides that, we proceed to analyse the Kantian notion of general logic, which is also realized in two steps: an historical approach of the influences received by the Georg F. Meier’s Auszug and the analysis of the Kantian Notes over Meier’s text on the nature and limits of general logic. Therefore, we could circumscribe our initial question: the general logic can explain only the form of concepts, namely, their generality. Secondly, we scrutinize the distinction between intuitions and concepts through the following criteria: immediacy/mediacy and singularity/generality. We suggest understanding the generality of concepts in terms of the capacity of “taking a partial representation as a ground of cognition”. So, the developed hypothesis was to look to the Kantian Notes on logic, especially its sections dedicated to the logical acts (comparison, reflection, abstraction) in order to find an explanation of the generation of general representations capable of being used by the understanding as a ground of cognition. After discussing and rejecting a possibility found in the specialized literature, we suggest an alternative to understanding the logical acts in the generation of the form of concepts. We defend, by the end, that the comparison and reflection are activities of: i) representing as partial, which cannot be explained exclusively by the reception of an object e; ii) taking that partial representation as a ground of cognition. On the other hand, the logical act of abstraction is the activity of separating representations: once we have a representation taken as a ground of cognition, it follows an activity of subordination of the thing represented according to what it has in common with others.
Benchekara, Mohammed. "Du mécanisme au libéralisme : essai sur la naissance de l'économie politique de Thomas Hobbes a Adam Smith." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100197.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to understand how Leibniz’s model was for a long time ignored as a paradigm allowing the thinking of the double autonomy of the social order and the individual which was not the case of the newton's model. The epistemological obstacles of the flowing of the economical thought take place in the metaphysical features and the epistemological postulates of newton's model. The political philosophy (Hobbes, Locke, and Hume) starts the transposition of newton's concepts in the social in different ways. For Hobbes, politics as to organist totally the civil society which is considerate as a machine. For Locke, politics (government) has ti help the emergence of a social order. For Hume, the society has a spontaneous organization using the economical bases. The political readjustment is much reduced. Using Leibniz’s model, Smith’s political economy creates the autonomy of the social order and the individual without political support, which is seen as a metaphysical interference of newton's god in the universe. This interference represents actually a brake to the autonomy of the individual and the society
Simon, Hadrien. "La réinvention de la conscience dans la naissance de la phénoménologie : une lecture pratique." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR125/document.
Full textThe phenomenological movement was born as a philosophy of consciousness, at the beginning of the XXth century. In this regard, it inherits a concept particularly marked by empiricism, from Locke to Brentano. As such, the rise of phenomenology can be interpreted as a historical event, and I therefore address the following question : “is the phenomenological concept of consciousness part of a continuum, or a more radical shift, regarding its tradition?”. On another side however, the texts that bear witness of this birth are also the work of an individual thinker, and the result of a thinking effort. To interpret them as such requires thus a very different approach. I propose in my work to offer the starting elements of a practical interpretation, precisely in the sense that philosophy, like any other practice, progresses by repetition of gestures. I therefore address the following question: “how can this repetition produce new results for the concept of consciousness?”. It is the junction, that wasn’t predetermined, of these two problems, that characterises my work. Therein, the concept of intention plays a central role. Initially dedicated to human action, it is however used to characterise the essence of the conscious act, in the Logical Investigations. Far from pretending unifying these two problems, I have only tried to articulate them, with the help of this concept
Dunand, Stéphane. "La réalité des couleurs." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10119.
Full textThis work tries to defend an objectivist theory of colour by a reconciliation of two theses generally considered as incompatible: physicalism, the theory that colours are scientific properties of objects, and revelation, the thesis that the nature of a colour is revealed by an experience of this colour. Those theses are considered as incompatible because colours are presented as qualities, while science is only about quantities. After a chapter about the history of the problem, showing how we can understand the modern controversy on secondary qualities thanks to the revelation thesis, I show how to understand revelation, distinguishing it from phenomenology, and claim that a correct theory of colour must support revelation. After that, I argue that colours are transitory events, not standing properties: light produce colours, which are effects of the interaction of light with matter or, for primary light sources, events happening in them. This thesis gives a partial answer to some arguments against objectivism, notably variability arguments. Above all, this new categorization of colour reconciles the qualitative chromatic descriptions of colours with their quantitative physical descriptions, thus allowing reconciliation between the manifest and the scientific images of the world
Bentouhami, Hourya. "Le dépôt des armes : la non-violence et la désobéissance civile comme déconstruction et reconstruction politique." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070069.
Full textBecause of the sacrifice and suffering notions they involve, non-violence and civil disobedience are often viewed either as a demonstration of passivity or a delayed action verging on powerlessness; or, conversely, as an heroic exercise of consciousness, demonstrating both an extraordinary willingness and a prophetic vision. Two conflictive interpretations, then, that lead to regard non-violence and civil disobedience, respectively, as an ethical defeat and a moral exceptionalism. This dual account meant their political disqualification which we find some signs of in the reluctance political philosophy shows in turning itself into a philosophy of occasion, despite its distinction from a philosophy of opportunity. But, in fact, non-violent résistance and civil disobedience rely more on the production of a breach, almost invisible (as sabotage does or as the night dust spreading of Antigone points out), than on the dismissal of a tyrant, like in the medieval theories of tyrannicide, or the extraordinary assault, justifîed by the classical theories of the right of résistance to oppression. Stepping out from the philosophy of tragic or enlightened, avant-garde models-bf consciousness, those practices can be dealt with within an ethics of defeat (distinct from of an ethical defeat). And far from being reduced to its military or pacifist logic, the principle of that ethics would aim, through the delaying of power governing and sovereignty, at the renewal of a politics of vulnerable bodies; renewal that doesn't turn out to be a contra-mundum dream invention, but the care about the political as community
Bouillot, Céline. "Enrichissement et conflits sociaux à la fin du XVIIe siècle : une comparaison de Colbert, Vauban et Locke." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E022.
Full textIn the 17th century, trade and war are deeply related (Pocock). Thus, authors from thatperiod gave a great importance to the links between conflicts and money. This PhD aims at understanding how the idea of money, as a precious metal, influences Colbert’s, Vauban’s and Locke’s thinking about the question of the enrichment. It further studies the implications of this approach for economic policy and social relations. These authors can be considered as« heterodox » in opposition to the orthodoxy of Adam Smith who sharply criticized their investigation of an appropriate quantity of money needed to ensure the good functioning of an economic system. In this framework, four questions are analysed. The first one discusses the social effects of a monetary economy in the form of the appearance of a conflict between the landed men and the moneyed men, that ultimately leads to the establishment of a civil government. The second one underlines the link between social relations and the required monetary policies: shall measures favour merchants’ interest or shall they maintain social stability? This brings the reader to the third question, which is to define the role of the government and its means of action. The government must ensure that an appropriate quantity of money, maintain a trade surplus and make money circulate. This can be achieved through a monetary stability or by implementing fiscal reform. Finally, the last question revolves around the role of international trade. According to these authors, it is mainly a mean allowing wealth which is created inside the country, to circulate. Besides, international trade is the only way to have inflows of precious metal, thus increasing the quantity of money in the country
Covu, Diégo. "Les formes du réalisme scientifique : l’empirisme de Locke et le naturalisme contemporain." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3078.
Full textThe very fact of being engaged in an explicative program, canonically called philosophical, calls us to this presupposition of an affinity between world and words. We propose in the introduction a coherentist approach to philosophical systems, defined as worldviews where ontology and epistemology are in charge of mutual support. In Locke’s empiricism, the epistemological line defined by his empiricism is coupled to a corpuscularist conception of reality. We’ll show that the lines of tension existing between those two positions are consolidated by a deeply realistic doxastic attitude, bringing to the famous thesis of the likeness between real and perceived first qualities. The science of that time is thus promoted by a rationalist line of a deep affinity between the categories that make our environment intelligible and the very reality. Today’s naturalism leans entirely on the intelligibility that we have of reality through scientific activities, so founding the reappearance of ontology as this ideal of rational access to reality, by means of largely a priori procedures, that our sciences flush. If the pretentions of the metaphysicians to meet those objectives have to be deceived, it seems more judicious to value the mathematical a priori which, pace Quine’s model of the seamless web of belief, seems empirically incorrigible. It’s unreasonable effectiveness in the heuristics of our fundamental sciences places effectively it in the very first line in the constitution of the different strata of objectivation of our environnement
Ducrocq, Myriam-Isabelle. "Le réalisme dans la pensée politique anglaise de la Grande Rébellion à la Glorieuse Révolution : à travers les oeuvres de Thomas Hobbes, James Harrington, Algernon Sydney et John Locke." Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030153.
Full textThe purport of this doctoral thesis is to bring in perspective four emblematic thinkers of the period of English history extending between The Great Rebellion and the Glorious Revolution : Thomas Hobbes, John Harrington, Algernon Sydney and John Locke. These authors, whose respective status and posterity widely differ, are divided by strong ideological differences : Hobbes was a proponent of absolutist government, Harrington and Sidney inclined in favour of a regime based on popular representation and John Locke was a partisan of parliamentary monarchy. Whatever their differences, these philosophers share a common attitude that consists in taking into account the real conditions presiding over the exercise of political power. This common perspective which has been described as political realism is founded on three main axes : the first one is the will to choose a foundation of all political organisations the principles of nature as evidenced by the historical study of human societies and rational analysis ; the second axis is to be found in their search for optimal conditions to ensure the preservation of the Commonwealth built on such foundation ; the third and last axis consists in taking into account the Commonwealth ‘s interest in the resolution of a certain number of fundamental political questions that prevailed during that period. We shall establish in conclusion that their common realism induces them to put forward similar propositions on the nature and extent of the power that political leaders must be entrusted with, whatever the chosen form of government may be
Darantière, Louis. "Du rôle de la théorie des idées dans la formation du criticisme kantien : essai sur l'esthétique transcendantale et sa gestation précritique, comparée à la méthode métaphysique de Descartes et Berkeley." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010527.
Full textJunqua, Amélie. "Joseph Addison et le langage." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070049.
Full textOur analysis focuses on Joseph Addison's conception and practice of language, as exposed in his periodical essays and more generally his prose. If Addisonian periodicals have been variously interpreted, it has seldom been considered how they could be also read as a possible popularization of Locke's theories on words, or more generally as a transmission of linguistic theories and cultural attitudes towards language to a vast readership (both in Europe and in America, and well until the XIXth century). We therefore endeavour in a first part to recreate Addison's social and cultural 'milieu,' to consider thé various conceptions of language it exposed him to, and to appreciate the respective influences of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. Our second part deals with the peculiar status Addison bestows upon John Locke, the latter becoming a philosophical landmark as well as an intellectual façade or mask for Joseph Addison; and questions the assumption that Addison wrote primarily as a popularizer. Our third part is devoted to Addison's practice and observation of language - his obsessive concern for signs, his amateur attempt at establishing a semiotics of urban space and sartorial codes - which yet rarely complies with Lockean theories. Addison's paradoxical interpretation and practice of linguistic theories lead him to the unsolved - and unsolvable - dead-end of ambiguity. This position however provides him with unbounded powers of literary creation, endlessly dividing yet enriching his periodical essays
Gittler, Bernard. "Rousseau et l'héritage de Montaigne." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1013.
Full textThe aim of this study is to analyze the role of Montaigne’s legacy in Rousseau’s philosophy.First, evidences and views of Rousseau’s reading of Montaigne have been examined in his published works and in his manuscripts. Editions in which Rousseau was reading Montaigne have also been identified.Then, mediations between Rousseau and Montaigne’s reception have been reviewed. Rousseau reads the Essais with the 18th century points of view. He relies on 17th century authors who judge Montaigne. Therefore, thanks to this philosophical tradition who deals with Montaigne, links between Montaigne and Rousseau are analysed.The implicit and explicit references to Montaigne in Rousseau’s work are triangulated. Rousseau quotes Montaigne to deal with Diderot, – translator of Shaftesbury, to defend natural religion as early as in his First Discourse on the Sciences and Arts.Rousseau has a political reading of the Essais. He denounces all kind of domination, and criticizes Montesquieu’s apology of luxury. The political reading of Montaigne increases in the second Discourse : the possessive individualism destroys the social link.Rousseau underlines the La Boétie’s principles in the Essais, which show the political depravation of society. The social link does not demand to follow moral rules against citizen’s interests. Humanity has to pursue a universal interest, which establishes a relationship between each human being and the whole humanity.Montaigne has a central position to understand the dialogues between Rousseau and Barbeyrac, Mandeville, and Locke. Rousseau refers to Montaigne when he defends his moral and politic fundamental principles
Kado, Déborah. "Le rôle des idées dans la connaissance singulière chez John Locke." Mémoire, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1765/1/M10735.pdf.
Full textJazbhay, Ahmed Haroon. "Locke, Spinoza and Rousseau on the relationship between religion and the state." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/883.
Full textThesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2009.
Duim, Gary. "Political Tolerance Of "Religious" Differences: An Exposition and Critique of the Lockean Theory, With An Alternative Approach." Thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10756/288483.
Full textMueser, Benjamin. "Negotiating Territorial Sovereignty: Pufendorf to Vattel." Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-jvc6-6b48.
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