Journal articles: 'Logic of the work'

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Dahlmann, Frederik, and Johanne Grosvold. "Environmental Managers and Institutional Work: Reconciling Tensions of Competing Institutional Logics." Business Ethics Quarterly 27, no. 2 (February 27, 2017): 263–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/beq.2016.65.

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ABSTRACT:Firms face a variety of institutional logics and one important question is how individuals within firms manage these logics. Environmental managers in particular face tensions in reconciling their firms’ commercial fortunes with demands for greater environmental responsiveness. We explore how institutional work enables environmental managers to respond to competing institutional logics. Drawing on repeated interviews with 55 firms, we find that environmental managers face competition between a market-based logic and an emerging environmental logic. We show that some environmental managers embed the environmental logic alongside the market logic through variations of creation and disruption, thus over time creating institutional change, which can result in blended logics. Others, however, pursue a strategy of status quo or disengagement through maintenance or other forms of disruption, where the two logics coexist in principle but not in practice; instead the market logic retains its dominance. We discuss the implications of our findings for research.

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ten Dam, Eline M., and Maikel Waardenburg. "Logic fluidity: How frontline professionals use institutional logics in their day-to-day work." Journal of Professions and Organization 7, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 188–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpo/joaa012.

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Abstract This article aims to gain a better understanding on micro processes of how frontline professionals use institutional logics in their day-to-day work. It contributes to the growing literature on the dynamics between institutions and the professional frontline. To further develop this field of study, a conceptual framework is presented that integrates institutional logics, vocabularies of practice, and narratives as central concepts. By adopting a composite narrative approach and identifying vocabularies of practice, the article interprets how frontline professionals make use of different logics to make sense of a new principle introduced in their professional field. Findings are based on a case study of professional patient collaboration in healthcare. The article composes five narratives that act as vehicles through which healthcare professionals use five logics: a medical professional logic, managerial logic, commercial logic, consultation logic, and patient-centeredness logic. It argues that frontline professionals use vocabularies of practice to assemble narratives that help them to navigate between a plurality of logics. It further shows that professionals move fluently from one narrative to another, critiquing the ideas of adherence to a dominant logic and conflict solving. The article finalizes with a discussion that advocates for a process studies perspective and a stronger focus on micro processes in research on professional performance in the context of institutional plurality.

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Kaluža, Jernej. "The pleasure of work and the work of pleasure: Interview with Giulia Palladini." Maska 34, no. 198 (December 1, 2019): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/maska.34.198-199.125_7.

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Abstract Jernej Kaluža interviewed the researcher and critical theoretician Giullia Palladini, author of The Scene of Foreplay, 2017. They talk about the difference between theory and practice; the pleasure of (art)work; self-exploitation, the exemplarity of a specific type of work in the arts; a type of work capable of escaping the logic of climax; quality and value; competition logics and its surpassing; and other topics.

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Keyes, Robert W. "Making light work of logic." Nature 340, no. 6228 (July 1989): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/340019a0.

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Jago, M. "Recent Work in Relevant Logic." Analysis 73, no. 3 (July 1, 2013): 526–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/analys/ant043.

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Riley, Dylan. "The Historical Logic of Logics of History." Social Science History 32, no. 4 (2008): 555–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014555320001083x.

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How does the logic of language combine with the logic of labor to explain historical change? This article suggests that William H. Sewell Jr.'s work can be divided into three periods, each characterized by a different answer to this question. In the work of the early cultural turn, labor and language codetermine historical change; in that of the high cultural turn, the logic of language becomes dominant; and in that of the postcultural turn, labor returns to a more central position. The article argues that these shifts result from tensions in Sewell's account of historical change and suggests a comparison with Jürgen Habermas's account of work and interaction.

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FAN, JIE, YANJING WANG, and HANS VAN DITMARSCH. "CONTINGENCY AND KNOWING WHETHER." Review of Symbolic Logic 8, no. 1 (January 9, 2015): 75–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755020314000343.

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AbstractA proposition is noncontingent, if it is necessarily true or it is necessarily false. In an epistemic context, ‘a proposition is noncontingent’ means that you know whether the proposition is true. In this paper, we study contingency logic with the noncontingency operator Δ but without the necessity operator □. This logic is not a normal modal logic, because Δ(φ → ψ) → (Δφ → Δψ) is not valid. Contingency logic cannot define many usual frame properties, and its expressive power is weaker than that of basic modal logic over classes of models without reflexivity. These features make axiomatizing contingency logics nontrivial, especially for the axiomatization over symmetric frames. In this paper, we axiomatize contingency logics over various frame classes using a novel method other than the methods provided in the literature, based on the ‘almost-definability’ schema AD proposed in our previous work. We also present extensions of contingency logic with dynamic operators. Finally, we compare our work to the related work in the fields of contingency logic and ignorance logic, where the two research communities have similar results but are apparently unaware of each other’s work. One goal of our paper is to bridge this gap.

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Beklemishev, Lev, and Tommaso Flaminio. "Franco Montagna’s Work on Provability Logic and Many-valued Logic." Studia Logica 104, no. 1 (January 25, 2016): 1–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11225-016-9654-3.

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Berni, Alessia, Mariavittoria Cicellin, Stefano Consiglio, and Luigi Moschera. "Evolution of Institutional Logics: The Emergence of the Temporary Work Agencies Field in Italy." International Journal of Business and Management 12, no. 8 (July 18, 2017): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v12n8p131.

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This article shows the process of creation and evolution of an organizational field. By an in-depth longitudinal analysis, we investigate the field of Temporary Work Agencies in Italy (TWAs). The article focuses on how a field evolves over time. We delineate three phases of evolution - incubation, emergence and development - and we analyse events and the role of actors that have characterized them. Further, we identify the institutional logics that have strongly influenced the strategic and organizational behaviour of the actors involved in the Italian field of TWAs and their interactions. Therefore, to respond to this institutional complexity the actors have tried to influence with both individual and collective actions the logics themselves. The analysis shows that two competing logics have coexisted within the TWA field: the regulation logic, inspired by the social status and welfare, and the de-regulation logic, connected to the liberal and free-market model. Through the longitudinal analysis repeated in four different field studies, we have reconstructed the process of evolution of the field, describing the links between the different phases. Our research contributes to the institutional logic perspective fitting into the discussion on the coexistence of competing logics in an organizational field.

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Raftery, James G. "Willem Blok's Work in Algebraic Logic." Studia Logica 76, no. 2 (March 2004): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:stud.0000032083.45504.62.

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Malmstrom, Malin. "Cognitive micro-foundations at work: how organizations resist change in work practice." Baltic Journal of Management 11, no. 4 (October 3, 2016): 473–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bjm-01-2016-0002.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the essence that is, the nature of organizational responses to efficiently resist enforced change in institutionalized work practice destined to address poor organizational performance. The micro-foundations of the cognitive logic that are activated when organizations face change are hereby conceptualized. Design/methodology/approach Using a case study design, the study focusses on narratives of a failure to implement a regulatory enforced change in work practice at a military academy established in the 1600s. The interviews are complemented by secondary data. Findings The analysis reveals a cognitive framework by which the members of the organization shaped their responses. By building on micro-foundations for mobilizing resistance (i.e. the essential substance at a micro level), this study shows how the cognitive logic is activated to respond to change. To show how the cognitive logic is used to mitigate and compensate for incongruences with the regulatory logic, this study outlines a set of strategic resistance maneuvers and cognitive resistance forces that restrict regulatory influence on change in work practice. This study thus provides insights into maneuvers and resistance forces that members may activate to resist change efficiently. Originality/value To the author’s knowledge, this is the first study to attempt to conceptualize the essence of the cognitive logic activated to resist organizational change.

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Hjärpe, Teres. "Social Work on the Whiteboard: Governing by Comparing Performance." Social Inclusion 7, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v7i1.1829.

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This article explores a number-based comparative logic unfolding around a particular kind of meeting in a social work setting: a daily and short gathering referred to as a “pulse meeting”. At such meetings, staff gather around a whiteboard visualizing individual statistics in terms of the number of client meetings performed or assistance decisions made. The statistics function as a basis for further division of work tasks. As such, it is a particular way of representing what social workers do at work. Ethnographic fieldwork conducted in the social services revealed how such openly exposed individual performance and the related number-based comparative logic can trump alternative logics ranging from the overall collective performance, competing views on clients’ needs and efficiency, and the social worker’s sense of professionalism. When participants of the study compared themselves to each other and in relation to standards and goals, certain conclusions were drawn about what should be done by whom and in what order. Such conclusions became embedded in an objectivity status difficult for anyone to argue against. Finally, the number-based logic also found its way into the counter-practices formulated by social workers unsatisfied with what was visualized on the whiteboard.

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Avron, Arnon. "Natural 3-valued logics—characterization and proof theory." Journal of Symbolic Logic 56, no. 1 (March 1991): 276–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2274919.

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Many-valued logics in general and 3-valued logic in particular is an old subject which had its beginning in the work of Łukasiewicz [Łuk]. Recently there is a revived interest in this topic, both for its own sake (see, for example, [Ho]), and also because of its potential applications in several areas of computer science, such as proving correctness of programs [Jo], knowledge bases [CP] and artificial intelligence [Tu]. There are, however, a huge number of 3-valued systems which logicians have studied throughout the years. The motivation behind them and their properties are not always clear, and their proof theory is frequently not well developed. This state of affairs makes both the use of 3-valued logics and doing fruitful research on them rather difficult.Our first goal in this work is, accordingly, to identify and characterize a class of 3-valued logics which might be called natural. For this we use the general framework for characterizing and investigating logics which we have developed in [Av1]. Not many 3-valued logics appear as natural within this framework, but it turns out that those that do include some of the best known ones. These include the 3-valued logics of Łukasiewicz, Kleene and Sobociński, the logic LPF used in the VDM project, the logic RM3 from the relevance family and the paraconsistent 3-valued logic of [dCA]. Our presentation provides justifications for the introduction of certain connectives in these logics which are often regarded as ad hoc. It also shows that they are all closely related to each other. It is shown, for example, that Łukasiewicz 3-valued logic and RM3 (the strongest logic in the family of relevance logics) are in a strong sense dual to each other, and that both are derivable by the same general construction from, respectively, Kleene 3-valued logic and the 3-valued paraconsistent logic.

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Stormer, Flora. "The Logic of Contingent Work and Overwork." Articles 63, no. 2 (August 6, 2008): 343–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/018579ar.

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Abstract In this article, I draw on institutional theory to propose that a macro-societal market logic is shaping our understanding of the workplace trends of contingent work and overwork. This logic, in combination with specific societal changes, affects how workers experience such trends. Yet paradoxically, the market logic can be used to both support and oppose the trends, resulting in a conceptual stalemate. Research implications are discussed.

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Friman, Mathias. "Understanding Boundary Work through Discourse Theory." Science & Technology Studies 23, no. 2 (January 1, 2010): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.23987/sts.55250.

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Interdisciplinarity is usually described as different from disciplinarity: a discipline is said to generate distinct boundaries, separating it from the undisciplined, while interdisciplinarity connotes the crossing of such boundaries. Less attention is paid to how boundary crossing itself creates new boundaries. This article asks how boundary work can be understood in theory and what this understanding means to academic debate on interdisciplinarity. From this perspective, there is reason to talk of interdisciplines conducting boundary work distinguishable by the fundamental logic guiding boundary creation. In this new approach, disciplinary logic distinguishes itself by promoting the monopolization of knowledge, whereas interdisciplinary logic fundamentally promotes plurality. As opposed to much use of the term “interdisciplinarity”, this version would be conceptually meaningful in relation to “disciplinarity”. Though boundary work following an anti-boundary logic might seem contradictory, this is not necessarily so: what is guarded in an interdiscipline could well be the possibility of permeability.

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LANDO, TAMAR. "LOGICS ABOVE S4 AND THE LEBESGUE MEASURE ALGEBRA." Review of Symbolic Logic 10, no. 1 (October 28, 2016): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755020316000228.

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AbstractWe study the measure semantics for propositional modal logics, in which formulas are interpreted in the Lebesgue measure algebra${\cal M}$, or algebra of Borel subsets of the real interval [0,1] modulo sets of measure zero. It was shown in Lando (2012) and Fernández-Duque (2010) that the propositional modal logic S4 is complete for the Lebesgue measure algebra. The main result of the present paper is that every logic L aboveS4 is complete for some subalgebra of ${\cal M}$. Indeed, there is a single model over a subalgebra of ${\cal M}$ in which all nontheorems of L are refuted. This work builds on recent work by Bezhanishvili, Gabelaia, & Lucero-Bryan (2015) on the topological semantics for logics above S4. In Bezhanishvili et al., (2015), it is shown that there are logics above that are not the logic of any subalgebra of the interior algebra over the real line, ${\cal B}$(ℝ), but that every logic above is the logic of some subalgebra of the interior algebra over the rationals, ${\cal B}$(ℚ), and the interior algebra over Cantor space, ${\cal B}\left( {\cal C} \right)$.

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Costantini, Stefania, Alessio Paolucci, Arianna Tocchio, and Panagiota Tsintza. "DALI, RASP, mnemosine: Computational Logic at work." Intelligenza Artificiale 5, no. 1 (2011): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ia-2011-0012.

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Duer, Stanisław. "Inference diagnostic state of the technical object in logic k-valuable." Bulletin of the Military University of Technology 66, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.9488.

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The article presents the problem of describing the theoretical basis for inference (decision-making) in the multi-valued logic. A significant part of the article concerns the descrip-tion of the basis for the development of the logic k-value, where k = 2, 3, 4. In the work, as a basis for the development of multivalent logics, the interval suitability for two-valued logic has been taken. The third chapter is an example of diagnosing the technical object in the logic of 4-valuable. Keywords: technical diagnostics, diagnostic reasoning, multivalent logic, artificial intelligence

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Pernicka, Susanne, and Astrid Reichel. "An institutional logics approach to the heterogeneous world of highly skilled work." Employee Relations 36, no. 3 (April 1, 2014): 235–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-02-2013-0023.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship of highly skilled work and (collective) power. It develops an institutional logics perspective and argues that highly skilled workers’ propensity to join trade unions varies by institutional order. Design/methodology/approach – Data from two occupational fields in Austria, university professors and management consultants, representing two different institutional orders were collected via questionnaires. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was employed to test the hypotheses. Findings – The results show that over and above organisational level variables, individual's background and employee power variables institutional logics significantly add to explaining trade union membership of highly skilled workers. Prevalence of a professional logic in a field makes collective action more likely than market logic. Originality/value – Highly skilled workers are overall described as identifying themselves more with the goals of their employer or client and with their professional peers than with other corporate employees or organised labour. They are thus expected to develop consent rather than conflict orientation vis-á-vis their employers and clients. This paper supports a differentiated view and shows that within highly skilled work there are groups engaging in collective action. By developing an institutional logics perspective it provides a useful approach to explain heterogeneity within the world of highly skilled work.

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Bliss, Ricki. "What Work the Fundamental?" Erkenntnis 84, no. 2 (December 18, 2017): 359–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10670-017-9962-7.

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Heinzelmann, Rafael. "Accounting logics as a challenge for ERP system implementation: a field study of SAP." Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change 13, no. 2 (June 5, 2017): 162–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaoc-10-2015-0085.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the accounting logic inscribed in the SAP enterprise resource planning (ERP) system and how this accounting logic becomes effective in organizations. The authors draw on the notion of accounting logics by mobilizing the institutional logics literature (Thornton et al., 2012). Accordingly, accounting logics are conceptualized as crucial underlying design principles consisting of a system of beliefs, assumptions and ideas how accounting systems should be designed. Design/methodology/approach The authors adopt a qualitative case study approach conducted in a manufacturing company, hereafter called Wood Plc. The primary data source is qualitative research interviews. Secondary data, such as internal documents, were collected to increase validity and reliability through data triangulation (Ahrens and Chapman, 2006; Scapens, 2004). Findings The paper demonstrates how a particular accounting logic – the Germanic accounting logic – gets diffused throughout the organization by the means of the SAP ERP system, and creates challenges for management accounting practices in local entities. The contribution of the paper is to show that ERP systems can foster the diffusion of a specific accounting logic, which is inherently linked to the SAP system, and which enables a specific version of accounting to work in an organization. Research limitations/implications This paper could be viewed as an extreme case of a German organization using the SAP ERP system with its Germanic accounting logic inscribed to make a German accounting logic work in the entire organization. Consequently, further research could unpack the relationship between accounting logics, ERP systems, accounting systems and their use by studying not only different empirical settings with respect to the organizational context but also the ERP software used by organizations. Practical implications This paper aims to raise the awareness of practitioners of the conceptual underpinnings inscribed in the SAP accounting modules while at the same time pinpointing the potential challenges of implementation generated by the accounting logics. Originality/value The paper complements existing studies on accounting and ERP systems by bringing the accounting logic inscribed in the SAP ERP system to the fore. More precisely, this paper shows that in the wake of SAP ERP implementation, the organization studied spread its assumptions and beliefs on accounting, which are manifested in the Germanic accounting logic inscribed in the SAP ERP system, in the organization. This invoked particular challenges in non-Germanic subsidiaries in making accounting work.

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Nerode, Anil, and Melvin Fitting. "The life and work of Sergei Artemov." Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 165, no. 1 (January 2014): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apal.2013.07.002.

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Hájek, Petr, and Dagmar Harmancová. "The Prague seminar of applied mathematical logic and its work on fuzzy logic." Fuzzy Sets and Systems 82, no. 1 (August 1996): 128–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-0114(96)87707-4.

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MAHER, MICHAEL J., ANDREW ROCK, GRIGORIS ANTONIOU, DAVID BILLINGTON, and TRISTAN MILLER. "EFFICIENT DEFEASIBLE REASONING SYSTEMS." International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 10, no. 04 (December 2001): 483–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213001000623.

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For many years, the non-montonic reasoning community has focussed on highly expressive logics. Such logics have turned out to be computationally expensive, and have given little support to the practical use of non-monotonic reasoning. In this work we discuss defeasible logic, a less-expressive but more efficient non-monotonic logic. We report on two new implemented systems for defeasible logic: a query answering system employing a backward-chaining approach, and a forward-chaining implementation that computes all conclusions. Our experimental evaluation demonstrates that the systems can deal with large theories (up to hundreds of thousands of rules). We show that defeasible logic has linear complexity, which contrasts markedly with most other non-monotonic logics and helps to explain the impressive experimental results. We believe that defeasible logic, with its efficiency and simplicity, is a good candidate to be used as a modeling language for practical applications, including modelling of regulations and business rules.

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CHATWANI, NEHA, and GAZI ISLAM. "Humanitarian identifications: heterogeneous responses to institutional complexity at Médecins Sans Frontières." Cadernos EBAPE.BR 18, spe (November 2020): 648–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1679-395120200188x.

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Abstract Studies of institutional complexity have explored how multiple logics influence organizational practices. This article illustrates how a single logic is maintained through its heterogeneous enactments and practices, via strong identification, in this case, with the logic of humanitarianism. Using the case of Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), we develop a theory around identity work and the heterogeneous enactment of institutional logic. We illustrate, via three historical examples, how MSF engaged in radically different practices across time and space, while adhering to a continuous yet polymorphous humanitarian logic. We explain this apparent paradox by referring to the internal contradictions within humanitarian logics, contradictions that do not lead to chaos because of the persistent cohesion effects of identity. We discuss implications for understanding organizational identity and institutional diversity.

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Fitting, Melvin, and Felipe Salvatore. "First-order justification logic with constant domain semantics." Journal of Logic and Computation 30, no. 1 (January 2020): 193–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/logcom/exaa008.

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Abstract Justification logic is a term used to identify a relatively new family of modal-like logics. There is an established literature about propositional justification logic, but incursions on the first-order case are scarce. In this paper we present a constant domain semantics for the first-order logic of proofs with the Barcan Formula (FOLPb); then we prove Soundness and Completeness Theorems. A monotonic semantics for a version of this logic without the Barcan Formula is already in the literature, but constant domains require substantial new machinery, which may prove useful in other contexts as well. Although we work mainly with one system, we also indicate how to generalize these results for the quantified version of JT45, the justification counterpart of the modal logic S5. We believe our methods are more generally applicable, but initially examining specific cases should make the work easier to follow.

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Girard, Jean-Yves. "A new constructive logic: classic logic." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 1, no. 3 (November 1991): 255–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129500001328.

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There are two ways to present this work; the most efficient is of course to start with the main syntactical definitions, and to end with semantics: this is the presentation that we follow in the body of the text: section 1, syntex; section 2, semantics. Another possibility is to follow the order of discovery of the concepts, which (as expected) starts with the semantics and ends with the syntex; we adopt this second way for our introduction, hoping that this orthogonal look at the same object will help to apprehend the concepts.

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Despeyroux, Joëlle, and Robert Harper. "Special issue on Logical Frameworks and Metalanguages http//www-sop.inria.fr/certilab/LFM00/cfp-jfp.html." Journal of Functional Programming 10, no. 1 (January 2000): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796899009892.

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Logical frameworks and meta-languages are intended as a common substrate for representing and implementing a wide variety of logics and formal systems. Their definition and implementation have been the focus of considerable work over the last decade. At the heart of this work is a quest for generality: A logical framework provides a basis for capturing uniformities across deductive systems and support for implementing particular systems. Similarly a meta-language supports reasoning about and using languages.Logical frameworks have been based on a variety of different languages including higher-order logics, type theories with dependent types, linear logic, and modal logic. Techniques of representation of logics include higher-order abstract syntax, inductive definitions or some form of equational or rewriting logic in which substitution is explicitly encoded.Examples of systems that implement logical frameworks include Alf, Coq, NuPrl, HOL, Isabelle, Maude, lambda-Prolog and Twelf. An active area of research in such systems is the study of automated reasoning techniques. Current work includes the development of various automated procedures as well as the investigation of rewriting tools that use reflection or make use of links with systems that already have sophisticated rewriting systems. Program extraction and optimization are additional topics of ongoing work.

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ARECES, CARLOS, DIEGO FIGUEIRA, SANTIAGO FIGUEIRA, and SERGIO MERA. "THE EXPRESSIVE POWER OF MEMORY LOGICS." Review of Symbolic Logic 4, no. 2 (June 2011): 290–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755020310000389.

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We investigate the expressive power of memory logics. These are modal logics extended with the possibility to store (or remove) the current node of evaluation in (or from) a memory, and to perform membership tests on the current memory. From this perspective, the hybrid logic ℋℒ (↓), for example, can be thought of as a particular case of a memory logic where the memory is an indexed list of elements of the domain.This work focuses in the case where the memory is a set, and we can test whether the current node belongs to the set or not. We prove that, in terms of expressive power, the memory logics we discuss here lie between the basic modal logic ${\cal K}$ and ℋℒ (↓). We show that the satisfiability problem of most of the logics we cover is undecidable. The only logic with a decidable satisfiability problem is obtained by imposing strong constraints on which elements can be memorized.

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DIACONESCU, RĂZVAN, and ALEXANDRE MADEIRA. "Encoding hybridized institutions into first-order logic." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 26, no. 5 (November 12, 2014): 745–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129514000383.

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A ‘hybridization’ of a logic, referred to as the base logic, consists of developing the characteristic features of hybrid logic on top of the respective base logic, both at the level of syntax (i.e. modalities, nominals, etc.) and of the semantics (i.e. possible worlds). By ‘hybridized institutions’ we mean the result of this process when logics are treated abstractly as institutions (in the sense of the institution theory of Goguen and Burstall). This work develops encodings of hybridized institutions into (many-sorted) first-order logic (abbreviated $\mathcal{FOL}$) as a ‘hybridization’ process of abstract encodings of institutions into $\mathcal{FOL}$, which may be seen as an abstraction of the well-known standard translation of modal logic into $\mathcal{FOL}$. The concept of encoding employed by our work is that of comorphism from institution theory, which is a rather comprehensive concept of encoding as it features encodings both of the syntax and of the semantics of logics/institutions. Moreover, we consider the so-called theoroidal version of comorphisms that encode signatures to theories, a feature that accommodates a wide range of concrete applications. Our theory is also general enough to accommodate various constraints on the possible worlds semantics as well a wide variety of quantifications. We also provide pragmatic sufficient conditions for the conservativity of the encodings to be preserved through the hybridization process, which provides the possibility to shift a formal verification process from the hybridized institution to $\mathcal{FOL}$.

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Suppes, Patrick. "Philosophical Implications of Tarski's Work." Journal of Symbolic Logic 53, no. 1 (March 1988): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2274428.

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Lehn-Christiansen, Sine, and Mari Holen. "Logics of care in clinical education." Journal of Organizational Ethnography 8, no. 3 (October 14, 2019): 268–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joe-04-2018-0021.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how clinical nurse education and nursing students’ care practices are shaped by different logics of care. Design/methodology/approach Inspired by Mol’s work on care, the paper explores care practices connected to the clinical education of nurses. The empirical data were generated from longitudinal, multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork among nursing students in clinical practice combined with follow-up interviews with the students and their supervisors. Findings The paper illustrates how three logics of care shape clinical education: the logic of relational care, the logic of care education and the logic of care production. The paper demonstrates how the logics unfold and entangle in everyday clinical education. On the one hand, care of patients based on the relationship between patient and nurse is highly valued. On the other hand, this logic is not institutionalized in the same way as practices induced by the logic of care production and the logic of care education. Originality/value The paper may be of value to scholars and practitioners in clinical education, as well as to health educational policy makers. The findings focus on paradoxes produced by conflicting logics in practice, thus offering new reflections and alternative sensemaking of well-known problems connected to clinical education.

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Kontopoulos, Efstratios, Nick Bassiliades, Guido Governatori, and Grigoris Antoniou. "A Modal Defeasible Reasoner of Deontic Logic for the Semantic Web." International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems 7, no. 1 (January 2011): 18–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jswis.2011010102.

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Defeasible logic is a non-monotonic formalism that deals with incomplete and conflicting information, whereas modal logic deals with the concepts of necessity and possibility. These types of logics play a significant role in the emerging Semantic Web, which enriches the available Web information with meaning, leading to better cooperation between end-users and applications. Defeasible and modal logics, in general, and, particularly, deontic logic provide means for modeling agent communities, where each agent is characterized by its cognitive profile and normative system, as well as policies, which define privacy requirements, access permissions, and individual rights. Toward this direction, this article discusses the extension of DR-DEVICE, a Semantic Web-aware defeasible reasoner, with a mechanism for expressing modal logic operators, while testing the implementation via deontic logic operators, concerned with obligations, permissions, and related concepts. The motivation behind this work is to develop a practical defeasible reasoner for the Semantic Web that takes advantage of the expressive power offered by modal logics, accompanied by the flexibility to define diverse agent behaviours. A further incentive is to study the various motivational notions of deontic logic and discuss the cognitive state of agents, as well as the interactions among them.

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Dakin, Robert, and Helen Pain-Lewins. "Non-fiction books and primary school logic work." Education 3-13 17, no. 1 (March 1989): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03004278885200491.

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Andréasson, Joakim, and Uwe Pischel. "Smart molecules at work—mimicking advanced logic operations." Chem. Soc. Rev. 39, no. 1 (2010): 174–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b820280j.

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Kelan, Elisabeth K. "Gender Logic and (Un)doing Gender at Work." Gender, Work & Organization 17, no. 2 (March 2010): 174–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0432.2009.00459.x.

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Kontinen, Juha. "Dependence Logic: A survey of some recent work." Philosophy Compass 8, no. 10 (October 2013): 950–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/phc3.12072.

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Wellbery, David E. "On the Logic of Change in Goethe’s Work." Goethe Yearbook 21, no. 1 (2014): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/gyr.2014.0034.

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LIANG, CHUCK. "On the unification of classical, intuitionistic and affine logics." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 29, no. 8 (October 12, 2018): 1177–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129518000403.

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This article presents a unified logic that combines classical logic, intuitionistic logic and affine linear logic (restricting contraction but not weakening). We show that this unification can be achieved semantically, syntactically and in the computational interpretation of proofs. It extends our previous work in combining classical and intuitionistic logics. Compared to linear logic, classical fragments of proofs are better isolated from non-classical fragments. We define a phase semantics for this logic that naturally extends the Kripke semantics of intuitionistic logic. We present a sequent calculus with novel structural rules, which entail a more elaborate procedure for cut elimination. Computationally, this system allows affine-linear interpretations of proofs to be combined with classical interpretations, such as the λμ calculus. We show how cut elimination must respect the boundaries between classical and non-classical modes of proof that correspond to delimited control effects.

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BOGAERTS, BART, and GUY VAN DEN BROECK. "Knowledge compilation of logic programs using approximation fixpoint theory." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 15, no. 4-5 (July 2015): 464–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068415000162.

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AbstractRecent advances in knowledge compilation introduced techniques to compilepositivelogic programs into propositional logic, essentially exploiting the constructive nature of the least fixpoint computation. This approach has several advantages over existing approaches: it maintains logical equivalence, does not require (expensive) loop-breaking preprocessing or the introduction of auxiliary variables, and significantly outperforms existing algorithms. Unfortunately, this technique is limited tonegation-freeprograms. In this paper, we show how to extend it to general logic programs under the well-founded semantics.We develop our work in approximation fixpoint theory, an algebraical framework that unifies semantics of different logics. As such, our algebraical results are also applicable to autoepistemic logic, default logic and abstract dialectical frameworks.

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Kallio, Kirsi-Mari, Tomi J. Kallio, Giuseppe Grossi, and Janne Engblom. "Institutional logic and scholars' reactions to performance measurement in universities." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 34, no. 9 (April 13, 2021): 104–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-03-2018-3400.

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PurposeEmploying institutional logic and institutional work as its theoretical framework, this study analyzes scholars' reactions to performance measurement systems in academia.Design/methodology/approachLarge datasets were collected over time, combining both quantitative and qualitative elements. The data were gathered from a two-wave survey in 2010 (966 respondents) and 2015 (672 respondents), conducted among scholars performing teaching- and research-oriented tasks in three Finnish universities.FindingsThe analysis showed statistically significant changes over time in the ways that the respondents were positioned in three major groups influenced by different institutional logics. This study contributes to the international debate on institutional change in universities by showing that in Finnish universities, emerging business logics and existing professional logics can co-exist and be blended among a growing group of academics. The analysis of qualitative open-ended answers suggests that performance measurement systems have led to changes in institutional logic, which have influenced the scholars participating in institutional work at the microlevel in academia.Social implicationsWhile most scholars remain critical of performance measurement systems in universities, the fact that many academics are adapting to performance measurement systems highlights significant changes that are generally occurring in academia.Originality/valueWhile most extant studies have focused on field- and organizational-level analyses, this study focuses on understanding how the adoption of performance measurement systems affects institutional logic and institutional work at the microlevel. Moreover, the study's cross-sectional research setting increases society's understanding of institutional evolution in academia.

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Levy, Azriel. "Alfred Tarski's Work in Set Theory." Journal of Symbolic Logic 53, no. 1 (March 1988): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2274423.

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Blok, W. J., and Don Pigozzi. "Alfred Tarski's Work on General Metamathematics." Journal of Symbolic Logic 53, no. 1 (March 1988): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2274426.

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Heubo-Kwegna, Olivier A. "Fuzzy Logic versus Classical Logic: An Example in Multiplicative Ideal Theory." Advances in Fuzzy Systems 2016 (2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3839265.

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We discuss a fuzzy result by displaying an example that shows how a classical argument fails to work when one passes from classical logic to fuzzy logic. Precisely, we present an example to show that, in the fuzzy context, the fact that the supremum is naturally used in lieu of the union can alter an argument that may work in the classical context.

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Kisby, Caleb, Saul Blanco, Alex Kruckman, and Lawrence Moss. "Logics for Sizes with Union or Intersection." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 03 (April 3, 2020): 2870–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i03.5677.

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This paper presents the most basic logics for reasoning about the sizes of sets that admit either the union of terms or the intersection of terms. That is, our logics handle assertions All x y and AtLeast x y, where x and y are built up from basic terms by either unions or intersections. We present a sound, complete, and polynomial-time decidable proof system for these logics. An immediate consequence of our work is the completeness of the logic additionally permitting More x y. The logics considered here may be viewed as efficient fragments of two logics which appear in the literature: Boolean Algebra with Presburger Arithmetic and the Logic of Comparative Cardinality.

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Woodside, Sarah J. "Dominant logics." Social Enterprise Journal 14, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 39–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sej-01-2016-0001.

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Purpose Work integration social enterprises (WISEs) address the chronic unemployment of disadvantaged populations. However, WISEs face challenges, in part, because they embody both social mission and market logics which potentially contradict one another. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the founders of WISEs perceive the relationship between logics and how they manage any resulting tensions, to help determine if they are effective vehicles for alleviating unemployment. Design/methodology/approach This study used in-depth interviews with social entrepreneurs in nationally recognized WISEs to assess how they perceived and managed logic tensions. Findings A total of eight out of the ten WISEs emphasized one dominant logic and did not perceive significant internal conflict. Only two cases experienced prolonged and ultimately irreconcilable tensions between their social mission and market goals, when social entrepreneurs were guided by the blended logics of providing training and services to disadvantaged populations within a for-profit legal form. Research limitations/implications Future research is required to determine the generalizability of these findings due to small sample size, an exclusive focus on the founder’s perspective and an exclusive focus on WISEs. Practical implications Findings contribute to greater understanding of logic tensions in WISEs and the opportunities and limitations that result from aligning dominant logic(s) and organizational form. Originality/value This research suggests that the founders of WISEs perceive market and social mission logics as options to be selected, and that WISEs struggle to succeed as organizations with two dominant logics. The market appears as yet unprepared to support singlehandedly organizations with a social mission of work integration.

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Guy, Mary. "Mom Work Versus Dad Work in Local Government." Administration & Society 49, no. 1 (July 27, 2016): 48–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399716641989.

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The work context reconstructs the feminine and the masculine, rendering public service a mirror of gender asymmetry. Nowhere is this clearer than in local government, where many face-to-face services are delivered. In cities and counties, the largest job categories are education and police work. Almost 90% of elementary school teachers are women and less than 12% of police officers are women. The sequelae to job segregation—overlooking the emotive component of jobs, pay inequity, and glass walls—will not change until organizational logic catches up with a more nuanced appreciation of gender.

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Bjørnstad, Thor Christian, and Kari Steen-Johnsen. "Beyond Planning: The Implementation of a Worksite Health Promotional Scheme." Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.19154/njwls.v2i2.2357.

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The aim of this article is to provide insight into how the presence of diverging organizational logics influences the outcome of worksite health promotion projects. The study is based on a one-year qualitative single-case study of the implementation of a health promotional physical exercise program in a transnational transport and logistics company based in Norway. While the program that was implemented was based on dominant logics in Norway, i.e., the emphasis on worker participation and influence, the organizational logics of the transport company defined company–worker relationships in other terms. We found that the logic of a highly specialized work organization that combined strict work distribution with a set of narrowly defined work tasks contradicted the logic that underpinned the health promotional program, and that this contradiction is an important reason why the initiative failed. We therefore conclude that in implementing health promotion projects at the workplace, there is a need to observe the relationship between logics related both to the project and to the organization.

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Longtin, Christian, Yannick Tousignant-Laflamme, and Marie-France Coutu. "A logic model for a self-management program designed to help workers with persistent and disabling low back pain stay at work." Work 67, no. 2 (November 9, 2020): 395–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-203289.

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BACKGROUND: Workers with persistent disabling low back pain (LBP) often encounter difficulty staying at work. Self-management (SM) programs can offer interesting avenues to help workers stay at work. OBJECTIVE: To establish the plausibility of a logic model operationalizing a SM program designed to help workers with persistent disabling LBP stay at work. METHODS: We used a qualitative design. A preliminary version of the logic model was developed based on the literature and McLaughlin et al.’s framework for logic models. Clinicians in work rehabilitation completed an online survey on the plausibility of the logic model and proposed modifications, which were discussed in a focus group. Thematic analyses were performed. RESULTS: Participants (n = 11) found the model plausible, contingent upon a few modifications. They raised the importance of making more explicit the margin of maneuver or “job leeway” for a worker who is trying to stay at work and suggested emphasizing a capability approach. Enhancing the workers’ perceived self-efficacy and communication skills were deemed essential tasks of the model. CONCLUSION: A plausible logic model for a SM program designed for workers with disabling LBP stay at work was developed. The next step will be to assess its acceptability with potential users.

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Непейвода, Н. Н. "Formalization as the Immanent Part of Logical Solving." Logical Investigations 24, no. 1 (May 30, 2018): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2074-1472-2018-24-1-129-145.

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The work is devoted to the logical analysis of the problem solving by logical means. It starts from general characteristic of the applied logic as a tool: 1. to bound logic with its applications in theory and practice; 2. to import methods and methodologies from other domains into logic; 3. to export methods and methodologies from logic into other domains. The precise solving of a precisely stated logical problem occupies only one third of the whole process of solving real problems by logical means. The formalizing precedes it and the deformalizing follows it. The main topic when considering formalization is a choice of a logic. The classical logic is usually the best one for a draft formalization. The given problem and peculiarities of the draft formalization could sometimes advise us to use some other logic. If axioms of the classical formalization have some restricted form this is often the advice to use temporal, modal or multi-valued logic. More precisely, if all binary predicates occur only in premises of implications then it is possible sometimes to replace a predicate classical formalization by a propositional modal or temporal in the appropriate logic. If all predicates are unary and some of them occur only in premises then the classical logic maybe can replaced by a more adequate multi-valued. This idea is inspired by using Rosser–Turkette operator $J_i$in the book [22]. If we are interested not in a bare proof but in construction it gives us it is often to transfer to an appropriate constructive logic. Its choice is directed by our main resource (time, real values, money or any other imaginable resource) and by other restrictions.Logics of different by their nature resources are mutually inconsistent (e.g. nilpotent logics of time and linear logics of money). Also it is shown by example how Arnold’s principle works in logic: too “precise” formalization often becomes less adequate than more “rough”. DOI: 10.21146/2074-1472-2018-24-1-129-145

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Journal articles on the topic 'Logic of the work'

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