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Journal articles on the topic 'Logical-deductive reasoning'

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Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Marufi, Marufi, Muhammad Ilyas, Muhammad Ikram, Rosidah Rosidah, and Phimlikid Kaewhanam. "Exploration of high school students' reasoning in solving trigonometric function problems." Al-Jabar : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika 13, no. 2 (2022): 231–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/ajpm.v13i2.12972.

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Reasoning has been extensively studied by many experts. However, Research on student reasoning in trigonometric problem solving, particularly those related to logical thinking skills is still sorely needed. This study aimed to explore students' reasoning in solving trigonometric function problems regarding logical thinking skills. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach. The research subjects involved high school students in Palopo, Indonesia. Based on the logical ability test results, three subjects were selected, namely students with high, medium, and low logical abilities. R

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Hoch, Stephen J., and Judith E. Tschirgi. "Logical knowledge and cue redundancy in deductive reasoning." Memory & Cognition 13, no. 5 (1985): 453–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03198458.

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Carreira, Susana, Nélia Amado, and Hélia Jacinto. "Venues for Analytical Reasoning Problems: How Children Produce Deductive Reasoning." Education Sciences 10, no. 6 (2020): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci10060169.

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The research on deductive reasoning in mathematics education has been predominantly associated with the study of proof; consequently, there is a lack of studies on logical reasoning per se, especially with young children. Analytical reasoning problems are adequate tasks to engage the solver in deductive reasoning, as they require rule checking and option elimination, for which chains of inferences based on premises and rules are accomplished. Focusing on the solutions of children aged 10–12 to an analytical reasoning problem proposed in two separate settings—a web-based problem-solving competi

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Wan, Wentao, Zhuojie Yang, Yongcan Chen, et al. "SR-FoT: A Syllogistic-Reasoning Framework of Thought for Large Language Models Tackling Knowledge-based Reasoning Tasks." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 39, no. 14 (2025): 15186–94. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i14.33666.

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Deductive reasoning is a crucial logical capability that assists us in solving complex problems based on existing knowledge. Although augmented by Chain-of-Thought prompts, Large Language Models (LLMs) might not follow the correct reasoning paths. Enhancing the deductive reasoning abilities of LLMs, and leveraging their extensive built-in knowledge for various reasoning tasks, remains an open question. Attempting to mimic the human deductive reasoning paradigm, we propose a multi-stage Syllogistic-Reasoning Framework of Thought (SR-FoT) that enables LLMs to perform syllogistic deductive reason

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TIMOSHINA, Elena, and Arseny KRAEVSKY. "Law and Logic: E. Bulygin’s Deductive Pattern of Judicial Reasoning." WISDOM 1, no. 1 (2021): 212–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v1i1.673.

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In the twentieth century, the debate over the possibilities and limits of logic in law became particularly acute with the emergence of judicial realism, a philosophical and legal trend that denied the deductive nature of judicial decision-making. This compromised the theory of the judicial syllogism, assuming that a judicial decision could be deduced as a logical consequence from the premises - norms and facts, and generally provoked a sceptical attitude towards logic in law. The subject of the article is the deductive model of the justification of judicial decisions proposed by the outstandin

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Morgan, C. "The logical basis for computer programming. Volume 1: Deductive reasoning." Science of Computer Programming 9, no. 3 (1987): 310–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6423(87)90014-1.

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Seitz, Fabian. "A Mind Selected by Needs: Explaining Logical Animals by Evolution." Acta Analytica 35, no. 4 (2020): 579–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12136-020-00421-5.

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Abstract Explaining humans as rational creatures—capable of deductive reasoning—remains challenging for evolutionary naturalism. Schechter (Philosophical Perspectives, 24(1)437–464, 2011, 2013) proposes to link the evolution of this kind of reasoning with the ability to plan. His proposal, however, does neither include any elaborated theory on how logical abilities came into being within the hominin lineage nor is it sufficiently supported by empirical evidence. I present such a theory in broad outline and substantiate it with archeological findings. It is argued that the cognitive makeup of a

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Finley, Robby. "Peirce on the Normative Basis of Deductive Logic." Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society: A Quarterly Journal in American Philosophy 60, no. 2 (2024): 129–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/csp.00024.

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Abstract: I analyze Peirce's reply in the 1903 Lowell Lectures to the "defendant argument" and show how his response provides a key to interpreting his later philosophy of logic and his views on the normative role of deductive logic in inquiry. I argue that in Peirce's discussion of self-control in reasoning and evaluation of reasoning, we find an underappreciated position on logical revision and how to understand rational choice between deductive theories. To defend this point, I reconstruct Peirce's reply by providing an interpretation of his comments on higher-order criticism and the soundn

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Wills, Wilfredo. "Inductive Or Deductive Reasoning in The Narrative of The Introduction of a Scientific Article: A Logical and Sequential Ordering." Clinical and Medical Research and Studies 1, no. 2 (2022): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.59468/2836-8525/006.

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The objective of this short report is to describe and compare inductive and deductive reasoning in the introduction section of a scientific article as part of the research process. The purpose is to provide a reflection on the approach to reality in both methods, proposing criteria on the logical order and rationality of research.

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Coetzee, John P., Micah A. Johnson, Youngzie Lee, Allan D. Wu, Marco Iacoboni, and Martin M. Monti. "Dissociating Language and Thought in Human Reasoning." Brain Sciences 13, no. 1 (2022): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13010067.

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What is the relationship between language and complex thought? In the context of deductive reasoning there are two main views. Under the first, which we label here the language-centric view, language is central to the syntax-like combinatorial operations of complex reasoning. Under the second, which we label here the language-independent view, these operations are dissociable from the mechanisms of natural language. We applied continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS), a form of noninvasive neuromodulation, to healthy adult participants to transiently inhibit a subregion of Broca’s area (left

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Marcacci, Flavia. "Argumentation and counterfactual reasoning in Parmenides and Melissus." Revista Archai, no. 30 (May 10, 2020): e03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1984-249x_30_4.

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Parmenides and Melissus employ different deductive styles for their different kinds of argumentation. The former’s poem flows in an interesting sequence of passages: contents foreword, methodological premises, krisis, conclusions and corollaries. The latter, however, organizes an extensive process of deduction to show the characteristics of what is. In both cases, the strength of their argument rests on their deductive form, on the syntactical level of their texts: the formal structure of their reasonings help to identify the features and logical intersections of their thoughts. On the one han

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Codrea, Codrin. "Judicial syllogism - integrating non-monotonic logic in a deductive logical form." Eastern Journal of European Studies 15, no. 2 (2025): 319–36. https://doi.org/10.47743/ejes-2024-0216.

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The judicial syllogism represents one of the most significant and widely accepted applications of logic in the field of law. Alongside the legislative syllogism, it is a part of the broader conceptual framework commonly referred to as the legal syllogism. This logical structure is classified as a type of mediate deductive inference, which proceeds from general to particular statements - a reasoning process traditionally associated with the dictum de omni principle. Although intuitive and traditionally accepted for offering the proper structure for the application of law, the judicial syllogism

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CERVESATO, ILIANO, and KAUSTUV CHAUDHURI. "Preface – Special Issue on Logical Frameworks and Meta-Languages 2015." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 28, no. 9 (2018): 1506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129518000233.

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Logical frameworks and meta-languages form a common substrate for representing, implementing and reasoning about a wide variety of deductive systems of interest in logic and computer science. Their design and implementation and their use in reasoning tasks ranging from the correctness of software to the properties of formal computational systems have been the focus of considerable research over the last two decades.

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Qiu, Li, Fumihito Ikeda, and Naoko Yamashita. "Development of Logic-Based Question Classification Methods to Measure the Ability to Ask Questions Essential for Setting Research Questions." Integrated Science Education Journal 5, no. 2 (2024): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.37251/isej.v5i2.1003.

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Purpose of the study: Many learners experience difficulties in generating questions that lead to research questions. This study aimed to present perspectives on questions that inquire into the logic within each type of logical reasoning, propose a new question classification method based on these perspectives, verify its objectivity, and examine participants' logicality. Methodology: This study deductively developed perspectives and classification methods for questions based on the logical reasoning theory. To verify the question-classification method and examine participants' logicality, 1,16

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HARPER, ROBERT, and DANIEL R. LICATA. "Mechanizing metatheory in a logical framework." Journal of Functional Programming 17, no. 4-5 (2007): 613–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796807006430.

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AbstractThe LF logical framework codifies a methodology for representing deductive systems, such as programming languages and logics, within a dependently typed λ-calculus. In this methodology, the syntactic and deductive apparatus of a system is encoded as the canonical forms of associated LF types; an encoding is correct (adequate) if and only if it defines acompositional bijectionbetween the apparatus of the deductive system and the associated canonical forms. Given an adequate encoding, one may establish metatheoretic properties of a deductive system by reasoning about the associated LF re

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Gregg, Jeff. "The Perils of Conditional Statements and the Notion of Logical Equivalence." Mathematics Teacher 90, no. 7 (1997): 544–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.90.7.0544.

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Increased attention should be given to the expression of deductive arguments in high school geometry, according to the Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics (NCTM 1989). In general, the standards for grades 9-12 emphasize helping students develop their logical-reasoning skills. One means by which high school geometry textbooks typically introduce the notion of deductive reasoning and the principles oflogic is by examining conditional statements and their converses, inverses, and contrapositives. This article describes an episode involving conditional statements and the not

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Ebaid, Ana Augusta Rodrigues Westin. "A LÓGICA DEDUTIVA SOB A ÓTICA DA INTERPRETAÇÃO JURÍDICA E DA TEORIA DA DECISÃO." Colloquium Humanarum 08, no. 1 (2011): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ch.2011.v08.n1.h095.

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This paper discusses the application of deductive logical reasoning in the interpretation and legal decision, focusing on legal positivism and its base of constitution in a democratic state. The study aims to examine the contours of legal positivism from the perspective of one of its biggest critics: the philosopher Chaïm Perelman. The investigation begins with the study of deductive and inductive logic, examining its relationship with the law, to achieve a legal theory that reaches the philosophical and political ideals of a democratic state. The research indicates that despite the logical de

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Richardson, Kyle, and Ashish Sabharwal. "Pushing the Limits of Rule Reasoning in Transformers through Natural Language Satisfiability." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 10 (2022): 11209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i10.21371.

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Investigating the reasoning abilities of transformer models, and discovering new challenging tasks for them, has been a topic of much interest. Recent studies have found these models to be surprisingly strong at performing deductive reasoning over formal logical theories expressed in natural language. A shortcoming of these studies, however, is that they do not take into account that logical theories, when sampled uniformly at random, do not necessarily lead to hard instances. We propose a new methodology for creating challenging algorithmic reasoning datasets that focus on natural language sa

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Woleński, Jan. "Logic in the Light of Cognitive Science." Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 48, no. 1 (2016): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/slgr-2016-0057.

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AbstractLogical theory codifies rules of correct inferences. On the other hand, logical reasoning is typically considered as one of the most fundamental cognitive activities. Thus, cognitive science is a natural meeting-point for investigations about the place of logic in human cognition. Investigations in this perspective strongly depend on a possible understanding of logic. This paper focuses on logic in the strict sense; that is, the theory of deductive inferences. Two problems are taken into account, namely: (a) do humans apply logical rules in ordinary reasoning?; (b) the genesis of logic

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ШКАРБАН, Інна. "LINGUISTIC ASPECT OF MODALITY IN MODERN MATH DISCOURSE IN ENGLISH." Проблеми гуманітарних наук. Серія Філологія, no. 49 (June 8, 2022): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24919/2522-4565.2022.49.33.

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The article reveals linguistic aspect of modality in modern math discourse in English, critically outlines a number of actual problematic issues in the area, such as the distinction between epistemic modality and evidentiality marked by formal logics philosophical grounding. General reference to previous scholarly activity in math modality research proves that it is largely based on propositional aspects of meaning. The math text corpus analysis aims to extract a set of modalities that are indispensable for formulating modal deductive reasoning. However, from a linguistic perspective academic

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Qiu, Li, Fumihito Ikeda, and Naoko Yamashita. "Development and Validation of a Taxonomy for Specific Questions Based on Deficiencies in Logical Reasoning." Integrated Science Education Journal 6, no. 1 (2025): 6–14. https://doi.org/10.37251/isej.v6i1.1102.

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Purpose of the study: This study aims to develop a taxonomy of specific questions based on deficiencies in three types of logical reasoning: inductive, deductive, and hypothetical reasoning. The study also seeks to validate the quality of this taxonomy. Methodology: This study is a developmental research project that utilized a “three-level model” combining deductive approaches with empirical data analysis to develop and validate a taxonomy of questions. A convenience sampling method was employed, whereby 57 questions were selected from 1,164 posed by graduate students at a university in Japan

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Prado, Jérôme, Nicola Spotorno, Eric Koun, et al. "Neural Interaction between Logical Reasoning and Pragmatic Processing in Narrative Discourse." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 27, no. 4 (2015): 692–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00744.

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Logical connectives (e.g., or, if, and not) are central to everyday conversation, and the inferences they generate are made with little effort in pragmatically sound situations. In contrast, the neural substrates of logical inference-making have been studied exclusively in abstract tasks where pragmatic concerns are minimal. Here, we used fMRI in an innovative design that employed narratives to investigate the interaction between logical reasoning and pragmatic processing in natural discourse. Each narrative contained three premises followed by a statement. In Fully-deductive stories, the stat

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Houdé, Olivier, Laure Zago, Emmanuel Mellet, et al. "Shifting from the Perceptual Brain to the Logical Brain: The Neural Impact of Cognitive Inhibition Training." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 12, no. 5 (2000): 721–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892900562525.

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What happens in the human brain when the mind has to inhibit a perceptual process in order to activate a logical reasoning process? Here, we use functional imaging to show the networks of brain areas involved in a deductive logic task performed twice by the same subjects, first with a perceptual bias and then with a logical response following bias-inhibition training. The main finding is a striking shift in the cortical anatomy of reasoning from the posterior part of the brain (the ventral and dorsal pathways) to a left-prefrontal network including the middle-frontal gyrus, Broca's area, the a

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Jacobs, Janette B., James H. Smith-Spark, and Elizabeth J. Newton. "The Roles of Rule Type and Word Term in the Deductive Reasoning of Adults with and without Dyslexia." Behavioral Sciences 14, no. 8 (2024): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs14080635.

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Despite its importance to everyday functioning, reasoning is underexplored in developmental dyslexia. The current study investigated verbal deductive reasoning on the Wason selection task, not previously used in dyslexia research despite its well-established pedigree. Reasoning rule was manipulated, with the conditional rules varying in the logical values presented. The word frequency and imageability of the word terms was also manipulated. Twenty-six adults with dyslexia and 31 adults without dyslexia completed Wason selection task problems. No group difference in reasoning accuracy or comple

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Kakas, Antonis. "Informalizing Formal Logic." Informal Logic 39, no. 2 (2019): 169–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/il.v39i2.5169.

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This paper presents a way in which formal logic can be understood and reformulated in terms of argumentation that can help us unify formal and informal reasoning. Classical deductive reasoning will be expressed entirely in terms of notions and concepts from argumentation so that formal logical entailment is equivalently captured via the arguments that win between those supporting concluding formulae and arguments supporting contradictory formulae. This allows us to go beyond Classical Logic and smoothly connect it with human reasoning, thus providing a uniform argumentation-based view of both

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Oaksford, Mike, and Nick Chater. "Précis ofBayesian Rationality: The Probabilistic Approach to Human Reasoning." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 32, no. 1 (2009): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x09000284.

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AbstractAccording to Aristotle, humans are the rational animal. The borderline between rationality and irrationality is fundamental to many aspects of human life including the law, mental health, and language interpretation. But what is it to be rational? One answer, deeply embedded in the Western intellectual tradition since ancient Greece, is that rationality concerns reasoning according to the rules of logic – the formal theory that specifies the inferential connections that hold with certainty between propositions. Piaget viewed logical reasoning as defining the end-point of cognitive deve

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Deshmukh, Soham, Shuo Han, Hazim Bukhari, et al. "Audio Entailment: Assessing Deductive Reasoning for Audio Understanding." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 39, no. 22 (2025): 23769–77. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i22.34548.

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Recent literature uses language to build foundation models for audio. These Audio-Language Models (ALMs) are trained on a vast number of audio-text pairs and show remarkable performance in tasks including Text-to-Audio Retrieval, Captioning, and Question Answering. However, their ability to engage in more complex open-ended tasks, like Interactive Question-Answering, requires proficiency in logical reasoning- a skill not yet benchmarked. We introduce the novel task of Audio Entailment to evaluate an ALM's deductive reasoning ability. This task assesses whether a text description (hypothesis) o

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Klimek, Radosław. "A system for deduction-based formal verification of workflow-oriented software models." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 24, no. 4 (2014): 941–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amcs-2014-0069.

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Abstract The work concerns formal verification of workflow-oriented software models using the deductive approach. The formal correctness of a model’s behaviour is considered. Manually building logical specifications, which are regarded as a set of temporal logic formulas, seems to be a significant obstacle for an inexperienced user when applying the deductive approach. A system, along with its architecture, for deduction-based verification of workflow-oriented models is proposed. The process inference is based on the semantic tableaux method, which has some advantages when compared with tradit

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Yusifova, Parvina. "Scientific-Theoretical Methodological Problems of the Application of the Deduction Method in the Calculus of Considerations." Metafizika Journal 7, no. 1 (2024): 112–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33864/2617-751x.2024.v7.i1.112-131.

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The issue of the emergence of formal axiomatic logical systems due to the emergence of logical antinomies in formal axiomatic systems, specifically the issue of developing formal logical axiomatics in the calculus of considerations was investigated in the considered research. At the same time, in order to determine the characteristics of the implementation of the logical-methodological principles and provisions of the deductive reasoning obviously, conceptual-logical foundations of the calculus of considerations was studied and the main propositions of the calculus of considerations and the an

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Ferrigno, Stephen, Yiyun Huang, and Jessica F. Cantlon. "Reasoning Through the Disjunctive Syllogism in Monkeys." Psychological Science 32, no. 2 (2021): 292–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797620971653.

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The capacity for logical inference is a critical aspect of human learning, reasoning, and decision-making. One important logical inference is the disjunctive syllogism: given A or B, if not A, then B. Although the explicit formation of this logic requires symbolic thought, previous work has shown that nonhuman animals are capable of reasoning by exclusion, one aspect of the disjunctive syllogism (e.g., not A = avoid empty). However, it is unknown whether nonhuman animals are capable of the deductive aspects of a disjunctive syllogism (the dependent relation between A and B and the inference th

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Descher, Stefan. "Deduktive Schlüsse in der literaturwissenschaftlichen Praxis." Journal of Literary Theory 13, no. 2 (2019): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jlt-2019-0005.

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Abstract It is sometimes suggested that deductive reasoning has no place in literary studies, particularly when it comes to the justification of literary interpretations. The thesis is that deductive arguments (almost) never occur and deductive reasoning plays no or at most a marginal role in the actual practice of interpretation. In this essay I will argue that this thesis is false. Using counterexamples, it can be shown that deductive arguments are de facto used in the practice of literary interpretation. Although only an exemplary and not comprehensive investigation of argumentative practic

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Uddin, Md Kutub. "Physiotherapy management of a patient with diabetic neuropathy through different clinical reasoning process." Journal of Diabetes, Metabolic Disorders & Control 9, no. 2 (2022): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jdmdc.2022.09.00242.

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Background: Clinical Reasoning is the judgment method by this process therapist communicate with the patients, family members and others professional person. Moreover, clinical reasoning is valuable for assess patient assessment, diagnosis and treatment or complete management that’s why it makes a relationship between theory and clinical practice. Clinical Reasoning continually support a professional therapist to decide the best achievable management guide line through logical point of view. Aim: Aim of this study is to making professional judgment about a single case using hypothetico deducti

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Goel, Vinod, Brian Gold, Shitij Kapur, and Sylvain Houle. "Neuroanatomical Correlates of Human Reasoning." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 10, no. 3 (1998): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892998562744.

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One of the important questions cognitive theories of reasoning must address is whether logical reasoning is inherently sentential or spatial. A sentential model would exploit nonspatial (linguistic) properties of representations whereas a spatial model would exploit spatial properties of representations. In general terms, the linguistic hypothesis predicts that the language processing regions underwrite human reasoning processes, and the spatial hypothesis suggests that the neural structures for perception and motor control contribute the basic representational building blocks used for high-le

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Besson, Corine. "Logical Expressivism and Carroll's Regress." Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 86 (September 18, 2019): 35–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246119000043.

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AbstractIn this paper, I address a key argument in favour of logical expressivism, the view that knowing a logical principle such as Modus Ponens is not a cognitive state but a pro-attitude towards drawing certain types of conclusions from certain types of premises. The argument is that logical expressivism is the only view that can take us out of Lewis Carroll's Regress – which suggests that elementary deductive reasoning is impossible. I show that the argument does not hold scrutiny and that logical cognitivism can be vindicated. In the course of the discussion, I draw substantially on a com

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Blanchette, Isabelle, and Joanna Leese. "The Effect of Negative Emotion on Deductive Reasoning." Experimental Psychology 58, no. 3 (2011): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000090.

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In three experiments, we explore the link between peripheral physiological arousal and logicality in a deductive reasoning task. Previous research has shown that participants are less likely to provide normatively correct responses when reasoning about emotional compared to neutral contents. Which component of emotion is primarily involved in this effect has not yet been explored. We manipulated the emotional value of the reasoning stimuli through classical conditioning (Experiment 1), with simultaneous presentation of negative/neutral pictures (Experiment 2), or by using intrinsically negativ

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Woleński, Jan. "Legal Reasoning and Logic." Studia Humana 13, no. 3 (2024): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sh-2024-0016.

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Abstract This paper investigates the basis arguments of so-called legal logic and their relation to logic in its standard meaning. There is no doubt that legal arguments belong to logic in the wide sense (sensu largo), but their reduction to schemes of formal logic (logica sensu stricto) is a controversial issue. It can be demonstrated that only some legal arguments fall under explicit rules of formal logic, that is, having a deductive character. Most such reasoning is fallible, and its correctness depends on appealing to extra-logical principles taken from legal norms. For instance, if we say

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Besson, Corine. "XIII—Knowing How to Reason Logically." Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 121, no. 3 (2021): 327–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arisoc/aoab011.

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Abstract In this paper, I examine Gilbert Ryle’s claim that ordinary competence with logical principles or rules is a kind of knowing how, where such knowledge is understood as a skill, a multi-track disposition. Ryle argues that his account of ordinary logical competence helps avoid Lewis Carroll’s famous regress argument (Carroll 1895), which suggests that elementary deductive reasoning might be impossible. Indeed, Carroll’s regress is the central motivation for Ryle’s account. I argue that this account is inadequate on two counts: it cannot serve to articulate the way ordinary reasoners mig

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Hernández Ortiz, Héctor. "A real argument to defy classical logic." Principia: an international journal of epistemology 28, no. 1 (2024): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1808-1711.2024.e96699.

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In this paper, an argument by Fisher (2004) is formalized and evaluated by means of some tools of classical logic. The argument presented by Fisher is a version of a piece of reasoning of great historical importance known as Pascal’s Wager. According to Fisher, “this is a fascinating piece of reasoning. It is complex and important and hard to handle”. Here is shown that, although formal logical analysis has limitations to evaluate everyday deductive arguments, it is perfectly capable to formalize and evaluate Fisher’s argument. This should show that its usefulness is undeniable.

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Kusumo, Galih, Dawud Dawud, Sumadi Sumadi, and Imam Agus Basuki. "COGNITIVE STRATEGIES FOR CRITICAL THINKING IN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS' ARGUMENTATIVE WRITING." LLT Journal: A Journal on Language and Language Teaching 28, no. 1 (2025): 438–59. https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.v28i1.9463.

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This study aimed to examine the cognitive strategies of critical thinking in high school students' argumentative writing. Despite extensive research on critical thinking and argumentative writing, there is a lack of in-depth analysis of the specific cognitive strategies employed by high school students in their argumentative essays. Using a case study approach, data from 120 students at SMAN 2 Wonosari were collected through document analysis. Four findings related to the cognitive strategy of critical thinking were obtained in this study. (1) Interpretation is realised through the author's po

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Kaplan, Orhan. "Does Algebra Curriculum Develop Cognitively Advanced Critical Minds? Comparative Analysis of Türkiye and the U.S. Mathematics Textbooks." Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 24, no. 3 (2025): 1297–320. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.1592018.

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Türkiye and the United States have the largest mathematics score gaps between bottom- and top-performing eighth-grade students compared to other countries in the 2019 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). Yet, the U.S. students, on average, have higher mathematics achievement. To explore this difference, this study aims to assess the alignment of Algebra content, the incorporation of higher cognitive demands and dimensions of algebraic critical thinking (namely, logical thinking, argumentation, deductive reasoning, critique, and critical judgment) in 6th to 8th grade m

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Suharto, Mochamad Try, and Siti Chotimah. "KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN MATEMATIK SISWA MTs." JPMI (Jurnal Pembelajaran Matematika Inovatif) 1, no. 3 (2018): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/jpmi.v1i3.p347-354.

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The reasoning is the ability to find a way to get the truth. In terminology, logic is the science that governs the process of human thinking so that the results presented can reach the truth. So it can be concluded also that by reasoning, humans can make an argument that is absolute and can be accepted by others through logical thinking. This research was conducted to determine the mathematical reasoning ability of MTs class 8 students on Triangle and Quadrilateral material based on indicators of mathematical reasoning ability that is to draw a logical conclusion and compose an argument, analo

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Speechley, W. J., C. B. Murray, R. M. McKay, M. T. Munz, and E. T. C. Ngan. "A failure of conflict to modulate dual-stream processing may underlie the formation and maintenance of delusions." European Psychiatry 25, no. 2 (2010): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.05.012.

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AbstractBackgroundDual-stream information processing proposes that reasoning is composed of two interacting processes: a fast, intuitive system (Stream 1) and a slower, more logical process (Stream 2). In non-patient controls, divergence of these streams may result in the experience of conflict, modulating decision-making towards Stream 2, and initiating a more thorough examination of the available evidence. In delusional schizophrenia patients, a failure of conflict to modulate decision-making towards Stream 2 may reduce the influence of contradictory evidence, resulting in a failure to corre

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Gabbay, Dov M., Uri Schild, and Esther David. "The Talmudic Logic Project, Ongoing Since 2008." Logica Universalis 13, no. 4 (2019): 425–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11787-019-00228-y.

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AbstractWe describe the state of the Talmudic Logic project as of end of 2019. The Talmud is the most comprehensive and fundamental work of Jewish religious law, employing a large number of logical components centuries ahead of their time. In many cases the basic principles are not explicitly formulated, which makes it difficult to formalize and make available to the modern student of Logic. This project on Talmudic Logic, aims to present logical analysis of Talmudic reasoning using modern logical tools. We investigate principles of Talmudic Logic and publish a series of books, one book or mor

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Fangmeier, Thomas, Markus Knauff, Christian C. Ruff, and Vladimir Sloutsky. "fMRI Evidence for a Three-Stage Model of Deductive Reasoning." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 18, no. 3 (2006): 320–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2006.18.3.320.

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Deductive reasoning is fundamental to science, human culture, and the solution of problems in daily life. It starts with premises and yields a logically necessary conclusion that is not explicit in the premises. Here we investigated the neurocognitive processes underlying logical thinking with event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. We specifically focused on three temporally separable phases: (1) the premise processing phase, (2) the premise integration phase, and (3) the validation phase in which reasoners decide whether a conclusion logically follows from the premises. We found

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Opal, Steven M., and Eleni Patrozou. "Translational research in the development of novel sepsis therapeutics: Logical deductive reasoning or mission impossible?" Critical Care Medicine 37, Supplement (2009): S10—S15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0b013e3181921497.

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Supriyati, Yetti. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT OF REASONING ABILITY ON HOTS FOR PHYSICS LEARNING." JISAE: Journal of Indonesian Student Assessment and Evaluation 9, no. 2 (2023): 188–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jisae.v9i2.39933.

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The purpose of this study is to develop an assessment instrument of reasoning ability on HOTS-based science learning assessment model on the Primary School Education Program’s students. The research method used is a research and development method. This method developed the evaluation model of HOTS-based science learning assessment that has the characteristics to measure the ability of deductive hypothesis between variables, to predict phenomenom represent it with logical thinking. Moreover to analyze theoretical statement by using if-then provison. HOTS-based science learning assessment model

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Mustafa M. Bodrick, Mutlaq Almutairi, Aws A. Obaid, et al. "Approaching the Construction of Arguments in Postgraduate Education Programs." British Journal of Teacher Education and Pedagogy 4, no. 2 (2025): 10–14. https://doi.org/10.32996/bjtep.2025.4.2.2.

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Constructing arguments, applying logical reasoning, and developing intellectual skills are fundamental to academic success in postgraduate education and qualitative research. The study objective of this paper aims at critically analyzing argument construction, logical reasoning, and intellectual skill development as fundamental components of postgraduate education and qualitative research. The analysis highlights the importance of these elements in fostering critical engagement, advancing knowledge, and contributing to scholarly discourse. The paper draws on academic literature to offer a nuan

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Legris, Javier, and Mariana Olezza. "Mechanisms, deduction, and sesiosis: Charles S . Peirceon “logical Machines”." Signos Filosoficos 26, no. 51 (2024): 08–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24275/sfilo.v26n51.01.

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Charles S. Peirce was interested on logical machines developed in the late 19th century and discussed whether they could develop the authentic semiotic processes indispensable for deductive reasoning. Is it possible for machines to have a genuine capacity to carry out inferences? In this paper, Peirce's arguments are analyzed, who argued that deduction, in general, cannot be reduced to mechanical factors. To this end, reference will be made to the idea of theorematic reasoning, which is fundamental for mathematical proofs and goes beyond mechanical procedures. The idea of semiosis in Peirce wi

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Nevelska-Hordieieva, Olena Petrivna, and Sofiya Dmitrievna Karnayshenko. "THE LOGICAL ESSENCE OF ABDUCTION AS A METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION OF VERSIONS." Bulletin of Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University. Series:Philosophy, philosophy of law, political science, sociology 53, no. 2 (2022): 120–32. https://doi.org/10.21564/2663-5704.53.258158.

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<em>The article is devoted to the study of the main points of abduction. Pierce's abduction is tried to be interpreted as a logical reasoning, which is responsible for creating explanatory hypotheses. Abduction - the search for a single factor that explains the causal phenomenon. the process of abduction consists of three stages: result - cause - explanation. Analysis of works of art shows that a number of considerations that have traditionally been considered deductive are abductions. Abduction is not used enough, as it remains unknown to both practitioners and scientists.</em>

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OBINECHE, Kelvin. "A Critique of Immaunel Kant's Ontological Argument on the Existence of God and Human Fanatical Tendencies." International Journal of Religions and Peacebuilding 2, no. 3 (2025): 43–57. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15548718.

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This paper is a critique of Immanuel Kant ontological argument on the existence of God and human fanatical tendencies. Fanatics’ thinking is excessively rigid. The belief in its immediate and extraordinary communion with a higher nature. Immanuel Kant lived within the medieval philosophical era, an era marked with lots of ontological argument about the existence of God. The argument appropriated by fanatics’ lies within their core theological belief and doctrine. The mission within is to advance the values of their supreme communion with God which provides justification for its int

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