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Aldam, Brett. "Contemporary movements, green politics and the logics of collective action : a synthesis /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09ara357.pdf.
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Kornberger, Martin, Stephan Leixnering, and Renate Meyer. "The logic of tact: How decisions happen in situations of crisis." Sage, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840618814573.
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The mass-migration of refugees in the fall 2015 posed an immense humanitarian and logistical challenge: exhausted from their week-long journeys, refugees arrived in Vienna in need of care, shelter, food, medical aid, and onward transport. The refugee crisis was managed by an emerging polycentric and inter-sectoral collective of organizations. In this paper, we investigate how, during such a situation, leaders of these organizations made decisions in concert with each other and hence sustained the collective's capacity to act collectively. We ask: what was the logic of decision-making that orchestrated collective action during the crisis? In answering this question, we make the following contribution: departing from March's logics of consequences and appropriateness as well as Weick's work on sensemaking during crisis, we introduce an alternative logic that informed decision-making: the logic of tact. With this concept we (a) offer a better understanding of how managers make decisions under the condition of bounded rationality and the simultaneous transgression of their institutional identity in situations of crisis; and we (b) show that in decision-making under duress cognition is neither ahead of action, nor is action ahead of cognition; rather, tact explicates the rapid switching between cognition and action, orchestrating decision-making through this interplay.
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Doolen, Joseph. "Protest Movements and the Climate Emergency Declarations of 2019: A New Social Media Logic to Connect and Participate in Politics." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-421114.
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This thesis investigates the relationship between contemporary climate protest movements (Extinction Rebellion and Fridays For Future) and governmental bodies in European countries that declared a climate emergency in 2019. The primary contribution of this thesis is to demonstrate how emerging communication practices by these movements compare to the perceived influence of such practices among political decisionmakers in their governing bodies’ votes for a climate emergency declaration. Twitter content (tweets by movement accounts) surrounding protest actions of the climate movements was coded using concepts deduced from theoretical literature of participation, media and communication. Themes induced from this data were also used for coding. A thematic analysis of empirical interview text from semi-structured interviews of nine politicians in eight governmental bodies (six German city councils, that of Innsbruck, Austria and the Swiss cantonal parliament of Vaud) on this subject matter was done similarly. Relational thematic analyses of both datasets influenced the coding of one another. A frame analysis grounded in these data studied the use of social media imagery and text by the two movements. Another look at the interview data reflects the influence these movements had on climate emergency declarations via comparison of politicians’ stated impressions of the movements’ participation/influences with formations of tweeted movement frames. The data support the hypothesis that citizens engage via the connective power of personalized participatory culture on social media, enabling political participation. Today, we see a shift away from a political logic of social movements abiding to strong shared identity and meaning through frames of collective action. Instead, a social media logic, which aims to achieve the same functions, operates in loosely networked movements based on individualized frames of youth identity. This ‘connective identity’ bridges the participatory culture of social media with offline political participation in the streets and halls of power.
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Bouhouia, Tahar. "Assignation collective et socialisation d'attente : le cas des harkis et des jeunes de cités." Paris 9, 2012. http://faraway.parisnanterre.fr/login?url=http://www.harmatheque.com/ebook/9782343114804.
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Cette recherche-action, nourrie à la fois par mon histoire sociale de fils de Harki et ma pratique d'éducateur de rue et de chercheur, accrédite l'hypothèse d'une production de situation de non force sociale instituée à partir d'une norme administrative, conduisant à la dépolitisation des populations socialement disqualifiées. Dans cette optique, la situation des "harkis" et la population dite "jeunes de cités" résultent d'un processus qui organise et institue un rapport social fondé sur un principe de "non relation", qui assigne chacune de ces populations dans un système juridique et administratif constitué a priori. Or, notre thèse soutient que pour permettre aux institutions de construire du lien social là où elles ont tendance, parfois malgré elles, à construire du contrôle et de l'assignation collective, l'action à visée transformatrice doit se situer au niveau des organisations. Car, comme l'indique l'analyseur "prévention spécialisée", leurs dynamiques sont au service d'un principe qui configure des situations d'assignation collective et organisent un "refus de relation", constitutif d'une forme d'exclusion sociale. Dans cette perspective, le "marginal sécant" correspond à l'"acteur générant", dans son rôle d'accompagnement des formes d'émancipation sociale. Fondée sur un processus visant à favoriser une dynamique de "développement endogène", la culture induite par le marginal sécant permettrait alors aux acteurs concernés par le changement, de saisir les contradictions instituées dans l'organisationThis action-research, fuelled both by my personal social history, as the son of an "harki", and by my experience as a street educator and researcher, substantiates the hypothesis that a social non-force is produced, and is established according to an adminidtrative standard, leading to the depoliticization of the socially disqualified populations. From this perspective, the situation of the "harki" and the so-called "suburban youth", are the result of a process wich organizes and sets up a social order based on a principle of "non-relationship", wich assigns each of these populations in a legal and administrative system established a priori. However, our thesis argues that in order to allow institutions to build up social cohesion where they have tendency, sometimes unwillingly, to build up collective assignment and control, the action aiming at a transformation has to come from the organizations. For, as the analyzer "specialized prevention" indicates, their dynamics are at the service of a principle that sets up situations of collective assignment and organizes a "denial of relationship", constitutive of a form of social exclusion. From this point of view, the "secant marginal" becomes the "generating actor", in his role of supporting forms of social emancipation. Based on a process aiming to promote dynamics of "endogenous development", the culture induced by the secant marginal would then allow the actors affected by the change, to grasp the contradictions instituted in the organization
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Souza, Rodrigo José Silva de. "Construção de um modelo integrado de manejo de recursos para a sustentabilidade: o uso energético da madeira." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2009. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4125.
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Previous issue date: 2009-07-31Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The research objective was to develop a resource management proposal based on wood fuel usage. Relied on the classic resource management science and its principles, presuppositions and hypothesis from biological science, the research aimed to overcome theoretical vulnerabilities from developed frameworks of this science resulted of lack of prediction and explanation of empirical problems. It also aimed to introduce elements from the social science which could explain better the wood fuel usage dynamics. The analysis started with the evaluation of concepts and their relationships in the classic resource management science. After the identification of some vulnerability in the classic model, the research exposes a way that could overcome some of these by the usage of systems basic thinking and the New Institutional Economics approach. These theories showed how difficult is to comprehend collective human behavior and this evidence directed the research to new concepts and proposals which helped the process of understanding collective human behavior with wood fuel use. The application of the framework was based in Lavras Novas, district belonged to Ouro Preto city, MG, which has a complex dynamic of wood fuel usage. This application allowed a comparison of the framework with the usage pattern in the locality which allowed the analysis of the theoretical and empirical viability of the framework and made possible the suggestion of utilities of the framework to future researchers in resource management area.
O presente trabalho objetivou desenvolver uma proposta de manejo de recursos tendo como referência empírica o uso da madeira energética. Sendo orientado pela ciência clássica do manejo de recursos apoiada pelos princípios, pressupostos e hipóteses das ciências biológicas, a proposta da pesquisa consistiu em superar as vulnerabilidades teóricas dos modelos desenvolvidos por essa ciência, resultantes de anomalias empíricas não previstas e não explicadas, e introduzir elementos explicativos aos modelos por meio da identificação de alternativas teóricas nas ciências sociais. Desta maneira, a análise inicial recaiu sobre conceitos e relações entre esses conceitos, conforme apresentados pela proposição clássica de manejo de recursos. A partir dessa apresentação e da identificação das suas vulnerabilidades, houve a exposição de como a abordagem sistêmica e a teoria da nova economia institucional podem suprir, pelos conceitos, pressupostos e relações entre os conceitos, algumas daquelas vulnerabilidades. Não obstante, a partir dessas teorias, identificou-se, ainda, a complexidade da compreensão do comportamento grupal entre seres humanos, o que direcionou a investigação teórica para conceitos e proposições que permitiram apreender o comportamento coletivo em um ambiente estruturado pelo uso energético da madeira para diversos fins. A delimitação do ambiente, representado pelo distrito de Lavras Novas por apresentar uma complexa dinâmica de uso socioeconômico do recurso, permitiu a comparação do sistema teórico desenvolvido com o padrão de utilização do recurso na localidade. Isso permitiu analisar a viabilidade teórica e prática do sistema desenvolvido em relação ao padrão de utilização encontrado empiricamente e sugerir possíveis aplicabilidades do modelo para a pesquisa em manejo de recursos.
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Drescher, Conrad. "Action Logic Programs." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-68252.
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We discuss a new concept of agent programs that combines logic programming with reasoning about actions. These agent logic programs are characterized by a clear separation between the specification of the agent’s strategic behavior and the underlying theory about the agent’s actions and their effects. This makes it a generic, declarative agent programming language, which can be combined with an action representation formalism of one’s choice. We present a declarative semantics for agent logic programs along with (two versions of) a sound and complete operational semantics, which combines the standard inference mechanisms for (constraint) logic programs with reasoning about actions.
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Gustafsson, Joakim. "Extending temporal action logic /." Linköping : Univ, 2001. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2001/tek689s.pdf.
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Costa, Marcos Mota do Carmo. "Characterization of modal (action) logic." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47821.
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Jansson, Andreas. "Collective Action Among Shareholder Activists." Doctoral thesis, Växjö : Växjö University Press, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1665.
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Isett, Kimberly Roussin. "Collective action in interorganizational networks." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280664.
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Mental Health service provision organizations have strong professional norms of cooperation, which exert pressures on organizational actors to integrate and coordinate services to better, serve clients. Pressures to integrate services sometimes run counter to the funding mechanisms employed in delivery systems. This is especially true for managed care. This study examined whether integration increased or decreased as a result of the introduction of risk-based managed care in one community. Data were collected at two points in time, 1996 and 1999, in order to assess changes in services integration over time. Survey instruments and field interviews were employed to collect the relevant data. Standard network analysis techniques and simple content analysis were used for the analysis. The theoretical portion of this dissertation sought to determine which set of literature better described what occurred in a normatively cooperative network with competitive, managed care incentives. I reviewed literature in organization theory, common pool resources, and mental health to support a cooperative view of mental healthcare delivery, and reviewed principal-agent theory and managed care to support a non-cooperative view of mental healthcare delivery. I found that despite the competitive incentives introduced into the mental health delivery network, integration increased over a three-year period. Integration was measured using network measures such as density, degree centrality, cliques, core provider analysis, and blockmodels. The network findings were further supported by the qualitative analysis performed on the interview data. The latter part of the dissertation develops a model that explains collective action in interorganizational networks. It draws upon the organizational theory literature by describing the determinants necessary for network formation and using the concepts of communication, norms, time, and context. The common pool resource literature contributes a diagnosis stage to the model that assists in explaining how networks change and develop desirable characteristics over time, while supplementing the OT literature's perspective on communication, context, and time. I also suggest ways in which this dissertation contributes to practice, focusing on the systems design of mental health delivery systems.
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Drury, John. "Collective action and psychological change." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337762.
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Ayanian, Arin H. "Understanding collective action in repressive contexts : the role of perceived risk in shaping collective action intentions." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10332.
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The aim of the present research is to advance a general predictive model of the social psychological processes underlying collective action in contexts where collective action is met with significant repression by the authorities. The model integrates the recent advancements in the collective action literature and examines the unique predictive role of anger and fear (emotional pathway), political, identity consolidation and participative efficacies (instrumental pathway), politicised identification (identity pathway) as well as moral obligation, over and above past participation. Moreover, the research investigates how perceived risk, due to government sanctions, shapes these antecedents and the willingness to engage in collective action. Five survey studies (Studies 1 to 5) test this model in various repressive contexts (i.e., Egypt, Hong Kong, Russia, Ukraine, and Turkey). In addition, one experimental study (Study 6) examines the causal relation between perceived risk and (a) the antecedents of collective action and (b) the action intentions in a British sample. The results confirm the intensifying role of perceived risk, whereby it indirectly spurs further resistance through shaping the antecedents of collective action. The results also suggest that protesters are intrinsically motivated to engage in collective action when placed under risk. Specifically, although not motivated by political efficacy, protesters are strategic as they are motivated by the likelihood to consolidate the identity of their protest movement and the likelihood of their own participation to incrementally contribute to achieving the desired goals. Moreover, they are emotional, politicised and dutiful as their outrage towards how the authorities treat the protesters, their identification with their protest movement, as well as their sense of moral responsibility encourage them to take action despite the risks.
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Pönitzsch, Gert [Verfasser]. "Essays on Collective Action / Gert Pönitzsch." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1060098938/34.
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Cichoski, Luiz Paulo da Cas. "The ontological structure of collective action." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2017. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7448.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Quando n?s falamos sobre entidades coletivas, a??o ? o tipo de atribui??o mais comum. N?s rotineiramente falamos coisas tais como: ?China suspende todas as importa??es de carv?o da Coreia do Norte?; ?Uber est? investigando acusa??es de ass?dio feitas por ex-funcion?rio?; ?A Suprema Corte estuda o caso de um tiro disparado nos E.U.A. que matou um adolescente no M?xico?; ?Mal?sia retira embaixador na Coreia do Norte?; ?SpaceX lan?a foguete a partir da hist?rica ?plataforma da lua? da NASA.?. S?o essas atribui??es verdadeiras? Com certeza todas elas poderiam ser meramente metaf?ricas. N?s poder?amos tomar entidades coletivas como agentes somente como uma maneira de falar. Neste trabalho, eu argumento em favor de uma posi??o realista a respeito de entidades coletivas e seu status de agente; tornando algumas dessas senten?as verdadeiras. Ultimamente, muitos fil?sofos t?m abordado esse t?pico, mas a discuss?o tende a ser guiada pelo problema da intencionalidade coletiva, o problema de como entidades coletivas podem possuir estados mentais. Meu trabalho tenta trazer mais elementos da filosofia da a??o para a investiga??o de a??es coletivas. Eu tomo como guia o problema da individua??o da a??o, porque esse t?pico aborda quest?es de central import?ncia para a??es coletivas. Especialmente a quest?o das a??es agregadas: a??es que s?o compostas de outras a??es, que parecem ser os casos paradigm?ticos de a??es coletivas, na medida em que a??es coletivas s?o, presumivelmente, compostas de a??es individuais. O problema da individua??o da a??o nos leva a dois conceitos centrais da natureza da a??o: a??o b?sica e inten??o. Neste trabalho, eu mostrarei como uma investiga??o sobre a??o b?sica pode nos ajudar a localizar o lugar das contribui??es individuais em a??es coletivas e como uma investiga??o sobre inten??o pode localizar um elemento fundamental da a??o que ? irredut?vel e distintivamente coletivo nos casos de a??es coletivas. Depois de explorar esses dois conceitos centrais, eu ofere?o uma defini??o de a??o que leva a s?rio o lugar da inten??o como guia para identificar quando um evento constitui uma a??o.
When we talk about collective entities, action is the most common kind of ascription. We regularly say things such as ?China suspends all coal imports from North Korea?; ?Uber is investigating harassment claims by ex-employee?; ?Supreme Court considers case of a shot fired in U.S. that killed a teenager in Mexico?; ?Malaysia recalls ambassador to North Korea?; ?SpaceX launches rocket from NASA?s historic moon pad.? Are those ascriptions true? For sure, they could all be metaphoric. We could take collective entities as agents just as a way of speaking. In this work, I argue in favor of a realist position regarding collective entities and their status of agent; rendering some of these sentences true. Recently, many philosophers are addressing this topic, but the discussion tends to be guided by the problem of collective intentionality, the problem of how collective entities can have mental states. My work tries to bring more elements of philosophy of action to the investigation of collective action. I take as a guide the problem of action individuation, because this topic addresses questions of central importance for collective action. Especially the question of aggregate actions, actions that are composed of other actions, which seems to be the paradigmatic case of collective action, insofar as they are presumably composed of individuals? actions. The problem of action individuation leads us to two central concepts on the nature of action: basic action and intention. In this work, I will show how an investigation on basic action can help us locate the place of individuals? contributions in collective action and how an investigation on intention can locate a fundamental element of action that is irreducible and distinctively collective in collective action cases. After exploring these two core concepts, I provide a definition of action that take seriously the place of intention as a guide to identify when an event constitutes an action.
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Rienks, Jennifer. "Collective action in response to aids : exploring explanations for collective action and investigating the effects of participation /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Vorsatz, Marc. "Dichotomous Preferences, Truth-Telling and Collective Action." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4066.
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Si un grupo de individuos tiene que decidir sobre la elección de una alternativa factible y las preferencias de los individuos sobre el conjunto de alternativas son conflictivas, entonces aparece el problema institucional de como agregar las opiniones diferentes.El objetivo principal de la Teoría de Elección Social es analizar este tipo de problemas a través del estudio de propiedades normativas de diferentes funciones de elección social.
En capitulo 2 y 3 se estudia funciones de elección social cuando individuos dividen las alternativas en dos clases de indiferencias. En capitulo 4 se analiza con la ayuda de experimento si algunas personas tienen preferencias para decir la verdad sobre su información privada. Finalmente, en capitulo 5 se investiga los incentivos de formar coaliciones en situaciones de búsqueda de renta.
If a group of individuals has to decide upon the selection of some feasible alternatives and individual preferences on the set of alternatives are not aligned, then the institutional problem of how preferences should be aggregated arises. It is the main objective of Social Choice Theory to address this question by studying normative properties of different aggregation rules.
In chapter 2 and 3 we analyze social choice function if individuals have dichotomous preferences on the set of alternatives. In chapter, we investigate by of an experiment if some individuals have preferences for truth-telling. And finally, in chapter 5 we study individual incentives to form coalitions in a simple rent-seeking environment.
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Gunkel, Martin. "Bewältigung von Staatsinsolvenz durch collective action clauses?" Hamburg Diplomica GmbH, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2927378&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Dowding, K. M. "Collective action, group organization and pluralist democracy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381821.
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Gunkel, Martin. "Bewältigung von Staatsinsolvenz durch collective action clauses? /." Hamburg : Diplomica, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2927378&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Manville, Michael Keith. "Heterogeneity and collective action evidence from Massachusetts /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1835418701&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Johnston, Robert L. "Collective action and changes in wage labor." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54452.
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This study attempted to address the relative merits of the Weberian and Structural Marxist perspectives for explaining changes in the distribution of wage labor. The findings of the study suggested that many of the common assumptions held by Weberians and Structural Marxists concerning the effects of technological growth, increasing bureaucratization of production, increasing concentration of capital, and growth in the ranks of white-collar workers are not supported with data on manufacturing industries in the post-war era. Moreover, this study introduced collective action as an important determinant for explaining changes in the labor process and in the distribution of wage labor. The findings indicate that workers collective action enhances our understanding of labor process development and changes in wage labor. And, the findings suggest that the struggle between workers and capitalists is vital to understanding the process of capitalist development since World War II, contrary to the popularly held beliefs of many post-industrial theorists.Ph. D.
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Kvarnström, Jonas. "TALplanner and other extensions to Temporal Action Logic /." Linköping : Dept. of Computer and Information Science, Univ, 2005. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2005/tek937s.pdf.
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Carreras, Ashley L. "Political entrepreneurs and intentional action : rationality and the problem of collective action." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30128.
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Anthony Downs first introduced a comprehensive account of political decision-making founded upon rational choice in 1957. Though there have been many refinements of the initial framework, rational choice approaches have been dogged by the same problems that Downs first highlighted: 1) Why do people vote? 2) How do politicians convince voters that they are worth electing? This thesis seeks to address these problems by concentrating upon the role of the 'Political Entrepreneur' and their relationship with voters. It is shown that because rational choice theory is wedded to the instrumental conception of rationality it is unable to account for the fact that people do participate in the electoral process, and in numbers of larger than predicted by rational choice models. Even when a radical subjectivist account of decision making is considered, it is clear that the instrumental approach to reasoning fails to integrate peoples' present actions with their previous decisions. An alternative approach to rationality is considered which seeks to understand people's behaviour in terms of their social context. It is argued that if we are to provide an explanation of behaviour based upon a rational account of action, then we must include some notion of the normative nature of what constitutes behaviour into our theorising. The emphasis is upon the nature of plans that enabled people to ensure that their behaviour is coherent, both with their own behaviour over time, and with the behaviour of others.
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McLauchlin, Theodore David. "Desertion, control, and collective action in civil wars." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114144.
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This dissertation develops and tests a new theoretical synthesis for understanding how armed groups keep their combatants fighting rather than deserting or defecting. It examines two basic methods of limiting desertion: keeping coercive control over combatants, and fostering norms of mutual cooperation among them. It argues that the effectiveness of each approach is conditioned by the degree to which combatants value the common aim of the success of the armed group. Norms of cooperation require a commitment to this common aim to be effective. Control can be effective even when combatants are uncommitted, but loses effectiveness with severe disagreements among combatants. This approach provides an advance on past work on the requirements for armed groups in civil wars. Some assume, unrealistically, that common aims drive individual behaviour directly. Others focus exclusively either on individual rewards and punishments or on norms of cooperation. This dissertation, in contrast, sees each as important and as contingent upon the prior consideration of whether combatants share a common aim.A qualitative analysis of armed groups in the Spanish Civil War examines micro-level evidence about common aims, the provision of control, and the emergence of norms of cooperation. The dissertation then tests its major hypotheses statistically using two original datasets of soldiers from that war, based on the author's archival research. It conducts further statistical tests against a new dataset of defection from government armies in 28 civil wars during the 1990s. It concludes with a discussion of new directions.Cette thèse élabore et met à l'essai une nouvelle synthèse théorique permettant de comprendre comment les groupes armés arrivent à faire en sorte que leurs membres continuent de se battre au front plutôt que de déserter ou de faire défection. Elle examine deux méthodes traditionnelles permettant de limiter la désertion, soit l'exercice continu d'un contrôle coercitif sur les combattants et l'encouragement de normes de coopération mutuelle entre eux. Elle soutient que l'efficacité individuelle de ces approches est déterminée selon l'importance accordée par les combattants à l'objectif commun de la réussite du groupe armé. Les normes de coopération nécessitent un engagement envers cet objectif commun afin de pouvoir être efficaces. Si le contrôle peut être utile même lorsque les combattants ne sont pas engagés, son efficacité est réduite lorsqu'il y a des désaccords profonds entre ces derniers. Cette approche présente une avancée sur des travaux antérieurs portant sur la présence nécessaire de groupes armés dans un contexte de guerre civile. Certains savants croient à tort que ce sont les objectifs communs qui influencent directement les comportements individuels alors que d'autres ne pensent qu'aux récompenses et punitions individuelles, ou alors aux normes de coopération. Quant à elle, cette thèse reconnaît l'importance individuelle de ces deux méthodes et considère qu'elles sont liées à la considération antérieure cherchant à savoir si les combattants partagent un objectif commun.Une analyse qualitative des groupes armés de la guerre civile espagnole traite de données détaillées en lien avec les objectifs communs, la disposition de contrôle ainsi que l'émergence des normes de coopération. La thèse met ensuite ses hypothèses principales à l'essai sur le plan statistique à travers l'usage de deux bases de données originales de soldats tirés de cette guerre, basés des recherches d'archives de l'auteur. Elle réalise des tests statistiques additionnels à partir d'un nouvel ensemble de données sur la défection d'armées gouvernementales dans 28 guerres civiles au cours des années 1990. Pour conclure, elle ouvre un dialogue portant sur de nouvelles directions.
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Shrestha, Krishna K. "Collective Action and Equity in Nepalese Community Forestry." University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2476.
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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)This thesis critically analyses collective action processes and outcomes in Community Forestry through the concept of embeddedness. This research focuses on the questions of when people cooperate, how and why collective action emerges and evolves, and what leads or does not lead to equitable outcomes. The thesis makes a fundamental distinction between equality and equity. The research focuses specifically on the Nepalese experience with Community Forestry (CF), which is regarded as one of the most progressive CF programs being implemented in one of the poorest countries in the world. The thesis adopts an integrated research approach involving multiple actors, scales and methods with a focus on local level CF processes and forest users. This study considers the Forest Users Group (FUG) as a unit for analysis. Field work was conducted in three FUGs from the mid-hill region of Nepal over seven months between August 2001 and February 2002. The field research moves downwards to the household level and upward to the district, national and international level actors. It employs a combination of the process analysis and actor oriented approach and qualitative and quantitative methods to understand how CF is being driven, who is driving it and why CF is advancing in a certain direction. The study shows that the emergence, evolution and outcomes of collective action in CF are complex and varied due to specific and changing socio-cultural, economic, political and ecological contexts. Without understanding the complexities, in which peoples’ motivation and collective action are embedded, we cannot explain the emergence and evolution of collective action in CF. This thesis challenges the rational choice tradition and some key points of Common Property Regimes (CPR) theory and highlights the concept of embeddedness in participatory natural resource management. The thesis highlights the problem of decentralised CF policy and the forest bureaucracy. Decentralisation universally imposes a formal democratic system based on equality without acknowledging unequal societies. In Nepal, there has been little reorganisation of the forest bureaucracy. Despite being an international model for community forestry, in Nepal the existing bureaucracy has been unable or unwilling to transfer knowledge to forest users. The thesis concludes by stating the need to avoid the pitfalls of some democratic principles associated with standardisation and formalism. This means transforming bureaucratic norms and ideology. Context is central for the sustainable and equitable management of natural resources. It must be further researched and applied in decision-making if CF is going to achieve its potential to improve the condition of forests and the welfare of rural people.
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Kube, Claus Ronald. "Collective robotics, from local perception to global action." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21586.pdf.
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Whitham, Monica M. "Symbolic Social Network Ties and Cooperative Collective Action." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/321334.
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A wealth of research on social life has examined the causes and consequences of social identity. I build on this literature by expanding the study of the concept beyond its current focus on how social identity manifests in the individual to a collective-level understanding of social identity as it manifests in groups. This is achieved by bridging the study of social identity with the study of social networks. In this dissertation, I argue that sharing a social identity that meets certain criteria serves as a type of connection which binds group members together into a collective unit. I refer to these connections as symbolic social network ties. Symbolic social network ties exist in social entities characterized by entitativity, which is the property of a social group that defines it as a coherent social unit—a social object in and of itself. Three criteria are necessary for a set of individuals to possess entitativity: boundedness, membership-based interaction, and the capacity to act and be acted upon as a manifest corporate actor in relation to other (individual and corporate) actors. Entitativity varies by degree across entities due to differences in the extent to which the entity exceeds minimal levels of the criteria defining entitativity. The effects of symbolic social network ties are a consequence of the combined effects of entitativity and social identity. To provide an initial assessment of the effects of symbolic social network ties on social life, in this dissertation I use a two-study approach to examine their impact on cooperative collective action. In Study 1, I use the experimental method to test the effects of symbolic social network ties, and social identity more broadly, on cooperation in generalized exchange. Generalized exchange is a form of collective action that is risky but has a number of benefits for collectivities and their members. I compare effects across three levels of social identity: no social identity, category-based social identity, and entity-based symbolic social network ties. Results strongly support my theoretical argument; entity-based symbolic social network ties have a stronger impact on cooperation than category-based social identity. Indeed, the level of cooperation in the category-based social identity condition is not significantly different from the level of cooperation found in the no social identity control condition. The second study uses survey data to assess whether the causal findings from Study 1 hold in the context of real world entities. In Study 2, I examine the relationship between symbolic social network ties and community involvement in small towns. Community involvement is a contextually specific form of collective action that can be vital to the success of a community. Specifically, I examine how variations in each of the three criteria of entitativity—boundedness, interaction, and corporate actor capacity—relate to residents’ propensity to participate in two forms of community involvement: voluntary participation in community improvement activities and active membership in local organizations. As predicted, I find that boundedness and interaction are positively related to both forms of community involvement; corporate actor capacity, however, was not found to be significantly related to either form of community involvement. Implications of these results and potential directions for future research are discussed.
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Buchroth, Ilona. "Motivational and situational discourses in collective community action." Thesis, Durham University, 2007. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2847/.
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This thesis is concerned with attempting to understand the contemporary motivation and conditions for collective community action. This study is based on interviews with 20 people who are active in their local community in the North East of England. It explores the rationale behind their commitment to the 'common good' and identifies the circumstances and conditions that support, shape and develop that commitment. The study is of particular current interest and also highlights contemporary tensions. On the one hand current government policy, especially in the areas of renewal and regeneration, relies heavily on the active involvement of local people, both in the areas of decision making at strategic level and through an increase in community and voluntary sector activity. On the other hand however, society is generally described as displaying features of what some may term the 'post-modern' condition, that is a mind-set defined primarily through an increase in individualism, an absence of collective values and a tendency 'to bowl alone' (Putnam 2000). This tendency is reflected in the changes to adult education, which has been increasingly individualised and therefore no longer provides the pathways to collective involvement that used to be part of its radical tradition. The findings from this study challenge the prevailing assumptions of apathy, inactivity and individualism and show the very broad range of reasons that motivate people of different ages and backgrounds to become and remain active with others. Furthermore, this study outlines the conditions that are likely for this engagement to flourish, to take it beyond a remedial, temporary 'life style' option and instead to allow it to take root as a sustainable and transformative contribution to local neighbourhoods.
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Crosson, Scott Brady. "Exclusive group formation as a collective action problem /." Connect to title online (ProQuest) Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10451.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2000.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-95). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.
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King, Maia. "Collective action in networks : communication, cooperation and redistribution." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2017. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/30711.
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A person's friends, neighbours and other social relationships can have a large impact on their economic outcomes. We examine three important ways that networks can affect people's lives: when networks describe who they communicate with, who they can trust, and who benefits from their public good provision. We analyse information transmission in networks in a new, intuitive way which removes the problematic redundancy of double counting the signals that travel through more than one walk between nodes. Two-connectedness and cycles of length four play an important role in whether players are `visible', which means that other players can communicate about them. Next, using this approach to network communication, we investigate cooperation and punishment in a society where information flows about cheating are determined by an arbitrary fixed network. We identify which players can trust and cooperate with each other in a repeated game where members of a community are randomly matched in pairs. Our model shows how two aspects of trust depend on players' network position: they are `trusting' if they are more likely to receive information about other players' types; and they are `trusted' if others can communicate about them, giving them strong incentives not to deviate. Lastly, in networks with private provision of public goods, we show that a `neutral' policy corresponds to a switch in the direction of the impact of income redistribution. Where redistribution is non- neutral, we can identify the welfare effects of transfers, including whether or not Pareto-improving transfers are possible. If not, we find the implicit welfare weights of the original equilibrium. In this setting, we also identify a transfer paradox, where, counter-intuitively, a transfer of wealth between economic agents can result in the giver being better off at the new Nash equilibrium, while the recipient is worse off.
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Levinger, Joshua Sable. "Boycott Toolkit : collaborative research for collective economic action." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62119.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Many modern social movements advocate boycotts as a mechanism to pursue social change. However, these campaigns are often broad in scope and limited to committed activists as potential adherents. This thesis describes a web-based platform to organize highly targeted boycotts, perform collaborative research, and disseminate information through social networks. The approach differs from current boycott lists by allowing for community contributed content and by linking specific geographic contexts with potential individual actions. To better understand the needs of a real-world boycott campaign, the author traveled to Israel and the West Bank to meet with human rights advocates, international aid workers, journalists and activists. This field work suggested an appropriate structure in which a better boycott could be developed. After fully developing a tool that addressed these needs and constraints, the tool was broadened to demonstrate wider applications. The Boycott Toolkit was deployed to an international network of activists with seven campaigns that follow several major ongoing boycotts of today. These focused on a diverse set of issues: immigrant rights, environmental justice, marriage equality, reactionary media, and the ongoing Israel-Palestine conflict. The project was released to media attention, and a user survey indicated an appreciation for the careful differentiation between targets, revealing an enthusiastic, though small, set of active contributors.
by Joshua Sable Levinger.
S.M.
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Cakal, Huseyin. "Intergroup contact and collective action : an integrative approach." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e0b0e014-32f1-491c-b582-98ac12b1a9e6.
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This thesis investigated the effects of intergroup contact on different types of collective action tendencies among advantaged and disadvantaged groups. Studies 1 and 2 tested the simultaneous effects of intergroup contact and established predictors of collective action on collective action tendencies and ingroup and outgroup oriented policies among Blacks and Whites in South Africa, and compared the effects of intergroup contact and social identity on collective action tendencies via relative deprivation and group efficacy. The findings revealed that while social identity was positively associated with collective action tendencies, both directly and indirectly, effects of contact were negative and indirect via relative deprivation and group efficacy. Studies 3 and 4 investigated the effects of contact and social identity on collective action tendencies via perceived threats. Using data from Turkish and Kurdish groups in Turkey, I found that social identity predicted collective action tendencies positively, both directly and indirectly, while it predicted outgroup attitudes negatively and indirectly via perceived threats. Intergroup contact, on the other hand, predicted outgroup attitudes positively, both directly and indirectly, and collective action tendencies negatively via perceived threats. In Study 5, intergroup contact was positively associated, both directly and indirectly, via perspective taking and collective guilt, associated with outgroup oriented collective action tendencies. In Study 6, the effect of social identity on ingroup oriented collective action was positive and direct. Intergroup contact with the weaker minority group, on the other hand, was positively associated with outgroup oriented collective action tendencies via perspective taking. Additionally, intergroup contact with the majority outgroup moderated this relationship. When participants reported more contact with the majority group, intergroup contact with the weaker minority was not associated with outgroup oriented collective action tendencies. However, when the participants reported less contact with the majority group, intergroup contact positively predicted outgroup oriented collective action tendencies. Finally, Study 7 investigated the effects of two different dimensions of contact, contact with the majority and minority on collective action, via outgroup attitudes, dual-identification, and common ingroup identity in a three wave longitudinal design (N=610) among Turkish Cypriots in northern Cyprus. While the results did not support findings from the previous studies on the so-called paradoxical effects of contact on collective action tendencies, they revealed a robust negative reciprocal relationship between outgroup attitudes toward Greek Cypriots and collective action tendencies.
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Crosson, Scott 1970. "Exclusive group formation as a collective action problem." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10451.
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vii, 95 p. : ill. A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries under the call numbers: KNIGHT HB846.5 .C76 2000By traditional economic reasoning, the production and sale of private goods is assumed to be efficient in a pure market because only the owners of privately held goods can access and enjoy them. In contrast, public goods are likely to be under supplied, because individuals can free ride on the contributions of others. Citizens can solve the free rider problem either spontaneously or through the use of coercive tools such as taxation. However, such solutions will rarely be efficient. An alternative solution, seldom studied by political scientists, is the formation of clubs. Clubs exist to provide semi-public goods to their members. If only contributing members of a club can access its product (the club good), the club should be free of the free-rider problem. Because club goods are finite and rivalrous, clubs are subject to "crowding effects"; that is, per-member benefits will decline if clubs grow too large. Clubs can minimize this crowding by limiting the size of their membership. Clubs are traditionally formulated as consumer- driven arrangements, driven solely by the wealth-maximizing preferences of their memberships and not by external concerns. In an experimental setting, this dissertation demonstrates that clubs also tolerate crowding if club membership is the sole source of some club good for otherwise excluded individuals. Club members can minimize the effects of this crowding by making multilateral promises not to overuse the club good. This means that clubs members do consider the social ramifications of the club's membership policies, and those membership policies respond to government action (specifically, the presence of other funding for excluded individuals). This has implications for both the study of clubs and the associations that resemble them: firms, coalitions, and communities.
Committee in charge: Dr. John Orbell, Chair; Dr. Holly Arrow; Dr. Bill Harbaugh; Dr. Ron Mitchell
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Hyppolite, Marie-Jasmine. "Se préparer à une action de négociation collective." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAC015.
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Cette recherche porte sur les transformations des acteurs en situation de préparation d’une négociation collective. Analysées sous le prisme de l’interaction, ces transformations s’effectuent dans le cadre de « mouvements conversationnels ». En coprésence, les acteurs modifient leurs habitudes d’activité. L’entrée par l’activité permet d’identifier trois voies de transformation : les transformations conjointes des perceptions et- du cadre perceptif, les transformations de la familiarité globale à la situation de négociation, les transformations des possibles d’activités par l’émission de nouvelles hypothèses d’action. Autant de transformations modifiant les conditions d’engagement de l’action. L’enregistrement auditif a permis le recueil principal de données et en fait un résultat méthodologiqueThis research concerns actor’s transformation in situation of bargaing’s preparation. Analysed as interaction, these transformations are about “movements in conversation”. When actors are in the same place, they modify their activity habit. The activity entry allows to identify three ways of transformation: the joint transformation of perception and a perceptive framework, transformations of global familiarity in bargaining situation, transformation of possible activities by the issuance news hypothesis of action. Too many transformations modifying conditions of action’s commitment. The tape recording has allowed the main collect of data and in fact a methodological result
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Darnell, Melissa Liberty. "Rethinking empowerment: Collective action as intervention with women." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3401.
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This study explores women's feelings of empowerment that result from participating in collective action events. The study contributes to the growing body of social work scholarship on empowerment practice by identifying and describing the specific variables that may contribute to or enhance empowerment feelings in women as a result of collective action participation.
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Toizer, Barbara. "Perceived Essentialism, Group Relative Deprivation, and Collective Action." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1486743133258512.
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Ahlskog, Rafael. "Essays on the collective action dilemma of vaccination." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-311020.
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Vaccines famously possess positive externalities that make them susceptible to the collective action dilemma: when I get vaccinated, I protect not only myself, but also those who I might otherwise have infected. Thus, some people will have an incentive to free ride on the immunity of others. In a population of rational agents, the critical level of vaccination uptake required for herd immunity will therefore be difficult to attain in the long run, which poses difficulties for disease eradication. In this doctoral dissertation, I explore different implications of the collective action dilemma of vaccination, and different ways of ameliorating it. First: given that coercion or force could solve the dilemma, and democracies may be less likely to engage in policies that violate the physical integrity of citizens, democracies may also be at a disadvantage compared to non-democracies when securing herd immunity. In essay I, I show that this is, empirically, indeed the case. Barring the use of extensive coercion therefore necessitates other solutions. In essay II, I highlight the exception to individual rationality found in other-regarding motivations such as altruism. Our moral psychology has likely evolved to take other's welfare into account, but the extent of our prosocial motivations vary: a wider form of altruism that encompasses not just family or friends, but strangers, is likely to give way to a more narrow form when humans pair-bond and have children. This dynamic is shown to apply to the sentiments underlying vaccination behavior as well: appeals to the welfare of society of getting vaccinated have positive effects on vaccination propensity, but this effect disappears in people with families and children. On this demographic, appeals to the welfare of close loved ones instead appears to have large effects. In essay III, I investigate whether the prosocial motivations underlying vaccination behavior are liable to be affected by motivation crowding - that is, whether they are crowded out when introducing economic incentives to get vaccinated. I find that on average, economic incentives do not have adverse effects, but for a small minority of highly prosocially motivated people, they might.
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Ó, Luain Kerron Rónán. "Popular collective action in Catholic Ulster, 1848-1867." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709687.
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This thesis, by examining the attitudes of Catholics who engaged in collective action in Ulster during the years 1848-1867, challenges the prevailing historical consensus that the period between the Famine and the Land War was one in which Catholic Ireland was content within the Union. It documents five key social and political forms of collective action that existed in Catholic Ulster during these years, and the mentalities which such action derived from. The work concludes that, in contrast to those scholars who maintain that nationalism was only imported into the north from the 1880s onwards, its lineal antecedents can be traced back to the years 1848-67 at least, if not much earlier. Moreover, when considering the accumulated forms of collective action in the province during these years it becomes clear that at least some Catholics were not being absorbed into an accommodation with British power; on the contrary, the culture and behaviour of those Ulster Catholics who practiced collective action exhibited a variety of disaffected mentalities which were inherently inimical to the state and, in the case of political forms of organisation such as the Confederates and the Fenians, were explicitly hostile to the British government.
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Pont, Boix Judit. "Older people and collective action : social psychological determinants." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2001. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842725/.
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This thesis examines the social psychological processes and factors involved in willingness to participate in collective action among older people. This work is framed within two social psychological theories, i.e. Identity Process Theory (Break well, 1986) and Social Representations Theory (Moscovici, 1984). The research used the construct of barriers to collective action. The barriers were conceptualised at different levels of analysis and were considered to embody both identity and representational aspects. The research comprised three studies. Study 1 used a questionnaire among 277 older people in order to establish the extent to which older people participate in different types of collective action. Two types of participation were identified, i.e. 'active' and 'passive'. Disability in specific areas and non-participation in a group were related to lower involvement in collective action. Study 2 was designed to explore the social issues older people are concerned about, to identify the types of collective action they are likely to take, and to examine perceived barriers to engaging in collective action. Thirteen focus groups were run (n= 59) and the data was content analysed. Findings showed that older people perceive a need for social change for a wide variety of social issues and the importance of several aspects of identity and belief systems as either facilitators or barriers to engaging in collective action was revealed. Collective action was defined in terms of type of action (from individual to group action) and type of goal (from collective expression to collective change). Different social psychological factors accounting for willingness to engage in collective action were identified. These were investigated in the following study. Study 3 (n= 345) investigated the relationships between certain social psychological factors and collective action. Differences in perceptions of barriers according to five levels (intraindividual, interpersonal, intragroup, intergroup, societal) were shown. These were related to the way they give meaning to older people's identity structure and social beliefs. A model of collective action was tested. Willingness to participate in collective action was directly predicted by political trust, previous experience of collective action, perceived effectiveness of collective action and perceived barriers. Identity and ideology factors acted indirectly through previous experience, perceived effectiveness and perceived barriers. This work has implications for future research on the study of processes involved in explaining the generation of collective action and for the study of the socio-cognitive processes affecting ageing.
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Capuana, Lavinia. "Role of PTEN during collective cell migration." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS051.pdf.
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La migration cellulaire correspond à l’habilité des cellules de se déplacer d’un point à un autre. Certaines cellules se déplacent individuellement tandis que d’autres, sous l’influence de conditions physiologiques ou pathologiques, migrent collectivement en groupes étroitement associées. L’efficacité de ce processus dépend de la capacité des cellules à coordonner les étapes clés de la migration cellulaire. Tout d’abord les cellules établissent conjointement un axe de polarité avant-arrière pour restreindre l’activité protrusive à l’avant du groupe de cellules. Puis la régulation dynamique des contacts cellules-cellules et cellules-matrice extracellulaire permet le mouvement coordonné du groupe. La migration collective est observée aussi bien lors des processus de morphogénèse embryonnaire que lors du développement agressif des tumeurs. Les glioblastomes (GBM) sont des cancers des cellules gliales qui représentent la forme la plus agressive des tumeurs primaires du cerveau. Le taux de survie à 5 ans extrêmement bas (<5%) serait principalement dû aux capacités invasives des cellules de GBM, individuellement et collectivement, qui empêchent l’efficacité des traitements actuels. PTEN (Phosphatase et TENsin homolog) est un gène suppresseur de tumeur dont la fonction est altérée dans plus de 60% des GBM. De précédents travaux ont suggéré que la perte de fonction de PTEN augmenterait les propriétés invasives des cellules tumorales. Néanmoins le mécanisme moléculaire contribuant à l’impact sur la migration cellulaire reste inconnu. Au cours de ma thèse j’ai démontré que l’activité protéine phosphatase de PTEN, mais non l’activité lipide phosphatase, a un rôle crucial dans la migration collective. En effet lors de la migration collective des cellules gliales in vitro et des cellules endothéliales in vivo, seule l’inhibition spécifique de l’activité protéine phosphatases augmente leur vitesse de migration. L’altération de l’activité protéine phosphatase impacte l’organisation du cytosquelette d’actine via deux voies de signalisation différentes ciblant la cofiline et VASP. Cette réorganisation affecte à la fois la force protrusive des cellules et la dynamique des contacts intercellulaires; fournissant ainsi une explication mécanistique au phénotype observé pour les cellules de GBM dépourvues de PTEN. L’ensemble de ces résultats définisse l’activité protéine phosphatase de PTEN comme nouvelle cible thérapeutique potentielle contre le développement invasif des tumeurs dénuées de PTENCell migration is crucial during morphogenesis and also in the adult where it participates in tissue renewal, immune response, wound healing as well as in cancer invasion and metastasis. In certain cases, cells move as individuals while some other processes require collective cell migration (Rorth 2012). In order to migrate collectively, cells need to establish and maintain a front-rear polarity axis, redistribute proteins in a polarised fashion and form cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction. Collective cell migration is crucial for many physiological processes, from embryonic development where it is involved in gastrulation and morphogenesis to the adult where it participates in wound healing, tissue renewal and immune responses. Many pathologies have been linked with aberrant collective cell migration, the first of all being cancer spreading (Rorth 2009, Friedl, Sahai et al. 2012, Te Boekhorst, Preziosi et al. 2016). During my PhD, I focused on the PTEN dependent mechanisms controlling collective cell migration. A wide number of genes are altered during oncogenesis including inactivation of tumour suppressors such as p53, p16 and retinoblastoma (Rb) and overexpression of gene encoding epidermal growth factor (EGF) (Tamura, Gu et al. 1999). PTEN is one such tumour suppressor gene which is frequently mutated or deleted in a wide range of human cancers, from glioblastomas to prostate, breast, kidney, lung, testes and thyroid cancers. In particular, PTEN`s function is altered in more than 60% of glioblastomas. It is altered mostly in high-grade invasive glioblastomas but not in low-grade gliomas suggesting an important correlation between PTEN absence and invasive properties of the cancer cells (Rasheed, Stenzel et al. 1997, Dey, Crosswell et al. 2008). In addition, PTEN is known to regulate several cellular functions including cell migration and lots of the mechanisms involved in single cell migration have been extensively studied (Davies, Gibbs et al. 1999, Iijima and Devreotes 2002, Gerisch, Schroth-Diez et al. 2012). Glioblastoma form the most common and lethal primary intracerebral tumours (Davis, Kupelian et al. 2001). Tumour spreading in the brain parenchyma is largely responsible for the resistance of gliomas to cancer treatment and yet no therapeutic treatment has been found to prevent tumour infiltration. The mechanisms by which cells invade the central nervous system have not yet been directly observed and for some aspects they still remain elusive (Davies, Gibbs et al. 1999). Glioblastoma can arise from astrocytes or their precursors and they have an incidence of approximately 5 cases per 100.000 inhabitants (Furnari, Fenton et al. 2007). Astrocytes are the main glial cells of the central nervous system. They participate in the regulation of brain homeostasis and in the formation of the blood-brain barrier (Kimelberg and Nedergaard 2010). Astrocyte migrate in a collective fashion during development (Gnanaguru, Bachay et al. 2013) and in the adult brain, they have been shown to undergo astrogliosis in response to inflammation or trauma. Here they are able to elongate, polarise and eventually migrate toward the site of interest in order to create a glial scar (Sofroniew 2014). For these many reasons, in the lab we use primary rat astrocyte as preferential model to study the mechanism of collective cell migration (Etienne-Manneville 2006) [...]
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Magnusson, Martin. "Deductive Planning and Composite Actions in Temporal Action Logic." Licentiate thesis, Linköping : Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköpings universitet, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9726.
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Becket, Ralph William Allen. "Efficient knowledge and action planning in first order logic." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311302.
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Battersby, Sarah. "A social psychological model of collective action : the role of identification, collective efficacy and ideology." Thesis, University of Kent, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337010.
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Gust, Eric J. "The Arab citizens of Israel motivations for collective action." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/08Mar%5FGust.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Middle East, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2008.Thesis Advisor(s): Baylouny, Anne M. "March 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on May 2, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-66). Also available in print.
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Capdepuy, P. "Informational principles of perception-action loops and collective behaviours." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/5199.
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Living beings, robotic and software artefacts can all be seen as agents acting and perceiving within an environment. When observed under that perspective, a new concept is accessible: information in the sense of Shannon. It has long been known that information and control are interrelated concepts. However it is only recently that this perspective has been better understood and used in order to study cognition. In this thesis, we build upon such an information-theoretic perspective and add some biologically motivated assumptions. They introduce various constraints on the capture, the processing, or the storage of information by an agent. Using such constraints it is possible to understand some limits on the control abilities of agents, and to derive algorithms that optimize these abilities. More specifically this thesis uses the recently introduced concept of empowerment, i.e. the ability to act upon the environment and perceive back the changes through the sensors. Maximizing this quantity leads to a wide range of cognitively interesting properties. This work studies some of these properties. One of them, the ability to capture information that is relevant for the perception-action loop of the agent, is deeply investigated and algorithms for exploiting this ability are presented. The second part of the thesis deals with the use of the information-theoretic framework when multiple agents are interacting with each other. Empowerment maximization in this context leads to two phenomena: the generation of complex structures, and the emergence of synchronised and potentially cooperative interactions. In this thesis, the first phenomenon is empirically investigated through various spatial scenarios in order to understand the kind of structures that are generated and under which conditions they appear. Connections are made between the second phenomenon and the concept of the multiple-access channel. Using recent developments of this information-theoretic model, it is possible to precisely study the kind of interactions that can occur, and the situations that lead to synchronised or cooperative behaviour. The general aim of this work is to give a comprehensive picture of the information-theoretic framework for studying the perception-action loop, bringing both single and multi-agents aspects together. The concepts presented in this thesis allows one to study some fundamental aspects of cognition, to engineer self-motivated robotic systems, or to drive self-organization in multi-agents systems.
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Seitz, Georg. "Umschuldungsklauseln (Collective Action Clauses) in Staatsanleihen des europäischen Währungsraumes." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-176313.
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Umschuldungsklauseln in Staatsanleihen führten in Europa bis zur Euro-Krise ein Schattendasein. In Deutschland waren sie weithin unbekannt. Der ESM-Vertrag hat dies geändert und diese Klauseln als zentrales Instrument zur rechtssicheren Umsetzung zukünftiger Restrukturierungen in den Fokus gerückt. Seit Jahresbeginn 2013 sind die „europäischen Umschuldungsklauseln“ in der Emissionspraxis der Euro-Staaten angekommen und fester Bestandteil der Anleihebedingungen.
Georg Seitz untersucht Umschuldungsklauseln in der Euro-Zone sowohl auf konzeptioneller Ebene als Lösungsstrategie für die Problematik der Staateninsolvenz als auch kautelarjuristisch hinsichtlich der konkreten Ausgestaltung der Klauseln und berücksichtigt dabei alle berührten Rechtsgebiete. Der Autor arbeitet Genese, Funktionsweise und Zusammenspiel der europäischen Umschuldungsklauseln mit den übrigen Instrumenten des ESM heraus und systematisiert die europäischen Musterklauseln sowie deren Umsetzung in Deutschland. Dabei kritisiert er den auf europäischer Ebene gewählten informellen und dezentralen Ansatz und belegt dessen Schwächen anhand von Umsetzungsdefiziten bei den deutschen Klauseln. Als bisher unterschätzten Problemkreis identifiziert er den Rechtsschutz der überstimmten Gläubiger. Aufbauend auf die Ergebnisse seiner Analyse schlägt der Autor eine Verankerung der Umschuldungsklauseln im Recht der Europäischen Union in Form einer Verordnung vor und stellt dar, auf welche Weise ein solcher Ansatz gelingen kann.
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Kelsall, Timothy Stephen Lloyd. "Subjectivity, collective action, and the governance agenda in Tanzania." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325630.
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Purseigle, François. "Les sillons de l'engagement : jeunes agriculteurs et action collective /." Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : l'Harmattan, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39245748x.
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Texte remanié de: Th. doct.--Sociol. rurale--Toulouse--Ec. natl. sup. agronomique, 2003. Titre de soutenance : L'engagement des jeunes agriculteurs dans les organisations professionnelles agricoles : contribution à l'étude des processus d'entrée dans l'action collective.Bibliogr. p. 245-256.
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Froemming, Steven John. "Rational choice and collective action in an Andean community /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6525.
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Meade, Rosemary Raphael. "Analysing collective action : intersections of power, government and resistance." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2018. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/2980/.
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This research takes the form of ten journal articles and book chapters that were published between June 2008 and February 2018. This body of work encompasses outputs that are focused on community development, community arts, youth work and social movement praxis. These fields of praxis are understood as constituting a vital part of a variegated and differentiated Irish civil society and, while acknowledging their specificities, the body of work situates them together within the contested terrain of collective action. The Covering Document elucidates how, across the ten outputs, collective action is theorised: as the site of and target for complex and dynamic power relationships; as imbricated with various governmental projects through which multiple societal actors seek to mobilise citizens; as a potential site of and resource for resistance to particular expressions of government, ideology and power; and as developing alternative social relationships, organisational forms and modes of communication. The boundaries between the state and civil society are imprecise and fluid: civil society and state actors seek to induce desired forms of conduct and relationships from each other. This research exposes and critically interrogates associated power dynamics, overlaps, and contestations, and how they in turn shape expectations of collective action. Drawing together findings from youth work, community development, social movement, and community arts praxis, the research illuminates; how and by whom collective action is rationalised and (de)legitimised; the changing role of the state in governing civil society; and the potential for collective action to prefigure alternative forms of relationships and to resist particular forms of government. Therefore, the body of work analyses how the meanings, forms and purposes of collective action are constantly reworked, just as they give expression to important societal struggles. The Covering Document details the theory, methodology and methods that have underpinned the research. It offers an integrated thematic overview of the ten research outputs, highlighting their coherence, originality, and relevance for a critical analysis of the dynamics of collective action in contemporary Ireland. The research analyses the discourses of collective action as they have been expressed in key policy documents, in newspapers such as the Irish Independent and in the documents of protest of social movement organisations. It highlights and interrogates the political, economic and cultural context for collective action in 21st Century Ireland, paying particular attention to the ways though which the recent regime of austerity has impacted on civil society, the state and on relations between these spheres. The research is critical in orientation, but it draws upon and articulates diverse critical traditions as it analyses the power dynamics associated with collective action. Gramscian style, cultural materialist and Foucauldian governmentality perspectives are variously adopted and adapted within specific outputs. The Covering Document also outlines how and why the body of work troubles the boundaries between community development, community arts, youth work and social movement research and praxis. It calls for an articulated and dialogical theory and practice that challenge the assumed estrangement of these fields. As the Covering Document outlines, the research records how state policy now seeks to govern youth work, community development and community arts organisations through an increasingly intrusive and prescriptive set of policy ordinances, self-reporting techniques, and accountability measures. Against that, it also points to the potential for collective action to re-politicise issues otherwise framed as non-political by policy-makers and media, to build and be based upon reflexive forms of solidarity, and to reclaim the arts and tactics of protest.