Journal articles: 'Logic, Ancient'

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Krushinsky, Andrei. "Logic in ancient China." Philosophy Journal 9, no. 4 (2016): 111–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2072-0726-2016-9-4-111-127.

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Dimitracopoulos, Costas. "Logical Symbolism and Ancient Logic." Philosophical Inquiry 39, no. 1 (2015): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philinquiry201539112.

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Martin, Michael R., and Chad Hansen. "Language and Logic in Ancient China." Journal of Philosophy 84, no. 1 (January 1987): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2027136.

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Chih-Ming), Bao Zhi-Ming (Pao, and Chad Hansen. "Language and Logic in Ancient China." Philosophy East and West 35, no. 2 (April 1985): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1399053.

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Graham, A. C., and Chad Hansen. "Language and Logic in Ancient China." Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 45, no. 2 (December 1985): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2718978.

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HUBY, PAMELA M. "ELEMENTARY LOGIC IN THE ANCIENT WORLD." Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 47, no. 1 (December 1, 2004): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-5370.2004.tb00246.x.

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Abstract In the ancient world most educated people, including medical men and lawyers, studied some elementary logic. The formal study began in Plato's Academy, and can be traced through to Boethius, and so into the Middle Ages. Many works seem to have been written to be memorized by students. Evidence comes, among others, from Aristotle, Apuleius, and Galen, and from a variety of anonymous sources, including some papyri. The views of the Peripatetics and the Stoics, originally different, coalesced, and later handbooks covered both at an elementary level. The origin of the concept of a syllogistic mood is obscure: it may have existed for some time before appearing first in Apuleius.

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Hutson, Scott R., and Travis W. Stanton. "Cultural Logic and Practical Reason: the Structure of Discard in Ancient Maya Houselots." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 17, no. 2 (May 17, 2007): 123–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774307000212.

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Since the 1980s, archaeologists have challenged the idea that prehistoric actions were guided primarily by practicality and expedience. Rubbish disposal, a superficially mundane activity, provides a critical case for exploring the depth to which cultural logics penetrate. Ethnoarchaeological research on discard behaviour in Mesoamerican houselots has modelled rubbish disposal as a matter of expedience predictable by factors such as density of settlement and length of occupation. At the Classic period site of Chunchucmil, Yucatan, such models based on practical reason succeed only partly in predicting the distribution of rubbish. Ethnographic and ethnohistorical accounts of rubbish in Mesoamerica suggest that fully understanding its distribution requires attention to cultural logics. At Chunchucmil, ancient Maya cosmology explains the location of dumps within households. Thus, both practical and cultural logics structured discard. The case of Maya subsistence farming suggests that practical logic is subsumed by cultural logic, rather than the two logics conflicting. These findings show how broadly-held beliefs and predispositions are instantiated and reproduced in daily life.

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Yuan, Jinmei. "Thinking through Sets: Exploring How Chinese Pictographic Language Shapes Chinese Logic." Athens Journal of Philosophy 2, no. 4 (November 29, 2023): 247–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajphil.2-4-3.

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The author of this paper argues that ancient Chinese thinkers practiced an alternative logic that is significantly different from Aristotelian logic. The paper has two objectives: 1) to clarify what Chinese logic looks like; 2) to re-evaluate the wisdom in classic texts with a clear understanding of Chinese logic. The author uses two major approaches in her reasoning: an etymological approach and logic of sets. An etymological study shows that Chinese pictographic characters were created according to sets - the collections of characters. The author examines how Chinese pictographic language shapes ancient Chinese thinkers’ thinking patterns and provides evidence that the habit of thinking in sets could naturally shape a practice of a primary logic of sets. Borrowing some expressions and symbols from modern Set Theory, the author demonstrates how the logic of sets was practiced by Gongsun Longzi, Confucius, Zhuangzi, as well as Chinese mathematicians in their teachings and reasoning. A theory of sets provides help with a much better understanding about reasoning methods in ancient Chinese thinkers’ minds, so that one can evaluate their wisdom fairly. Understanding Chinese logic as it is provides a fruitful opening for new research in Comparative Philosophy. Keywords: set, etymology, membership, Chinese logic, and comparative philosophy

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Jacobs, Andrew S. "Writing Demetrias: Ascetic Logic in Ancient Christianity." Church History 69, no. 4 (December 2000): 719–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3169329.

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In his influential discussion of early Christian ascetic renunciation, Peter Brown announced that “Christian men used women ‘to think with’ in order to verbalize their own nagging concern with the stance that the Church should take with the world.” Brown's statement encapsulates the particular difficulties facing students of the history of women in the early Christian period. The most basic difficulty is that we possess very few texts by women from this period until well into the Middle Ages. We can point to the diary of the third-century martyr Perpetua, the complex and recondite Vergilian and Homeric centos (“stitch-verses”) of the aristocrat Proba and the empress Eudocia, and perhaps one or two other arguable examples. With a dearth of women's own voices, can historians be expected to reconstruct women's lives? This paucity of “first-person” texts is coupled with a more serious theoretical difficulty facing historians of all periods whose main “evidence” consists of literary and rhetorically informed texts. Scholars are much less confident today in our ability to peel back layers of male rhetoric and find the “real” woman concealed underneath. Brown's comment underscores this rhetorical skepticism by asking whether these texts are even “about” women at all. Others following Brown's lead have understood texts that are ostensibly to or about women as concerned primarily with issues of male authority and identity. In Brown's words, women were good “to think with,” but the subject of that “thought” was inevitably male. Despite these technical and theoretical difficulties, however, I do not think we are witnessing the final and absolute erasure of women from ancient Christian history.

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Ademollo, F. "Truth, etc.: Six Lectures on Ancient Logic." Philosophical Review 118, no. 4 (September 30, 2009): 546–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00318108-2009-021.

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Aryal, केशवशरणोऽर्यालः Keshavsharan. "न्यायवैशेषिकदर्शनयोर्मोक्षतत्त्वविमर्शः {The Salvation in the Ancient Logic}." Kaumodaki: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 4, no. 1 (April 9, 2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kdk.v4i1.64538.

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पौरस्त्यचिन्तनानि मोक्षे पर्यवसन्नानि भवन्ति । अखिलान्यपि चिन्तनानि मोक्षार्थमेव प्रवत्र्तमानानि सन्ति राराजन्ते । पौरस्त्यचिन्तनेषु तत्र तत्र मोक्षकारणे तत्स्वरूपे च भेदस्तु सहजोऽपेक्ष्यश्च । न्यायवैशेषिकयोश्चिन्तने मोक्षतत्त्वं किंस्वरूपकम्, किञ्च तस्य कारणम्, कथञ्च तल्लब्धिरित्यादिकं प्रस्तुतस्य लघुप्रबन्धस्य समस्यात्वेन दृग्गोचरीभवति । तत्समाधानायाऽऽवश्यकसामग्रीसङ्कलनार्थं भूयसा प्रमाणेन पुस्तकालयाः प्रयुक्ताः । अथ च न्यूनाधिकतयाऽन्तर्जालादिकमप्यवालम्ब्यत । यथाऽऽवश्यकमवयवतत्त्वज्ञैः सह संवादादिकमपि विधाय सामग्रीसङ्कलनं व्यधायि । तदनु सङ्कलितसामग्रीर्विश्लिष्य प्रस्तुतशोधलेखसज्जीकरणार्थं गुणात्मकानुकूलःसमीक्षणात्मको विधिरवलम्बितः । मोक्षपदं मोक्षणमित्यर्थे घञि चौरादिकान्मोक्ष्धातुतो निष्पद्यते । मोक्षो नाम दुःखनिवृत्तिः । तत्र केचन चिन्तका मोक्षं दुःखस्याऽभावत्वेन प्रतिपादयन्ति चेत् केचन पुनः सुखरूपत्वेन । यद् वा तद्वा भवतु मोक्षे दुःखन्तु न केनाप्युरीक्रियते, अतस्समेषाञ्च चिन्तकानामैकमत्येन सर्वदुःखत आत्यन्तिकं मोचनमेव मोक्षः । वैदिकचिन्तने‘ऋते ज्ञानान्न मुक्तिः’ इत्याभाणकस्याऽतिरोहितत्वात्तत्त्वज्ञानस्यैव मोक्षहेतुत्वं प्रतिपादितं भवति । प्रसङ्गेऽत्र न्यायशास्त्रे प्रमाणादिषोडशपदार्थानां तत्त्वज्ञाने सति मोक्ष इति स्पष्टीकृतं चेद् वैशेषिके च द्रव्यादिपदार्थानां साधम्र्यवैधम्र्याभ्यां तत्त्वज्ञानादिति । तत्र उभयत्रापि मोक्षे दुःखनिवृत्तिरिति स्वीक्रियते । तत्र दुःखपदेन एकविंशतिधं दुःखं गृह्यते । जागतिकं सुखमपि तत्रैवान्तर्भवति । यद्यपि न्यायवैशेषिकयोर्मोक्षे सुखस्यापि अभावः प्रतिपाद्यते । परं तत्तु संसारगतमादाय, वस्तुतस्तु पारमार्थिकं सुखन्तु तत्रापि स्वीकत्र्तव्यमेव । यच्च नैयायिकप्रवरेण भासर्वज्ञेनाथ च तदवलम्बिभिर्बहुधा बहुशः प्रतिपादितो लभ्यते । न्याये मोक्षस्य कारणत्वेन ज्ञानस्यैव प्रतिपादितत्वेऽपि वैशेषिके तु सूक्ष्मविचारे कृते सति मोक्षार्थं ज्ञानकम्र्मसमुच्चयवादः पुरःस्थाप्यत इत्येव निष्कृष्टिः ।

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Czocher, Jennifer A., and Diana L. Moss. "Ancient Paradoxes Can Extend Mathematical Thinking." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 22, no. 7 (March 2017): 438–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mathteacmiddscho.22.7.0438.

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Have you ever thought about teaching mathematics through making connections to logic and philosophy? This article presents the Snail problem, a relatively simple challenge about motion that offers engaging extensions involving the notion of infinity. It encourages students in grades 5–9 to connect mathematics learning to logic, history, and philosophy through analyzing the problem, making sense of quantitative relationships, and modeling with mathematics (NGAC 2010). It also gives students of all ages a glimpse into the development of mathematics by introducing a reason to think about infinite convergent series.

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Pelczar, Aleksandra. "Wpływ nauki starożytnej Grecji na rozwój logiki." Ius et Administratio 48, no. 3 (September 2022): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/iuseta.2022.3.5.

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The role of logic in everyday life is of incredibly significant importance. Since ancient times, great thinkers such as Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, and Zeno of Elea have shown an interest in it. The present state of logic is the result of a prolonged process of evolution. The ancient Greek times played a pivotal and immensely foundational role in shaping it. From the 6th to the 4th century BCE, the foundations of logical thinking were born, which had a far-reaching impact on the later development of this field. The aim of this article is to present the significant influence of ancient Greek philosophy on the development of the science of logic. Due to the extensive thematic scope, the author has selected key issues that, in her opinion, had the most impact on the development of this science. This work delves into essential elements such as Socrates' methods, syllogism, and the reductio ad absurdum strategy, all of which lead to a deeper understanding of the fundamentals of logic.

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Béziau, Jean-Yves. "Many-valuedness from a universal logic perspective." Logical Investigations 26, no. 1 (August 6, 2020): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2074-1472-2020-26-1-78-90.

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We start by presenting various ways to define and to talk about many-valued logic(s). We make the distinction between on the one hand the class of many-valued logics and on the other hand what we call “many-valuedness”: the meta-theory of many-valued logics and the related meta-theoretical framework that is useful for the study of any logical systems. We point out that universal logic, considered as a general theory of logical systems, can be seen as an extension of many-valuedness. After a short story of many-valuedness, stressing that it is present since the beginning of the history of logic in Ancient Greece, we discuss the distinction between dichotomy and polytomy and the possible reduction to bivalence. We then examine the relations between singularity and universality and the connection of many-valuedness with the universe of logical systems. In particular, we have a look at the interrelationship between modal logic, 3-valued logic and paraconsistent logic. We go on by dealing with philosophical aspects and discussing the applications of many-valuedness. We end with some personal recollections regarding Alexander Karpenko, from our first meeting in Ghent, Belgium in 1997, up to our last meeting in Saint Petersburg, Russia in 2016.

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Wujastyk, Dominik. "The Elephant's Footprint: An Ancient Indian Logic Diagram." Studia Orientalia Electronica 6 (October 16, 2018): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.23993/store.70098.

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A seminal article by Margaret Baron, published in 1969, explored the history of set diagrams (Venn diagrams). However, Baron did not look beyond the evidence of European sources. This article presents evidence of a literary simile from ancient India that exemplifies the idea of a larger circle including within it many smaller circles, each circle standing for an ethical concept. The simile – an elephant's footprint enclosing the footprints of smaller animals – first appears in the Buddhist Canon, and it was used occasionally in South Asian literature through the following millennia until the eighteenth century. I argue that the Elephant's Foot simile can be added to Baron’s catalogue of historical cases where ancient authors were using language that implied a simple concept of logical sets.

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Boyce, Kristin. "The Turn to Logic and the Transformation of an Ancient Quarrel." Poetics Today 41, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/03335372-7974100.

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The development of an analytic tradition in philosophy is bound up with a newly intensified interest in logic, and Frege’s development of a new form of logical notation — an early form of what is now called predicate logic — is one of the conditions that made that tradition possible. At the same time, the development of analytic philosophy is also tied to a turn away from what had until that time been a natural and often mutually beneficial exchange with poetry, drama, and fiction. It is easy to assume that the turn away from literature is a necessary consequence of the turn to logic. This essay argues that in fact there are good reasons to think that if we follow the turn to formal logic through, it instead pushes philosophy back into a transformed and perhaps deeper kind of conversation with literature. The terms that organize this renewed conversation are those of a shared preoccupation not with certain ideas or content but with the power of form. The upshot is that the turn to formal logic returns philosophy to a transformed version of the “ancient quarrel” with which it began.

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Hridya, S., Dr S. Bhavani, Dr K. G. Dharani, and M. Darani Kumar. "A Multiplier Design based on Ancient Indian Vedic Mathematics Using Reversible Logic: A Review." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 11, no. 10-SPECIAL ISSUE (October 31, 2019): 911–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v11sp10/20192887.

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King, Daniel. "Logic in the Service of Ancient Eastern Christianity: An Exploration of Motives." Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie 97, no. 1 (January 20, 2015): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agph-2015-0001.

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Abstract:The present article explores the motives behind the so-called ‘appropriation’ of Aristotelian logic by the Syriac-speaking community in the Near East from the sixth to the ninth centuries. While it is often assumed that the Syrians adopted Greek logic for religious, and polemical, ends, we aim to show rather that the underlying reasons given for the study of logic and its propagation through educational institutions were much the same among Syriac as they were for Greek practitioners of philosophy in Late Antiquity. There was a marked continuity between the late ancient Greek centres of learning and the Syriac monasteries. Syriac theologians rarely, if ever, sought to use Aristotle as a crutch in sectarian religious debates. There are implications for our understanding of how and why the Arabic renaissance in logic came about.

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Fait, Paolo. "Mario Mignucci, Ancient Logic, Language, and Metaphysics: Selected Essays." Ancient Philosophy Today 3, no. 1 (April 2021): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anph.2021.0046.

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Reddy, P. Chow. "Fuzzy Logic Control on Ancient Indian Mathematically Derived SPWM." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 7, no. 6 (June 30, 2019): 1381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2019.6238.

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Martin, Michael R. "Language and Logic in Ancient China by Chad Hansen." Journal of Philosophy 84, no. 1 (1987): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jphil198784181.

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Malink, Marko. "Jonathan Barnes: Truth, etc.: Six Lectures on Ancient Logic." Gnomon 80, no. 8 (2008): 676–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/0017-1417_2008_8_676.

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Meltzer, Edmund S. "Objectivism, Rhetoric, and Ancient Egyptian Logic: Still More Questions." Educational Forum 72, no. 2 (January 30, 2008): 104–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00131720701803988.

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Mrs. Leena Rathi. "Ancient Vedic Multiplication Based Optimized High Speed Arithmetic Logic." International Journal of New Practices in Management and Engineering 3, no. 03 (September 30, 2014): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijnpme.v3i03.29.

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Here, we deal with most effective Vedic multiplication method dependent 4*4 bit arithmetic logic unit having high speed. In this paper, we will perform ALU operations. ALU is a development of research work that has been done for years so we have chosen this topic. Normally ALU is a heart of digital processor, central processing unit, microprocessor and micro controller. Every digital domain based technology has to depend on the performance of ALU. Hence, there is a necessity of ALU which generates high speeds which depends on the speed of multiplier. Therefore, we go for designing a 4-bit multiplier. To generate high speeds, multiplier is employed which is one of the important blocks of the hardware unit and also an important initiation of delay in the path. We have studied many algorithms for multiplication technique but research says that Vedic multiplication is most effective of all in terms of speed. The algorithm contains 16 sutra, out of which we are employing URDHVA TIRYAKBHYAM and the code is written in Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description. Our supporting synthesizing and simulating tools are Xilinx ISE9.2i and model sim-altra6.3g-pi (Quartus II) respectively. At last, we will compare 4-bit ALU with 4-bit Array ALU.

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Denyer, Nicholas. "Truth, etc.: Six Lectures on Ancient Logic - Jonathan Barnes." Philosophical Quarterly 58, no. 230 (January 14, 2008): 176–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9213.2008.547_2.x.

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Iakovlev, V. A. "CREATIVES OF THE METAPHYSICS OF ANCIENT INDIA." Metaphysics, no. 3 (December 15, 2023): 144–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2224-7580-2023-3-144-155.

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In ancient Indian philosophical texts, the problems of metaphysics are intensively and comprehensively discussed. In the texts, creative processes and their final results - creatives - are expressed through the relationship of original ontological, epistemological, axiological principles and categories. The system and the logic of their development are being reconstructed.

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Ivlev, V. Y., and M. L. Ivleva. "Historical analysis of formation of logical ideas in the Middle Ages." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 9, no. 1-6 (December 15, 2015): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-67009.

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Schelhorn, Constanze. "Publisher’s Note: Logics—A New Open Access Journal." Logics 1, no. 1 (December 16, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/logics1010001.

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Witty, Michael. "Athenaeus and the Control." Journal of Ancient Philosophy 14, no. 1 (May 22, 2020): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1981-9471.v14i1p161-170.

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Very early experiments described in ancient literature usually have no detailed explanation of the methods used let alone the explicit Control expected by modern scientists for comparison with Treatments. Athenaeus describes a rarely recorded exception in The Deipnosophistae which has been briefly noted in scientific literature but not sufficiently contextualized. The experiment described has one treatment, a control and Athenaeus cites the desirability of replication, making this passage read like a modern text rather than an ancient one. Because technical processes were invented in ancient times I assume that experiments were also practiced, even though they are not described in ancient literature. This passage in Athenaeus exemplifies, by rare contrast, the general lack of description for ancient scientific methods. This lack may be because the ancient practitioners of technical processes did not have the reason modern scientists use for disclosure of all methods and results. Moderns achieve monetization that is protected by Intellectual Property Law or by acquisition of authority followed by salaried teaching in the academy. Ancient experimenters protected their discoveries by secrecy and maintained monopolies by concealment, an inconvenience for modern scholars. The form of ancient literature is important for this subject: it is not like modern scientific literature. When the ancients mention scientific subjects in writing it is in the form of literary discourse and debate where the aim is cerebral. There is no description of technical details where the aim is to allow replication of the experiment. Comfortable logic not experiment is described and intellectual improvement was usually the aim of ancient literature, rather than practical outcomes. The only reason we have knowledge of ancient practitioners of something similar to modern scientific methods from literature is that their kind of technical antics were briefly mentioned by ancient authors, because of their surprising and amusing nature.

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Tabatadze, Georgy S., and Olga V. Kostenko. "Moral values in Ancient Greek Aesthetics." Bioethics journal 16, no. 2 (December 14, 2023): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.19163/2070-1586-2023-16-2-13-19.

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Characterizing the ancient aesthetics, we adhere to the moral approach of the correlation of aesthetic and moral categories, which allows us to reveal the logic of the development of the relationship between aesthetics and morality. In our study, an attempt has been made, in general terms, to consider the development of aesthetics not as the evolution of concepts, terms, theories, but as an essential factor in the development of morality, morality, ethics, how the understanding of beauty, beauty and harmony in art determined a person's perception of himself and the essence of his actions.

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Martijn, Marije. "If, then, therefore? Neoplatonic Exegetical Logic between the Categorical and the Hypothetical." History of Philosophy & Logical Analysis 24, no. 1 (September 7, 2021): 3–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/26664275-bja10043.

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Abstract In late antiquity, logic developed into what Ebbesen calls the LAS, the Late Ancient Standard. This paper discusses the Neoplatonic use of LAS, as informed by epistemological and metaphysical concerns. It demonstrates this through an analysis of the late ancient debate about hypothetical and categorical logic as manifest in the practice of syllogizing Platonic dialogues. After an introduction of the Middle Platonist view on Platonic syllogistic as present in Alcinous, this paper presents an overview of its application in the syllogizing practice of Proclus and others. That overview shows that the two types were considered two sides of the same coin, to be used for the appropriate occasions, and both relying on the methods of dialectic as revealing the structure of knowledge and reality. Pragmatics, dialectic, and didactic choices determine which type or combination is selected in syllogizing Plato. So even though there is no specific Neoplatonic logic, there is a specific Neoplatonic use of LAS.

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Martijn, Marije. "If, then, therefore? Neoplatonic Exegetical Logic between the Categorical and the Hypothetical." History of Philosophy & Logical Analysis 24, no. 1 (September 7, 2021): 3–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/26664275-bja10043.

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Abstract In late antiquity, logic developed into what Ebbesen calls the LAS, the Late Ancient Standard. This paper discusses the Neoplatonic use of LAS, as informed by epistemological and metaphysical concerns. It demonstrates this through an analysis of the late ancient debate about hypothetical and categorical logic as manifest in the practice of syllogizing Platonic dialogues. After an introduction of the Middle Platonist view on Platonic syllogistic as present in Alcinous, this paper presents an overview of its application in the syllogizing practice of Proclus and others. That overview shows that the two types were considered two sides of the same coin, to be used for the appropriate occasions, and both relying on the methods of dialectic as revealing the structure of knowledge and reality. Pragmatics, dialectic, and didactic choices determine which type or combination is selected in syllogizing Plato. So even though there is no specific Neoplatonic logic, there is a specific Neoplatonic use of LAS.

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Deitz, Luc. "Francesco Patrizi da Cherso's Criticism of Aristotle's Logic Francesco Patrizi da Cherso's Criticism of Aristotle's Logic." Vivarium 45, no. 1 (2007): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853407x202539.

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AbstractFrancesco Patrizi da Cherso's Discussiones peripateticae (1581) are one of the most comprehensive analyses of the whole of Aristotelian philosophy to be published before Werner Jaeger's Aristoteles. The main thrust of the argument in the Discussiones is that whatever Aristotle had said that was true was not new, and that whatever he had said that was new was not true. The article shows how Patrizi proves this with respect to the Organon, and deals with the implications for the history af ancient philosophy in general implied by his stance.

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Novaes, Catarina Dutilh. "Theory of Supposition vs. Theory of Fallacies in Ockham." Vivarium 45, no. 2 (2007): 343–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853407x217812.

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AbstractI propose to examine the issue of whether the ancient tradition in logic continued to be developed in the later medieval period from the vantage point of the relations between two specific groups of theories, namely the medieval theories of supposition and the (originally) ancient theories of fallacies. More specifically, I examine whether supposition theories absorbed and replaced theories of fallacies, or whether the latter continued to exist, with respect to one particular author, William of Ockham. I compare different parts of Ockham's Summa Logicae, namely III-4 (on fallacies), and the final chapters of part I and first chapters of part II (on supposition). I conclude that there is overlap of conceptual apparatus and of goals (concerning propositions that must be distinguished) in Ockham's theories of supposition and of fallacies, but that the respective conceptual apparatuses also present substantial dissimilarities. Hence, theories of supposition are better seen as an addition to the general logical framework that medieval authors had inherited from ancient times, rather than the replacement of an ancient tradition by a medieval one. Indeed, supposition theories and fallacy theories had different tasks to fulfil, and in this sense both had their place in fourteenth century logic.

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Sherkova, T. "Sacrifice of God in Ancient Egypt: Myth and Ritual." Bulletin of Science and Practice 5, no. 11 (November 15, 2019): 382–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/48/48.

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Mythological beliefs about the first victim are archetypal for ancient cultures. According to ancient Egyptian mythology it is the god Osiris — the first mythical king of Egypt — who became the first victim having been killed by his twin brother Seth. Binary logic of the mythological consciousness based on the beliefs about conflicts and reconciliation of opposites has solved the problem of overcoming death through the sacrifice of Osiris. The image of Osiris based on the cult of ancestors, twin motive and sacrifice of bull. Osiris personified the spirit cosmogony of Ancient Egyptian culture.

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KAZATSKYI, V. "The original sources of the idea of human rights and freedoms: from Ancient times to the Renaissance." INFORMATION AND LAW, no. 4(39) (December 9, 2021): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37750/2616-6798.2021.4(39).248818.

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The article describes that the idea of human rights has ancient roots and is intertwined with the pre-modern doctrines of natural law of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. It is argued that in the context of the historical formation of the ideas of legal regulation of social relations, human rights and freedoms, there are certain connection, logic of succession and the moment of development. The main concepts of the theory of human rights and freedoms are revealed: human, state, right, law. Keywords: human rights, freedom, justice, society, state.

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Xie, Xiaoying, and Qitong Wang. "Parameterization of Chinese Ancient Architecture on the Basis of Modulo Relationships." SHS Web of Conferences 171 (2023): 03031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202317103031.

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Contemporary systems are trending toward 3D computer-aided design systems that integrate, network, and exhibit intelligence. The integration of parametric technology with ancient Chinese architecture can enhance the efficiency and quality of managing information on ancient buildings, thereby expanding the application scenarios of ancient architectural information models. By analyzing the construction characteristics of ancient Chinese carpentry work and modular systems, this research outlines the logic and methods for generating Chinese ancient architecture. The program’s parametric technology allows for adjusting variable parameters to produce carpentry work structures of varying scales and forms. Furthermore, this research establishes a library of parametric 3D components for ancient architecture, which can simplify the design process of contemporary antique architecture. Additionally, the parametrization of Chinese ancient architectures can function as an auxiliary tool for maintenance and repair techniques, serving as a storage mechanism for whole-life cycle information. This can enable the digital archiving of component information and model entities in an informative manner for managing existing ancient architectures.

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Yuan, Jinmei. "Analogical Propositions in Moist Texts." Journal of Chinese Philosophy 39, no. 3 (March 1, 2012): 404–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15406253-03903007.

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This article is an effort to improve understanding between Moist and Aristotelian logics on analogy. I argue that Chinese logic can neither fit in Aristotelian deductive framework, nor completely fit in Aristotelian inductive framework. One of the major reasoning skills that ancient Chinese logicians applied is analogical reasoning. Having examined thirteen Moist analogical propositions in a Moist text, the Da Qu from the perspective of finding rationales (li ) among things, I conclude that if the rationales can be found in a changing world, then Chinese logicians seek for the “beauty of creative thinking” in the process of argumentation.

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Basilios, Koumbakis. "From the Golden Ratio to the Golden Series and Their Social Application." Journal of Education and Development 5, no. 3 (November 13, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/jed.v5i3.947.

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This paper is about the logic of golden ratio. It is about the calculation of its value and the inverse value, examination of its uniqueness, the relation with Fibonacci sequence and its spiral and the logic of development of an organism. We expand the logic of golden ratio up until the sequence of Zeno from Elea that tends to infinity. We find the differentiate logic of golden ratio coming from ancient years and its unknown relation to the golden ratio. Also, we calculate the values φ of series that follows the logic of golden ratio, reaching the golden (normal) series, as a result of its logic, with its modern applications. Finally, it is criticized the fact that we do not include golden ratio in our education and the consequences that this has, by compare it with the achievements of its era. The application of golden ratio’s logic in social sciences results in possible examples of its use and their advantages.

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GALLEGO, JOHN JAMES GÓMEZ. "Incorporeal: Lacan’s logical solution to Freudian aporias related to space." Ágora: Estudos em Teoria Psicanalítica 24, no. 1 (April 2021): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-44142021001007.

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ABSTRACT: This article presents some findings derived from the doctoral thesis entitled Subject Topos. The problem of space in psychoanalysis. The aim is to show how Lacan used the logic of ancient stoicism to solve the Freudian problems related to space, which posed difficulties both in locating the unconscious spatially, and in clearly establishing a conception of the body, thus solving the advantages derived from the limits imposed by Aristotelian logic and Newtonian mechanics.

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Ebbesen, Sten. "The Traditions of Ancient Logic-cum-Grammar in the Middle Ages—What's the Problem?" Vivarium 45, no. 2 (2007): 136–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853407x217687.

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AbstractClashes between bits of non-homogeneous theories inherited from antiquity were an important factor in the formation of medieval theories in logic and grammar, but the traditional categories of Aristotelianism, Stoicism and Neoplatonism are not quite adequate to describe the situation. Neoplatonism is almost irrelevant in logic and grammar, while there might be reasons to introduce a new category, LAS = Late Ancient Standard, with two branches: (1) logical LAS = Aristotle + Boethius, and (2) grammatical LAS = Stoics &c. → Apollonius → Priscian.

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Bonfiglioli, Stefania. "Moral re-turns in geography. Chora." Progress in Human Geography 40, no. 6 (July 9, 2016): 810–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309132515627018.

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This paper focuses on the geographical notion of chora, i.e. the earth as ethically shaped by human practices, according to my interpretation of Strabo’s Geography. I argue that this chora is bearer of a logic of the included third/middle, as it coincides with the logico-semantic third way of Plato’s notion of image. Re-interpreting today’s geographical turns in the light of a re-turn to Strabo’s chora/image, I argue that this return is moral, inasmuch as the geographical chora shows that ethics has preserved a logic of image and representation, which is the most ancient in Western thought, but also the most appropriate to contemporary issues. The geographical model of chora which I delineate here – a complex model on the basis of which ethics works in the same way as an image – is also the attempt to propose an alternative theory on the nature of image as well as an alternative interpretation of the role which ethics can play in current debate.

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Weimin, Sun. "Chinese Logic and the Absence of Theoretical Sciences in Ancient China." Dao 8, no. 4 (September 29, 2009): 403–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11712-009-9133-x.

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Kułak, Izabela, and Karol Bajda. "The Genesis of logic – Antiquity." Ius et Administratio 43, no. 1-4 (2019): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/iuseta.2019.1-4.1.

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Logic is one of the oldest sciences. The study of its origin is not only extremely interesting, but also important in the context of understanding its essence. Logic as a science arose in antiquity. Famous representatives of those times considered logic, pointing to its great importance and the ability to apply. Aristotle is considered to be the creator of logic as a scientific discipline. However, even before the activity of the Stagirite, other philosophers also dealt with logic. In this article, it was decided to present the history of logic, covering the epoch of antiquity. The basic merits of individual representatives of this period were discussed, taking into account their deliberations on logic. The authors of the study do not, however, pretend to comprehensively present the views of ancient thinkers. It is not easy to describe in detail the positions and reflections on the logic of individual representatives of the antiquity in one article. Due to the limited framework of the study, the article briefly discusses the indicated topics.

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JRBASYAN, Ashkhen. "Philosophical Conception of Stable Verse Forms (Based on Yeghishe Charents’s Poetry Analy-sis)." WISDOM 3, no. 2 (August 15, 2022): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v3i2.868.

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The article is dedicated to the analysis of stable verse forms in the poetry of great Armenian poet Yeghishe Charents (1897-1937), introducing the structural opportunities for the development of the theme and the idea with some philosophical logic. It has long been criticized that the structure of these verse forms has a clear logic, the roots of which come from ancient and medieval ritual art. Many of the stable forms of Roman poetry (sonnet, triolet, rondel, rondeau, etc.) arose from widespread national dance songs that were popular in medieval Europe, inheriting the lengthy stanza of three parts typical to them, which, in its turn, is associated with the triad often encountered in antique tragedies and odas (strophe, antistrophe and epode). Triolet, sonnet and rondeau resemble ancient superstrophe in their structure, showing the same logic of the development of the theme. Stable forms from Eastern poetry (ruba’i, ghazal, mukhammaz, etc.) also have sound principles of structure and rhyme, which contribute to the expression of their philosophical content. The poetry of Yeghishe Charents, rich in stable verse forms, provides a vast opportunity to demonstrate the philosophical conception of the connection between their form and content.

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Teodorescu, Mirela, and Dan Ionescu. "Florentin Smarandache & Ştefan Vlăduţescu: Neutrosophic Emergences and Incidences in Communication and Information - Book Review." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 38 (August 2014): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.38.94.

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Neutrosophic emergences and incidences in communication and information, published in Germany/Saarbrücken: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing in 2013, is a book that constitutes a new trend, a new approach in the science of logic, philosophy, communication theory, information, an approached and exemplification that it was wanted, it was intuited, it was expected but it has no mathematical foundation, that is neutrosophy. It is a book that presents avant-garde information. It is written by two appreciated researchers and inexhaustible perpetual idea machines: Professors Florentin Smarandache and Ştefan Vlăduţescu. First of them is professor of mathematics at University of New Mexico/ USA, the second is professor of communication theory at University of Craiova/ Romania. Both of them have published a lot of books and papers in domain of philosophy, communication, sociology, psychology, mathematics and literature. Logic started in Ancient with Classical Logic of Aristotle, developed and covered by Three Valued Logic of Lukasiewicz, next ring being Fuzzy Logic of Zadech, finally the comprehensive Neutrosophic Logic of Smarandache.

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MIRCICĂ, Nela. "ATHANASE JOJA – OUTSTANDING PERSONALITY OF THE ROMANIAN CULTURE." Annals of the Academy of Romanian Scientists Series on Philosophy, Psychology and Theology 10, no. 1-2 (2022): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.56082/annalsarsciphil.2022.1-2.39.

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"Concerned with philosophy, history and logic alike, Athanase Joja has written a treatise on logic which is the fundamental landmark of the current logic research. The second half of the twentieth century is marked by the appearance of its four volumes of logic. The volumes include a history of logic, problems of systematic logic and logic of science, which reveals his logical vision, but also his philosophical one. He manages to develop a complex theory of the history of logic, capitalizing on the conceptions of classical and modern philosophers, through a proper hierarchy and interpretation, corresponding to an integrative conception. He gives ample space to some complex, vast and difficult-to-match problems. He has been questioning himself constantly and he sought pertinent answers to problems of logic, epistemology and ontology, in order to capture some generally valid truths. The history of ancient thought, Greek philosophy and especially Aristotelian thought were analysed, systematized and discussed in his own manner, a fact which led Constantin Noica to contribute to the publication of two of his History of Ancient Thought volumes. About him, Ion Ianoși stated that through his texts he proves a certain aesthetic sensitivity and receptivity to artistic values. The present study, based on a careful documentation, aims to configure an image as close as possible to the reality of the great thinker Athanase Joja. Particularly critical of his own writings, he provoked a relatively low cognitive interest in his research; this explains the fact that his work is insufficiently known and valued. However, the 21st century has begun with a globally manifest desire to capitalize on and reinterpret the knowledge of the forerunners. In this regard, we note the fact that his life and work were evoked, in 2004, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of his birth. In the public life, he played an important role in promoting scientific values and contributed to the establishment of prestigious international scientific publications and events, which would capitalize on the results of Romanian scientific research. We consider that any attention paid to Athanase Joja’s work is an approach that is part of the global cultural trends of the 21st century."

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Tang, Bin, Zhenjian Zeng, and Zhenhua Xi. "Research on the Symbiosis Model of the Core Interest Subjects of Chinese Ancient Village Tourism Sites in the Context of Rural Revitalization." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (September 22, 2022): 12001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912001.

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The rural governance pattern suffers from the loss of field resources, stagnation of factor flow and disintegration of public authority. Based on this, this paper takes symbiosis theory as the perspective of analysis and explores the optimization of the rural revitalization path and the construction of a symbiosis model under the logic of “common construction, common governance and sharing”. Taking Zhoutian village in China, which has significant endogenous resource advantages but is difficult to develop, this paper uses quantitative analysis and qualitative interviews to analyze the logic of ancient villages that are difficult to form sustainable development paths in and explore the conditions for the formation of symbiotic relationships. The results show the following: (1) The current symbiosis model of ancient villages is an asymmetric reciprocal symbiosis model, resulting in short-term behavior for each symbiotic unit, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of ancient villages. (2) The core stakeholders are closely related to each other and have partly common goals. (3) The symbiotic relationship of ancient villages should evolve toward a symmetrical and reciprocal integrated symbiosis model, which should coordinate the relationship between the various interests and build a symbiotic path. To this end, this paper tries to build a symbiotic development model of “co-construction, co-rule and sharing” and refine the development mechanism based on the case of resource co-construction, joint governance and benefit sharing, hoping to provide reference for the rural revitalization and sustainable development of other villages.

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Mond-Kozlowska, Wiesna. "Ancient Egypt Hieroglyphs — Contemporary Reading for Fresh Ideas in Art." Culture and Arts in the Modern World, no. 24 (September 22, 2023): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31866/2410-1915.24.2023.287659.

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The aim of this article is to rationalise emotional, intellectual and aesthetic impact of Egyptian hieroglyphs through their examination with the research tools of the aesthetics as an academic discipline and its related sciences. Their evocative power made them possess the property of life, resulting in attributing the ancient Egyptian writing with the power of storing a universal sagacity. The latter is suggested as both a rationale and an outcome of every creative process to which the art of hieroglyphs seems to invite. Results. Nevertheless, through taking a down-to-earth stand for a methodological choice we aim to be reconnected with techniques of making a single hieroglyph and getting insight into conceptual principles of tying them in rows of a text that generate intentional ancient meaning to be decoded and delighted through present day lens. Scientific novelty. The study tries to establish a new both bond and relationship between the signifier and the signified to allow contemporary reading of the ancient signs that could bridge modern man with their Ancient Egypt ancestors. Following Ferdinand de Saussure’s exposition of the semiotic nature of the symbolisation process it opens an investigation into ways the modern mind can bear new meaning that will substitute the extinct signified in relation to the compelling ancient signifier a single hieroglyph is. Conclusions. Adhering to a formal scrutiny of the outer form of an ideogram in the first place, we intend to both challenge and inform contemporary art with strongly symbolic nature of ancient Egypt thought and spirituality that yielded those polysemous signs created with extremely sublime logic of artistic wisdom and craft. A nonrandom and revealing interchange between logics and aesthetics suggests the given art form can bring to light some strict and invariant rational laws that constituted it.

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Min, hoo ki. "The translation of Tongdian(『通典』) Xuanju(選擧) chapter1." Korean Society of the History of Historiography 46 (December 30, 2022): 427–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.29186/kjhh.2022.46.427.

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This article is a translation of Tongdian(『通典』) Xuanju(選擧) chapter1 by Duyou(杜佑, 735-812). The purpose of translating this article was to know the changes in the bureaucratic selection system in ancient China. Through this book, he developed a rare logic in Chinese pre-modern history that the economy is the basis of human life and that the present is more developed than in the past. He also argues that the system for selecting officials through this book has continued to develop through ancient China.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Logic, Ancient'

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