Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Logic, Medieval'

This thesis is a comparative analysis of Ibn Taymiyya of Damascus and Gregory of Rimini within their respective religious and philosophical traditions. Ibn Taymiyya and Gregory of Rimini rejected the use of Aristotelian logic in the valorization of divine revelation in Islam and Christianity respectively. The translation movements, in Baghdad and then in Toledo, ensured the transmission of Greek scientific and philosophical works to both the Islamic world during the 'Abbasid Caliphate and the Catholic Christian European milieu beginning in the eleventh century. By the fourteenth century both the Islamic and the Catholic European religious traditions had a long history of assimilating Aristotle's Organon. Ibn Taymiyya and Gregory of Rimini rejected the notion, adopted by the kalam and scholastic traditions respectively, that logical demonstration could be used to validate religious doctrine as taught in the Qur'an and the Bible. Ibn Taymiyya rejected demonstration completely but Gregory accepted its qualified use.

Nel primo secolo d.C., Aulo Cornelio Celso scrisse una serie di trattati sulle artes di cui rimane soltanto il De medicina, che mi propongo di studiare sia a livello contenutistico sia nell'ambito degli studi di ricezione. Celso condensò in otto libri l'essenza della medicina ippocratica nelle sue declinazioni terapeutiche, farmacologiche e chirurgiche, ma allo stesso tempo rielaborò in modo sincretico le teorie delle principali sette mediche del tempo. Il capitolo 1 delinea i tratti caratteristici del De medicina e la sua trasmissione nella tarda antichità e nel medioevo. Il capitolo 2 tratta di alcuni casi di riappropriazione dei contenuti e del lessico di Celso a partire dal XIII secolo, e della vera e propria riscoperta del testo nel XV secolo. Grandi umanisti italiani quali Guarino Veronese, il Panormita e Giovanni Lamola, apprezzarono il De medicina per la chiarezza e il nitore del lessico, che gli valse un posto nei dibattiti stilistici, nei dizionari cinquecenteschi e tra le prime edizioni di testi a stampa. Il De medicina suscitò anche l'interesse di medici italiani ed europei per la sua prosa chiara e concisa. Conosciuto anche con il nome di “Ippocrate latino,” Celso diventò un’autorità a cui fare riferimento e contribuì alla legittimazione dell'anatomia e della chirurgia. Il capitolo 3 si concentra sulla produzione letteraria di medici impegnati della traduzione di opere classiche, come Janus Cornarius, e di autori come Andrea Della Croce e Marcello Malpighi.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-08-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:22:19Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 migliorini_lmq_dr_arafcl_parcial.pdf: 118726 bytes, checksum: 06055348f788f9bf0c773266e7c034c2 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2014-12-01T14:49:46Z: migliorini_lmq_dr_arafcl_parcial.pdf,Bitstream added on 2014-12-01T14:50:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000723068.pdf: 1651490 bytes, checksum: e621df001ac1b0b1fb4fbae8dc2b1629 (MD5)<br>Esta tese objetiva analisar a ocorrência de processos fonológicos de cunho estilístico, isto é, processos considerados não esperados, a partir de um corpus do Português Medieval: as Cantigas de Santa Maria. Trata-se, portanto, de verificar os possíveis condicionamentos linguísticos envolvidos na sua realização, sobretudo no que se refere a fenômenos de sândi – crase elisão e hiato – e paragoge. As Cantigas de Santa Maria são atribuídas à lavra de Afonso X de Castela, o rei “Sábio”. Esta coleção é composta por 420 cantares em louvor à Virgem Maria, de quem o monarca é adorador. Todavia, para o presente estudo, foi feito um recorte no que se refere ao cancioneiro mariano, sendo coletados, assim, os processos estilísticos atuantes nas cem primeiras cantigas. Entende-se como processo não esperado aquele que deixa de atuar em contextos em que sua realização é esperada, o que inclui casos típicos de opacidade (cf. KIPARSKY, 1985). Desta forma, pode-se dizer que esta pesquisa tem como objetivo, ainda, descrever as regras opacas dos referidos fenômenos. O objetivo principal é, contudo, fazer uma análise do tratamento que vêm recebendo tais formas tidas como desviantes, no âmbito de teorias fonológicas, desde o estruturalismo até modelos mais recentes, como a teoria da Otimalidade. O que foi possível constatar é que as teorias, de modo geral, encontram sérias dificuldades de inserir processos estilísticos na gramática da língua, sendo a Fonologia Lexical (KIPARSKY, 1982, 1985; MOHANAN, 1986; PULLEYBLANK, 1986) o modelo que mais se aproxima de uma solução, à medida que descreve tais fenômenos e os enquadra na gramática fonológica. Por conta disso, esta tese defende que esses casos não podem ser relegados à margem da gramática. Deste modo, para descrição e análise das regras de sândi e paragoge, lançaremos...<br>This thesis aims to analyze the occurence of stylistic phonological processes occurrence, or processes considered unexpected, from a corpus of Medieval Portuguese: The Cantigas de Santa Maria. Possible linguistic constraints involved in their performance are analyzed particularly as regards the phenomena of sandhi – crasis, elision and hiatus – and paragoge. The Cantigas de Santa Maria are attributed to Alfonso X of Castile, the king Wise. This collection is composed of 420 cantigas in praise of Virgin Mary. However, for the present study a necessary cutout was made with regard to the Marian repertoire, being collected stylistic processes which operate in the first hundred cantigas. It is considered as an unexpected process the rule which do not act in contexts where its occurrence is expected, which includes typical cases of opacity (cf. Kiparsky, 1985). So, we can say this research aims also to describe the rules of said opaque phenomena. However, the main objective is to analyze the treatment of deviant forms in the context of phonological theories from structuralism to newer models like Optimality Theory. It was possible to note that theories generally have serious difficulties in inserting stylistic processes in grammar being Lexical Phonology (KIPARSKY, 1982, 1985; MOHANAN, 1986; PULLEYBLANK, 1986) the theory that most approaches a solution, as it describes such phenomena and fits them in phonological grammar. Because of this, this thesis argues that these cases can not be relegated to the margins of grammar. Thus, for description and analysis of sandhi and paragoge rules we will use the model proposed by Lexical Phonology (KIPARSKY, 1982, 1985, MOHANAN 1986; PULLEYBLANK, 1986), as well as studies on syllable structure – like Selkirk (1982) and Collischonn (2005) –, since this analysis requires detailed syllabic structure... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Gladis Massini-Cagliari<br>Banca: José Sueli de Magalhães<br>Banca: Ester Mirian Scarpa<br>Banca: Cristina Fargetti<br>Banca: Daniel Soares da Costa<br>Acompanha CD-ROM<br>Resumo: Esta tese objetiva analisar a ocorrência de processos fonológicos de cunho estilístico, isto é, processos considerados não esperados, a partir de um corpus do Português Medieval: as Cantigas de Santa Maria. Trata-se, portanto, de verificar os possíveis condicionamentos linguísticos envolvidos na sua realização, sobretudo no que se refere a fenômenos de sândi - crase elisão e hiato - e paragoge. As Cantigas de Santa Maria são atribuídas à lavra de Afonso X de Castela, o rei "Sábio". Esta coleção é composta por 420 cantares em louvor à Virgem Maria, de quem o monarca é adorador. Todavia, para o presente estudo, foi feito um recorte no que se refere ao cancioneiro mariano, sendo coletados, assim, os processos estilísticos atuantes nas cem primeiras cantigas. Entende-se como processo não esperado aquele que deixa de atuar em contextos em que sua realização é esperada, o que inclui casos típicos de opacidade (cf. KIPARSKY, 1985). Desta forma, pode-se dizer que esta pesquisa tem como objetivo, ainda, descrever as regras opacas dos referidos fenômenos. O objetivo principal é, contudo, fazer uma análise do tratamento que vêm recebendo tais formas tidas como desviantes, no âmbito de teorias fonológicas, desde o estruturalismo até modelos mais recentes, como a teoria da Otimalidade. O que foi possível constatar é que as teorias, de modo geral, encontram sérias dificuldades de inserir processos estilísticos na gramática da língua, sendo a Fonologia Lexical (KIPARSKY, 1982, 1985; MOHANAN, 1986; PULLEYBLANK, 1986) o modelo que mais se aproxima de uma solução, à medida que descreve tais fenômenos e os enquadra na gramática fonológica. Por conta disso, esta tese defende que esses casos não podem ser relegados à margem da gramática. Deste modo, para descrição e análise das regras de sândi e paragoge, lançaremos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: This thesis aims to analyze the occurence of stylistic phonological processes occurrence, or processes considered unexpected, from a corpus of Medieval Portuguese: The Cantigas de Santa Maria. Possible linguistic constraints involved in their performance are analyzed particularly as regards the phenomena of sandhi - crasis, elision and hiatus - and paragoge. The Cantigas de Santa Maria are attributed to Alfonso X of Castile, the king "Wise". This collection is composed of 420 cantigas in praise of Virgin Mary. However, for the present study a necessary cutout was made with regard to the Marian repertoire, being collected stylistic processes which operate in the first hundred cantigas. It is considered as an unexpected process the rule which do not act in contexts where its occurrence is expected, which includes typical cases of opacity (cf. Kiparsky, 1985). So, we can say this research aims also to describe the rules of said opaque phenomena. However, the main objective is to analyze the treatment of deviant forms in the context of phonological theories from structuralism to newer models like Optimality Theory. It was possible to note that theories generally have serious difficulties in inserting stylistic processes in grammar being Lexical Phonology (KIPARSKY, 1982, 1985; MOHANAN, 1986; PULLEYBLANK, 1986) the theory that most approaches a solution, as it describes such phenomena and fits them in phonological grammar. Because of this, this thesis argues that these cases can not be relegated to the margins of grammar. Thus, for description and analysis of sandhi and paragoge rules we will use the model proposed by Lexical Phonology (KIPARSKY, 1982, 1985, MOHANAN 1986; PULLEYBLANK, 1986), as well as studies on syllable structure - like Selkirk (1982) and Collischonn (2005) -, since this analysis requires detailed syllabic structure... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Doutor

The North Star of this dissertation is Isagoge II §14-15, a passage in which Porphyry links individuals to properties. Commenting on this passage (Logica Ingredientibus 62-65), Abelard refers to accounts of individuation through accidents. Moving from the link individuals-properties, this dissertation reviews late 11th-early 12th century commentaries on Porphyry's Isagoge (P3, P14, P17) and on Priscian's Institutiones (the Glosulae tradition). Here individuality, individuation, and the semantics of singular terms are discussed. These discussions depend on the teachings of William of Champeaux, Abelard's schoolmaster and opponent. The aim of this work is an analysis of Logica Ingredientibus 62-64 within its rich textual network, and an inquiry into the centuries-long history of the link individuals-properties, from Late Antiquity to the Middle Ages (via Boethius and Priscian). The dissertation is supplemented by an anthology of translated passages.

The aim of my dissertation is to give a preliminary response to a desideratum expressed by the most recent research on mediaeval Arabic philosophy: that of determining what works by al-Fārābī circulated in al-Andalus at the time of Averroes, and how they influenced the philosopher of Cordova, particularly in the early period of his philosophical production, that of the epitomes or the so-called short commentaries on Aristotle’s writings. After presenting the intellectual biographies and philosophical thought of al-Fārābī and Averroes, my inquiry develops in two directions: on the one hand, it demonstrates Averroes’ tacit dependence in his early epitomes of Metafisica and De interpretatione on the logical-metaphysical doctrines of al-Fārābī; on the other, it conducts a first survey of all the nominal quotations of al-Fārābī present in Averroes’ philosophical writings. The overall purpose of my thesis is therefore to furnish the textual and doctrinal bases for assessing Averroes’ philosophical maturation with respect to al-Fārābī and Averroes’ progressive independence of thought from the Arabic peripatetic tradition prior to him.<br>La mia dissertazione si propone di fornire una prima risposta a un desideratum delle più recenti ricerche nell’ambito della filosofia medievale araba, ossia quello di conoscere quali opere di al-Fārābī circolavano in al-Andalus al tempo di Averroè e in che modo esse influenzarono il filosofo di Cordova, in particolare nel primo periodo della sua produzione filosofica, quello delle epitomi o dei cosiddetti commenti brevi agli scritti di Aristotele. Dopo aver offerto una presentazione della biografia intellettuale e della produzione filosofica di al-Fārābī e di, la mia ricerca si sviluppa in due direzioni: da un lato intende mettere in luce la dipendenza tacita di Averroè nelle epitomi giovanili della Metafisica e del De interpretatione dalle dottrine logico-metafisiche di al-Fārābī; dall’altra presenta un primo censimento di tutte le citazioni nominali di al-Fārābī presenti negli scritti filosofici di Averroè. Il mio lavoro di tesi intende quindi fornire una base testuale e dottrinale che permetta di valutare il mutamento avvenuto nel corso della maturazione filosofica di Averroè nei confronti di al-Fārābī e la sua progressiva autonomia di pensiero dalla tradizione peripatetica araba a lui precedente.dalle dottrine logico-metafisiche di al-Fārābī; dall’altra presenta un primo censimento di tutte le citazioni nominali di al-Fārābī presenti negli scritti filosofici di Averroè. Il mio lavoro di tesi intende quindi fornire una base testuale e dottrinale che permetta di valutare il mutamento avvenuto nel corso della maturazione filosofica di Averroè nei confronti di al-Fārābī e la sua progressiva autonomia di pensiero dalla tradizione peripatetica araba a lui precedente.

More than twenty years ago, Enzo Cecchini prompted to realize a “systematic analysis” of the vast number of logical formulas and argumentative procedures that stud Dante’s prose works. Since then, several specific contributions have appeared, highlighting the importance of this topic both for the understanding and the philological restitutio of Dante's text. Still missing, however, is a fully comprehensive and systematic study of this side of the Poet’s philosophical language. This work aims to fill this gap, bringing to fulfillment this critical desideratum. The first part of the thesis provides an analytical census of all the passages in which Dante deploys a technical logical terminology. Specifically, the selected formulas have been compared with: (i) the main Latin translations and commentaries to the so-called "Ars Vetus" and "Ars Nova"; (ii) the most popular logical textbooks and summulae of Dante’s time (such as Peter of Spain’s Tractatus); (iii) widely consulted works such as the Auctoritates Aristotelis and Vincent of Beauvais’Specula. Rather than identifying the specific sources Dante used, the primary aim has been to scrutinize his terminology in relation to coeval logical traditions, discussing its level of linguistic and conceptual “specialism” on a case-by-case basis. In particular, possible relations with the Auctoritates Aristotelis and the Tractatus have been explored and evaluated, as well as points of contact with the more complex exegetical traditions linked to the texts of the Organon. As requested by Cecchini, all the Poet’s prose works have been included in the analysis: the Vita nova, the Convivio, the De vulgari eloquentia, the Epistole and the Monarchia. In light of the new editorial initiative of the Società Dantesca Italiana, the controversial Questio de aqua et terra has been considered as well. Thus, the traditional consideration of the “Latin Dante” has been integrated with a special attention to the “Vernacular Dante”; and the terminological enrichment leading from the Vita nova to the Monarchia and the Questio has been diachronically pointed out. In the second part, the lexicographical entries I prepared for the Vocabolario Dantesco Latino (Accademia della Crusca; Istituto Opera del Vocabolario Italiano) have been collected and presented. In this way, an essential vocabulary of Dante's logical lexicon is provided, as a tool of easy reference to be used when Dante's text «fia […] in parte alcuna un poco duro» (Conv. I III 2).

Les campagnes du Maine conservent encore aujourd’hui de nombreux logis nobles maçonnés, qui se démarquent assez facilement de l’habitat paysan et dont les constructions ont été réalisées essentiellement entre le XIVe et le XVIe siècle. Partant de ce constat, une étude se basant sur un inventaire le plus exhaustif possible de ces demeures semble être l’un des meilleurs moyens pour mieux connaître le mode de vie des seigneurs de cette période par l’intermédiaire de leur habitat. Ainsi a été constitué un corpus rassemblant deux-cent-quinze sites encore visibles aujourd’hui dans l’actuel arrondissement de Mamers (cantons de Beaumont-sur-Sarthe, Bonnétable, Bouloire, Conlie, La Ferté-Bernard, Fresnay-sur-Sarthe, La Fresnaye-sur-Chedouet, Mamers, Marolles-le-Braults, Montfort-le-Gesnois, Montmirail, Saint-Calais, Saint-Paterne, Sillé-le-Guillaume, Tuffé et Vibraye). L’étude architecturale montre les caractéristiques et particularismes de ces sites. Il s’avère qu’ils sont en général bâtis sur un plan rectangulaire et leur mode de construction semble être assez similaire d’un édifice à l’autre. Ainsi, il existe des caractéristiques qui font que ces maisons sont facilement reconnaissables. L’organisation intérieure témoigne de l’évolution des logis entre le XIVe et le XVIe siècle. Quelques sites présentent des aménagements fonctionnels reflétant une recherche de confort. Certains d’entre eux s’avèrent aussi être symboliques comme les escaliers et les cheminées qui arborent les prétentions du détenteur avec parfois la présence d’écus. La présence d’éléments décoratifs révèle les goûts des détenteurs ainsi que leurs moyens financiers. Si certains des logis étudiés présentent un répertoire décoratif totalement issu du goût gothique ou renaissance, certains d’entre eux présentent des ornements « hybrides » entre les deux styles. Ce fait, témoigne que les logis bâtis ou restaurés après la guerre de Cent Ans, sont élaborés selon un modèle architectural de transition entre Moyen Âge et Renaissance<br>Nowadays, Maine’s countryside still keeps a lot of noble houses which were built by stonework. These houses differentiate themselves easily from peasantry habitat and were essentially built between the 14thand the 16thcenturies. Based from that information, a study based on an inventory (the much complete as possible) of these houses seemed to be the best working way to know about the Lord’s lifestyles, through their habitats, during this period. A corpus was realized and has bring more than 215 sites together, which are still visible today, in the actual arrondissement de Mamers (cantons de Beaumont-sur-Sarthe, Bonnétable, Bouloire, Conlie, La Ferté-Bernard, Fresnay-sur-Sarthe, La Fresnaye-sur-Chedouet, Mamers, Marolles-le-Braults, Montfort-le-Gesnois, Montmirail, Saint-Calais, Saint-Paterne, Sillé-le-Guillaume, Tuffé and Vibraye). Architectural study shows characteristics and particularities of these sites. They are generally built in accordance with a rectangular plan and these methods of construction seemed to be similar from an edifice to another: the characteristics of these houses easily helped to recognize them. The internal organization gives evidence of the house’s evolution between the 14thand 16thcenturies. Some sites contain functional facilities which show a comfort research. Some of them are more symbolic as the staircases and fireplaces which show the holder’s ambitions with sometimes the presence of shields. Decorative elements show the owner’s taste and their financial resources. If some of the home’s studies present a decorative repertory from Gothic taste or Renaissance taste, some of them present hybrid ornaments between the two styles. This fact testify that houses built or restored after the Hundred Years War were elaborate in accordance with an architectural model of transition between Middle Age and Renaissance

Ce travail porte sur l'application et l'utilisation par Jean Duns Scot de la théorie de l'indifférence de l'essence, issue du péripatétisme arabe, et se donne pour enjeu d'en comprendre le fonctionnement conceptuel. Solution conjointe aux questions de la constitution ontologique des choses, des rapports entre le langage et la réalité et du mode d'appréhension des notions générales dans l'abstraction, la théorie de l'indifférence de l'essence sert de sous-bassement à la métaphysique de Duns Scot. C'est au moyen de cette théorie qu'il est possible, comme le montre cette recherche, de relire certains grands thèmes de la métaphysique scotiste: la théorie de la nature commune et de l'haeccéité, la connaissance abstractive (cognitio abstractiva), et la théorie de la non identité formelle. Le travail tente surtout de dégager le caractère proprement méthodologique de la théorie des trois états de l'essence (triplex status essentiae), répondant à la question du statut de l'essence indifférente, à celle des prédicats d'ordre supérieur et au problème de la séparation dans l'abstraction.<br>Doctorat en Philosophie<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Since the advent of the environmental crisis, some writers have raised concerns with the moral influence of Christian scripture and interpretive traditions, such as the medieval book of nature, a hermeneutic in which nature and scripture are "read" in reference to one another. Scripture, they argue, has tended to stifle sacred relationships with nature as a non-human other. This thesis argues that such perspectives are reductive of the sacred quality of scripture. Environmental perspectives should be concerned with the desacralization of religious texts in addition to nature. Chapter one suggests that two questions surrounding the medieval book of nature's history can help us address ways that such perspectives reduce religious interpretation of sacred texts. The first question is the tension between manifestation and proclamation, or the question of how scripture and nature reveal sacred meanings. The second is the problem of evil, or the question of where evil and suffering come from. It also proposes that Shakespeare's As You Like It and religious philosophy, particularly Paul Ricoeur's writings, can help us address these problems and provide a contemporary religious perspective of the "book of nature." Drawing on scenes in the play in which nature is "read" as a book and Ricoeur's essay on "Manifestation and Proclamation," chapter two argues how manifestation often works interdependently with proclamation. Chapter three discusses how anthropocentric worldviews in which natural entities are exploited also distort interpretive relationships with scripture. Overcoming desacralization requires giving up desires to suppress contingencies, particularly suffering, in nature and in interpreting religious texts. Only as the characters in As You Like It accept contingencies are they able to engage hidden sources of hope, which is comparable to the need to let go of mastery in interpretation Ricoeur describes. Chapter four discusses problems with attempts to uncover the origins of the environmental crisis by discussing what Ricoeur writes about the problems with theodicy and Jean-Luc Marion's phenomenology of evil. Assumptions that specific human origins for evil can be blamed confirm deceptively human-centered worldviews and can mask valuable messages about how to morally respond to suffering that are taught in Judeo-Christian narratives.

Contro l’argomento anselmiano del Proslogion sono state sollevate varie obiezioni, come quelle, molto note, di Gaunilone, di san Tommaso e di Kant. In questo saggio si sostiene la tesi che tutte queste critiche si basano fondamentalmente su una interpretazione imprecisa del testo di Anselmo che, se correttamente letto, ne risulta invece al riparo. Viene quindi offerta una nuova lettura dell’unum argumentum, con la quale, ricercandone lo spirito originario e più autentico, viene messa in risalto innanzitutto la sua struttura formale di dimostrazione per assurdo, illustrando in secondo luogo l’importante rapporto di complementarità che lega questa tipologia di prova a quelle strutturate in modo diverso, che procedono cioè a posteriori per costruzione diretta.<br>Many important Authors – as Gaunilo, Thomas Aquinas and Kant – have brought many well-known objections against the anselmian argument. This paper proposes the thesis that all these objections are based on an inaccurate interpretation of the Proslogion: in fact, an in-depth analysis of the text shows its fully validity. Therefore, it is offered a new reading of the anselmian argument, that looks for its original and authentic sense: firstly, it is enlightened its formal structure of proof by contradiction, and secondly it is showed its important complementary relationship with the other kind of a posteriori proofs.

Contro l’argomento anselmiano del Proslogion sono state sollevate varie obiezioni, come quelle, molto note, di Gaunilone, di san Tommaso e di Kant. In questo saggio si sostiene la tesi che tutte queste critiche si basano fondamentalmente su una interpretazione imprecisa del testo di Anselmo che, se correttamente letto, ne risulta invece al riparo. Viene quindi offerta una nuova lettura dell’unum argumentum, con la quale, ricercandone lo spirito originario e più autentico, viene messa in risalto innanzitutto la sua struttura formale di dimostrazione per assurdo, illustrando in secondo luogo l’importante rapporto di complementarità che lega questa tipologia di prova a quelle strutturate in modo diverso, che procedono cioè a posteriori per costruzione diretta.<br>Many important Authors – as Gaunilo, Thomas Aquinas and Kant – have brought many well-known objections against the anselmian argument. This paper proposes the thesis that all these objections are based on an inaccurate interpretation of the Proslogion: in fact, an in-depth analysis of the text shows its fully validity. Therefore, it is offered a new reading of the anselmian argument, that looks for its original and authentic sense: firstly, it is enlightened its formal structure of proof by contradiction, and secondly it is showed its important complementary relationship with the other kind of a posteriori proofs.

W rozprawie tej prezentuję ścieżki myślenia dwóch średniowiecznych teologów i filozofów: Alberta Wielkiego i Tomasza z Akwinu. Analizuję uwarunkowania, które w jakiś sposób mogły kształtować ich rozumowania (część pierwsza), ich modele rozumowań, np. dedukcję i indukcję - pokazując, jak je rozumieli i jak ich używali (część druga) oraz ich ujęcia metody naukowej (część trzecia). Pokazuje to procedury osiągania prawdziwej wiedzy zwanej nauką (scientia) - 1) które obaj myśliciele starali się stosować i 2) których rzeczywiście przestrzegali. Analizy te opierają się na komentarzach Alberta i Tomasza do Analityk Wtórych Arystotelesa, i innych jego dzieł, na ich Summach, na komentarzu Tomasza do De Trinitate Boecjusza i na wielu innych tekstach obu autorów.<br>In this dissertation I present the paths of thinking of two medieval theologists and philosophers: Albert the Great and Thomas Aquinas. I analyse conditions that could in some way form their reasonings (the first part), their models of reasoning, eg. deduction, induction - by showing how they understood and used them (the second part) and their concepts of scientific method (the third part). This shows the procedures of gaining the real knowledge called science (scientia) 1) that both thinkers tended to apply and 2) that they really followed. These analyses are based on commentaries of Thomas and Albert to Aristotle's Posterior Analytics and other works, on their Summas, on Thomas's commentary to Boethius's De Trinitate and on many other texts of both authors.