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Journal articles on the topic 'Locus of control scale'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 24 June 2025

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1

Bunch, J. M., and H. G. Schneider. "Smoking-Specific Locus of Control." Psychological Reports 69, no. 3_suppl (1991): 1075–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1991.69.3f.1075.

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A smoking-specific locus of control scale was developed by modifying a drinking-related locus of control scale. The new scale, Rotter's I-E scale, and a smoking questionnaire were administered to 70 subjects. Estimates of reliability indicated that the new scale had reasonably high internal consistency. Scores differed as a function of subjects' reports of their addiction to cigarettes but not as a function of their current smoking status. 15 addicted individuals scored more externally on the new scale than did 24 nonaddicted individuals. There were no differences for scores on the Rotter I-E scale as a function of reported addiction or smoking status. The new scale appears to be a more sensitive measure of locus of control than Rotter's scale. The two locus of control scales were not significantly correlated, indicating their independence. Individuals apparently maintain a distinct locus of control for smoking rather than having a general expectation for control.

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2

Hendryadi, Hendryadi. "PENGEMBANGAN SKALA LOCUS OF CONTROL." Jurnal Riset Manajemen dan Bisnis (JRMB) Fakultas Ekonomi UNIAT 2, no. 3 (2017): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36226/jrmb.v2i3.76.

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This article aims to develop a short form of the locus of control scale. The study was conducted in two stages: a study of 66 respondents as pilot testing which aims to test content validity, structure validity, and internal consistency. Study 2 was conducted on 328 respondents used to test the validity and reliability of the scale evaluated by the PLS-SEM method (such as internal consistency, convergent validity, and discriminant validity). The analysis concludes that the 8-item locus of control scales tested have adequate validity and reliability. A short form locus of control scale was developed and validated in this study, so it can be used in future research and evaluation for HR management practitioners in employee selection  Keywords: locus of control, EFA, CFA, scale construction

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3

Odule, Christopher Yemi. "RELIGIOSITY AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN COLLEGES OF EDUCATION IN OGUN STATE." Nigerian Educational Digest (NED) Volume 12, No. 1, June 2012 (2012): 218–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7775549.

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The study examined the relationship among religiosity, locus of control and academic achievement of students in Colleges of Education in Ogun State. The subjects comprised 125 students randomly selected from two colleges of education in Ogun State. A Religiosity Scale fashioned in line with Strayhorn Religiosity Scale (1990) was used to assess the religiosity level of the students; an adapted version of Rotter's Locus of Control Scale (1966) was utilized to measure students’ locus of control score and an Academic Achievement Scale was used to measure students’ academic achievement. Data were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation statistic. The result showed that religiosity and locus of control were in moderate positive correlation with achievement in Measurement and Evaluation. In addition, a significant positive correlation was also established between religiosity and students’ locus of control. The study recommended among others that advisors should go beyond the academic field and help students to improve and understand how their perception of self and their environment may shape their academic performance.

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4

Smith, Lawrence, Evelien Spelten, and Paul Norman. "Shiftwork locus of control: Scale development." Work & Stress 9, no. 2-3 (1995): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678379508256557.

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5

Ferraro, Laurie A., James H. Price, Sharon M. Desmond, and Stephen M. Roberts. "Development of a Diabetes Locus of Control Scale." Psychological Reports 61, no. 3 (1987): 763–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1987.61.3.763.

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The purpose of the study was to develop a diabetes locus of control scale and to assess its validity and reliability. Factor analysis of the items was conducted utilizing varimax orthogonal rotation. Three factors were identified representing Internal (6 items), Chance (6 items) and Powerful Others (6 items) orientations. The subscales were internally consistent, Cronbach alphas were .75, .77 and .72 for the Internal, Chance, and Powerful Others scales. Test-retest reliabilities were for the subscales, Internal .77, Chance .72, and Powerful Others .66. Criterion-related validity with the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scale was established. Reading level was at tenth grade. It is recommended that the more specific Diabetes Locus of Control scale be utilized in studies assessing locus of control for diabetics.

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6

Royal, K. Good, and David Rutherford. "Construct Validation Study of the Fear of Powerlessness Scale." Psychological Reports 75, no. 3_suppl (1994): 1529–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.75.3f.1529.

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To establish construct validity with 129 subjects for the Fear of Powerlessness Scale parallels were drawn among Levenson's Locus of Control Scales, the Fear of Powerlessness, and the Desire for Control Scale. Analysis yielded significant correlations between scores on the Fear of Powerlessness Scale, the Desire for Control Scale (negative), and 2 of Levenson's Locus of Control Scales, the Chance Scale and the Powerful Others Scale (positive).

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7

., Lalhmingmawii, and H. K. Laldinpuii. "Locus of Control and Spirituality in Opioid Dependence." Mind and Society 10, no. 03-04 (2021): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.56011/mind-mri-103-420217.

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The aim of this study was to find out if Locus of Control and Spirituality play a role in opioid dependence (opioid user group). The participants (N=120; 60 opioid user group and 60 non-user gender matched group) completed a questionnaire comprising of demographic information, Multidimensional Locus of Control Scales (Levenson, H., 2009) and Spiritual Attitude and Involvement List (SAIL; De Jager Meezenbroek, E et al., 2012). The results indicated that the opioid user group scored higher in the external locus of control scales (Powerful others scale and Chance scale) as compared to the non-user group in the Multidimensional Locus of Control Scales. There was a significant difference between the two groups in the Spiritual Attitude and Involvement List (SAIL) where the non-user group scored higher in all the subscales. Correlational analysis indicated that in the opioid user group, Internal Scale was significantly positively related to SAIL (Caring for Others), while Powerful others was significantly negatively related to SAIL (Trust). In the non-user group, there was a significant positive relationship between Chance Scale with both Internal Scale and the Powerful Others Scale while Internal Scale was significantly positively related to all the SAIL subscales such as Trust, Caring for Others and Transcendent experiences. The results were found to be consistent with similar researches done in the past and has hence reiterated the importance of religious and spiritual based intervention in substance treatment programs as well as the necessity to readjusting one’s locus of control to deal effectively with substance use.

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8

Mikawa, James K., Ken Nordin, and Jim Eyman. "The Self-Consciousness Scale and Locus of Control." Psychological Reports 59, no. 2 (1986): 939–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1986.59.2.939.

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The Self-consciousness Scale has three factors, private self-consciousness, public self-consciousness, and social anxiety. It was expected that high private self-consciousness would facilitate tendencies toward internal locus of control. No relationship, however, was found between private self-consciousness and internal locus of control. Low to moderate correlations were found between locus of control, as measured by the Rotter I-E Scale and the Levenson Multidimensional Locus of Control Scale, and public self-consciousness and social anxiety. Public self-consciousness and social anxiety reflect concerns about the impact of others and external events. A total of 118 undergraduate students participated in the study, 65 women and 53 men.

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9

Houts, Sandra S., and Rex H. Warland. "Age and Locus of Control among Women Food Preparers." Psychological Reports 65, no. 1 (1989): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.65.1.227.

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While it is theoretically plausible that locus of control and age are related, findings reported in the literature remain inconclusive. We suggest that the inconsistent results may be effects of differences in locus of control scale instruments used. For instance, will scales assuming multidimensionality of locus of control yield different results from scales assuming unidimensionality of the construct? Similarly, will scales that consist of general items produce results different from those scales that are research topic specific? Findings of two studies are reported. Both used locus of control scales specific to beliefs about food and health, but one was unidimensional, the other two-dimensional. Respondents in the two national telephone surveys were 406 and 461 women. The unidimensional scale produced a negative, linear relationship between age and locus of control: older women were more external than were younger women. In contrast, both dimensions of the two-dimensional scale formed quadratic relationships with age. The internal dimension showed internal beliefs increasing until age 60, then decreasing The relation between age and belief in powerful others/fate weakened until about age 50, then strengthened again. The latter findings suggest that, particularly in late middle age and on matters concerning food and health, internal and external beliefs are neither mutually exclusive nor necessarily inconsistent.

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10

McInish, Thomas H., and Mei Yan Lee. "Multidimensionality of Rotter's Locus of Control Scale." Psychological Reports 61, no. 1 (1987): 273–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1987.61.1.273.

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McInish and Srivastava recently examined the multidimensionality of Rotter's Locus of Control Scale for common stock investors. Following principal-component analysis with a varimax rotation, these authors extracted nine factors using the scree test and the latent root criterion. Replication using the Very Simple Structure index yields a single-factor solution. Parkes' two-factor solution using the same Very Simple Structure technique is obtained only if principal-factor analysis is employed to obtain the initial factor pattern.

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11

Sapp, Stephen G., and Wendy J. Harrod. "Reliability and Validity of a Brief Version of Levenson's Locus of Control Scale." Psychological Reports 72, no. 2 (1993): 539–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.72.2.539.

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A 9-item locus of control scale was constructed from Levenson's (1974) 24-item locus of control scale. Principal components and second-order factor analyses of responses from 129 undergraduates indicated satisfactory reliability and construct validity of the reduced scale. Structural equation analysis using a scaled measure of perceived risk supported the predictive validity of the reduced scale.

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12

Kamrani, Farhan, Farrukh Kamrani, and Nabila Kamrani. "Impact of Locus of Control on Brand Loyalty in the Adults of Karachi, Pakistan." Journal of Professional & Applied Psychology 4, no. 4 (2023): 523–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52053/jpap.v4i4.241.

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The current study was an attempt to investigate the relationship between locus of control and brand loyalty. To know the predictive relationship between these variables, a stratified sample of 400 adult participants (200 male, 200 female) aged between 20-40 years was asked to complete scales for measuring the locus of control scale (Levenson, 1973) and brand loyalty scale (Sheth et al., 1999). Simple linear regression analysis reveals that locus of control (internal or external) is a significant predictor of brand loyalty. If the internal locus of control is higher in an individual, their brand loyalty will subsequently be less or decreased. External locus of control would mean higher brand loyalty.

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13

Nelson, Paul A., and Sangeeta Singg. "Locus of Control, Sex, and Attitudes toward Suicide." Psychological Reports 83, no. 1 (1998): 353–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.83.1.353.

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A sample of 191 college students were administered the Suicide Opinion Questionnaire and the Rotter Locus of Control Scale. Significant differences in endorsement were obtained on 2 of the 8 Suicide Opinion Questionnaire scales with respect to sex and locus of control.

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14

Karnes, Frances A., and J. Christopher McGinnis. "Self-Actualization and Locus of Control of Gifted Children in Fourth through Eighth Grades." Psychological Reports 76, no. 3 (1995): 1039–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.76.3.1039.

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Self-actualization and locus of control were investigated with 76 intellectually gifted children in Grades 4 through 8 using the Reflections of Self by Youth (ROSY) and the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale for Children. Gender differences were nonsignificant on either scale. The 7 eighth-grade subjects scored significantly lower than children in all other grades on the Nowicki-Strickland scale, suggesting a more internal locus of control for the few older students. The correlation between scores on the two scales was –.41.

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15

Bouman, Theo K., Hein Lambert, and Frans Luteijn. "Mood Connotations of a Locus of Control Questionnaire." Psychological Reports 59, no. 3 (1986): 1055–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1986.59.3.1055.

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This study investigated the role of possible mood connotations in the frequently found positive relationship between external locus of control and depression. A sample of 247 “normal” subjects completed a short Dutch Locus of Control scale, mood ratings of its items, and the Depression Symptom Inventory. Results indicate that the mood connotations did not affect the correlations between depression and both the internal and the external locus of control scales.

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16

Maroufizadeh, Saman, Reza Omani Samani, Payam Amini, and Behnaz Navid. "Factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Levenson’s Locus of Control Scale in Iranian infertile people." Journal of Health Psychology 23, no. 13 (2016): 1668–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105316666659.

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This study examined psychometric properties of the Levenson’s Locus of Control Scale among Iranian infertile patients. In all, 312 infertile patients completed the Levenson’s Locus of Control Scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the original three-factor model of Levenson’s Locus of Control Scale was adequate ( χ2/ df = 2.139; goodness-of-fit index = 0.88; root mean square error of approximation = 0.061; and standardized root mean square residual = 0.076). The Cronbach’s alpha of the subscales ranged from 0.56 to 0.67. The Levenson’s Locus of Control Scale subscales significantly correlated with anxiety and depression, showing an acceptable convergent validity. In conclusion, the Levenson’s Locus of Control Scale has adequate reliability and validity and can be used to measure locus of control orientation in Iranian infertile patients.

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17

Gadzella, Bernadette M. "Locus of Control Differences among Stress Groups." Perceptual and Motor Skills 79, no. 3_suppl (1994): 1619–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.79.3f.1619.

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To assess among 3 groups differing in stress significance of differences in their scores on locus of control scales (Internal, Powerful Others, and Chance), 2 groups of college undergraduates (123 and 160 subjects) were tested. In both samples analysis indicated significant differences among the 3 groups in scores on the Powerful Others and Chance (external) scales, with the severely stressed group scoring higher than the milder stress groups. No significant differences were found on the Internality scale.

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18

Wiehe, Vernon R. "Impulsivity, Locus of Control and Education." Psychological Reports 60, no. 3_part_2 (1987): 1273–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294187060003-254.1.

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The adult version of the Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Locus of Control Scale and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale were given to 359 adults. Scores on the two instruments were only weakly correlated. Education, however, separated individuals high and low in impulsiveness and persons with external and internal loci of control.

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19

King, Michael. "Locus of control in women with eating pathology." Psychological Medicine 19, no. 1 (1989): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700011132.

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SynopsisLocus of control scales have been used to measure ‘effectiveness’ or personal control in patients with eating disorders. A locus of control of behaviour scale was used in a community sample of women with a spectrum of eating pathology from bulimia nervosa to chronic dieting as well as in a comparison group of non-dieters. This scale appeared to add nothing over and above general measures of psychopathology as assessed by the Clinical Interview Schedule and the Symptom Rating Test, or more specific measures such as the Eating Attitudes Test.

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20

Wiehe, Vernon R. "Loco Parentis and Locus of Control." Psychological Reports 59, no. 1 (1986): 169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1986.59.1.169.

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The Children's Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Locus of Control Scale was administered to two groups of 45 pregnant adolescents each in a residential maternity home. One group of 45 adolescents had experienced the removal of custody from their biological parents and had been living in foster care. The second group had become pregnant while living with their biological parents. The former group showed a significantly higher mean score on the locus of control scale which reflected a more external locus-of-control orientation. The results are discussed in the light of other studies on locus of control and parental loss.

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21

Edelstein, Jacqueline, and Margaret W. Linn. "Locus of Control and the Control of Diabetes." Diabetes Educator 13, no. 1 (1987): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014572178701300111.

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Study participants were 120 diabetic men on insulin who completed Rotter's Locus of Control Scale. Control of diabetes was measured with a score derived from five-point weighted scales for hemoglobin A1, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol. Baseline and six-month locus of control scores were correlated with metabolic control at six and 12 months. Results showed that an internal locus was associated with poorer control of the disease at six and 12 months, with correlations stronger at six months than at 12 months, when control was slightly worse. It may be that externally controlled individuals are more receptive to medical instructions and comply more readily than internal pa tients who take charge of their lives through self-controlling behaviors. A more thorough understanding of internally oriented diabetic patients is necessary to design educational programs that would guide these self-regulated persons toward better control of their illness.

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22

Hartosujono, Hartosujono. "PERILAKU PROKASTINASI MAHASISWA DITINJAU DARI LOCUS OF CONTROL." JURNAL SPIRITS 3, no. 1 (2017): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30738/spirits.v3i1.1123.

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine whether the student procrastination behaviors associated with personality Locus Of Control. Procrastination behavior is the behavior of the individuals who do the work before the deadline. Procrastination behavior is often experienced by students as they work on the task, collecting reports, and other college jobs. While the LOC scale is a scale that can identift whether a person has control behavior from internal or external control himself.By using Levenson LOC scale and scale Procrastination at 62 students. With the research subjects to students who have taken at least 4 semesters of education. By using these two scales, wanted to study, whether they have a relationship in behavior and personality.The result is the pattern of internal and external LOC personality with procrastination behavior, both of which have a significant relationship. For the patterned external LOC personality can behave procrastination, because desire is praised, have high ideals and the need to see the existing; model. While the internal LOC also can behave procrastination, because the tasks received less well organized, the lack of assertiveness and lack o ability to control the schedule. Keywords: personality patterns LOC, external control, internal control procrastination.

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23

Castarlenas, Elena, Ester Solé, Mélanie Racine, Elisabet Sánchez-Rodríguez, Mark P. Jensen, and Jordi Miró. "Locus of control and pain: Validity of the Form C of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scales when used with adolescents." Journal of Health Psychology 23, no. 14 (2016): 1853–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105316669860.

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The objective of this study was to examine the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Form C of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scales in adolescents. A confirmatory factor analysis indicated that adequate fit of a four-factor model and the internal consistency of the scales were adequate. Criterion validity of the four scales of the Form C of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control was also supported by significant correlations with measures of pain-related self-efficacy, anxiety, and coping strategies. The results indicate that the four Form C of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scale scores are reliable and valid and therefore support their use to assess pain-related locus of control beliefs in adolescents.

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24

Jacob, Juslin. "Internet Addiction, Locus of Control and Resilience." Artha Journal of Social Sciences 19, no. 1 (2020): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12724/ajss.52.3.

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The study investigates the difference in the Locus of Control and Resilience with respect to different levels of Internet Addiction as well as their impact on Internet Addiction among emerging adults. It assesses Internet Addiction levels, investigates the association between Internet Addiction, Locus of Control and Resilience and analyses gender difference. Internet Addiction Test by Young, Locus of Control (LOC-Scale) Scale developed by Rotter (1966) and The Brief Resilience Scale were used. Pearson’s product-moment correlation analysis was used to evaluate the association between Internet Addiction, Locus of Control and Resilience. An independent t-test was used to test whether there is a statistical difference between gender and internet addiction at different levels. One-way ANOVA was used to investigate the gender difference in Internet Addiction, Locus of Control and Resilience respectively. The research findings show that there is a significant relationship between Internet Addiction, Locus of Control and Resilience as well as significant gender difference in Internet Addiction. A significant difference in Resilience among the different levels of Internet Addiction was also found in the study.

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25

Sholihul, Hadi, Fithri Rizma, and Sholeh Moh. "The Influence of Awareness of Consequences, Internal Locus of Control, and External Locus of Control on Pro-Environmental Behavior in Students." International Journal of Current Science Research and Review 07, no. 08 (2024): 6693–700. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13372880.

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Abstract : The purpose of this research is to determine whether there is a relationship between Awareness of Consequences, Internal Locus of Control, and External Locus of Control with Pro-Environmental Behavior among students. This study is correlational and comparative, with data collected using a Likert scale consisting of scales for pro-environmental behavior, Awareness of Consequences, Internal Locus of Control, and External Locus of Control. The population of this study is students, and the sample taken was 320 individuals using proportional random sampling. Multiple linear regression analysis was used for data analysis. The results showed that there is no relationship between awareness of consequences and external locus of control with pro-environmental behavior among students, while there is a relationship between internal locus of control and pro-environmental behavior among students.

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26

Eachus, Peter, and Simon Cassidy. "The Health Student Academic Locus of Control Scale." Perceptual and Motor Skills 85, no. 3 (1997): 994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.85.3.994.

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The Health Student Academic Locus of Contro] Scale is a 20-item context-specific scale, developed to measure Internal and External control beliefs of students in courses allied to medicine. Psychometric properties are acceptable ( N = 164) so the scale can be used to measure control beliefs in a longitudinal study.

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27

Whitman, Laurie, Sharon M. Desmond, and James H. Price. "Development of a Depression Locus of Control Scale." Psychological Reports 60, no. 2 (1987): 583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1987.60.2.583.

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A 12-item Depression Locus of Control Scale was given to 117 white high school students. The scale has three subscales, internal (4 items), chance (4 items), and powerful others (4 items). Reliability assessed by test-retest was .55 and Cronbach alphas were for the subscales listed above .63, .73, and .66, respectively. Content validity, criterion-related validity, construct validity, and discriminant validity were examined. Reading level was at the eighth grade. It is recommended that the more specific Depression Locus of Control Scale be used in studies of depression.

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28

Spector, Paul E. "Development of the Work Locus of Control Scale." Journal of Occupational Psychology 61, no. 4 (1988): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1988.tb00470.x.

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29

De Minzi, María Cristina Richaud. "A New Multidimensional Children's Locus of Control Scale." Journal of Psychology 125, no. 1 (1991): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1991.10543276.

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30

Gutkin, Terry B., Julene R. Robbins, and Lester Andrews. "The Health Locus of Control Scale: Psychometric Properties." Educational and Psychological Measurement 45, no. 2 (1985): 407–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001316448504500227.

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This study examined selected psychometric properties of the Health Locus of Control Scale (HLOC) (Wallston, Wallston, Kaplan, and Maides, 1976). Specifically, the HLOC factor structure, factor score reliabilities, and correlations with social desirability were investigated.

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Chung, Yen Y., and Cherng G. Ding. "Development of the sales locus of control scale." Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 75, no. 2 (2002): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/09631790260098514.

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32

Paine, Patricia, Luiz Pasquali, Eduardo de São Paulo, Ana Lúcia P. Bianchi, and Andrea C. Solha. "Psychometric Properties of the Brazilian Health Locus of Control Scale." Psychological Reports 75, no. 1 (1994): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.75.1.91.

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Based on social learning theory, the construct of health locus of control has proven valuable in predicting a wide variety of health-related behaviors. In studying this concept among Brazilians, the psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale translated into Brazilian Portuguese were investigated in a sample of 280 middle-class persons. Three types of health locus of control were verified, internal, powerful others, and chance. Further refinement of subscales is needed to improve internal consistency reliabilities.

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33

Pugh, David N. "Studies of Validity for the Prison Control Scale." Psychological Reports 82, no. 3 (1998): 739–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.82.3.739.

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Locus of control seems to be important in the adjustment of prisoners both during incarceration and upon release. The Prison Control Scale is one of two measures of locus of control specific to prisons. This paper is an account of validity studies conducted on the scale. Assessments included four tests of construct validity and one each of concurrent and known-groups validity. The results support the validity of the scale. Suggestions for further scale assessment and other research are briefly discussed.

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Pugh, David N. "Prisoners and Locus of Control: Initial Assessments of a Specific Scale." Psychological Reports 70, no. 2 (1992): 523–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1992.70.2.523.

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The relatively few studies conducted with prisoners' locus of control suggest an important relationship between locus of control and prisoners' adjustment. However, one obstacle to further development of this knowledge is lack of appropriate measurement. This paper is an account of initial assessments conducted with a locus of control measure specific to the prison environment. All tests support the reliability and validity of the scale. Results of the assessments also indicate changes which should be made to improve the psychometric properties of the scale. Further assessments will need to be conducted after the instrument is revised. Use of the Prison Locus of Control scale should facilitate and lend accuracy to research with prisoners. The scale items are provided.

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35

Holmstrom, Robert W., Stephen A. Karp, and David E. Silber. "The Apperceptive Personality Test and Locus of Control." Psychological Reports 68, no. 3_suppl (1991): 1071–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1991.68.3c.1071.

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This study examined the relationship between the Apperceptive Personality Test (APT) and Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control (I-E) Scale. These scales were administered to 131 undergraduates (83 women, 48 men) and a stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed with Rotter's I-E scores as the criterion variable and 20 APT variables as predictors. The results provided some support for modest but significant relationships between two APT variables and scores on the I-E Scale. Internal-scoring subjects described their story characters with more positive ratings for the APT variable of Leader-Follower, whereas the story characters of external-scoring subjects were described with more extreme positive ratings than those of internal scorers.

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36

de Mojà, Carmelo A. "Scores on Locus of Control and Aggression for Drug Addicts, Users, and Controls." Psychological Reports 80, no. 1 (1997): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.80.1.40.

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This study assessed aggression and locus of control in 20 drug users, 20 addicts and 20 control subjects. The Rotter Locus of Control Scale and the Questionnaire for Measuring Spontaneous Aggression were administered to 60 men. In comparison with drug users and controls, the addicts obtained higher scores on External Locus of Control and Spontaneous Aggression, so addicts and drug users must be considered two distinct groups. Nevertheless, no statistically significant correlation between scores on these measures was found.

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Tsai, Ju-Je, Chien-Hsin Wang, and Hung-Jen Lo. "Locus of control, moral disengagement in sport, and rule transgression of athletes." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 42, no. 1 (2014): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2014.42.1.59.

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We explored the relationships among locus of control, moral disengagement in sport, and rule transgression of athletes and whether or not moral disengagement mediates the relationship between locus of control and rule transgression. The participants were 462 athletes at a college in Taiwan. The instruments were the Sport Locus of Control Scale, the Moral Disengagement in Sport Scale, and the Rule Transgression Scale. The results revealed that a high external locus of control was positively related to moral disengagement in sport and frequent rule transgression. The relationship between locus of control and rule transgression was mediated by moral disengagement in sport. We suggest that athletes with an external locus of control should receive moral education to the end of enhancing the quality of sports contests and competitions through fewer rule transgressions and greater moral engagement.

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Trice, Ashton D., John R. Haire, and Kimberly A. Elliott. "A Career Locus of Control Scale for Undergraduate Students." Perceptual and Motor Skills 69, no. 2 (1989): 555–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1989.69.2.555.

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This paper describes the development and initial validation of a measure of locus of control as it relates to the career process among college students. The scale is shown to be related to the construct of locus of control, reliable, uninfluenced by the social-desirability response set, and a valid index of job-search behavior among college seniors and major selection and career service use among college juniors.

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Al-Obaiyat, Khalaf Atiya, and Ahmed Abed Altef Abu Asad. "Study Skills and their Relationship with Locus of Control among the Students of the First Secondary Class in the Schools of Al-Tafila Governorate." Jordanian Educational Journal 8, no. 1 (2023): 25–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.46515/jaes.v8i1.367.

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This study aimed at investigating the relationship between the study skills and locus of control among the students of the first secondary class in the schools of Al-Tafila Governorate, in order to achieve the study objectives, a simple random sample that consisted of (160) male and female students was chosen from the first secondary class. Two scales were developed: the scale of study skills, and the scale of locus of control. Their psychometric properties were verified. The study results showed that there was a positive correlational relationship between study skills and locus of control and that students differ in their study skills and locus of control based on their academic achievement in favor of those with high academic achievement. The results also revealed that male and female students in the first secondary class do not differ in their study skills and locus of control. In light of the results, the study recommended the necessity of paying more attention to the low-achieving students in order to develop their study skills and their locus of control.

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Tsai, Jun-Jie, and Chen-Jung Hsieh. "Development of the Children's Sport Locus of Control Scale." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 43, no. 2 (2015): 315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2015.43.2.315.

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We developed the Children's Sport Locus of Control Scale (CSLCS) based on Rotter's (1954) social learning theory. Participants were 750 fifth- and sixth-grade elementary school students. We developed the scale through a series of analyses, including item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, simultaneous multigroup covariance analysis, and criterion-related validity analysis. The CSLCS comprises 12 items, of which 6 items measure ability and responsibility in the internal control dimension, and 6 items measure environment and chance in the external control dimension. The results of the analyses confirmed that this scale has good reliability, validity, and measurement invariance, and that it also satisfies all fit measures. The 6 measures of internal locus of control in the CSLCS are suited for measuring children's sport locus of control, and the measurement results will not differ across gender. Finally, we offer suggestions to future researchers.

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Maesaroh, Siti, and Sinta Saraswati. "PREDIKSI LOCUS OF CONTROL INTERNAL DAN KECERDASAN EMOSI DENGAN KEMATANGAN KARIR." JURNAL EDUKASI: Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling 6, no. 1 (2020): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/je.v6i1.6332.

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Abstract: This research aims to identify the relationship between internal locus of control and emotional intelligence with career gains. This study uses a correlational design. Data were collected using an internal locus of control scale, a scale of emotional intelligence, and a career scale of 247 students selected by a random sampling quota technique. Hierarchical regression analysis results showed a positive prediction between internal locus of control and emotional intelligence with very significant career gains (R = 0.555, F = 54,374, p <0,000). The implications of the findings of this study are discussed in this article. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara locus of control internal dan kecerdasan emosi dengan kemtangan karir. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain korelasional. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan skala locus of control internal, skala kecerdasan emosi dan skala kemtangan karir dari 247 siswa yang dipilih dengan teknik kuota random sampling. Hasil analisis regresi hierarkis menunjukan prediksi positif antara locus of control internal dan kecerdasan emosi dengan kemtangan karir yang sangat signifikan (R= 0,555, F=54,374, p<0,000). Implikasi dari temuan penelitian ini dibahas dalam artikel ini. Abstract: This research aims to identify the relationship between internal locus of control and emotional intelligence with career gains. This study uses a correlational design. Data were collected using an internal locus of control scale, a scale of emotional intelligence, and a career scale of 247 students selected by a random sampling quota technique. Hierarchical regression analysis results showed a positive prediction between internal locus of control and emotional intelligence with very significant career gains (R = 0.555, F = 54,374, p <0,000). The implications of the findings of this study are discussed in this article. Keywords: internal locus of control, emotional intelligence, career maturity Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara locus of control internal dan kecerdasan emosi dengan kemtangan karir. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain korelasional. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan skala locus of control internal, skala kecerdasan emosi dan skala kemtangan karir dari 247 siswa yang dipilih dengan teknik kuota random sampling. Hasil analisis regresi hierarkis menunjukan prediksi positif antara locus of control internal dan kecerdasan emosi dengan kemtangan karir yang sangat signifikan (R= 0,555, F=54,374, p<0,000). Implikasi dari temuan penelitian ini dibahas dalam artikel ini. Kata kunci: Locus Of Control Internal, Kecerdasan Emosi, Kematangan Karir

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Hayslip, Bert, and Duke Stewart-Bussey. "Locus of Control-Levels of Death Anxiety Relationships." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 17, no. 1 (1987): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/kh7n-ue5d-nye4-jyfa.

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In an effort to more fully understand locus of control-death fear relationships, fifty-nine individuals were administered the Levenson Locus of Control scale, the Collett-Lester and Templer scales measuring overt death fear, and a sentence completion task assessing dimensions of covert fear. Correlational analysis suggested interactions among aspects of locus of control and aspects of death fear varying along the death/dying, self/other, and overt/covert continua. These data are felt to enable one to more completely understand the role that perceived controllability of life events play in determining individual reactions to one's own or another's death.

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Büyükkaya Besen, Dilek, Neslihan Günüşen, Hamdiye Arda Sürücü, and Cansu Koşar. "Predictor effect of Locus Of Control (LOC) on self-care activities and metabolic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes." PeerJ 4 (November 23, 2016): e2722. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2722.

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BackgroundPrevious studies have examined the role of individuals’ personal characteristics in diabetes management and used the locus of control theory to assess adherence to a diabetes management regimen. These studies have emphasized that having internal locus of control may be a protective factor in diabetes management.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to determine the predictor effect of locus of control on self-care activities and A1c level.MethodThe study is descriptive and relational. Researchers used a Diabetes Self-Care Activities Scale and a Locus of Control Scale to collect data. The study sample consisted of 129 individuals with type 2 diabetes.ResultsThe average score of locus of control of individuals with diabetes was 10.26, and the frequency of self-care activities in the past week was 2.9 days. A weak but statistically significant negative relation was found between the locus of control level and self-care activities of individuals with diabetes, which had no effect on A1c. It was determined that locus of control predicts 19% of self-care activities.ConclusionAccording to the study results, having internal locus of control had positive effects on self-care activities. Training and planning activities to improve internal locus of control can improve diabetes management.

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Groth-Marnat, Gary, and Julie-Ann Pegden. "PERSONALITY CORRELATES OF PARANORMAL BELIEF: LOCUS OF CONTROL AND SENSATION SEEKING." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 26, no. 3 (1998): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1998.26.3.291.

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In order to more fully understand the relationship between paranormal belief, locus of control, and sensation seeking, 81 undergraduate university students were administered the Paranormal Belief Scale (PBS), Rotter's Locus of Control Scale, and the Sensation Seeking Scale. Results indicated that a greater external locus of control was associated with greater overall number of paranormal beliefs. Greater external locus of control was especially associated with the PBS subscales of spirituality and precognition. Contrary to expectations, belief in superstition was associated with a greater internal locus of control. Whereas overall sensation seeking was not related to overall PBS scores, the PBS subscales of greater belief in psi phenomena and superstition were found to be associated with higher levels of sensation seeking. Results are discussed in relation to conceptualizations of the different personality/belief constructs.

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Friedberg, Barbara A., and Robert D. Friedberg. "Locus of Control and Religiosity in College Students." Psychological Reports 56, no. 3 (1985): 757–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1985.56.3.757.

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This study examined the correlation between scores on locus of control and religiosity. Subjects completed the Adult Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale and a religiosity measure. I: was hypothesized that an internal locus of control would be related to high religiosity. The value of .05 indicated no correlation between locus of control and religiosity. Implications for research were discussed.

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Sujadi, Eko. "PENGARUH KONSEP DIRI DAN LOCUS OF CONTROL TERHADAP MOTIVASI BERPRESTASI." Educational Guidance and Counseling Development Journal 1, no. 1 (2018): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/egcdj.v1i1.4808.

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Achievement motivation needs to be possessed by every individual. The aims of this research are to find out the effect of self concept and locus of control to achievement motivation in Islamic Guidance and Counseling Students of IAIN Kerinci. This research was descriptive & correlation research by using quantitative approach. Data were collected by using the Tennessee Self Concept Scale by William H. Fitts modified by Julia Raymod Lorenz, inventory Rotters Internal-External Locus of Control (I-E Scale), and achievement motivation scale. The data were analyzed by percentage technique, simple linear regression technique, and multiple linear regression technique. The finding of research are: 1) the general level of self concept is in middle category, 2) locus of control is in the middle range between internal locus of control and external locus of control with an average as big as 11.46, 3) the general level of achievement motivation is in middle category, 4) there is an effect self concept to achievement motivation, 5) there is an effect locus of control to achievement motivation, and 6) there is an effect self concept and locus of control to achievement motivation.

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Hartia Adinda Tamara Putri and Aulia Suhesty. "Internal Locus of Control dengan Kematangan Karier pada Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir di Universitas Mulawarman." IDEA: Jurnal Psikologi 9, no. 1 (2025): 74–82. https://doi.org/10.32492/idea.v9i1.9108.

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Final-year students often have difficulty achieving career maturity due to a lack of mature career planning which also affects career decision-making. Many final-year students have not planned their careers properly. This study aims to determine the relationship between internal locus of control and career maturity in final-year students at Mulawarman University. The research method used is quantitative with a correlational approach. The sample used was 120 final-year students. The data collection method in this study used a Likert-type scale consisting of two scales, namely the career maturity scale and the internal locus of control scale. Validity and reliability tests were carried out on both scales. The analysis technique used was the Pearson Product Moment correlation and previously descriptive testing and assumption tests were carried out in the form of normality tests and linearity tests. The study results showed a strong and significant relationship between career maturity and internal locus of control in final-year students at Mulawarman University.

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Rifda Alda Ufaira and Marisya Pratiwi. "The ROLE OF LOCUS OF CONTROL TOWARD WORK-STUDY CONFLICT ON TRIDINANTI UNIVERSITY STUDENTS WHO WORK." Psychology Journal of Mental Health 1, no. 1 (2019): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32539/pjmh.v1i1.2.

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The research objective was to determine the role of locus of control toward work-study conflict on Tridinanti University students who work. The major hypothesis, has a role of locus of control toward work-study conflict. The minor hypothesis, has a role internal locus of control toward work-study conflict, and has a role of external locus of control toward work-study conflict. The sample was the Tridinanti University students who work from in the armed forces of 2015, 2016 and 2017 who have time to work at least 20 hours every week as many as 148 people. The scale used is the scale of locus of control from Rotter (1990) and scale of work-study conflict from Markel and Frone (1998). Data analysis is using multiple regression. The result of major hypothesis showed that has a role of locus of control toward work-study conflict with R square = 0,105 and p = 0,000. The result minor hypothesis showed that has a role of internal locus of control toward work-study conflict with p = 0,002 and has a role of external locus of control toward work-study conflict with p = 0,000.

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Mwamwenda, Tuntufye S., and Bernadette B. Mwamwenda. "Transkeian Students' Locus of Control and Academic Achievement." Psychological Reports 59, no. 2 (1986): 511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1986.59.2.511.

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Whether the locus of control of Transkeian students enrolled in a teachers' programme is related to their academic performance and whether there is a sex difference in locus of control were explored. There were 148 subjects (72 women and 76 men), with mean ages of 21.6 yr. for women and 23.3 yr. for men. Rotter's Locus of Control scale was given and scores students obtained on tests and a final examination in an educational psychology course were recorded. Transkeian students' performance on the Locus of Control scale is comparable to that observed in the USA. Also, internally oriented subjects outperformed the externally controlled ones on the examination. Men were mote internally oriented than women.

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Santokhie, Stefan, and Garth E. Lipps. "Development and Validation of the Tertiary Student Locus of Control Scale." SAGE Open 10, no. 1 (2020): 215824401989906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244019899061.

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This study developed and validated a measure of Locus of Control in university students. Tertiary academic locus of control is the general expectancy that university students have regarding their ability to change their academic outcomes. Students who have an internal academic locus of control expect that their own efforts, skill, or luck will lead to academic success, while those with an external locus of control believe that academic outcomes are a result of luck, destiny, fate, or the behaviors of others. A series of steps were taken to develop the Tertiary Student Locus of Control (TSLOC) scale. These steps included defining the construct, developing a nomological network of the construct, and constructing an item pool of 66 items. Following the creation of the item pool, an item analysis was conducted on the 66-item measure to produce the 30-item TSLOC scale. The draft scale was administered to 100 participants (80 females and 20 males predominantly of Afro-Caribbean heritage from English-speaking Caribbean islands). The TSLOC scale had an internal consistency of .96 and had strong concurrent validity and moderate discriminant validity. A principal component analysis indicated that the TSLOC was a multidimensional scale composed of three underlying dimensions. The TSLOC scale was found to be valid and reliable for the current population of Caribbean tertiary students. The limitations and implications are discussed.

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