Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Locomotion – Informatique'
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Hoinville, Thierry. "Evolution de contrôleurs neuronaux plastiques : de la locomotion adaptée vers la locomotion adaptative." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007VERS0022.
Full textLes recherches menées en robotique évolutionniste se sont avant tout focalisées sur l'évolution de contrôleurs neuronaux structurellement et paramétriquement figés, pour la locomotion de robots qui roulent, marchent, nagent ou volent. Cette démarche a permis la conception de contrôleurs bien adaptés à des environnements constants, mais non adaptatifs aux variations de ceux-ci. Pour y remédier, certains roboticiens ont suggéré de faire évoluer des neuro-contrôleurs non plus figés, mais plastiques. Notre approche s'inscrit dans ce revirement et vise à ce que les robots à pattes puissent adapter leur locomotion aussi bien aux perturbations extérieures, qu'aux éventuelles détériorations de leurs structures mécaniques. Nous proposons en premier lieu une revue des phénomènes de plasticiténeuronale et de leur modélisation, destinée essentiellement aux roboticiens. Nous dressons ensuite un état de l'art de l'évolution de neuro-contrôleurs plastiques et critiquons la plausibilité biologique des modèles développés. Notre première contribution s'inspire des travaux de la robotique évolutionniste et aborde le dilemme de l'évolution de contrôleurs à la fois flexibles et stables. Ainsi, nous employons des contraintes homéostatiques pour stabiliser la plasticité de contrôleurs assurant la locomotion d'un robot monopode confronté à une perturbation freinant son avancée. Notre deuxième contribution s'inspire des connaissances acquises sur les générateurs centraux de pattern (CPG) et leur plasticité. Ainsi,nous proposons l'évolution d'oscillateurs à relaxation soumis à neuromodulation pour la locomotion adaptative d'un robot myriapode confronté à d'éventuelles amputations de pattes
Poulin, Régis. "Architecture et commande d'une interface de locomotion utilisant un mécanisme parallèle entraîné à l'aide de câbles." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35381.
Full textQuébec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2019
Costis, Thomas. "Couplage perception-locomotion pour robot quadrupède autonome." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS0026.
Full textThis thesis presents a survey of perception-driven legged locomotion for robotics use. This research focuses on increasing the autonomy of the robot so it can adapt its gait according to the ground and the environment. In the first part, we present the visual perception system including colored object detection with a single video-camera. The perception system also incorporates different line detection algorithms, in order to get polygonal maps of the obstacles on the ground. Visual primitives are then used to localise the robot in a structured environment with respect to a segment and within an absolute reference frame. The experimental part is conducted on Sony quadruped robots and aims to implement autonomous behaviours such as line following or positionning relatively to polygonal shapes to cross or avoid obstacles
Farkhatdinov, Ildar. "Modélisation d'estimation de la verticalité pendant locomotion." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00993270.
Full textBELLAMY, PASCAL. "Methode d'analyse des systemes de locomotion de robots, et application a un quadrupede." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066057.
Full textDang, Duong. "Manipulation et locomotion en robotique humanoïde avec optimisation temps réel des pas." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00746513.
Full textLi, Haoyu. "Recent hidden Markov models for lower limb locomotion activity detection and recognition using IMU sensors." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEC041.
Full textThe thesis context is that of the quantified self, a movement born in California that consists in getting to know oneself better by measuring data relating to one’s body and activities. The research work consisted in developing algorithms for analyzing signals from an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) sensor placed on the leg to recognize different movement activities such as walking, running, stair climbing... These activities are recognizable by the shape of the sensor’s acceleration and angular velocity signals, both tri-axial, during leg movement and gait cycle.To address the recognition problem, the thesis work resulted in the construction of a particular hidden Markov chain, called semi-triplet Markov chain, which combines a semi-Markov model and a Gaussian mixture model in a triplet Markov model. This model is both adapted to the nature of the gait cycle, and to the sequence of activities as it can be carried out in daily life. To adapt the model parameters to the differences in human morphology and behavior, we have developed algorithms for estimating parameters both off-line and on-line.To establish the classification and learning performance of the algorithms, we conducted experiments on the basis of recordings collected during the thesis and on public dataset. The results are systematically compared with state-of-the-art algorithms
TARDIEU-MARS, CHRISTINE. "Mise au point d'une nouvelle methode informatisee d'analyse tridimensionnellede la marche bipede pour l'etude des deplacements des centres de gravite du corps : application a l'homme et aux primates non humains." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077263.
Full textAtchuthan, Dinesh. "Towards new sensing capabilities for legged locomotion using real-time state estimation with low-cost IMUs." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30316/document.
Full textEstimation in robotics is an important subject affected by trade-offs between some major critera from which we can cite the computation time and the accuracy. The importance of these two criteria are application-dependent. If the computation time is not important for off-line methods, it becomes critical when the application has to run on real-time. Similarly, accuracy requirements are dependant on the applications. EKF estimators are widely used to satisfy real-time constraints while achieving acceptable accuracies. One sensor widely used in trajectory estimation problems remains the inertial measurement units (IMUs) providing data at a high rate. The main contribution of this thesis is a clear presentation of the preintegration theory yielding in a better use IMUs. We apply this method for estimation problems in both pedestrian and humanoid robots navigation to show that real-time estimation using a low- cost IMU is possible with smoothing methods while formulating the problems with a factor graph. We also investigate the calibration of the IMUs as it is a critical part of those sensors. All the development made during this thesis was thought with a visual-inertial SLAM background as a mid-term perspective. Firthermore, this work tries to rise another question when it comes to legged robots. In opposition to their usual architecture, could we use multiple low- cost IMUs on the robot to get valuable information about the motion being executed?
Loudcher, Rabaseda Sabine. "Contributions à l'extraction automatique de connaissances : application à l'analyse clinique de la marche." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10309.
Full textNguyen, Nhat-Tan. "Human motion tracking from movie sequences." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28170/28170.pdf.
Full textHosni, Nadia. "De l’analyse en composantes principales fonctionnelle à l’autoencodeur convolutif profond sur les trajectoires de formes de Kendall pour l’analyse et la reconnaissance de la démarche en 3D." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I066.
Full textIn the field of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, human behavior understanding has attracted the attention of several research groups and specialized companies. Successful intelligent solutions will be playing an important role in applications which involve humanrobot or human-computer interaction, biometrics recognition (security), and physical performance assessment (healthcare and well-being) since it will help the human beings were their cognitive and limited capabilities cannot perform well. In my thesis project, we investigate the problem of 3D gait recognition and analysis as gait is user-friendly and a well-accepted technology especially with the availability of RGB-D sensors and algorithms for detecting and tracking of human landmarks in video streams. Unlike other biometrics such as fingerprints, face or iris, it can be acquired at a large distance and do not require any collaboration of the end user. This point makes gait recognition suitable in intelligent video surveillance problems used, for example, in the security field as one of the behavioral biometrics or in healthcare as good physical patterns. However, using 3D human body tracked landmarks to provide such motions’ analysis faces many challenges like spatial and temporal variations and high dimension. Hence, in this thesis, we propose novel frameworks to infer 3D skeletal sequences for the purpose of 3D gait analysis and recognition. They are based on viewing the above-cited sequences as time-parameterized trajectories on the Kendall shape space S, results of modding out shape-preserving transformations, i.e., scaling, translation and rotation. Considering the non-linear structure of the manifold on which these shape trajectories are lying, the use of the conventional machine learning tools and the standard computational tools cannot be straightforward. Hence, we make use of geometric steps related to the Riemannian geometry in order to handle the problem of nonlinearity. Our first contribution is a geometric-functional framework for 3D gait analysis with a direct application to behavioral biometric recognition and physical performance assessment. We opt for an extension of the functional Principal Component Analysis to the underlying space. This functional analysis of trajectories, grounding on the geometry of the space of representation, allows to extract compact and efficient biometric signatures. In addition, we also propose a geometric deep convolutional auto-encoder (DCAE) for the purpose of gait recognition from time-varying 3D skeletal data. To accommodate the Neural Network architectures to obtained manifold-valued trajectories on the underlying non-linear space S, these trajectories are mapped to a certain vector space by means of someRiemannien geometry tools, prior to the encoding-decoding scheme. Without applying any prior temporal alignment step (e.g., Dynamic Time Warping) or modeling (e.g., HMM, RNN), they are then fed to a convolutional auto-encoder to build an identity-relevant latent space that showed discriminating capacities for identifying persons when no Temporal Alignment is applied to the time-parametrized gait trajectories: Efficient gait patterns are extracted. Both approaches were tested on several publicly available datasets and shows promising results
France, Laure. "Simulation graphique d'un robot bipède dans un environnement structuré." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004831.
Full textDu, Tremblay Charles. "Interactions haptiques de simulation à l'aide de CyberGloves." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21054.
Full textRida, Imad. "Temporal signals classification." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMIR01/document.
Full textNowadays, there are a lot of applications related to machine vision and hearing which tried to reproduce human capabilities on machines. These problems are mainly amenable to a temporal signals classification problem, due our interest to this subject. In fact, we were interested to two distinct problems, humain gait recognition and audio signal recognition including both environmental and music ones. In the former, we have proposed a novel method to automatically learn and select the dynamic human body-parts to tackle the problem intra-class variations contrary to state-of-art methods which relied on predefined knowledge. To achieve it a group fused lasso algorithm is applied to segment the human body into parts with coherent motion value across the subjects. In the latter, while no conventional feature representation showed its ability to tackle both environmental and music problems, we propose to model audio classification as a supervised dictionary learning problem. This is done by learning a dictionary per class and encouraging the dissimilarity between the dictionaries by penalizing their pair- wise similarities. In addition the coefficients of a signal representation over these dictionaries is sought as sparse as possible. The experimental evaluations provide performing and encouraging results
Dubois, Amandine. "Mesure de la fragilité et détection de chutes pour le maintien à domicile des personnes âgées." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070972.
Full textHovnanian, Jessica. "Méthode de frontières immergées pour la mécanique des fluides : application à la simulation de la nage." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00835013.
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