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Journal articles on the topic 'Locomotion Interaction'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Wu, Michael, Stefan M. Brudzynski, and Gordon J. Mogenson. "Functional interaction of dopamine and glutamate in the nucleus accumbens in the regulation of locomotion." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 71, no. 5-6 (1993): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y93-061.

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The interaction of dopamine and glutamate in the nucleus accumbens in the regulation of locomotion was investigated. Microinjection of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA, a glutamatergic NMDA receptor agonist) or α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA, a quisqualic receptor agonist which is a glutamatergic non-NMDA receptor agonist) into the nucleus accumbens caused a substantial increase in locomotor activity. This increase in locomotor activity was significantly reduced by prior administration of the dopamine D2 agonist quinpirole, but not the D1 agonist, SKF 38393, into the same

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2

Ren, Lin, Ling Yuan, Qingyu Gao, Rui Teng, Jing Wang, and Irving R. Epstein. "Chemomechanical origin of directed locomotion driven by internal chemical signals." Science Advances 6, no. 18 (2020): eaaz9125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz9125.

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Asymmetry in the interaction between an individual and its environment is generally considered essential for the directional properties of active matter, but can directional locomotions and their transitions be generated only from intrinsic chemical dynamics and its modulation? Here, we examine this question by simulating the locomotion of a bioinspired active gel in a homogeneous environment. We find that autonomous directional locomotion emerges in the absence of asymmetric interaction with the environment and that a transition between modes of gel locomotion can be induced by adjusting the

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3

Han, Yuanfeng, Ratan Othayoth, Yulong Wang, et al. "Shape-induced obstacle attraction and repulsion during dynamic locomotion." International Journal of Robotics Research 40, no. 6-7 (2021): 939–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0278364921989372.

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Robots still struggle to dynamically traverse complex 3D terrain with many large obstacles, an ability required for many critical applications. Body–obstacle interaction is often inevitable and induces perturbation and uncertainty in motion that challenges closed-form dynamic modeling. Here, inspired by recent discovery of a terradynamic streamlined shape, we studied how two body shapes interacting with obstacles affect turning and pitching motions of an open-loop multi-legged robot and cockroaches during dynamic locomotion. With a common cuboidal body, the robot was attracted towards obstacle

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Hasson, Christopher J., and Sarah E. Goodman. "Learning to shape virtual patient locomotor patterns: internal representations adapt to exploit interactive dynamics." Journal of Neurophysiology 121, no. 1 (2019): 321–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00408.2018.

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This work aimed to understand the sensorimotor processes used by humans when learning how to manipulate a virtual model of locomotor dynamics. Prior research shows that when interacting with novel dynamics humans develop internal models that map neural commands to limb motion and vice versa. Whether this can be extrapolated to locomotor rehabilitation, a continuous and rhythmic activity that involves dynamically complex interactions, is unknown. In this case, humans could default to model-free strategies. These competing hypotheses were tested with a novel interactive locomotor simulator that

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Kawashima, Noritaka, Daichi Nozaki, Masaki O. Abe, and Kimitaka Nakazawa. "Shaping Appropriate Locomotive Motor Output Through Interlimb Neural Pathway Within Spinal Cord in Humans." Journal of Neurophysiology 99, no. 6 (2008): 2946–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00020.2008.

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Direct evidence supporting the contribution of upper limb motion on the generation of locomotive motor output in humans is still limited. Here, we aimed to examine the effect of upper limb motion on locomotor-like muscle activities in the lower limb in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). By imposing passive locomotion-like leg movements, all cervical incomplete ( n = 7) and thoracic complete SCI subjects ( n = 5) exhibited locomotor-like muscle activity in their paralyzed soleus muscles. Upper limb movements in thoracic complete SCI subjects did not affect the electromyographic (EMG) patter

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Boletsis, Costas, and Jarl Erik Cedergren. "VR Locomotion in the New Era of Virtual Reality: An Empirical Comparison of Prevalent Techniques." Advances in Human-Computer Interaction 2019 (April 1, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7420781.

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The latest technical and interaction advancements within the virtual reality (VR) field have marked a new era, not only for VR, but also for VR locomotion. In this era, well-established, prevalent VR locomotion techniques are mostly used as points of comparison for benchmarking of new VR locomotion designs. At the same time, there is the need for more exploratory, comparative studies of contemporary VR locomotion techniques, so that their distinguished interaction aspects can be documented and guide the design process of new techniques. This article presents a comparative, empirical evaluation

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MacKay-Lyons, Marilyn. "Central Pattern Generation of Locomotion: A Review of the Evidence." Physical Therapy 82, no. 1 (2002): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/82.1.69.

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Abstract Neural networks in the spinal cord, referred to as “central pattern generators” (CPGs), are capable of producing rhythmic movements, such as swimming, walking, and hopping, even when isolated from the brain and sensory inputs. This article reviews the evidence for CPGs governing locomotion and addresses other factors, including supraspinal, sensory, and neuromodulatory influences, that interact with CPGs to shape the final motor output. Supraspinal inputs play a major role not only in initiating locomotion but also in adapting the locomotor pattern to environmental and motivational co

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Nagarkar, Amit, Won-Kyu Lee, Daniel J. Preston, et al. "Elastic-instability–enabled locomotion." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 8 (2021): e2013801118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013801118.

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Locomotion of an organism interacting with an environment is the consequence of a symmetry-breaking action in space-time. Here we show a minimal instantiation of this principle using a thin circular sheet, actuated symmetrically by a pneumatic source, using pressure to change shape nonlinearly via a spontaneous buckling instability. This leads to a polarized, bilaterally symmetric cone that can walk on land and swim in water. In either mode of locomotion, the emergence of shape asymmetry in the sheet leads to an asymmetric interaction with the environment that generates movement––via anisotrop

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Calisti, M., G. Picardi, and C. Laschi. "Fundamentals of soft robot locomotion." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 14, no. 130 (2017): 20170101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0101.

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Soft robotics and its related technologies enable robot abilities in several robotics domains including, but not exclusively related to, manipulation, manufacturing, human–robot interaction and locomotion. Although field applications have emerged for soft manipulation and human–robot interaction, mobile soft robots appear to remain in the research stage, involving the somehow conflictual goals of having a deformable body and exerting forces on the environment to achieve locomotion. This paper aims to provide a reference guide for researchers approaching mobile soft robotics, to describe the un

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10

Hayes, Heather Brant, Young-Hui Chang, and Shawn Hochman. "An In Vitro Spinal Cord–Hindlimb Preparation for Studying Behaviorally Relevant Rat Locomotor Function." Journal of Neurophysiology 101, no. 2 (2009): 1114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.90523.2008.

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Although the spinal cord contains the pattern-generating circuitry for producing locomotion, sensory feedback reinforces and refines the spatiotemporal features of motor output to match environmental demands. In vitro preparations, such as the isolated rodent spinal cord, offer many advantages for investigating locomotor circuitry, but they lack the natural afferent feedback provided by ongoing locomotor movements. We developed a novel preparation consisting of an isolated in vitro neonatal rat spinal cord oriented dorsal-up with intact hindlimbs free to step on a custom-built treadmill. This

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11

Viana Di Prisco, Gonzalo, and Simon Alford. "Quantitative Investigation of Calcium Signals for Locomotor Pattern Generation in the Lamprey Spinal Cord." Journal of Neurophysiology 92, no. 3 (2004): 1796–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00138.2004.

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Locomotor pattern generation requires the network coordination of spinal ventral horn neurons acting in concert with the oscillatory properties of individual neurons. In the spinal cord, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) activates neuronal oscillators that are believed to rely on Ca2+ entry to the cytosol through voltage-operated Ca2+ channels and synaptically activated NMDA receptors. Ca2+ signaling in lamprey ventral horn neurons thus plays a determinant role in the regulation of the intrinsic membrane properties and network synaptic interaction generating spinal locomotor neural pattern activity.

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Othayoth, Ratan, George Thoms, and Chen Li. "An energy landscape approach to locomotor transitions in complex 3D terrain." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 26 (2020): 14987–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1918297117.

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Effective locomotion in nature happens by transitioning across multiple modes (e.g., walk, run, climb). Despite this, far more mechanistic understanding of terrestrial locomotion has been on how to generate and stabilize around near–steady-state movement in a single mode. We still know little about how locomotor transitions emerge from physical interaction with complex terrain. Consequently, robots largely rely on geometric maps to avoid obstacles, not traverse them. Recent studies revealed that locomotor transitions in complex three-dimensional (3D) terrain occur probabilistically via multipl

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13

Liang, Jing Nong, and David A. Brown. "Impaired foot-force direction regulation during postural loaded locomotion in individuals poststroke." Journal of Neurophysiology 110, no. 2 (2013): 378–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00005.2013.

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Following stroke, hemiparesis results in impaired motor control. Specifically, inappropriate direction of foot-forces during locomotion has been reported. In our previous study ( Liang and Brown 2011 ) that examined poststroke foot-force direction during a seated, supported locomotor task, we observed that foot-force control capabilities were preserved poststroke. In this current study, we sought to better understand the mechanisms underlying the interaction of locomotor and postural control as an interactive mechanism that might interfere, poststroke, with appropriate foot-force generation. W

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Yazawa, Itaru, and Seiji Shioda. "Reciprocal functional interactions between the respiration/circulation center, the upper spinal cord, and the trigeminal system." Translational Neuroscience 6, no. 1 (2015): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tnsci-2015-0008.

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AbstractThe interplay of neural discharge patterns involved in “respiration”, “circulation”, “opening movements in the mandible”, and “locomotion” was investigated electrophysiologically in a decerebrate and arterially perfused in situ rat preparation. Sympathetic tone increased with increases in perfusion flow rate. All nerve discharges became clearly organized into discharge episodes of increasing frequency and duration punctuated by quiescent periods as the perfusion flow rate increased at 26&#186;C. The modulated sympathetic tone at 10× total blood volume/ min activated the forelimb pa

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Scharenbrock, Amanda R., Hannah J. Schiffman, Zachariah P. G. Olufs, David A. Wassarman, and Misha Perouansky. "Interactions among Genetic Background, Anesthetic Agent, and Oxygen Concentration Shape Blunt Traumatic Brain Injury Outcomes in Drosophila melanogaster." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 18 (2020): 6926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186926.

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Following traumatic brain injury (TBI), the time window during which secondary injuries develop provides a window for therapeutic interventions. During this time, many TBI victims undergo exposure to hyperoxia and anesthetics. We investigated the effects of genetic background on the interaction of oxygen and volatile general anesthetics with brain pathophysiology after closed-head TBI in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. To test whether sevoflurane shares genetic risk factors for mortality with isoflurane and whether locomotion is affected similarly to mortality, we used a device that gen

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Mazouchova, Nicole, Nick Gravish, Andrei Savu, and Daniel I. Goldman. "Utilization of granular solidification during terrestrial locomotion of hatchling sea turtles." Biology Letters 6, no. 3 (2010): 398–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.1041.

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Biological terrestrial locomotion occurs on substrate materials with a range of rheological behaviour, which can affect limb-ground interaction, locomotor mode and performance. Surfaces like sand, a granular medium, can display solid or fluid-like behaviour in response to stress. Based on our previous experiments and models of a robot moving on granular media, we hypothesize that solidification properties of granular media allow organisms to achieve performance on sand comparable to that on hard ground. We test this hypothesis by performing a field study examining locomotor performance (averag

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17

Preest, M. R., and F. H. Pough. "Interaction of Temperature and Hydration on Locomotion of Toads." Functional Ecology 3, no. 6 (1989): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2389501.

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18

Cornwell, James F. M., Olivia Mandelbaum, Allison Turza Bajger, Raymond D. Crookes, David H. Krantz, and E. Tory Higgins. "Locomoting Larks and Assessing Owls: Morality from Mode and Time of Day." Social Cognition 39, no. 1 (2021): 59–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/soco.2021.39.1.59.

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Moral psychology is used to explore the interaction between regulatory mode (locomotion; assessment) and diurnal preference (“early birds”; “night owls”). Moral and immoral behavior was partly explained by an interaction between regulatory mode and the time of day the task took place. In Studies 1a and 1b, we established a relation between self-reported diurnal preference and regulatory mode using both a chronic measure and an induction: stronger locomotion preferring an earlier time of day; stronger assessment preferring a later time of day. In Study 2, we show that those with a locomotion pr

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19

Pérez del Pulgar Mancebo, Carlos Jesús Pérez del Pulgar, Pablo Romeo Manrique, Gonzalo Jesús Paz Delgado, José Ricardo Sánchez Ibáñez, and Martin Azkarate. "Choosing the Best Locomotion Mode in Reconfigurable Rovers." Electronics 8, no. 7 (2019): 818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8070818.

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The use of autonomous rovers for planetary exploration is crucial to traverse long distances and perform new discoveries on other planets. One of the most important issues is related to the interaction between the rover wheel and terrain, which would help to save energy and even avoid getting entrapped. The use of reconfigurable rovers with different locomotion modes has demonstrated improvement of traction and energy consumption. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to determine the best locomotion mode during the rover traverse, based on simple parameters, which would be obtained from p

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20

Biewener, Andrew, and Thomas Daniel. "A moving topic: control and dynamics of animal locomotion." Biology Letters 6, no. 3 (2010): 387–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0294.

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Animal locomotion arises from complex interactions among sensory systems, processing of sensory information into patterns of motor output, the musculo-skeletal dynamics that follow motor stimulation, and the interaction of appendages and body parts with the environment. These processes conspire to produce motions and forces that permit stunning manoeuvres with important ecological and evolutionary consequences. Thus, the habitats that animals may exploit, their ability to escape predators or attack prey, their capacity to manoeuvre and turn, or the use of their available energy all depend upon

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21

Dawson, Cody, Parker Henley, Adam Schroeder, et al. "23 Effects of Rubber Matting on Cattle Locomotion Scores in Slatted Facilities." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_1 (2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.040.

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Abstract The objective was to determine effects of interlocking rubber floor matting in slatted indoor cattle feeding facilities on cattle locomotion. In experiment 1, Fall-born Angus × Simmental steers (N = 206; BW = 228 ± 34 kg) were blocked by weight and assigned to 32 pens. Pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: new Max Grip Animat matting (MG), new Animat Pebble matting (PEB), old Animat Pebble matting (OLD), and no matting/concrete slating (CONC). Steers were fed a common diet for 209 d with an average stocking density of 3.70 m2 per steer. Locomotion scores were assigned by t

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Ko, Hyeongseok, and James Cremer. "VRLOCO: Real-Time Human Locomotion from Positional Input Streams." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 5, no. 4 (1996): 367–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres.1996.5.4.367.

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Virtual reality applications, especially in entertainment and training, require environments populated with multiple interacting humans. Whether the virtual humans are controlled by real people or by computer programs, a large portion of their activity will involve locomotion. This paper presents VRLOCO, a “locomotion engine” designed to meet the locomotion requirements of virtual environments. First, VRLOCO is broadly capable; it includes five locomotion primitives—walking, running, lateral stepping, turning around, and backward stepping—and can blend smoothly between primitives during transi

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Gordon, Ian T., Mary J. Dunbar, Kimberly J. Vanneste, and Patrick J. Whelan. "Interaction Between Developing Spinal Locomotor Networks in the Neonatal Mouse." Journal of Neurophysiology 100, no. 1 (2008): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00829.2007.

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At birth, thoracosacral spinal cord networks in mouse can produce a coordinated locomotor-like pattern. In contrast, less is known about the cervicothoracic networks that generate forelimb locomotion. Here we show that cervical networks can produce coordinated rhythmic patterns in the brain stem-spinal cord preparation of the mouse. Segmentally the C5 and C8 neurograms were each found to be alternating left-right, and the ipsilateral C5 and C8 neurograms also alternated. Collectively these patterns were suggestive of locomotor-like activity. This pattern was not dependent on the presence of th

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Myslivecek, Jaromir. "Two Players in the Field: Hierarchical Model of Interaction between the Dopamine and Acetylcholine Signaling Systems in the Striatum." Biomedicines 9, no. 1 (2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9010025.

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Tight interactions exist between dopamine and acetylcholine signaling in the striatum. Dopaminergic neurons express muscarinic and nicotinic receptors, and cholinergic interneurons express dopamine receptors. All neurons in the striatum are pacemakers. An increase in dopamine release is activated by stopping acetylcholine release. The coordinated timing or synchrony of the direct and indirect pathways is critical for refined movements. Changes in neurotransmitter ratios are considered a prominent factor in Parkinson’s disease. In general, drugs increase striatal dopamine release, and others ca

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Ramia, M., D. L. Tullock, and N. Phan-Thien. "The role of hydrodynamic interaction in the locomotion of microorganisms." Biophysical Journal 65, no. 2 (1993): 755–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3495(93)81129-9.

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Chen, J., W. O. Friesen, and T. Iwasaki. "Mechanisms underlying rhythmic locomotion: body-fluid interaction in undulatory swimming." Journal of Experimental Biology 214, no. 4 (2011): 561–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.048751.

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Segers, Veerle. "Neuromechanical interaction during locomotion : Bipedal gait transition as a paradigm." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 153, no. 2 (2009): S135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.04.242.

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Dietz, Cornelia, and Reinhard Schnetter. "Interaction of two myosins with microfilaments causes locomotion inLabyrinthula sp." Protoplasma 206, no. 1-3 (1999): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01279256.

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Samuel, S. K., R. A. Hurta, M. A. Spearman, J. A. Wright, E. A. Turley, and A. H. Greenberg. "TGF-beta 1 stimulation of cell locomotion utilizes the hyaluronan receptor RHAMM and hyaluronan." Journal of Cell Biology 123, no. 3 (1993): 749–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.123.3.749.

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TGF-beta is a potent stimulator of motility in a variety of cell types. It has recently been shown that hyaluronan (HA) can directly promote locomotion of cells through interaction with the HA receptor RHAMM. We have investigated the role of RHAMM and HA in TGF-beta-stimulated locomotion and show that TGF-beta triggers the transcription, synthesis and membrane expression of the RHAMM receptor and the secretion of HA coincident with the induction of the locomotory response. This was demonstrated by both incubating cells with exogenous TGF-beta 1 and by stimulating the production of bioactive TG

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Etienne, A. S., R. Maurer, and V. Séguinot. "Path integration in mammals and its interaction with visual landmarks." Journal of Experimental Biology 199, no. 1 (1996): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.199.1.201.

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During locomotion, mammals update their position with respect to a fixed point of reference, such as their point of departure, by processing inertial cues, proprioceptive feedback and stored motor commands generated during locomotion. This so-called path integration system (dead reckoning) allows the animal to return to its home, or to a familiar feeding place, even when external cues are absent or novel. However, without the use of external cues, the path integration process leads to rapid accumulation of errors involving both the direction and distance of the goal. Therefore, even nocturnal

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Schmitt, David E., Russell H. Hill, and Sten Grillner. "The Spinal GABAergic System Is a Strong Modulator of Burst Frequency in the Lamprey Locomotor Network." Journal of Neurophysiology 92, no. 4 (2004): 2357–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00233.2004.

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The spinal network coordinating locomotion is comprised of a core of glutamate and glycine interneurons. This network is modulated by several transmitter systems including spinal GABA interneurons. The purpose of this study is to explore the contribution of GABAergic neurons to the regulation of locomotor burst frequency in the lamprey model. Using gabazine, a competitive GABAA antagonist more specific than bicuculline, the goal was to provide a detailed analysis of the influence of an endogenous activation of GABAA receptors on fictive locomotion, as well as their possible interaction with GA

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Flammang, Brooke E., George V. Lauder, Daniel R. Troolin, and Tyson E. Strand. "Volumetric imaging of fish locomotion." Biology Letters 7, no. 5 (2011): 695–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0282.

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Fishes use multiple flexible fins in order to move and maintain stability in a complex fluid environment. We used a new approach, a volumetric velocimetry imaging system, to provide the first instantaneous three-dimensional views of wake structures as they are produced by freely swimming fishes. This new technology allowed us to demonstrate conclusively the linked ring vortex wake pattern that is produced by the symmetrical (homocercal) tail of fishes, and to visualize for the first time the three-dimensional vortex wake interaction between the dorsal and anal fins and the tail. We found that

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Marsh, William E., Jonathan W. Kelly, Veronica J. Dark, and James H. Oliver. "Cognitive Demands of Semi-Natural Virtual Locomotion." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 22, no. 3 (2013): 216–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00152.

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There is currently no fully natural, general-purpose locomotion interface. Instead, interfaces such as gamepads or treadmills are required to explore large virtual environments (VEs). Furthermore, sensory feedback that would normally be used in real-world movement is often restricted in VR due to constraints such as reduced field of view (FOV). Accommodating these limitations with locomotion interfaces afforded by most virtual reality (VR) systems may induce cognitive demands on the user that are unrelated to the primary task to be performed in the VE. Users of VR systems often have many compe

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Yasa, Immihan Ceren, Hakan Ceylan, Ugur Bozuyuk, Anna-Maria Wild, and Metin Sitti. "Elucidating the interaction dynamics between microswimmer body and immune system for medical microrobots." Science Robotics 5, no. 43 (2020): eaaz3867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aaz3867.

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The structural design parameters of a medical microrobot, such as the morphology and surface chemistry, should aim to minimize any physical interactions with the cells of the immune system. However, the same surface-borne design parameters are also critical for the locomotion performance of the microrobots. Understanding the interplay of such parameters targeting high locomotion performance and low immunogenicity at the same time is of paramount importance yet has so far been overlooked. Here, we investigated the interactions of magnetically steerable double-helical microswimmers with mouse ma

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Ochoa, Julieth, Dagmar Sternad, and Neville Hogan. "Treadmill vs. overground walking: different response to physical interaction." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 4 (2017): 2089–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00176.2017.

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Rehabilitation of human motor function is an issue of growing significance, and human-interactive robots offer promising potential to meet the need. For the lower extremity, however, robot-aided therapy has proven challenging. To inform effective approaches to robotic gait therapy, it is important to better understand unimpaired locomotor control: its sensitivity to different mechanical contexts and its response to perturbations. The present study evaluated the behavior of 14 healthy subjects who walked on a motorized treadmill and overground while wearing an exoskeletal ankle robot. Their res

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oliveira Berretta, Luciana, Alexandre Cardoso, Edgard Lamounier, Fabrizzio Alphonsus Alves de Melo Nunes Soares, Milena Oliveira Silva, and Deller James Ferreira. "Locomotion Interface with Natural Interaction for Assisting Mobility of Visually Impaired." IEEE Latin America Transactions 13, no. 7 (2015): 2384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tla.2015.7273802.

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Robatzek, Merrilee, and James H. Thomas. "Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II Regulates Caenorhabditis elegans Locomotion in Concert With a Go/Gq Signaling Network." Genetics 156, no. 3 (2000): 1069–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/156.3.1069.

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Abstract Caenorhabditis elegans locomotion is a complex behavior generated by a defined set of motor neurons and interneurons. Genetic analysis shows that UNC-43, the C. elegans Ca2+/calmodulin protein kinase II (CaMKII), controls locomotion rate. Elevated UNC-43 activity, from a gain-of-function mutation, causes severely lethargic locomotion, presumably by inappropriate phosphorylation of targets. In a genetic screen for suppressors of this phenotype, we identified multiple alleles of four genes in a Go/Gq G-protein signaling network, which has been shown to regulate synaptic activity via dia

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Su, Jianbo. "Motion Compression for Telepresence Locomotion." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 16, no. 4 (2007): 385–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres.16.4.385.

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A telepresence system enables a user in a local environment to maneuver in a remote or virtual space through a robotic operator (agent). In order to ensure a high degree of telepresence realism, it is critical that the local user has the ability to control the remote agent's movement through the user's own locomotion. The required motion of the remote agent is determined according to its environment and the specific task it is to perform. The local user's environment is usually different from that of the remote agent in terms of the shapes and dimensions. A motion mapping is needed from the re

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Robertson, Benjamin D., and Gregory S. Sawicki. "Unconstrained muscle-tendon workloops indicate resonance tuning as a mechanism for elastic limb behavior during terrestrial locomotion." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 43 (2015): E5891—E5898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1500702112.

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In terrestrial locomotion, there is a missing link between observed spring-like limb mechanics and the physiological systems driving their emergence. Previous modeling and experimental studies of bouncing gait (e.g., walking, running, hopping) identified muscle-tendon interactions that cycle large amounts of energy in series tendon as a source of elastic limb behavior. The neural, biomechanical, and environmental origins of these tuned mechanics, however, have remained elusive. To examine the dynamic interplay between these factors, we developed an experimental platform comprised of a feedback

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Dunlevy, J. R., and J. R. Couchman. "Controlled induction of focal adhesion disassembly and migration in primary fibroblasts." Journal of Cell Science 105, no. 2 (1993): 489–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.105.2.489.

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Fibroblast migration is an integral component of biological processes such as wound healing and embryogenesis. Previous experiments examining fibroblast locomotion from tissue explants have shown that migrating fibroblasts lack, or contain only transient, focal adhesions (focal contacts). Focal adhesions are specialized regions of tight cell-matrix interaction, assembled by a complex process of transmembrane signalling. Although the explant model has been used for studying several aspects of fibroblast locomotion, it is limited by the lack of control over migration, and only a small percentage

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Rantala, Jussi, Jari Kangas, Olli Koskinen, Tomi Nukarinen, and Roope Raisamo. "Comparison of Controller-Based Locomotion Techniques for Visual Observation in Virtual Reality." Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 5, no. 7 (2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti5070031.

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Many virtual reality (VR) applications use teleport for locomotion. The non-continuous locomotion of teleport is suited for VR controllers and can minimize simulator sickness, but it can also reduce spatial awareness compared to continuous locomotion. Our aim was to create continuous, controller-based locomotion techniques that would support spatial awareness. We compared the new techniques, slider and grab, with teleport in a task where participants counted small visual targets in a VR environment. Task performance was assessed by asking participants to report how many visual targets they fou

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Balter, Jaclyn E., and E. Paul Zehr. "Neural Coupling Between the Arms and Legs During Rhythmic Locomotor-Like Cycling Movement." Journal of Neurophysiology 97, no. 2 (2007): 1809–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01038.2006.

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Neuronal coupling between the arms and legs allowing coordinated rhythmic movement during locomotion is poorly understood. We used the modulation of cutaneous reflexes to probe this neuronal coupling between the arms and legs using a cycling paradigm. Participants performed rhythmic cycling with arms, legs, or arms and legs together. We hypothesized that any contributions from the arms would be functionally linked to locomotion and would thus be phase-dependent. Reflexes were evoked by electrical stimulation of the superficial peroneal nerve at the ankle, and electromyography (EMG) was recorde

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Silva, Manuel F., J. A. Tenreiro Machado, and António M. Lopes. "Modelling and simulation of artificial locomotion systems." Robotica 23, no. 5 (2005): 595–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574704001195.

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This paper describes a simulation model for a multi-legged locomotion system with joints at the legs having viscous friction, flexibility and backlash. For that objective the robot prescribed motion is characterized in terms of several locomotion variables. Moreover, the robot body is divided into several segments in order to emulate the behaviour of an animal spine. The foot-ground interaction is modelled through a non-linear spring-dashpot system whose parameters are extracted from the studies on soil mechanics. To conclude, the performance of the developed simulation model is evaluated thro

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Beato, M., and A. Nistri. "Interaction Between Disinhibited Bursting and Fictive Locomotor Patterns in the Rat Isolated Spinal Cord." Journal of Neurophysiology 82, no. 5 (1999): 2029–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.82.5.2029.

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Using a transverse barrier that allowed discrete application of neurochemicals to certain lumbar regions of the rat isolated spinal cord, we studied the intersegmental organization of rhythmic patterns recorded extracellularly from ventral roots and intracellularly from single motoneurons. Fictive locomotor patterns were elicited by serotonin (5-HT) and/or N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) or high K+ solution applied to the rostral or caudal lumbar region of the cord. Neither 4-aminopyridine nor Mg2+-free solution shared this property. Coapplication of strychnine and bicuculline (blockers of fast sy

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Schmelter, Thereza, Levente Hernadi, Marc Aurel Störmer, Frank Steinicke, and Kristian Hildebrand. "Interaction Based Redirected Walking." Proceedings of the ACM on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques 4, no. 1 (2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3451264.

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With a significant improvement in virtual reality (VR) devices, the number of interaction-based applications for consumers and industrial products is naturally increasing. As a result, many people can use VR in their homes or offices where they are limited by the physical tracking space. One way to overcome this limitation of natural walking is to use perception-inspired locomotion techniques such as redirected walking (RDW). RDW utilizes imperfections of human perception to introduce small changes like rotations or translations to steer the user away from the tracking boundaries. In this work

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Videler, J. J., U. K. Muller, and E. J. Stamhuis. "Aquatic vertebrate locomotion: wakes from body waves." Journal of Experimental Biology 202, no. 23 (1999): 3423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.23.3423.

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Vertebrates swimming with undulations of the body and tail have inflection points where the curvature of the body changes from concave to convex or vice versa. These inflection points travel down the body at the speed of the running wave of bending. In movements with increasing amplitudes, the body rotates around the inflection points, inducing semicircular flows in the adjacent water on both sides of the body that together form proto-vortices. Like the inflection points, the proto-vortices travel towards the end of the tail. In the experiments described here, the phase relationship between th

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Lee, David V., John E. A. Bertram, Jennifer T. Anttonen, Ivo G. Ros, Sarah L. Harris, and Andrew A. Biewener. "A collisional perspective on quadrupedal gait dynamics." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 8, no. 63 (2011): 1480–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2011.0019.

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The analysis of terrestrial locomotion over the past half century has focused largely on strategies of mechanical energy recovery used during walking and running. In contrast, we describe the underlying mechanics of legged locomotion as a collision-like interaction that redirects the centre of mass (CoM). We introduce the collision angle, determined by the angle between the CoM force and velocity vectors, and show by computing the collision fraction, a ratio of actual to potential collision, that the quadrupedal walk and gallop employ collision-reduction strategies while the trot permits great

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Fletcher, Kelsey L., Brittany N. Whitley, Lisa A. Treidel, et al. "Voluntary locomotor activity mitigates oxidative damage associated with isolation stress in the prairie vole ( Microtus ochrogaster )." Biology Letters 11, no. 7 (2015): 20150178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0178.

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Organismal performance directly depends on an individual's ability to cope with a wide array of physiological challenges. For social animals, social isolation is a stressor that has been shown to increase oxidative stress. Another physiological challenge, routine locomotor activity, has been found to decrease oxidative stress levels. Because we currently do not have a good understanding of how diverse physiological systems like stress and locomotion interact to affect oxidative balance, we studied this interaction in the prairie vole ( Microtus ochrogaster ). Voles were either pair housed or i

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Huang, Wei Dong, Jin Song Bao, and You Sheng Xu. "Dynamics Simulation of Rover Locomotion over Lunar Craters." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 1222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.1222.

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Rover dynamics simulation is an essential component of its 3-D visualization platform. Here we present a Bekker theory-based rover soft-soil dynamics model to accurately reflect the wheel-ground interaction as the rover navigates on the lunar surface. A rover dynamics model was then established using the multi-body dynamics simulation system, Vortex, with an integrated soft-soil dynamics computing module, to carry out whole vehicle simulation, which revealed the kinetics features of rover locomotion in the complex lunar terrain.

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Iyengar, Atulya, Jordan Imoehl, Atsushi Ueda, Jeffery Nirschl, and Chun-Fang Wu. "Automated Quantification of Locomotion, Social Interaction, and Mate Preference in Drosophila Mutants." Journal of Neurogenetics 26, no. 3-4 (2012): 306–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01677063.2012.729626.

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