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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Logical argumentation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Mann, N. "Logical argumentation using generalised knowledge." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446286/.

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Computers are increasingly being used in situations where a conclusion must be reached based on a wide range of knowledge. As the volume of this stored knowledge increases, so does the possibility of inconsistency within that knowledge. Argumen tation is one solution to this problem, and argumentation based upon propositional logic has been extensively explored in the literature. However, this is insufficient for many applications, such as the use of temporal data. First order logic is a possi ble solution from the literature, but not all of the issues concerning this have been explored. This

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2

Loureiro, E. N. "Logical and emotional argumentation by Brazilian religious ministers." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401130.

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3

Mailly, Jean-Guy. "Dynamics of argumentation frameworks." Thesis, Artois, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ARTO0402/document.

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Cette thèse traite du problème de l'intégration d'une nouvelle information dans un système d'argumentation abstrait. Un tel système est un graphe orienté dont les nœuds représentent les arguments, et les arcs représentent les attaques entre arguments. Il existe divers moyen de décider quels arguments sont acceptés par l'agent qui utilise un tel système pour représenter ses croyances.Il peut arriver dans la vie d'un agent qu'il soit confronté à une information du type "tel argument devrait être accepté", alors que c'est en contradiction avec ses croyances actuelles, représentées par son système

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4

Gustavsson, Erik. "Gud - logisk, verklig eller onödig? : en retorisk analys av Richard Dawkins och John Lennox argumentation om Guds existens." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för lärande och miljö, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-9698.

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This study has its background in the debate about religion and the existence of God, which has been an ongoing issue throughout the Western cultural tradition. Today´s information society has been an impact on the increasing interest for this subject. The essay’s main task is to accomplish a rhetorical analysis of two books, Illusionen om Gud (2008) by atheist Richard Dawkins and Guds dödgrävare (2010) by Christian John Lennox, in order to investigate the authors’ use of rhetorical strategies to influence their audience. The texts are studied using a qualitative approach with the theoretical b

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5

AMARAL, Stefânio Ramalho do. "Estratégias argumentativas de universitários: estudo comparativo de três práticas pedagógicas." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18864.

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Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-05-23T12:47:39Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) @ STEFÂNIO AMARAL - biblioteca - FINAL.pdf: 1963384 bytes, checksum: fe89df35e593e6c0282f29835617dffd (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-23T12:47:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) @ STEFÂNIO AMARAL - biblioteca - FINAL.pdf: 1963384 bytes, checksum: fe89df35e593e6c0282f29835617dffd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24<br>CNPQ<br

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6

Obeidat, Laith Mohammad. "Enhancing the Indoor-Outdoor Visual Relationship: Framework for Developing and Integrating a 3D-Geospatial-Based Inside-Out Design Approach to the Design Process." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97726.

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This research study aims to enhance the effectiveness of the architectural design process regarding the exploration and framing of the best visual connections to the outside environment within built environments. Specifically, it aims to develop a framework for developing and integrating an inside-out design approach augmented and informed by digital 3D geospatial data as a way to enhance the explorative ability and decision-making process for designers regarding the visual connection to the outside environment. To do so, the strategy of logical argumentation is used to analyze and study the p

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7

Bianchi, Cezira [UNESP]. "A lógica no desenvolvimento da competência argumentativa." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102152.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-04-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:03:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bianchi_c_dr_rcla.pdf: 3784213 bytes, checksum: 74a2fc2a0783a2ad9b404b340de5e04e (MD5)<br>Este trabalho mostra um caminho para a mudança, na prática pedagógica, pela inserção da Lógica no currículo, como tema transdisciplinar, articulador do raciocínio e construtor da argumentação. A proposta é inverter o papel do modo de pensar: de coadjuvante para protagonista. Quando as idéias forem veículos para os alunos compreenderem

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8

Preacher, Jon Nelsen. "Implicature and argumentation." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2437.

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This thesis explores the role, if any, that implicature plays as a strategy in informal debate. Transcripts of spontaneous debates from television and radio public affairs talk shows were analyzed with a focus on the use of implicature as a strategic rhetorical tool employed to gain advantage in an argument.

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9

Bouyahia, Tarek. "Metrics for security activities assisted by argumentative logic." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IMTA0013/document.

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L'accroissement et la diversification des services offerts par les systèmes informatiques modernes rendent la tâche de sécuriser ces systèmes encore plus complexe. D'une part, l'évolution du nombre de services système accroît le nombre des vulnérabilités qui peuvent être exploitées par des attaquants afin d'atteindre certains objectifs d'intrusion. D'autre part, un système de sécurité moderne doit assurer un certain niveau de performance et de qualité de service tout en maintenant l'état de sécurité. Ainsi, les systèmes de sécurité modernes doivent tenir compte des exigences de l'utilisateur a

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10

Baumann, Ringo. "Metalogical Contributions to the Nonmonotonic Theory of Abstract Argumentation." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-132973.

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The study of nonmonotonic logics is one mayor field of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The reason why such kind of formalisms are so attractive to model human reasoning is that they allow to withdraw former conclusion. At the end of the 1980s the novel idea of using argumentation to model nonmonotonic reasoning emerged in AI. Nowadays argumentation theory is a vibrant research area in AI, covering aspects of knowledge representation, multi-agent systems, and also philosophical questions. Phan Minh Dung’s abstract argumentation frameworks (AFs) play a dominant role in the field of argumentation.

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11

Schulz, Claudia. "Developments in abstract and assumption-based argumentation and their application in logic programming." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/56062.

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Logic Programming (LP) and Argumentation are two paradigms for knowledge representation and reasoning under incomplete information. Even though the two paradigms share common features, they constitute mostly separate areas of research. In this thesis, we present novel developments in Argumentation, in particular in Assumption-Based Argumentation (ABA) and Abstract Argumentation (AA), and show how they can 1) extend the understanding of the relationship between the two paradigms and 2) provide solutions to problematic reasoning outcomes in LP. More precisely, we introduce assumption labellings

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12

Zheng, Man. "Management of an intelligent argumentation network for a web-based collaborative engineering design environment." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : University of Missouri-Rolla, 2007. http://scholarsmine.umr.edu/thesis/pdf/Zheng_09007dcc803e416f.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri--Rolla, 2007.<br>Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed April 22, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 33-35).

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Bianchi, Cezira. "A lógica no desenvolvimento da competência argumentativa /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102152.

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Orientador: Irineu Bicudo<br>Banca: Antônio Marmo de Oliveira<br>Banca: Idania Blanca Peña Grass<br>Banca: Antonio Vicente Marafioti Garnica<br>Banca: Renata Cristina Geromel Meneghetti<br>Resumo: Este trabalho mostra um caminho para a mudança, na prática pedagógica, pela inserção da Lógica no currículo, como tema transdisciplinar, articulador do raciocínio e construtor da argumentação. A proposta é inverter o papel do "modo de pensar": de coadjuvante para protagonista. Quando as idéias forem veículos para os alunos compreenderem que podem pensar bem e reinventar idéias, os conteúdos serão men

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14

Guerrero, Rosero Esteban. "Representing and Reasoning about Complex Human Activities - an Activity-Centric Argumentation-Based Approach." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-120272.

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The aim of this thesis is to develop theories and formal methods to endow a computing machinery with capabilities to identify, represent, reason and evaluate complex activities that are directed by an individual’s needs, goals, motives, preferences and environment, information which can be inconsistent and incomplete. Current methods for formalising and reasoning about human activity are typically limited to basic actions, e.g., walking, sitting, sleeping, etc., excluding elements of an activity. This research proposes a new formal activity-centric model that captures complex human activity ba

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15

Brinkerhoff, Jennifer Alder. "Applying Toulmin's Argumentation Framework to Explanations in a Reform Oriented Mathematics Class." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1960.pdf.

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16

Eriksson, Lundström Jenny S. Z. "On the Formal Modeling of Games of Language and Adversarial Argumentation : A Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence Approach." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsvetenskap, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9538.

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Argumentation is a highly dynamical and dialectical process drawing on human cognition. Successful argumentation is ubiquitous to human interaction. Comprehensive formal modeling and analysis of argumentation presupposes a dynamical approach to the following phenomena: the deductive logic notion, the dialectical notion and the cognitive notion of justified belief. For each step of an argumentation these phenomena form networks of rules which determine the propositions to be allowed to make sense as admissible, acceptable, and accepted. We present a formal logic framework for a computational ac

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17

Eriksson, Lundström Jenny. "On the formal modeling of games of language and adversarial argumentation : a logic-based artificial intelligence approach /." Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9538.

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18

Carmler, Alexander. "Questioning the unquestionable : A normative study of the values, argumentation and logic of the Swedish drug policy." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Statsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-45717.

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Sweden’s drug policy still invokes the ideas of zero-tolerance and prohibition despite the high reported number of drug-related deaths and arrest rates for using drugs in Sweden in the latest years. To reach knowledge about why prohibition of illegal drugs has remained such a strong staple of Swedish politics for the latest 60 years, this study asks questions about which ideas and arguments constituting the Swedish drug policy, examines the logical coherence of these, and proposes an alternative policy route which aims to mitigate the shortcomings of the current policy. The drug policy field i

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19

Fontaine, Matthieu. "Argumentation et engagement ontologique de l’acte intentionnel : Pour une réflexion critique sur l’identité dans les logiques intentionnelles explicites." Thesis, Lille 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL30025/document.

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L'intentionalité est la faculté qu'a l'esprit humain de se diriger vers des objets de toutes sortes. On la capture linguistiquement à travers l'usage de verbes comme "savoir", "croire", "craindre", "espérer". Les énoncés intentionnels comme "Jean croit que Nosferatu est un vampire" ou "Oedipe aime Jocaste" défient les lois de la logique classique, remettant en cause la validité de principes logiques tels que la généralisation existentielle ou encore la substitution des identiques. Je propose dans ma thèse une analyse fondée sur les logiques intentionnelles explicites, des logiques où le langag

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20

Heyninck, Jesse [Verfasser], Christian [Gutachter] Straßer, and Ofer [Gutachter] Arieli. "Investigations into the logical foundations of defeasible reasoning : an argumentative perspective / Jesse Heyninck ; Gutachter: Christian Straßer, Ofer Arieli ; Fakultät für Philosophie und Erziehungswissenschaft." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1187523003/34.

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21

Pinto, Alexandre Miguel dos Santos Martins. "Every normal logic program has a 2-valued semantics: theory, extensions, applications, implementations." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/6097.

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Trabalho apresentado no âmbito do Doutoramento em Informática, como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Doutor em Informática<br>After a very brief introduction to the general subject of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning with Logic Programs we analyse the syntactic structure of a logic program and how it can influence the semantics. We outline the important properties of a 2-valued semantics for Normal Logic Programs, proceed to define the new Minimal Hypotheses semantics with those properties and explore how it can be used to benefit some knowledge representation and reasoning mec

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22

Raddaoui, Badran. "Contributions aux approches logiques de l'argumentation en intelligence artificielle." Thesis, Artois, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ARTO0412/document.

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Cette thèse se situe dans le domaine des modèles de l’argumentation en intelligence artificielle. Ces modèles constituent des outils très populaires pour l’étude de raisonnements en présence d’incohérences dans les bases de connaissances et lors de la négociation entre agents et la prise de décision. Un modèle argumentatif est un processus interactionnel principalement basé sur la construction d’arguments et de contre-arguments, l’étude des relations entre ces différents arguments et la mise en place de critères permettant de déterminer le statut de chaque argument afin de sélectionner les arg

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23

Hašková, Simona. "Managerial calculations from the viewpoint of logic, analysis microeconomics and other theoretical disciplines." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-200217.

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It is no secret that 'managerial' solutions are not, on average, nearly as reliable as 'technical' solutions. The focus of this work is to clarify the reasons why this is so, and to seek ways to increase the reliability of managerial solutions. The causes of this situation are both subjective (human factor failure), which can be influenced, and objective (complexity of the problem, the specifics of human behaviour, etc.) that can be only minimally influenced. Significant subjective causes at work were identified as: a. cognitive distortions at the mental level of thinking of the problem solver

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24

Mawfik, Nadia. "Effet du logiciel "geometric supposer" sur l'habileté à conjecturer et l'habileté à argumenter d'élèves-professeurs marocains." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29319.

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25

Schen, Melissa S. "Scientific reasoning skills development in the introductory biology courses for undergraduates." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1187063957.

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26

Wels, Volkhard. "Melanchthons Lehrbücher der Dialektik und Rhetorik als komplementäre Teile einer Argumentationstheorie." Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/6912/.

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Der Aufsatz zeigt, dass Melanchthons Änderungen an den traditionellen Lehrinhalten der Dialektik (Logik) und der Rhetorik in erster Linie nicht inhaltlich, sondern durch die argumentationstheoretische Neuausrichtung der beiden Disziplinen motiviert ist.

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Ventura, Pedro Paulo Ramos. "A racionalidade indutiva: em que consiste?" Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2015. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4959.

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Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-11-24T11:08:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Pedro Paulo Ramos Ventura_.pdf: 550481 bytes, checksum: 6aef3b27d08345e9e4d1968a0d4eee14 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-24T11:08:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pedro Paulo Ramos Ventura_.pdf: 550481 bytes, checksum: 6aef3b27d08345e9e4d1968a0d4eee14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-29<br>CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>O objeto geral dessa dissertação consiste em investigar a natureza dos raciocínios indutivos partindo da an

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28

Karlström, Gustaf. "Förstaklasselevers kollektiva algebraiska resonemang om funktioner." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för matematikämnets och naturvetenskapsämnenas didaktik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-194469.

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Hur elever utvecklar algebraiska resonemang är inte så välförstått, vilket i kombination med svenska elevers låga resultat vid algebraiska uppgifter på internationella mätningar utgör en problematik. Denna problematik syftar studien att minska genom att undersöka förstaklasselevers kollektiva algebraiska resonemang om funktioner, för att identifiera vilka typer av algebraiskt tänkande som ges uttryck. För att undersöka detta observerades nio grupper av förstaklasselever i deras möte med tre uppgifter om funktioner som sedan kodades efter resonemang, argument, algebraiska aspekter, generaliseri

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29

Tarnoff, Jay. "An Investigation of the Role of Confirmation Bias in the Evaluation of Informal Reasoning Fallacies." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/93269.

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School Psychology<br>Ph.D.<br>A total of 168 undergraduate students at Temple University provided a measure of their prior beliefs and measures of attitude strength on three topics and then attempted to identify and explain informal reasoning fallacies based on the same topics. Contrary to the hypothesized predictions, prior beliefs and measures of attitude strength did not have a significant effect on participants' ability to accept informal reasoning fallacies consistent with their beliefs based on that topic, although agreement with the topic demonstrated modest effects. Furthermore, this r

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30

Goltzberg, Stefan. "Théorie bidimensionnelle de l'argumentation: définition, présomption et argument à fortiori." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209921.

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La thèse propose une nouvelle théorie de l’argumentation – bidimensionnelle – reposant sur deux paramètres :la force et l’orientation. Quatre types de marqueurs sont identifiés, articulés autour de ces deux paramètres. <p>Le chapitre 1 porte sur le réductionnisme topique :la théorie selon laquelle tous les arguments sont défaisables, c’est-à-dire réfutables.<p>Le chapitre 2 retrace l’histoire du réductionnisme logique :la théorie selon laquelle tous les arguments valides sont indéfaisables. L’argument étudié est la définition.<p>Le chapitre 3 présente la théorie bidimensionnelle, qui explique

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31

Wels, Volkhard. "Humanistische Ars und deutsche Sprache in Ortholph Fuchspergers "Dialectica deutsch" (1533)." Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/6927/.

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Der Aufsatz argumentiert, dass der entscheidende Punkt an Ortholph Fuchspergers "Dialectica deutsch" der Nachweis ist, dass es möglich ist, in deutscher Sprache zu argumentieren. Dies richtet sich gegen die alleinige Verwendung der lateinischen Sprache als wissenschaftlicher Sprache. Fuchsperger zieht damit eine Konsequenz aus der humanistischen Umbestimmung des ars-Begriffes als einer deskriptiven und nicht normativen Verfahrensweise.

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Lindgren, Helena. "Decision support in dementia care : developing systems for interactive reasoning." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Datavetenskap Computing Science, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1138.

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Wikström, Patrik. "Den argumenterande Olof Palme : en argumentationsanalys av strukturer och strukturbrott i Olof Palmes inlägg i valdebatten mot Thorbjörn Fälldin i Scandinavium, Göteborg, 1976." Licentiate thesis, Örebro University, Department of Humanities, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-1528.

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<p>Abstract</p><p>The topic of the present dissertation is argumentation in the late statesman Olof Palme (1927-1986). One may reasonably think that the fascination for Palme is mainly due to his way of expressing his policy, and therefore also to his argumentation strategy. The theoretical background consists of Lloyd F. Bitzers’s theory on the rhetorical situation, Stephen E. Toulmin’s theory on the description of argumentation structures and on the notion of fallacy, as it appears in pragma-dialectics and informal logic. The rhetorical situation is used to identify vital presuppositions and

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Guillaume, Marine. ""Fighting Justly" in the XXth century : why do weapons disappear from the battlefield ?" Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0052.

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Pourquoi certaines armes disparaissent des champs de bataille tandis que d’autres ne cessent d’y être déployées? Afin de répondre à cette question, notre travail entreprend d’analyser sous un angle inédit l’influence du droit de la guerre (jus in bello) dans le choix des acteurs (gouvernements et militaires) d’utiliser une arme plutôt qu’une autre. Plus précisément, il s’attache à démontrer que les perceptions collectives de ce que proscrit ou autorise le droit de la guerre concernant les conditions d’utilisation des armes (conceptualisées sous le nom de meta-norme du « combattre justement »)

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Barros, Leandro de. "Pensamento crítico e ensino de filosofia : propostas para a argumentação em sala de aula." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2015.

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Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Patrícia Del Nero Velasco<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa De Pós-Graduação em Ensino, História, Filosofia das Ciências e Matemática, 2015.<br>A obrigatoriedade da Filosofia no Ensino Médio gerou uma série de desafios ao professor e ao poder público, tendo em vista as múltiplas possibilidades de autores e temas que podem ser trabalhados e a realidade da Educação Básica brasileira. O presente trabalho insere-se nas discussões sobre o que e como ensinar Filosofia, atendo-se a uma área pouco explorada nos livros didáticos, a saber, a Lógic

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Bermejo, Luque Lilian. "Bases filosóficas para una teoría normativa integral de la argumentación. Hacia un enfoque unificado de sus dimensiones lógica, dialéctica y retórica." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10834.

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Tras el análisis de las principales teorías de la argumentación contemporáneas, se desarrollan concepciones alternativas de las dimensiones lógica, dialéctica y retórica de la argumentación de cara a la elaboración de una teoría normativa capaz de integrarlas.<br>After the analysis of the main current theories of argumentation, I develop alternative conceptions of the logical, dialectical and rhetorical dimensions of argumentation towards the elaboration of a normative theory of argumentation able to integrate them.

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Delanlssays, Thomas. "La motivation des décisions juridictionnelles du Conseil d’Etat." Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL20018.

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Cette étude se donne pour ambition de saisir et de comprendre ce qu’est la motivation des décisions juridictionnelles du Conseil d’État, au demeurant souvent critiquée. Notion fondamentale en droit processuel, la motivation est un discours argumentatif, expression d’une technique juridique, à savoir un discours visant à justifier au plan juridique et factuel la décision à travers un raisonnement afin de persuader l’auditoire. Ainsi faudra-t-il analyser à la fois son architecture et ses fonctions dans une perspective dynamique. En tout état de cause, on constate,depuis au moins le début du XXIe

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Simard, Smith Paul Linton. "Logic In Context: An essay on the contextual foundations of logical pluralism." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7986.

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The core pluralist thesis about logic, broadly construed, is the claim that two or more logics are correct. In this thesis I discuss a uniquely interesting variant of logical pluralism that I call logical contextualism. Roughly, the logical contextualists’ thought is that, for fixed values p and q, the statement “p entails q” and its cognates such as “q is a logical consequence of p” or “the argument from p to q is logically valid,” are true in some contexts and false in others. After developing a contextualist account of logical pluralism I proceed to examine implications that, if true, logi

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Shim, So Young 1970. "Critical thinking on a logical fallacy." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-3054.

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Ad hominem argument is an argument that attacks the defender of a claim rather than the claim in dispute. The purpose of my dissertation is to answer the question of whether ad hominem argument is fallacious. I search for the answer by exploring several areas of philosophy and discussing ad hominem argument from historical, logical, epistemological, and linguistic perspectives. I reach the following conclusions: First, since the conclusion of an ad hominem argument does not appear explicitly in actual argumentation, how to formulate the conclusion plays a crucial role in judging the legitimacy

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Ansah, Richard. "A critical study of informal fallacies in some socio-political discourse in Ghana." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27014.

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The research undertakes a critical study of informal fallacies in some socio-political and religious discourses in Ghana. It clearly and aptly demonstrates that the aforementioned discourses are mostly, if not, always laced with fallacies which obscure and distort clear and critical thinking. The study shows that language, which is the fundamental means by which to engage in socio-political discourse, can be viewed as a complicated tool which is open to misuse and abuse. It shows that language used in socio-political discourses is more often than not utilized poorly, and as such assertions and

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Galler, Jayson Scott 1966. "Logic and argumentation in the Book of Concord." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3474.

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The sixteenth-century Reformation in Germany is often viewed as having made a radical change by breaking with the thinking of the past and starting something new. One example given is the Reformation's perceived rejection of philosophy (that is, philosophy's method, subject matter, and purpose), although the regard for philosophy has often been assessed only on the basis of second-order data. Past research has looked at various individuals' keeping or breaking with the preceding era and at the question of continuity between individuals within the Reformation movement of the sixteenth century.

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Macedo, Paulo Sérgio Fonseca Santos Pinto. "A Estratégia de Argumentação de António de Oliveira Salazar. Análise de Discurso Político entre 1928 e 1932." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/75221.

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A presente Dissertação tem como tema a argumentação, centrando-se na definição teórica dos conceitos a ela ligados e na sua aplicação à estratégia argumentativa do antigo ditador e líder de um duradouro regime autoritário em Portugal, António de Oliveira Salazar. A partir dos estudos sobre o discurso, é definido, na parte teórica, o papel da argumentação como tentativa de convencimento e de resolução em ambiente dialógico, em particular nos tipos deliberativo e persuasivo. Esta definição conduz à necessidade de precisão em relação à definição e à constituição de um argumento, diferenciando-o d

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Baumann, Ringo. "On the Existence of Characterization Logics and Fundamental Properties of Argumentation Semantics." 2019. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36595.

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Given the large variety of existing logical formalisms it is of utmost importance to select the most adequate one for a specific purpose, e.g. for representing the knowledge relevant for a particular application or for using the formalism as a modeling tool for problem solving. Awareness of the nature of a logical formalism, in other words, of its fundamental intrinsic properties, is indispensable and provides the basis of an informed choice. One such intrinsic property of logic-based knowledge representation languages is the context-dependency of pieces of knowledge. In classical proposition

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Baumann, Ringo. "Metalogical Contributions to the Nonmonotonic Theory of Abstract Argumentation." Doctoral thesis, 2013. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A12292.

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The study of nonmonotonic logics is one mayor field of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The reason why such kind of formalisms are so attractive to model human reasoning is that they allow to withdraw former conclusion. At the end of the 1980s the novel idea of using argumentation to model nonmonotonic reasoning emerged in AI. Nowadays argumentation theory is a vibrant research area in AI, covering aspects of knowledge representation, multi-agent systems, and also philosophical questions. Phan Minh Dung’s abstract argumentation frameworks (AFs) play a dominant role in the field of argumentation.

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Carnevale, de Almeida Iara. "Distributed Knowledge Bases: a Proposal for Argumentation-based Semantics with Cooperation." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/2599.

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The main objective of this dissertation is to define an argumentation-based negotiation framework for distributed knowledge bases. Knowledge bases are modeling over a multi-agent setting (MAS) such that each agent possibly has an independent or overlapping knowledge base. This dissertation proposes that agents evaluate arguments to obtain a consensus about a common knowledge by both proposing arguments or trying to build opposing arguments against them. Moreover, this proposal deals with incomplete knowledge (i.e. partial arguments) and so a cooperation process grants arguments to achieve kno

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Dixon, Scott Walton. "The theory and pedagody of semantic inconsistency in critical reasoning." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/24927.

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One aspect of critical reasoning is the analysis and appraisal of claims and arguments. A typical problem, when analysing and appraising arguments, is inconsistent statements. Although several inconsistencies may have deleterious effects on rationality and action, not all of them do. As educators, we also have an obligation to teach this evaluation in a way that does justice to our normal reasoning practices and judgements of inconsistency. Thus, there is a need to determine the acceptable inconsistencies from those that are not, and to impart that information to students. We might ask: What

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Nittka, Alexander. "A 3-valued approach to disbelief." 2003. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A16461.

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Es wird eine sprachliche Erweiterung der Aussagenlogik vorgeschlagen. Es handelt sich um eine Art von schwacher Negation ('disbelief'). Eine entsprechende Logik wird entwickelt. Diese wird semantisch charakterisiert. Weiterhin wird auf Schwierigkeiten hingewiesen, die bei der Axiomatisierung auftreten werden.

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Kulcinski, Arcadi. "Técnicas de Persuasão." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/14785.

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A presente investigação tem como objetivo principal identificar e explicar as diversas técnicas de comunicação que poderão ser utilizadas na persuasão e na manipulação de pensamento, opiniões e disposição para a ação (diathesis) de um auditório. A partir da exploração da arte de retórica, aplicada à comunicação interpessoal, assim como aos outros meios de comunicação, sobretudo o audiovisual, e também na exploração de comunicação não-verbal, pretende-se demostrar e explicar os diversos métodos e procedimentos de persuasão e de manipulação. Estas serão divididas em três grupos, cada um r

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Bruxel, Laerson. "Democracia, Deliberação e Mídia na Esfera Pública Contemporânea: um Estudo sobre Experiênciasa Referendárias no Brasil e em Portugal." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/20165.

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Tese de doutoramento em Altos Estudos Contemporâneos, na especialidade de Ciência Política (História Política e Estudos Internacionais), apresentada à Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra<br>A presente investigação analisa e compara material publicado por dois jornais, – Folha de São Paulo, do Brasil, e Público, de Portugal -, sobre referendos realizados nos dois países, respectivamente, em 2005 e 2007. O objetivo é verificar se nesse material há falas com argumentos que possam ser considerados úteis para contribuir com um processo deliberativo, na perspectiva da democracia def

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