Dissertations / Theses: 'Locus standing'

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Luk, Siu-ping Amelia. "The recognition of collective interests and the law of standing in Hong Kong." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1985. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12315989.

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Franca, Simone. "Le condizioni dell'azione nel processo amministrativo. Un'indagine comparata tra Italia e Germania." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/253358.

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The research analyses the locus standi before administrative courts in Italy and Germany, in the perspective of the evolution of the aim and the scope of the judicial review of the administrative action. Starting from an examination of the historical outlines regarding the judicial review in the two systems, the current research explores the theoretical contours of the concepts of standing and interest to act, focusing also on the analysis of the judicial understanding of both these concepts. The analysis is conducted from a comparative point of view, through the study of the case law in the Italian and German legal systems. The aim pursued is to verify, through a comparison between the different experiences, the existence of a possible ongoing mutation - attributable to the Europeanisation of the administrative process - that alters the characteristics of the Italian and German administrative judgment in the access to protection. The comparative investigation shows how the changes that can be found in the judicial review of are in part analogous in the two legal systems and are connected to the importance of certain interests of a general nature at the legal level. It also makes it possible to reflect on the identification of a model capable of overcoming the difficulty regarding the compatibility between interests of a general nature and the predominantly subjective logic of the judicial review of administrative action in Italy and Germany.

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Luk, Siu-ping Amelia, and 陸少冰. "The recognition of collective interests and the law of standing in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31974545.

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Hamidu, Mariam. "The open-door approach to locus standi by the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights in respect of its non-state complaints procedure: in need of reform?" Diss., University of Pretoria, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/1213.

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"The question of locus standi regarding the non-state complaints procedure before the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (the Commission) is a very flexibile one. Although the language of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (the Charter), the enabling powers and functions of the Commission, does not provide for such broad standing, the Commission has over its 20 years of operation, given broad interpretation to the question of standing by adopting the actio popularis doctrine. As a reslut the Commission has entertained communicatons from any person, group of persons or non-governmental organisation (NGOs), whether on their own behalf or on behalf of tothers. The location or nationality of such persons is also not a bar to standing. Consequently, the Commission has accepted communications from national NGOs operating in the country of the state party against whom the complaint is made, NGOs with a regaional focus, international NGOs, and non-African nationals. ... The study has five chapters. Chapter one introduces the study and the justification thereof. Chapter two explores the origin, nature and application of locus standi in domestic legal systems with particluar respect to private protection of public rights and human rights protection using Ghana, Mozambique and South Africa as case studies. Chapter three examines the standing requirements before other regional human rights protection systems namely the ECHR, and the IACHR as well as global human rights protection mechanisms throught the lens of the HRC, the CERD-Committee, the CAT-Committee and the CEDAW-Committee. Chapter four traces and assesses the development of the broad standing requirements before the Commission regarding its non-state communications procedure and the problems associated with them. And Chapter five presents the conclusions and recommendations of the study." -- Introduction.
Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2006.
Prepared under the supervision of Mr. Angelo Matusse at the Faculty of Law, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM

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Jarmalavičiūtė, Justina. "Privačių asmenų locus standi teisėtumo priežiūros procedūrose." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20090122_150323-41280.

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Europos Bendrija nuo įkūrimo, kuriuo buvo siekiama išimtinai ekonominių tikslų, žymiai pasikeitė. Dabar ji yra įvardijama kaip savita teisinė sistema, sukurianti teisies ir pareigas ne tik valstybėms narėms, bet ir privatiems asmenims. Europos Bendrijoje, paremtoje teisės viršenybės principu, turi būti numatytas Bendrijos teisės aktų teisėtumo priežiūros procedūrų mechanizmas. Privačių asmenų teisė inicijuoti teisėtumo priežiūros procedūras bei locus standi (teisės į ieškinį) sąlygos yra tiesiogiai numatytos Sutarties 230(4) straipsnyje. Lietuviškoje literatūroje privačių asmenų teisė pateikti ieškinį yra aptarta labai glaustai. Apsiribota tik trumpu kliūčių pateikti ieškinį dėl panaikinimo aprašymu bei pagrindinių bylų paminėjimu. Ir nors užsienio literatūroje privačių asmenų locus standi sąlygos yra plačiai išnagrinėtos, dar nėra atlikta tyrimų dėl naujoje Lisabonos sutartyje numatytų pakeitimų. Šiame moksliniame tiriamajame darbe siekiama atskleisti privataus asmens sąvoką, išanalizuoti reikalavimus teisės aktams, dėl kurių yra galimi ieškiniai dėl panaikinimo, išnagrinėti locus standi sąlygas, kurias turi atitikti privatus asmuo pateikiantis ieškinį dėl Bendrijos teisės akto panaikinimo. Taip pat aptariama 234 ir 241 straipsnių, kaip papildančių teisėtumo priežiūros Bendrijoje sistemą, reikšmė bei 230(4) straipsnio pakeitimų, numatytų Lisabonos sutartyje prasmė. Šio darbo tikslas yra išanalizuoti privačių asmenų galimybes inicijuoti teisėtumo priežiūros procedūras... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The European Community (EC) since its establishment as a pure economic community with the goal to bring about economic integration between few European countries now has created a platform for international corporation and evolved in having influence on private persons. As based on the rule of law, the Community must have a mechanism for testing the substantial and procedural legality of measures, adopted by Community institutions. The legal basis for bringing an action for annulment is the 230 article of the EC Treaty. The fourth paragraph of this article determines the circumstances under which natural and legal persons may bring an action for annulment. In foreign literature the question of standing of private applicants is often analysed, though no studies are yet made on the amendments of Lisabon treaty. As for Lithuanian literature, the standing of private parties is not much discussed, so the analysis made in this paper is practicable for Lithuanian individuals. The master’s thesis seeks to analyse what is a private person, the measures, that may be challenged and the conditions a private applicant must fulfill in order to have locus standi (a right to bring an action). It also studies the purpose and importance of articles 234 and 241 EC, as these are also measures for initiating a review procedure in the Court of Justice. The purpose of this paper is to settle weather the obstacles and difficulties a private person meets in order to bring an action for annulment... [to full text]

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León, Pinedo Silvia. "Locus Standi in the Law of Administrative Process in Tax Matters." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118567.

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The article begins by recognizing that the Administrative Process in Peru is full jurisdiction, protects the legal situations in addition to control the legality of the administrative acts. Then the author examines the Tax Administration, specifically if SUNAT has active legitimacy to sue in a Contentious Administrative Process against the decision issued by the Tax Court that revoked or annulled their administrative acts, concluding that it does not have legitimacy but, exceptionally, according to article 157 of the Tax Code, can sue when SUNAT demonstrates that RTFs are not according to the parameters of article 10 of the General Administrative Procedure Act, confirming that the causal most used by SUNAT are those of the numeral 1 and 2, referred to the resolutions which cause serious disability vice, which, according to the author, is not the same as a different interpretative approach. Finally, the author concludes that for tax issues does not apply the second paragraph of Article 13 of the Law on Administrative Process; apply the article 157 of the Tax Code, as the special rule.
El presente artículo parte por reconocer que el proceso contencioso administrativo en el Perú es de plena jurisdicción, esto es, que protege las situaciones jurídicas de los administrados además de la legalidad del acto administrativo.Así, se lleva a cabo un análisis sobre la legitimidad activa de la Administración Tributaria, específicamente la SUNAT, para interponer una demanda contencioso administrativa contra la Resolución emitida por el Tribunal Fiscal (RTF) que revocó o anuló su acto administrativo concluyendo que no la tiene pero que, excepcionalmente, de acuerdo al artículo 157° del Código Tributario, podría demandar cuando demuestre fehacientemente que la RTF es nula de acuerdo a los parámetros del artículo 10° de la Ley del Procedimiento Administrativo General (LPAG), constatándose que las causales más utilizadas por la SUNAT son las del numeral 1 y 2 de dicha norma, referidas a aquellas resoluciones que tengan un vicio grave de invalidez, lo que, según la autora, no es lo mismo que un distinto criterio interpretativo. Por último, se señala que en relación a los temas tributarios no resulta aplicable el segundo párrafo del artículo 13º de la Ley del Proceso Contencioso Administrativo si no el referido artículo 157° del Código Tributario, al ser la norma especial.

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Nordlund, Alexandra. "Locus Standi in Climate Change Cases Before the European Court of Human Rights." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-94743.

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Albors-Llorens, Albertina. "Annulment proceedings before the European Court of Justice : restricted locus standi of private parties." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320980.

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Brennecke, Nicolas. "Facilitating public interest environmental litigation through locus standi: a comparative analysis of South Africa and Germany." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24981.

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The purpose of this dissertation is to undertake a critical and comparative review of South Africa and Germany's legislation and jurisprudence of relevance to facilitating public interest environmental litigation through the liberalisation of locus standi requirements. The dissertation presents the theoretical framework and explains the origin of public interest litigation and defines the term and its growing impetus in the environmental context. It further examines the term locus standi and the inherent link of public interest litigation with the liberalisation of locus standi requirements. Furthermore, it presents the theory behind the key elements which kind of interest is sufficient to found locus standi, which persons/entities are accorded locus standi, and which procedural issues such as environmental costs relate to locus standi. Regarding South Africa, the dissertation demonstrates how the traditionally restrictive approach regarding locus standi entirely changed with the adoptions of the 1994 Interim and 1996 Final Constitutions and the 1998 NEMA, which have broadly enhanced plaintiffs litigating in the public interest in environmental matters. Apart from the pre-Constitutional context and the current legal framework, it evaluates the new approach with reference to court decisions and how these have addressed the aforementioned key elements influencing locus standi. Regarding Germany, the dissertation examines how its legal system, historically always focused on the protection of individual rights, has been extensively influenced by both international law such as the Aarhus Convention and European Union (EU) law, which have both promoted wider access to courts in environmental litigation. This part also examines both the legal framework and court decisions and the issue of how these court decisions have dealt with the three key elements. While the dissertation concludes that South Africa has liberalised its locus standi requirements in a more consistent manner, it argues that the liberalisation of locus standi requirements has not opened the often-feared floodgates in both jurisdictions. The dissertation presents the specific lessons Germany can learn from South Africa to facilitate public interest environmental litigation. On the one hand, it can learn from South Africa's clear and ambitious legal framework and from its mostly correspondingly progressive court decisions as well, while on the other hand some court decisions do not follow suit. Furthermore, the dissertation also illustrates the significant obstacles to implementing these lessons in Germany. Regarding the range of plaintiffs that are accorded locus standi, it argues that neither international nor EU law have demanded Germany to implement such a wide extension of locus standi requirements as in South Africa. Concerning the kind of interest plaintiffs must show, Germany is under no obligation to give up its focus on the protection of individual rights entirely either. Regarding this issue and the issue of environmental costs, the dissertation concludes that in Germany there is still urgent need for reforms such as properly implementing the Aarhus Convention, though.

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Obayemi, Olumide Kolawole. "Statutory derivative actions, the locus standi of a minority shareholder to enforce corporate rights in Alberta and Nigeria." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0021/MQ47127.pdf.

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Mierkytė, Agnė. "Europos Sąjungos teisės aktų teisėtumo prieziūra." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20101124_204043-16549.

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Magistro darbo „Europos Sąjungos teisės aktų teisėtumo priežiūra pagal Europos Bendrijų steigimo sutarties 230 straipsnį” santrauka Darbe analizuojamos EB steigimo sutarties 230 straipsnio ypatybės, pabrėžiant šio straipsnio turinio dvilypį pobūdį, kuris, kalbant apie nuostatas, nustatančias teisės akto neteisėtumo pagrindus, suteikia plačias galimybes siekti neteisėto teisės akto panaikinimo, tačiau kita vertus, tas pats straipsnis atima iš privačių subjektų galimybę efektyviai pasinaudoti šiomis galimybėmis. Darbe atskleistas itin svarbus EBTT vaidmuo, darantis didžiulę įtaką 230 straipsnyje įtvirtintos teisės realizavimo galimybei. Čia plačiai aptariama susijusi teisminė praktika, formuluojanti esmines ieškinio dėl panaikinimo taisykles. Analizė pradedama atskleidžiant, kokie ES teisės aktai, atsižvelgiant į jų teisinę formą, galią ar autorių, gali būti ieškinio dėl panaikinimo objektais. Ypatingas dėmesys skiriamas teisės aktų teisėtumo kriterijams bei iš jų išplaukiantiems neteisėtumo pagrindams, atskleidžiama EBTT praktiką, kurioje matyti, jog šios Sutarties nuostatos interpretuojamos liberaliai, nuosekliai laikantis sisteminio Sutarties aiškinimo metodo. Aptariant ieškinio dėl panaikinimo skirtingų subjektų statusą, išryškinama ypač griežta nuostatų, susijusių su neprivilegijuotų subjektų padėtimi, interpretavimo kryptis. Darbe akcentuojama būtinybė liberalizuoti šių nuostatų aiškinimą, pagrindžiant tuo, jog tai išspręstų daugumą probleminių aspektų, susijusių su... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The Summary of Master Thesis “The Judicial Review of European Union Acts Under Art. 230 of the Treaty Establishing the European Community” The analysis is being focused on the specific features of the Art. 230 of the Treaty establishing the European Community with the main purpose of enlightening the dual nature of the said Article. The above mentioned specialty is disclosed on the one hand by exhibiting the vast possibilities in proving the illegal nature of the European acts and on the other hand by detecting the rather constricted locus standi of non – privileged persons. This thesis highlights the importance of the role of Court of Justice by interpreting the meaning of the Art. 230 though the Court’s precedents, which are being claimed to be the main source divulging the purport of the said Article. The analysis reveals what kind of legal acts could be challenged under the Art. 230. However the main attention is directed to the grounds of illegality by revealing the rather liberal interpretation in respect of the whole Treaty’s system. Later the thesis unfolds manifestly constricted nature of the Treaty’s interpretation by disclosing the rules of the status of non – privileged persons. The thesis highlights the exigency of loosening the nature of interpretation arguing that it would be helpful in solving problems relating to the restrictive status of private persons and would make more obtainable the application of the Art. 230 of the Treaty establishing the European... [to full text]

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Mirindo, Frank. "Environmental Dispute Resolution in Tanzania and South Africa: A Comparative Assessment in the Light of International Best Practice." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_9222_1263173869.

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This research examines the effectiveness of these dispute resolution mechanisms in environmental disputes and what improvements should be made in order to make those mechanisms suitable for these types of disputes.

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Maponga, Ruvarashe Dorothy. "The inclusion of stakeholders and the Locus Standi of the oppression remedy: a comparative analysis of South Africa and Canada." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20862.

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This dissertation assesses the impact of the narrow interpretation and application of the oppression remedy in the South African Companies Act 71 of 2008, s 163 on the inclusion of stakeholders and compares it with the Canadian experience. It reviews the historical development of the oppression remedy in South Africa and focuses on how the interpretation and application of s 163 continues to exclude various stakeholders in the locus standi of the remedy. The comparative exposition of the interpretation and application of the South African and Canadian oppression remedy provided in this dissertation brings out fundamental differences between the two, highlights the need to extend the South African interpretation to include various stakeholders and elaborates on the benefits of a broader approach to the remedy. By outlining the impact and benefits of the inclusion of various stakeholders in the remedy as opposed to their exclusion, the study advocates for a broadened and inclusive interpretation of s 163 by the courts to create a platform for various stakeholders to seek relief through the remedy. Furthermore, to minimize ambiguity in application of the remedy, the dissertation proposes a modification of the interpretation and application of s 163 to explicitly include all stakeholders in the description of oppression remedy building on the Canadian experience through judicial transplantation.

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Tunving, Anton. "Locus standi efter Lissabon, en kafkaartad process? : Om icke-privilegierade individers talerätt inom EU i ljuset av artikel 263(4) FEUF." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-222649.

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劉沛. "中國內地檢察機關提起民事公益訴訟適格性探析 =Locus standi of the procuratorial organs in civil public interest litigation in mainland China." Thesis, University of Macau, 2016. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3570018.

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Basaure, Miranda Isaac Marcelo. "The Absence of the Ombudsman in Argentina: Seven Years without Collective Representation." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116533.

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The objective of this paper is to analyze the causes and antecedents that have contributed to the fact that, in Argentina, the office of Ombudsman remains vacant. Likewise, the normative origins of the organ are reviewed, in order to understand its value and democratic mission. In the ruling entitled Center for Studies for the Promotion of Equality and Solidarity and Others and the Ministry of Energy and Mining under Collective Protection (Centro de Estudios para la Promoción de la Igualdad y la Solidaridad y otros c/ Ministerio de Energía y Minería s/ amparo colectivo), issued on August 18, 2016, the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation exhorted the Congress of the Nation to appoint an Ombudsman in accordance with the provisions conferred on it by article 86 of the National Constitution. The Court’s decision exposed a long-standing legal problem: the absence of an Ombudsman.
El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar las causas y antecedentes que han contribuido a que, en Argentina, el cargo de Defensor del Pueblo permanezca vacante. Asimismo, repasa los orígenes normativos del órgano, a fin de comprender su valor y misión democrática. En el fallo caratulado Centro de Estudios para la Promoción de la Igualdad y la Solidaridad y otros c/ Ministerio de Energía y Minería s/ amparo colectivo, emitido el 18 de agosto de 2016, la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación exhortó al Congreso de la Nación a nombrar un Defensor del Pueblo con arreglo a las disposiciones que le ha conferido el artículo 86 de la Constitución Nacional. La decisión de la Corte expuso una problemática jurídica de larga data: la ausencia de un Defensor del Pueblo.

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Van, Waeyenberge Arnaud. "Les nouveaux instruments juridiques de la gouvernance européenne." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209759.

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Cette recherche doctorale part de l’hypothèse générale selon laquelle la méthode communautaire classique serait concurrencée dans les faits par de nouveaux instruments juridiques qui, loin de constituer des initiatives isolées, participent d’un modèle alternatif de gouvernance communautaire qui la transforme en profondeur.

Afin d’identifier les caractéristiques, les contours et les nouvelles formes de normativités de ce modèle alternatif, cette recherche a adopté une approche pragmatique de l’étude droit et étudie empiriquement et systématiquement six politiques publiques européennes :la stratégie européenne pour l’emploi (SEE) et la Méthode Ouverte de Coordination (MOC), le programme européen REACH; la politique européenne de l’eau; la politique comptable européenne; la politique de régulation des services financiers; et la lutte contre le réchauffement climatique et le marché européen du carbone. Ces politiques publiques sont étudiées au moyen d’une approche par les instruments d’action publique qui s’inspire de la démarche et des recherches effectuées par Michel Foucault sur la « gouvernementalité ».

Cette analyse nous aura permis de démontrer que la transformation de la méthode communautaire classique se constate à au moins trois niveaux. Au niveau des acteurs, on assiste à un renforcement de la place des acteurs privés et de la société civile dans les politiques publiques étudiées. La transformation de l’action publique européenne réside également dans l’utilisation abondante de nouveaux instruments d’action publique - plus techniques que politiques et plus incitatifs que contraignants (du type benchmarking) - qui impliquent systématiquement une collaboration entre acteurs publics et privés à différents niveaux du processus décisionnel (coproduction normative). Enfin le mode de sanction est devenu une « contrainte par l’image » reposant sur la figure du « mauvais élève de la classe » véhiculée principalement par des publications de classements basées sur une classification des bonnes pratiques. Corrélativement, cette transformation se constate également dans les phases d’élaboration, d’exécution et de contrôle du droit de l’Union européenne.

Une fois les caractéristiques et les contours de ce modèle alternatif dessinés sur base des politiques publiques étudiées, cette recherche s’est ensuite tournée vers une présentation des discours (politiques et juridiques) et écoles de pensées (Law and Economics / New Public Management / Démocratie délibérative / Expérimentalisme démocratique) permettant de justifier son existence et, par là, de fonder sa légitimité. Enfin, si ce nouveau modèle peut prétendre à une certaine légitimité ou nécessité et s’il n’apparaît pas envisageable de revenir en arrière, sa non-concordance avec le traité est problématique. En effet, ce modèle pose une série de questions relatives au manque de contrôle sur l’activité des institutions de l’Union et à la sauvegarde de l’ordre juridique constitutionnel européen. Plus précisément, l’étude de la question de la protection juridictionnelle effective et du respect du principe de l’équilibre des pouvoirs permet d’identifier un certains nombre d’écueils et de proposer des suggestions d’amélioration pragmatique du modèle décisionnel européen au regard des nouveaux instruments juridiques de la gouvernance européenne.

The starting point of my doctoral research is that the Classic Community Method, as described in the Lisbon Treaty, does not enable one to understand the manner in which law is currently produced in the European Union. I claim that the Community Method is in fact challenged and transformed by new legal instruments that, far from being isolated initiatives, are part of an alternative model of governance.

My research adopts a programmatic approach as to identify the features, contours and new forms of normativity of this alternative model. It studies empirically and systematically six European public policies through “an approach by instruments” inspired in the writings of Michel Foucault on "governmentality”.

This analysis shows that the transformation of the Classic Community method occurs at least at three levels. First, there is a strengthening of the role of private actors and civil society in policy making. Second, the transformation of European public action also lies in the abundant use of new policy instruments - rather technical and political incentives than binding rules (benchmarking) - that involve a systematic collaboration between public and private actors at different levels of decision-making (co-regulation). Third, control and sanctions rely greatly on a “constrained by image” system based primarily on publications of rankings and classifications of good practices.

After I present the features and contours of this alternative model, my research analyzes the political and legal discourses, as well as the schools of thought (Law and Economics / New Public Management / Deliberative Democracy / Democratic Experimentalism), that justify its existence and, therefore, its legitimacy.

Finally, my doctoral work rises the question about the lack of control over these regulatory activities and brings to light the safeguards that should be taken by the European Court of Justice to respect European Union’s Constitutional law

Doctorat en Sciences juridiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Assaad, Marwan. "La qualité pour agir en justice en droit procédural français et égyptien : thèse en droit comparé France-Egypte avec référence en droit musulman." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32003.

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Avoir une qualité est une condition indispensable pour que l’action soit recevable. La question de la qualité évoque certaines controverses sur la détermination et la définition de son sens et de sa nature juridique. Pour certains auteurs, la qualité est une condition distincte de la recevabilité de l’action, pour d’autres auteurs la qualité ne constitue qu’une condition parmi d’autres. La majorité de la doctrine française et égyptienne considère la qualité comme une condition autonome de recevabilité de l’action, elle se distingue des autres conditions, et notamment de celle de l’intérêt. Le législateur français distingue entre la qualité comme condition de recevabilité de l’action et la qualité comme condition de validité de la procédure. Dans le premier cas, le législateur consacre la qualité comme telle et ne considère pas l’intérêt comme seule condition de recevabilité de l’action ; dans le deuxième cas, la qualité constitue une condition de validité de l’acte de procédure. En revanche, le législateur égyptien ne prévoit pas de texte consacrant expressément la qualité comme condition de recevabilité. En outre, la controverse relative à la nature juridique soulève la question sur la sanction applicable en cas de défaut. Le législateur français a soumis le défaut de qualité nécessaire à la validité de l’acte de procédure et la qualité pour recevabilité de l’action à une sanction variable en fonction de la nature juridique, alors que le législateur égyptien n’ a prévu qu’une seule sanction en cas de défaut de qualité : la fin de non recevoir
Having a quality is a prerequisite for action to be admissible. The quality issue raises a controversy on the identification and the definition of its meaning and its legal nature. For some authors, the quality is a separate condition of admissibility of the action. Other authors believe that the quality is only one condition among others. The majority of the French and Egyptian doctrines consider quality as a separate condition of admissibility of the action ; it is distinguished from other conditions, including that of interest. The French legislature distinguishes between quality as a condition of admissibility of the action and quality as a condition of validity of the procedure. In the first case, the legislature devotes quality as such and does not consider the interest as the sole condition for admissibility of the action. In the second case, quality is a condition of validity of the proceeding. In contrast, the Egyptian legislature does not consider the text providing expressly quality as a condition of admissibility. In addition, the controversy concerning the legal nature raises the question about the applicable penalty in case of default. The French legislature has submitted the lack of the necessary quality to validity of the proceeding and the quality of the action’s admissibility to the penalty varying according to the legal nature, while the Egyptian legislature has considered only one penalty for the lack of quality: the end of inadmissibility

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Ekeke, Alex Cyril. "Access to justice and locus standi before Nigerian courts." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43108.

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Locus standi is a Latin word for standing. Traditionally, it implies that a litigant must have sufficient interest to apply to the court for the enforcement of the right of another person, challenge the actions of the government, have a court declare a law unconstitutional or even to litigate in the interest of the public otherwise the application will not be successful. The interpretation of locus standi before the courts in most common law jurisdictions is liberal. Nigerian courts, however, interpret the principle of locus standi strictly, in the sense that standing is accorded the person who shows cause of action or sufficient interest. This position denies access to justice to many Nigerians who are poor or have no knowledge of their rights as the courts position on standing prevents NGOs or other individuals from applying to the courts on their behalf or litigating in the interest of the public. Presently, the Fundamental Rights (Enforcement Procedure) Rules 2009 regulate the practice and procedure for the enforcement of human rights before Nigerian courts. The Rules encourage the courts to ‗welcome public interest litigation in the human rights field‘ and not to dismiss or strike out human right cases for want of locus standi. However, it is doubtful if the courts will accept this invitation. This study looks at the context of the interpretation of the principle of locus standi by Nigerian Courts and its effect on access to justice and public interest litigation by NGOs and individuals. It also examines the impact of the provision for locus standi of the Fundamental Rights (Enforcement Procedure) Rules 2009. Finally, this study provides an analysis of the interpretation of this concept in other common law jurisdictions such as Kenya, India, United Kingdom and South Africa who once interpreted the concept strictly but now interpret it more liberally. This comparison is necessary to show that Nigerian courts are isolated in their position in the interpretation of locus standi and that there is need for the courts to conform to international best practice.
Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2014
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Binch, Russell John. "Including the excluded : a minority conception of standing." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12016.

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In 1986, the Supreme Court of Canada cogently summarized various judicial concerns relating to the expansion of public interest standing. In doing so, the Supreme Court invited judges to engage in a purposive and functional enquiry in exercising their discretion to grant access to public interest litigants. That enquiry should take account of the broad social, political and legal factors that provide the backdrop to the constitutional claim. However, both judges and commentators alike have failed to meet this challenge. Instead, they have applied the principles of standing in an increasingly categorical and abstract manner. To this end, they have employed the abstractly defined, directly affected individual without considering who he or she is in the particular circumstances, or what benefits he or she would bring to the litigation process. This is of particular concern when our context is inequality. The increasing abstraction of public interest standing jars discordantly with the purposive interpretation of section 15(1) of the Charter, so that while equality is determined in a contextual fashion, equal access is still conceived of in an abstract fashion. In abstracting the directly affected individual out of relations of radical inequality, there has been a presumption that we all, as individuals, have an equal opportunity (and equal resources) to raise our constitutional concerns in the courts. This presumption cannot be accepted. We need to inject some context into standing. To do so, we must appreciate that inequality is a product of the distribution of power in society, and that equality is to be furthered through multi-dimensionality and respect for diversity. Armed with these insights, we must revisit the judicial concerns that underpin the development of the public interest standing doctrine, and unpack their meaning in a purposive fashion. When we do so, we will begin to appreciate that the traditional resolution of these concerns actually serves to exclude disadvantaged persons from enforcing their Charter rights and obscures the diffuse causality characteristics of disadvantage. From the contextual perspective of social-inequality-as-power, the concerns underpinning public interest standing actually promote judicial access for the public interest organization that represents disadvantaged persons.

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Silva, Pedro Miguel Amaral. "A tutela jurisdicional efectiva dos particulares contra actos administrativos da União Europeia." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/90310.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito apresentada à Faculdade de Direito
Este estudo e dissertação pretendem abordar algumas questões essenciais que, não raras vezes, são esquecidas aquando da análise dos meandros da Construção Europeia, designadamente os crescentes problemas advindos da gradual afirmação da União como grande Administração europeia, directa e centralizada por contraponto à administração indirecta dos Estados-membros.Neste labor, um problema em concreto sobressai, a saber, aquele que se prende com uma das questões quintessenciais dos nossos dias: o acesso à justiça, em particular à Justiça Administrativa.Nessa senda há que aprofundar, seriamente, o Princípio da Tutela Jurisdicional Efectiva, procurando encontrar as suas raízes e perceber o seu papel e preponderância no âmbito da União. Só assim poderemos invocá-lo como garantia prima facie dos particulares europeus face ao Direito, Instituições e, principalmente, face à acuação administrativa da UE.Para tal haveremos de contestar as soluções estabelecidas, questionando o papel do TJUE e os meios processuais ao seu dispor, bem como a legitimidade activa estabelecida nos Tratados, muito concretamente aquela que é plasmada aos particulares europeus.No escrutínio académico que pretendemos levar a cabo, impõe-se, designadamente, analisar os embaraços sentidos a nível processual e garantístico, tal como as soluções que actualmente se têm proposto mas que, no entanto, o são apenas em aparência, como sejam a rede de tribunais nacionais dos Estados-membros, ou a proposição da acção de responsabilidade por danos causados pela União.Neste seguimento, deitaremos mãos ao vasto catálogo de jurisprudência do TJUE, juízo tantas vezes sobranceiro na interpretação e moldagem do Direito originário Europeu, na tentativa, não só, de diagnosticar o mais fielmente possível o problema, mas também encontrar e propor as melhores e mais competentes soluções para o resolver.
This study and dissertation aim to address some key issues that are often overlooked when analysing the particularisms of the European Construction, predominantly, the growing problems stemming from the gradual assertion of the Union as a large European direct and centralized administration, in counterpoint to the indirect administration of Member States.In that work, a concrete problem stands out, namely, one that is related to one of the quintessential questions of our days: the access to justice, particularly the Administrative Justice.In this way, the Principle of an Effective Judicial Protection must be deepened, in search not only of its roots but also the role it plays within the Union. This is the only way we can rely on it as a real guarantee of European individuals against the Law, Institutions, and administrative activity of the EU.To do so, we will have to challenge the established solutions. That’s only possible by questioning the role of the CJEU, the procedural means at its disposal, as well as the locus standing established for them in the Treaties, specifically the one granted to European individuals.To undertake the academic scrutiny we intend, we need not only to analyse the procedural and guarantee-related embarrassments this problem generates, but also the solutions currently being proposed, such as the network of national courts of the Member States, or the action of compensation for damage caused by the Union, which are, nevertheless, solutions only in appearance.In order to do this, we will lay hands on the vast catalogue of jurisprudence of the CJEU, a judgment so often vital in the interpretation and shaping of European law. That will help us not only to diagnose the problem as faithfully as possible, but also to find the best and most competent remedies to solve it.

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Ramagoma, Thendo Resnic. "Locus standi in environmental litigation : a South African perspective." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5769.

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Environmentalists citizens groups, legal practitioners academics and the ordinary citizens in South Africa today are over-excited with the prospects of the environmental rights litigation under the final Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act 108 of 1996 signed by the State President in Cape Town on the 18th December 1996. For the first time in the history of South Africa environmental rights have been lifted to the status of fundamental constitutional and human rights. From an environmental perspective the upliftment of environmental rights to the level of constitutional protection is a great achievement that will benefit all South Africans. This dissertation throws some light on the concept of locus standi and public interest litigation as they have developed In the New South African Constitution followed by an exposition of the common law rules of legal standing. The focus of attention will then turn to the extent to which the Interim Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act 200 of 1993 and the final Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act 1996 extend or broaden the scope of standing followed by a brief survey of legal standing of environmental associations in various countries. Finally the document will conclude with a brief commentary on the law of standing in South Africa and possible suggestions for reform.
Thesis (LL.M.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1997.

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Krampera, Jan. "Locus standi soukromých subjektů při přezkumu platnosti komunitárních aktů." Master's thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-289751.

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Ribeiro, Dilton Rocha Ferraz. "Prospects for jus standi or locus standi of individuals in human rights disputes before the International Court of Justice." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4254.

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This research focuses on the desirability and feasibility of allowing individuals to access the International Court of Justice when their rights under international human rights treaties have been violated. International law now recognizes individuals as its subjects and that from such recognition flows a right of access to international courts. Using the Inter-American and European Courts of Human Rights as models, it is examined whether the right of individual access supersedes the will of states, the arguments for and against a global human rights court and how the ICJ’s statute and rules could be changed to allow individuals a) to participate in the court’s proceedings and b) gain direct access to the court as parties. Individuals could have both locus standi before the ICJ if the Court modifies its procedural rules and jus standi, which requires not only procedural changes, but the modification of the U.N. Charter.

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Chang, Yu-Te, and 張裕德. "A Study upon the Locus Standi of the Administrative Relief Arising from the Stakeholder." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91398430602265615936.

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碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
海洋法律研究所
100
Administrative actions of administrative authorities will affect people’s rights and interests; besides, it will not only have an impact on the individual but also the Stakeholder. However, experts and scholars have a different opinion on whether the Stakeholder has legal rights and interests or not. The reason is it is hard to judge the administrative relief of Stakeholder, while their rights and interests have infringed. In particular, the Administrative Litigation Law in Taiwan does not include the Administrative Suit Act 9, Public Interest Suit. Hence, it is more difficult to judge the interest relationship of the Stakeholder while it involves environmental public issues. This paper mainly analysis the administrative relief arising from the Stakeholder, including total of six chapters: Chapter one is the introduction; it explains the motivation of this thesis, the scope of the study, research objective, research methodology and findings. Chapter two is the administrative actions affect the rights of a Stakeholder in public law. It analyses the legal norms of administrative actions and stakeholders, the meaning of subjective public rights, theory and application for instructions. Chapter three is to discuss the appeal of the Stakeholder. It illustrates with traditional appeal and modern appeal of the theory and discusses the meaning and functions of the judicial review and the extent of the Stakeholder’s right. Chapter four is the practice of the Stakeholder interest petition. There is a case study of the spouse in Taiwan filed a petition for the people in China. It discusses whether the legal interest existing and the parties qualified. Furthermore, it examines petitions which environmental assessment cases of administrative authorities and identifies the Stakeholder has a legal interest in the relationship or not. Chapter five is Exception - eligibility for public interest litigation in the Stakeholder. It mentions about the concept of public interest litigation, the characteristic, the foundation of the Act and the relationship of traditional administrative suits. Also, it illustrates the legal norms of environmental public interest litigation in Taiwan. Chapter six is the conclusion. It provides the legal and practice contributions and findings upon the Locus Standi of the administrative relief arising from Chapter five is an eligibility for public interest litigation in the Stakeholder. Moreover, it found the problems and recommendations as references for future studies.

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Van, Wyk Jani Sita. "The need and requirements for a class action in South African law with specific reference to the prerequisites for locus standi in iudicio." Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27769.

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This dissertation purports to set out the requirements for locus standi in terms of section 38 of the Constitution, specifically when it comes to procuring standing in matters brought by way of a class action. In order to answer the question it is also necessary to look at the need for a class action procedure in the South African civil procedural law as this explains the courts' expansive approach in granting members and representatives standing before a court, specifically in cases where the common law traditional rules of standing and joinder would not suffice. Locus standi is concerned with the capability of an entity to be a participant in a matter before a court of law, having due regard to the applicability of the point in issue to the person of the litigant and its faculty to litigate. In accordance with common law prescriptions, locus standi of prospective litigants to obtain legal relief only accrues to those that have personally suffered harm or would suffer harm through the violation or threatened violation of their legally enforceable rights. In contrast to the above the procedural measures contained in section 38 of the Final Constitution of 1996 allow for representative actions to be brought on behalf of adversely affected parties where the dominus litis is not necessarily the violated party as well as the recipient of the fruits of successful adjudication. Sections 38(c) and (d) of the Final Constitution of 1996 established inter alia class actions and public interest litigation by expanding the common law mandated categories of persons capable of instituting legal proceedings. This dissertation researched the need for a procedural device such as the class action in a specific South African milieu characterised by inopportune social and economic circumstances. The class action is specifically engineered to accommodate large numbers of affected parties that do not need to be joined in a traditional manner. Judicial recognition of the benefits of the class action from a South African point of view must necessarily take into account the social and economic circumstances of the members in whose favour the procedure are implemented. Apart from the procedural advantages, this particular process provides for a diminishing effect of factors such as low income, lack of legal knowledge, lack of funds for legal assistance and nominal pecuniary claims that prevent litigants from vindicating their rights and approaching the courts single handed. The requirements for locus standi under the constitutional dispensation, with specific reference to the generous judicial approach to matters, specifically where fundamental rights are violated or threatened, were examined. It is submitted that these requirements will be of assistance when the citation of the parties is to be drafted. In order to institute action in terms of one or more subsections, a prospective litigant need to show that a right enshrined in the Bill of Rights have been encroached upon as well as sufficient interest in the relief sought. Some aspects related to locus standi but not necessary for procurement of standing were researched in order to contextualise the setting for the use of section 38 procedural measures. There are currently no formal requirements that litigating class or group members have to comply with. The lack of statutory regulatory sources has forced South African courts with inherent jurisdiction to create guidelines regarding the practical aspects of class action litigation. Unfortunately the judicial intervention in creating practical directives for prospective and current litigants to follow has not occurred without mishap. Even though the question of whether the class action procedure is the suitable method to adjudicate the matter does not have a direct bearing on the standing of a party, it is an important aspect to consider when one evaluated possible courses of action. The correct procedure is invaluable when the court is asked to grant parties leave to litigate in accordance with the class action procedure. From a procedural point of view, the court must assist in directing parties as to the preferred manner to proceed with the matter. It was found that the courts have mistakenly held that compliance with certain unique procedures specific to class actions is necessary in order to procure locus standi. Even though an extended application of section 38(c) is favoured, any consideration thereof must take the express introduction by way of legislation into account that sets out the practical aspects of this mechanism. In the socio–economic state of affairs currently prevailing in South Africa, the high costs of legal assistance, countered with the complexity of procuring state provided legal aid, deters many a plaintiff to obtain civil justice. In this respect it can be said that the adjudicative approach of group action proceedings should accommodate a contextualized social setting. The goal is ultimately to expound a device suited and shaped to accommodate both the legal and extra–curial settings of South Africa.
Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Procedural Law
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Lin, Jiann-Jang, and 林建璋. "A Study on the Controversy Issue over the Diaoyutai Islands in view of International Law--With Special Reference to Taiwan’s Locus Standi." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15242769007296601186.

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"Verteenwoordiging van groepsbelange in die siviele proses." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14162.

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Pires, Martinho de Almeida Garrett Lucas. "A time to change or a false opportunity? accession to the european convention on human rights and the locus standi problem in the european union." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/16090.

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Moravcová, Eva. "Aktivní legitimace neprivilegovaných žalobců k podání žaloby na neplatnost." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-313320.

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Locus standi of non-privileged applicants to bring an action for annulment Abstract Every developed legal system is bound to have a mechanism for checking the procedural and substantive legality of measures adopted by its institutions. In the European Union it was of significant importance to create a system of control over the acts of the EU institutions given the democratic deficit within the Union and the limited supervisory role of the European Parliament. Binding acts of the EU institutions are subject to review through a number of routes provided by the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) and the Treaty on the European Union (TEU), namely action for annulment (Art. 263 TFEU), the plea of illegality (Art. 277 TFEU), the preliminary reference (Art. 267 TFEU) and the action for damages (Arts. 268 and 340 TFEU). The Court has consistently endeavoured to treat the several strands as a complex and coherent system of judicial review within the Union based on the rule of law. The action for annulment under Art. 263 TFEU plays a crucial role for individuals as it is in practice the only direct way open to individuals to challenge the acts of EU institutions. The main purpose of my thesis is to examine whether the current wording of Art. 263(4) TFEU provides for individuals a sufficiently...

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Mqingwana, Busisiwe. "An analysis of locus standi in public interest litigation with specific reference to environmental law : a comparative study between the law of South Africa and the law of the United States of America." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27926.

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The concept of standing in public interest litigation has not received much attention and analysis post South Africa’s Constitutional era. This dissertation begins with a discussion of the jurisprudence of the South African courts in relation to locus standi since the early 1900s up until the year 1993. The purpose of the discussion is to illustrate the profound transformation the concept of standing in public interest litigation has undergone after the promulgation of the Constitution. A comparison is then made with the legal position on this question with the United States of America, a country that has been dubbed as the most democratic and liberal in the world which has a Bill of Rights dating back some 200 years. The case law of the US Supreme Court is dealt with, followed by the most important trends of academic criticism of this case law. This forms the basis of an informed comparison in relation to the question of locus standi between the two jurisdictions. It is argued towards the end that the locus standi dispensation in public interest litigation that has emerged in South Africa is the better of the two. Copyright
Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Public Law
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Hilmy, Hanny. "Sovereignty, Peacekeeping, and the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF), Suez 1956-1967: Insiders’ Perspectives." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/5888.

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This research is concerned with the complex and contested relationship between the sovereign prerogatives of states and the international imperative of defusing world conflicts. Due to its historical setting following World War Two, the national vs. international staking of claims was framed within the escalating imperial-nationalist confrontation and the impending “end of empire”, both of which were significantly influenced by the role Israel played in this saga. The research looks at the issue of “decolonization” and the anti-colonial struggle waged under the leadership of Egypt’s President Nasser. The Suez War is analyzed as the historical event that signaled the beginning of the final chapter in the domination of the European empires in the Middle East (sub-Saharan decolonization followed beginning in the early 1960s), and the emergence of the United States as the new major Western power in the Middle East. The Suez experience highlighted a stubborn contest between the defenders of the concept of “sovereign consent” and the advocates of “International intervention”. Both the deployment of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) and its termination were surrounded by controversy and legal-political wrangling. The role of UNEF and UN peacekeeping operations in general framed the development of a new concept for an emerging international human rights law and crisis management. The UNEF experience, moreover, brought into sharp relief the need for a conflict resolution component for any peace operation. International conflict management, and human rights protection are both subject to an increasing interventionist international legal regime. Consequently, the traditional concept of “sovereignty” is facing increasing challenge. By its very nature, the subject matter of this multi-dimensional research involves historical, political and international legal aspects shaping the research’s content and conclusions. The research utilizes the experience and contributions of several key participants in this pioneering peacekeeping experience. In the last chapter, recommendations are made –based on all the elements covered in the research- to suggest contributions to the evolving UN ground rules for international crisis intervention and management.
Graduate
hilmyh@uvic.ca

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