Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Logement du ménage'
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Lefebvre, Bruno. "Endettement des menages et financement du logement." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100134.
Full textFamily financial behaviours have experienced great changes since the early 80's, i. E. The borrowings are increasing. So far, the explanations provided by the economists to understand the families' investment behaviour appeared too simplistic to analyze the present evolutions. Subsequently, we attempted to build an explanatory model to define these attitudes, considering them uniquely through the framework of their homebuying operations. A thorough study of the homebuying families and of the details of their operations from the point of view of the life cycle theory and the theory of homebuying channels, shows that the decision depends mostly on the families' human patrimony. Incidentally, the analysis of the functioning of housing credit markets proves that the household demands for credit can be shortened. These conclusions make it possible to isolate a general trend in the borrowing behaviour of homebuying families, the variable taken into account to determine the amount of the operation thus realized being the total credit allowed. . .
Fodil, Abdelkrim. "Ménages et logements dans la ville d'Oran : évolution et caractéristiques récentes." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H077.
Full textAgueb, Ibtissem. "Économie du patrimoine immobilier des ménages en France." Toulouse 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU10056.
Full textThe behaviour of households regarding the acquisition of housing is studied according to three distinct but complementary visions : macro-economic, micreconomic and econometric. A macroeconomic analysis, emanating basicalllly from the works of national accounting system, studies the evolution of the detention od a main home by the households, the characteristics of the home-owners and the characteristics of the home they live in. This analysis permits to define the key variables which influence the possibility of home-ownership. The micro-economic analysis is based on the psychological and sociological aspects which encourage the households to purchase their residences. The theoretical argument used is Brumberg and Modigliani's life cycle hypothesis. Various extensions of this theory were studied (intergenerational transfers, uncertainty, imperfections of the capital markets, etc). These different theories neglect the ethical aspect which has been taken into account in our study although being mainly inspired the work of Sen based on the concept of sustainable development and intergenerational solidarity in the transmission of inheritance. As for the emperical part, based on the 1997-1998 INSEE survey on inheritance, it calls on two types of econometric methods : the dichotomic models logit and semi-parametric models of duration. The results of the logistic regression permitted to detect the main socio-economic factors which influence, negatively or positively, the probability of possession of the main home. The results of the models of duration permitted to identify the socio-economic factors which accelerate or on the contrary which delay the age of the purchase
Njoya, Ibrahim. "Le comportement d'investissement en logement des ménages : une étude appliquée sur les données françaises." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995IEPP0032.
Full textThis thesis offers an explanatory model of the housing investment behavior of French households. An estimate of the model is made over the period 1970. 1 to 1988. 4. Beforehand, we carried out a study of the institutional framework of the housing sector in France (chapter one). After this, we analysed the statistic data on housing and households that have acquired new property (chapter two). Lastly, we sought out the solutions adopted on a theoritical level to describe the housing investment behavior of households (chapter three). After this survey, the model of assets detention (Patinkin(1965) appeared as the theoritical framework that was more adapted to describe the housing investment behavior of French households. This theoritical model integrates the housing investment decision of households in the portfolio model and, puts emphasis on the simultaneous choice of households between the consumption and futur portfolio and the composition of this portfolio. So, the model chosen emphasizes the interaction between housing investment, mortgage and savings that are specifically set aside for housing. Speculative savings, set aside for a wealth accumulation, is an alternative to housing and is largely held by wealthy households. The choices of the latter, between housing and speculative assets, regulate the rental market
Cherkaoui, Taoufiq. "Élaboration d'un modèle de mesure de la solvabilité des ménages face au marché du logement." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010003.
Full textArnoux, Christiane. "Déterminants de la localisation résidentielle des ménages : un essai descriptif sur le réseau urbain de Marseille." Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX32013.
Full textAfter a theoretical research on household localisation process, geographical, distance or centrality determining criterions are shown. New study with objective (budgetary choices) and subjective (social environment) criterions. Behaviour classification by socio-professional categories, spatial segragation notion. Data, tested on 70 townships inclued in marseille's urban system, reveal demographical variations in time and space, hight or low development potential ranges. Additional determining criterion : housing market. Offer analysis (setting up and construction of housing programs criterions modifications), demand analysis (customs' wishes, constraints, socio-professional categories attitudes). Application on the marseille's urban system, housing market study : quantity, quality, comfort, price. Communal growth depends on three criterions interaction : environment, housing potential, social picture. Present socio-professionnal categories and housing park extensiveness carry along (or not ) residential specialisation, and confirm spatial discrimination trends
Bavay, Lucile. "Hausse des prix immobiliers et accessibilité économique des logements neufs : L'accroissement normatif a-t-il participé à exclure les plus modestes des logements les plus récents ?" Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1023/document.
Full textWhile it appears to be common knowledge that regulatory developments in the construction sector contributed to increase prices for new housing in the 2000s in France, this thesis questions the seemingly causal link between construction regulation and housing prices, and explores its impact for low-income households. Using a more empirical than theoretical methodology, our research consists of building a body of evidence to clarify this question on the basis of statistical evaluation, monographs and interviews with stakeholders in the construction sector.In this perspective we intend to determine the pricing mechanism for new housing, whether for rent or for sale, and explore the price development against households incomes and compare their value with old housing. After setting out the successive evolutions of housing regulation, our literature review, which in particular highlights evaluated additional costs, proves that increase in housing prices is not directly related to regulation. Our research will try to scientifically measure the impact of these new regulations on prediction and purchase prices through the use of hedonic regressions. Although we argue regulation has not been one of the principal determinants of the price increases of new housing, factors affecting their affordability remains an open question. We propose to study the evolution of the new housing population, with particular attention to the low income households
Berry, Audrey. "Essais sur la précarité énergétique : mesures multidimensionnelles et impacts de la fiscalité carbone." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH044/document.
Full textThis thesis explores two questions about fuel poverty in France: What indicator(s) should be adopted to quantify fuel poverty and capture its multiple dimensions? To what extent does ecological taxation amplify the phenomenon or, on the contrary, provides an opportunity to fight it?A first chapter introduces the social and economic issues of fuel poverty in France, as well as the challenges this phenomenon raises for public actors in the context of an ecological transition (chapter 1). Then the thesis is divided into two main parts.The first part deals with the measurement of fuel poverty. I start by highlighting the current debates on the measurement of fuel poverty and the limitations of existing approaches (chapter 2). Next, I explore the transport dimension of fuel poverty and I propose a composite index of the various factors that constrain household mobility and their possibilities to adapt to higher fuel prices. This index identifies three levels of exposure to rising fuel prices: precariousness, vulnerability and dependence (chapter 3). I then continue studying the design of a multidimensional index of energy poverty and I seek to uncover its political implications. Two indices are developed: one for housing and one for transport. I show how these new indices, through addressing the cumulative factors that disadvantage households in terms of energy, can help limit the inclusion and exclusion errorsfrom which conventional approaches suffer. Quantification in the French context brings new insights on the targeting of policy responses and emphasizes the need to address the non-monetary dimensions of fuel poverty (chapter 4). The second part studies the distributive impacts of carbon taxation. Based on a review of literature, I discuss the methodological issues and the modelling choices to represent the distribution of impacts (chapter 5). I then develop a microsimulation model to assess the impact of the French carbon tax on households. This model simulates, for a representative sample of the French population, the taxes levied on their energy consumption in housing and transport. I use this model to quantify the impact of the carbon tax on inequality and fuel poverty. Finally, I explore different scenarios of redistribution of carbon tax revenues to households, with the objective to correct the found inequities - in particular, to compensate for the regressivity of the carbon tax and to reduce fuel poverty. I evaluate the cost of these measures in respect to the amount of carbon tax revenues (chapter 6)
Carriou, Claire. "Loger les ménages et aménager l'espace urbain ? : les politiques d'habitations à bon marché et la question de l'intégration territoriale du logement social (1889-1939)." Paris 12, 2007. http://portaildocumentaire.citechaillot.fr/pdfjs/web/viewer.html?file=/Infodoc/ged/viewPortalPublished.ashx?eid%3DIFD_FICJOINT_0000286.
Full textAt the beginning of the twentieth century arose new ways to organize urban space. This work describes this process from a rarely adopted perspective : it studies the first French policies aimed to assist the construction of social housing, so-called « habitations à bon marché » (cheap rental dwellings - henceforth, HBMs) between 1889 and 1939. These policies not only concerned the buildings themselves but also transformed the settlement patterns of their tenants and therefore, the town where they took place. They also newly legitimated the authorities taking a larger role in a specific field of urban activities hitherto mainly handled by private interests : the inside of the blocks. This study analyzes the various ways in which the rules controlling the building of HBMs have been developed and modified, and how these defined, or even determined the link between these dwellings and their territories. Is there a connection, thus, between housing process and town planning? First, we have shown the major specificities of the environment generated by the building of HBMs. Then, we have studied the great national controversies that lead to the adoption of new financial and legal devices regulating the building of these dwellings. This work ends with the description of how these policies have been implemented in two very different towns : Nantes, a large port, during its economical reconversion, and Neuilly/Marne, a small town in the Parisian suburb faced with unprecedented urbanization
Nejmi, El-Houssine. "Les mutations de l'espace social à Casablanca et dans sa périphérie urbaine : recherche sur les ménages, les logements et les équipements collectifs." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010599.
Full textStolyarova, Elena. "Rénovation énergétique de l'habitat en France : analyse microéconométrique du choix des ménages." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM011/document.
Full textLittle research has been done to date on French households’ preferences for energy retrofits in the dwelling. However, the economic role of these choices is crucial for implementing an effective and realistic energy policy in the residential sector, both in terms of proposed aid and targets. Are households interested in retrofits with high energy-savings potential? How much are they willing to pay and is it sufficient to cover the up-front costs? How many households have no choice of heating system, and what is their profile?This work sets out to answer these questions empirically using discrete choice models. It starts by analyzing the technical, socio-demographic and spatial constraints that face households and create barriers to domestic energy choices. A method to detect household constraint is devised and applied to the choice of space heating system in 2006 and 2013. The second stage analyzes household preferences for heating equipment and retrofits. This second part is based on a discrete choice experiment specially carried out for this research among 2,000 households. This work sheds light on households’ preferences and heterogeneity, as well as their willingness to pay, the implicit discount rate and other economic impacts
Ramamonjisoa, Sitraka Arorindra. "Étude du surpeuplement des logements sur la santé des Cris d'Eeyou Istchee." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30004.
Full textThe Cree of Eeyou Istchee face several social challenges related to living conditions and health. Household overcrowding is a determinant of health and is a significant public health issue in light of these health effects. There is evidence that Cree homes are overcrowded (especially on-reserve) and that communities have considerable health needs. It is therefore interesting to examine the effects of overcrowding on the health of Cree populations. This master's thesis addresses two questions: (1) Is household overcrowding associated with health in the Cree communities in Northern Québec? (2) Does this relationship vary by sex? I analyzed the data from the Nituuchishaayihitaau Aschii Environmental and Health Survey in Eeyou Istchee conducted between 2005-2009 which documents the health status of seven (out of nine) Cree communities in relation to various lifestyle and environmental factors. My research is cross-sectional based secondary data analyses. Descriptive analyses and logistic and linear regressions were performed. Results of the descriptive analyses show that households are relatively large (six or more adults and children) and 17% of Cree houses are overcrowded (> 2 persons per bedroom). Results of the regression analyses show that overcrowding has a protective effect on health, especially for men (vs women). In conclusion, following this study I make two main recommendations: to strengthen participatory research with the Cree communities to build measures of overcrowding and measures of health adapted to Cree culture ; and to vary research types and specifications to better understand the potentially protective effect of overcrowding on the Cree’s health, as well as its effect on gender. Keywords: Household overcrowding, household composition, self-rated health, Aboriginal health
Carlisi-Ridacker, Cyrielle. "Les opérations de rénovation thermique de maisons individuelles : pratiques de collectifs et de ménages (Lorraine)." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCC008.
Full textThis thesis supports a reflection on the expertise deployed by a multitude of actors (human and non-human) on a multi-dimensional and complex subject: global, efficient, and collective energy retrofit. It questions the places and roles of actors in the design of collective and experimental actions which aim to achieve a massification of the energy retrofit of private individual housing. Four schemes, supported by a regional programme, are analysed through the sociology of organisations and the network actor. The careful study of the logic of actions, the articulation and the dynamics of the actors makes it possible to understand how the devices are built as «intermediaries» in their territory, or even as third-partiestrust in their target audience. This one is made up of private owners. The thesis provides an understanding of their practices and representations, and of their renovation paths. The joint study of private devices and uses provides an understanding of the strengths and limitations of collective operations. Through its research-action dimension, the thesis provides recommendations from a field of observation conducted for nearly three years in Lorraine. In this approach, the role of the sociologist, taken in the same way in the observations as any other actor, is the object of a reflexive work
Rabemalanto, Nathalie. "Vulnérabilité résidentielle des ménages et trappes à pauvreté en milieu urbain. Les "bas-quartiers" d'Antananarivo." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV022/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at clarifying how the precarious dwelling areas generate residential poverty traps. Through multidimensional and multiscale approaches, we demonstrate how some external factors, including the habitat, may contribute to the households’ vulnerability. In fact, studying vulnerability in such areas requires addressing a wide range of factors that determine their capabilities sets when confronted to social, economic or environmental risks. Those latter are particularly numerous in precarious areas and compromise the households’ possibilities to get out of poverty. We build a typology of households’ vulnerability based on cumulative risks. We compare the results from a statistical survey to households’ discourse analyses. As for the statistical database, we refer to a survey conducted for the Participatory Slum Upgrading Programme (PSUP) on habitat conditions in the precarious districts of Antananarivo. The discourses are used to carry a retrospective analysis of the households’ trajectories. These approaches will finally allow a reflection on the urban policy designed to fight against the “urban poverty trap effect” and address the challenge of a socially sustainable development
Varenio, Céline. "L'efficacité énergétique dans les bâtiments existants : déficit d'investissement, incitations et accompagnement." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00783705.
Full textYao-Kouassi, Quonan Christian. "A la recherche d'une synergie pour la gestion des déchets ménagers en Côte d'Ivoire : cas du district d'Abidjan." Le Mans, 2010. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2010/2010LEMA3006.pdf.
Full textWith a population of nearly four million inhabitants, the district of Abidjan is subject to various changes : economic, social, cultural, environmental and health, and rapid urbanization. This urbanization caused by the population explosion has resulted in the development of informal settlements and the deterioration of the urban environment. Thus are generated 1,168,000 tons of waste per year, or 0. 8 kg / habitant / day. These wastes are discharged into the single discharge Akouedo, opened in 1965, would not meet any standard. The District of Abidjan is facing serious difficulties in managing household waste by the specificity of the urban dynamic. Thus we are faced with a multitude of actors who invested the field. Our research attempts to identify the different actors in charge of waste management and how can they work in synergy and complementarity. Are also studied the relationship between the commune and households, as well as the practices of the population. New measures have been taken by the state but the problem remains. Information and communication can play a role in the city? How the population of Abidjan can contribute to improving the management of household waste? Our research approach aims to describe and to analyze the system of household waste management in place. It is based on a literature dealing with the management of household waste in a transdisciplinary major African cities. Given the lack of data on the issue of household waste in Côte d'Ivoire, we conducted a field study with a survey of 300 households, based on the type of habitat selected two communes : Cocody and Yopougon. The data were processed and interpreted, our results have led to thematic maps using space technology. Results indicate ignorance of the communal gathering that does not play its role. Households use precollectors, whether in the residential housing or spontaneous. The pre-collection is an alternative to the failure of communal gathering. If compensation of precollectors was well defined and formal activities, channeled and supported, they certainly provide a transformation in management style. A consortium with all actors, would permit manage the waste properly, would propose the creation of specialized companies that would provide new jobs. This overall synergy, through the construction of urban governance household waste, requiring a local approach where relationships are formed between each actor for a collective interest
Kestens, Yan. "Utilisation du sol, accessibilité et profil des ménages : effets sur le choix résidentiel et la valeur des propriétés = Land use, accessibility and household profiles : their effects on residential choice and house values." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/21646/21646.pdf.
Full textThis thesis explores and develops various analytical methods in order to better understand residential choice and the implicit prices of single-family property markets. The area of study is Quebec City, whereas most of the work relies on single-family property transactions that occurred during the 1986-1987 and 1993-2001 periods. A phone survey held between 2000 and 2002 gave additional information on the choice criteria and household profiles of 800 of these actual property buyers. In a first chapter, the impact of the surrounding land use and vegetation is measured using hedonic modelling. Land-use data are extracted from both a mosaic of aerial photographs, and from a Landsat TM-5 image. Various measures of land use, at different spatial scales, are introduced within the hedonic models. More specifically, the heterogeneous impact of vegetation, depending on relative proximity to the Main Activity Centre, is shown. In a second chapter, motivations for moving and residential and neighbourhood choice criteria are analysed. A Correspondence Analysis underscores the links between choice criteria and the psychological and geographical theories of Place-Identity and perception spaces. Also, logistic regressions measure the odds of mentioning a criteria depending on the household profile and location. Previous tenure status, age, income, household structure and location are significantly related to various residential choice criteria. Finally, in a third chapter, the household-level data are introduced within the hedonic framework, using Casetti’s expansion method and Geographically Weighted Regressions. The heterogeneity of implicit prices is analysed regarding the buyer’s household profile. Not only does the marginal value of certain attributes vary regarding the buyer’s profile, but it appears that income and previous tenure status have a direct impact on property values. This thesis, through the development of new methods aiming at analysing residential markets and residential choices, contributes to further understanding the complex links between the socio-demographic dimension of households, their residential choice criteria, and the spatial structure of Quebec City.
Allibe, Benoit. "Modélisation des consommations d'énergie du secteur résidentiel français : amélioration du réalisme comportemental et scénarios volontaristes." Phd thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2012. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00872403.
Full textLong term modelling of residential energy consumption is most often realised by two kinds of models : engineering and economic. The former have the ability to precisely depict the energy demand infrastructure in a technical way but generally lack a necessary level of realism concerning households' behaviours when facing changes of economical context. The research undertaken during this thesis explains how elements of behavioural realism have been implemented in an engineering model of housing space heating consumption in order to combine both technical explicitness and behavioural realism. Results highlight the elasticity of space heating consumption with respect to a number of variables including technical performance, allowing the estimation of the rebound effect phenomenon at a national scale. The second part of the research is dedicated to the techno-economic modelling of households' energy efficient equipment investments. The results obtained from the model enabled the quantification of energy efficiency barriers concerning the main types of housing refurbishment and heating systems. Other results depict how market heterogeneity can be introduced in techno-economic models. These elements were implemented into a prospective model (BEUS), wich was developed during the thesis. Simulation results show that the increase of behavioural realism of engineering models makes it even more difficult to reach mid- and long-term national energy and climate policies targets. Finally, a discussion is proposed on the topic of energy tier-pricing and its fiscal equivalent - a bonus-malus on energy consumption - based on BEUS results
Fiawumor, Senyo. "Dynamiques résidentielles dans une ville ouest-africaine : déterminants du statut d'occupation du logement à Lomé (Togo)." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18421.
Full text«Adequate shelter for all and sustainable settlements development in an urbanizing world», strategy adopted in 1996 at the World Summit Habitat II of Istanbul and expressed in the Millennium Development Goals and now in Sustainable Development Goals, aims to provide a decent housing for the greatest number of households in the world and especially in sub-saharian African towns. Since then, access to adequate housing becomes an important issue for housing research in developing and sub-Saharan African countries where most of households still live in abject conditions of lack adequate water and sanitation services which, among others, typify the acute housing crisis they are facing up to. Housing policies and literature generally promote homeownership as the panacea to solve this size of the housing shortage. Assuming that this housing crisis in West Africa, especially in Lomé the capital of Togo, should be explained by the residential behavior of the households, who are self-help promoters in majority, this doctoral thesis try to answer the following general research question: Are the residential choices in Lomé, especially tenure choice, exclusively influenced by the occupier households’ characteristics? By a mixed approach of urban ecology based on multinomial logistic regression cross-study analyses applied to three data sources (RGPH4 2010, QUIBB 2011 and 2013 field survey data) supported by the life histories concerning the residential strategies of a sample of 411 households in four areas of Lomé chosen as empirical basis, the research confirms more or less the assumptions made, by the following main results: In connection with the general low residential mobility that characterizes the residential patterns in Lomé, households make their tenure choices through especially upward trajectories by developing strategies of «small steps», more according to their demographic profile (stage of life cycle, age, gender, migratory and marital status, type, size) than their socioeconomic status (income, employment, education). These residential choices are also determined by the characteristics of the existing residential parks (typology, location, access to basic services of housing). We find that owner-occupiers are often bi-parental households headed by men, older and larger than renter and free-holder households in Lomé. Native and long-term migrant households are more likely to be homeowners and long-term sharers than those who recently migrate. Homeowner households are overall well-off than free-holders, but they are not necessary wealthier and better educated than the renters. The thesis also shows that family house which mainly makes up the residential park of Lomé, is especially kept for renters, although it shelters households of all the tenures. We suggest that steady programmes of housing finance systems extended to all the sectors of the society, concentrated on the access of the current housing stock to basic services and on the supply, with the public technical support, of an improved version of family house, will largely contribute to offer a decent housing to most of the households in Lomé as elsewhere in West African cities, whether they are owner-occupiers, renters or sharers.
Wang, Yun. "The affordable housing market in Montréal : a market analysis and applicability study of inclusionary zoning." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17159.
Full textBahlouli, Abdelaziz. "L’opération 5000/15000 logements sociaux et communautaires : une réponse au besoin en logements des ménages immigrants récents à Montréal, le cas de Côte-des-Neiges." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6869.
Full textImmigration in big cities like Montreal is a phenomenon which is growing in recent years. However, if households recent immigrants are an important positive contribution in the population growth, social, cultural and economic development of our society, improving their socioeconomic situation and conditions of housing they occupy, do not seem to be the priority housing policies of the government. Despite abundance of statistical data on immigration, it turns out that we know little about the housing conditions of such households and Quality of public support for their social housing are intended. Our research, by a quantitative method and analysis technique Statistics conducted empirical research on population Greater Montreal, especially that of Côte-des-Neiges, for analyze the socioeconomic situation of households and recent immigrants their housing conditions. This to know if households Recent immigrants have a lower socioeconomic level than the average of households in the city, to constitute the poorest households poor, and if their housing conditions are unfavorable report to those of average households in the city and so are among the most poorly housed. In our search for a second time, by a graphical method and mapping technique, we want to illustrate and then understand the logic implementation of housing, developed by the operation 5000/15000 housing community. Understanding this logic in its decision considering the initial choice of accommodation of households recent immigrants and in its uniformity of distribution of its units on the agglomeration of Montreal.
Les cartes sur ce document ont été toutes conçues par l'auteur avec la logiciel ARCGIS version 9.3.
Bendaoud, Maroine. "L’État-providence soutient qui et comment? Le logement des ménages à revenu modeste dans trois provinces canadiennes, 1975-2015." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19004.
Full textAlthough understudied, low-income housing policy in Canadian provinces have experienced fundamental shifts since the welfare state’s expansion during the post-war era. These shifts relate to who benefits from public monies and how these are spent. Such changes raise important questions for our understanding of the welfare state. This dissertation examines the policy similarity of low-income housing policy in British Columbia, Alberta and Quebec. The resemblance is particularly interesting after the federal government’s disengagement from the low-income housing domain in the mid-1990s. The policy similarity focuses around three fundamental shifts: 1) targeting of vulnerable citizens; 2) construction of new social/affordable housing units through third sector providers rather than government-owned public housing projects; 3) stronger use of private market instruments (housing allowance and rent supplement). How and why did the provinces decide to design similar housing policies? Yet the three provinces are known to have different approaches with regard to social policy. Starting with empirical material collected in archives and through interviews with policy elites, the analysis demonstrates that the three fundamental shifts in each province result from the interaction of two processes. The most important one is the puzzling process with its two learning mechanisms (social and instrumental). They can help us to understand that in a context of cost-containment, decision-makers have made the difficult choice to target the most vulnerable citizens following an equity principle, and to move away from the traditional public housing model for efficiency reasons. Public administrators in the three provinces have mostly financed non-profit housing owned by non-profit groups in the third sector and supported private market instruments. However, the puzzling process meets with the path dependence process and its two mechanisms (policy feedback and increasing returns) in the decision-making phase. Both of these mechanisms are useful to understand why subsidies to third sector groups and the use of housing allowances as well as rent supplements, which have started before the federal withdrawal, were pursued. Therefore the fundamental shifts with regard to policy instruments exhibit a certain form of continuity. In addition to the empirical contribution resulting from the study of three major provinces from the 1970s to the 2010s, the thesis develops an analytical framework around policy learning and the permanent search for the best use of scarce resources. This mechanismic framework furthers our understanding of government decision-making, between innovation and continuity forces, with the objective to maximize social welfare at the lowest possible cost for government. Based on welfare economics premises, this analytical framework relies on traditional cost-benefit evaluation seeking efficiency, but also integrates the normative aspect of equity.
Girard, Christian. "Vulnérabilité et stratégies de subsistance des microentrepreneurs et de leurs ménages dans les quartiers populaires du centre de Yaoundé, au Cameroun." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21115.
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