Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Logique flous'
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Quach, Robert P. "Identification d'un modèle flou appliquée à un problème de classification." Saint-Etienne, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STET4006.
Full textIn this thesis, we want to identify the model of a complex system. After the description of the type of model that we use, we describe the approach which allows to identify it. This approach consists on the one hand to make a fuzzy clustering, and on the other hand to project the estimated clusters in the axis to generate the Fuzzy Inference System. The used clustering method is the Subtractive Clustering. Our first contribution is the extension of this method firstly to reduce the problems related to the data dimension, next to make the determination of the parameter value easier, and finally to identify different size clusters in the aim to increase the model parsimony. . . [etc. ]
Macé, Sébastien. "Composition manuscrite interactive et interprétation à la volée de documents structurés en ligne." Rennes, INSA, 2008. ftp://ftp.irisa.fr/techreports/theses/2008/mace.pdf.
Full textThe subject of this PhD thesis is the interpretation of structured documents, such as musical scores, electrical sketches, etc. , drawn with a pen on a sensitive surface. We exploit on-the-fly interpretation of hand-drawn strokes, i. E. Progressively, as they are added to the document, and provide a visual feedback to the user. We present the DALI method. Its first concept is a new class of visual grammars: its permits to model structured documents and the relative positioning of the symbols it contains. Le second concept is the hand-drawn stroke parser associated to these grammars. It exploits the formalized knowledge and the interaction with the user to make the most sensible decision. The result of these works have been used to design the Script&Go “Electrical Sketches” application which is already commercialized and used daily by a hundred of technicians
Berriah, Said. "Contrôle de l'équilibre et de la trajectoire d'une bicyclette télécommandée par la logique floue." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2000.
Find full textTruck, Isis. "Approches symbolique et floue des modificateurs linguistiques et leur lien avec l'agrégation : Application : le logiciel flous." Reims, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REIMS022.
Full textTirmant, Hélène. "Synthèse de lois de commande pour les modèles flous de type Takagi-Sugeno : application à un prototype de véhicule à deux roues." Valenciennes, 2004. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/81a56323-89dd-486d-8df5-61159b989971.
Full textThis document is divided in two main parts, a theoric one, which was developped in the LAMIH, and an application, in collaboration with the INRIA, Rocquencourt. As concern the theoric part, the non linear systems are represented by T-S fuzzy models. The stability analysis is based on the Lyapunov functions. By using quadratic Lyapunov functions, some new control laws perform the results find in the litterature, concerning the classical CDF (Compensation and Division for Fuzzy models) control law and concerning the robust PDC (Parallel Distributed Compensation)control law, based on uncertain T-S models. We give some results to obtain a fuzzy observer in the case of the premisses are non measurables. The results are either directly or by using some relaxations, in a LMI (Linear Matrix Inequalities) form and are solved efficiently. The application is based on the inverted pendulum principle and is a two wheeled vehicle named B2. Its goal is to reduce the problems due to the vehicles in the center of the towns. A T-S fuzzy model has been developped from the prototype parameters. Some robust PDC control laws, with and without observers were realised. A fuzzy observer helps to reject the perturbations. A comparison with a linear law and some robustness tests were presented. The results are good, the B2 is stabilised and the speed follows the state point given by a joystick
Beldjehem, Mokhtar. "Un apport à la conception de systèmes hybrides neuro-flous par algorithmes de résolution d'équations de relations floues en min-max : le système Fennec." Aix-Marseille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX22073.
Full textRannou, Éric. "Modélisation explicative de connaissances à partir de données." Toulouse 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU30290.
Full textMartienne, Emmanuelle. "Eagle : Un système pour la découverte interactive de descriptions de concepts basé sur la théorie des ensembles approximatifs." Nantes, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NANT2007.
Full textBonnay, Frédéric. "Contribution de la logique floue à la conception et à la réalisation de systèmes copilotes de guidage immatériel." Compiègne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001COMP1364.
Full textSerrurier, Mathieu. "Programmation logique inductive floue et possibilité : gagner en expressivité, adaptabilité, ou en efficacité." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30277.
Full textThis thesis is about different ways for using possibilistic logic and fuzzy sets in inductive logic programming (ILP). An original ILP algorithm based on simulated annealing is proposed as a basis algorithm for experimentations. Two ways have been chosen for the using of fuzzy sets in ILP. First, fuzzy sets are used for describing rules which have not crisp counterparts such as gradual rules or certainty rules. Fuzzy sets may be also used for improving robustness of rules with respect to variations when discretization of numerical attributes is needed. Moreover, an algorithm for inducing rules together with its implication operator is also presented. Possibilistic logic is also used in two different ways in ILP: for dealing with exceptions (misclassification) in classical ILP problem by taking advantage of the non monotonic properties of possibilistic logic or for dealing with weighted databases
Kinkielele, Dieudonné. "Vérification de la cohérence des bases de connaissances floues." Chambéry, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CHAMS029.
Full textFatene, Mohammed. "Contribution à la théorie des expertons. Sous-ensembles flous de type 2 et 3." Compiègne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001COMP1374.
Full textNakoula, Yassar. "Apprentissage des modèles linguistiques flous, par jeu de règles pondérées." Chambéry, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CHAMS018.
Full textBruant, Marc. "Développement et paramétrage de contrôleurs flous multicritères du confort d'ambiance." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0117.
Full textThe evaluation of comfort is both complex since it includes many different interrelated parameters and imprecise in the indices used to describe it. Indoor climate control by means of classical techniques is thus difficult to implement in practice. The aim of this work is therefore to demonstrate the assets of fuzzy logic for multicriteria indoor climate control. This study actually focuses on the thermal comfort and indoor air quality aspects only. After a description of the fundamentals of these comfort aspects and of control in general and fuzzy control in particular, we will stress the importance of high-performance tuning strategies for the implementation of fuzzy controllers in real buildings. This will be illustrated with the example of indoor air quality control in a naturally ventilated building. A method based on genetic algorithms is finally selected as a very promising technique thanks to its easy implementation and the quality of the results obtained with it. We than apply fuzzy control and this new tuning strategy to the coupled control of indoor air quality and thermal comfort in a real test cell. Numerical simulations show that the fuzzy control outperforms classical techniques and brings to the fore the importance of expert rule predefinition and tuning. This tuned controller is than tested in the test cell and evaluated by 20 occupants. Results confirm the applicability of this technique and demonstrate the potential for future developments
Cerrada-Lozada, Mariela. "Sur les modèles flous adaptatifs dynamiques." Toulouse, INSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ISAT0021.
Full textThis work deals with the proposition of an adaptive fuzzy model with dynamical membership functions. The identification of the parameters of these membership functions is performed by a on-line reinforcement learning-based algorithm. This approach takes into account the system variables dynamic by incorporating the mean value and the variance, at time t, of the input and output variables of the fuzzy model into its membership functions. By this way, the fuzzy sets associated to the fuzzy variables, are relocated on the domain of discourse according to the sampled mean and variance values; thus, a disjointed partition of the fuzzy sets of the fuzzy model could be avoid. The dynamical property of the proposed fuzzy models is an asset in fuzzy control problems in case of time-varying nonlinear systems, for example. Classical examples related to the identification of time-varying nonlinear functions show the capabilities of the dynamical fuzzy models. An application to predictive control has been developed using the fuzzy model as one step ahead predictor and the reinforcement learning in the optimization problem of this type of control scheme. Finally, a discussion about the use of the information provided by the dynamical membership functions is presented in order to accomplish diagnosis and supervision tasks at upper levels
Fiol, Jean-Charles. "Logique floue dans un système expert de diagnostic d'entreprise." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010041.
Full textDefl2 is an expert system designed for the medium term analysis of a company. A preliminary study has demonstrated that it is necessary to put aside the obligation to settle all propositions on the basis of true or false. The original aspect of this work consists in a particular approach of artificial reasoning in the area of company management. This involves the use of the theory of fuzzy sub-groups and the theory of the possibilities concerning the representation of knowledge and the application of gradual reasoning. The rules, which include deductive knowledge, are written to make use of linguistic analysis, and process imprecise and uncertain information. The meta-rules include procedural knowledge and ensure the piloting of the system, by controlling the comparison of fuzzy data; the optimal use of all the rules regrouped into specific modules is achieved by means of repetition
Perrot, Nathalie. "Maîtrise des procédés alimentaires et théorie des ensembles flous." Massy, ENSIA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EIAA0075.
Full textEksioglu, Kamil Murat. "Modélisation de la dépendance contextuelle des concepts flous : la structure SFC." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2000.
Find full textGillet, Aymeric Postaire Jack-Gérard Botte-Lecocq Claudine. "Détection des modes par opérateurs morphologiques flous pour la segmentation d'images couleurs." Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/175.
Full textN° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3585. Résumé en français et en anglais. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. p. [141]-144. Liste des publications. Index.
Tan, Easter. "Étude comparative de différentes structures de contrôleurs flous." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL143N.
Full textBartolin, Robert. "Aide au diagnostic médical par mesures de comparaisons floues et pouvoir séparateur : approche linguistique des profils protéiques inflammatoires biologiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX21909.
Full textTouati, Youcef. "Contribution à la commande des systèmes complexes selon une approche orientée agents neuros-flous." Paris 12, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA120027.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis deals with adaptive control of complex robotics systems and treats, particularly, the problem of force control. The complex modeling of such systems along with the large number of control parameters, limit the application field of a conventional approaches and lead us to prospect new control approaches such as Neural Networks (NN) and Fuzzy Inference Systems (FIS). Although, NN often gives good simulation or experimentation results, however, this approach requires an input/output reference set and suffers from the absence of interpretability of system dynamics behavior. At the opposite to NN, the FIS approach permits, on one hand, to exploit the available knowledge without requiring an analytical model, which is difficult to obtain, and on the other hand, to translate the dynamics behavior into an expert valuation rules expressed in a simple language. In this framework, two contributions are presented. The first one consists in proposing a FIS conception methodology for identification and control. The second one consists in the generation and optimization of fuzzy controllers using clustering method based on an inclusion concept. This concept permits to build a knowledge base exhibiting a reasonable size and legible and interpretable rules, without loss of accuracy. The proposed approach has been validated in simulation on 2-DOF planar robot executing a following contour task according to an adaptive external force control. The efficiency of the proposed approach has been proved from time and error convergence point of view
Hugerot, Jean-Luc. "Aide à la prise de décision en gestion : application de la logique floue." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF10232.
Full textThis research consists in understanding the decision-making modalities in a social and human environment, and therefore, in an irrational and uncertain context. The decision-making scheme adopted is the one put forward by H. A. Simon, since it is general enough and accepted as a canonical model of the decision. A state of art, of the analysis context and the tools, allowing the representation of the knowledge and beliefs, has been carried out. It includes the “classical” logic approaches allowing the reasoning about issues ranging from “political-type” decisions, which are very poorly structured, to “algorithm-type” decisions, which are fully structured and entirely programmable. The tool adopted that allows the reasoning about fuzzy logic: sensed by the philosopher M. Black, whose concept about the uncertainly of belonging has been developed by L. Zadeh, and the theory of possibilities by D. Dubois & H. Prade, and also the “expertons” by A. Kauffman which allow the valuation of expert knowledge. A model is put forward. In the context of H. A. Simon’s four phases in decision-making, it allows to generalize the treatment of the main types of structures of issues about management processes with the help of the fuzzy logic. Several examples are given with the practical modalities of application. An example of a concrete use of the model is studied. A generalization of the concept is carried out as a new decision mode in management: the fuzzy decision-making, both are targeted. Another example is given with the global determination of the transaction cost of a firm, targeted with the help of two criteria stemming from human resources management and strategic marketing
Bonachera, Fanny. "Les triplets pharmacophoriques flous : développement et applications." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10145/document.
Full textIn chemoinformatics, compounds can be described by encoding their features as numeric data. This allows in silico comparisons of two molecules (ie calculating distance between two vectors) in order to discover new druglike compounds or to predict their activity. We developed our descriptors, combining structural information but also chemical properties and adding chemically-relevant improvements. The 2D-FPTs (bidimensional fuzzy tricentric pharmacophores) are based on the enumeration of 3 pharmacophoric features points, combined with the topological distances between each of these features. Furthermore, the 2D-FPTs introduce two improvements: the fuzzy mapping of molecular triplets on basis pharmacophoric triplets (this mimics the natural tolerance of receptors towards their ligands), and pKa-dependant pharmacophore flagging (which takes into account the proteolytic equilibrium). Moreover, a new similarity calculation formula is introduced, which accounts for the simultaneus absence of a triplet as a less-constraining indicator of similarity than its simultaneous presence. The fuzzy triplets development is detailed, then, several applications are studied. The SQS (Stochastic QSAR Sampler) is used to compare the ability of 2D-FPTs to build QSAR models to other descriptors. Then, the use of FPTs in QSAR studies was deeply examined and compared with existing descriptors. Finally, they are used to build self-organizing maps (SOM), in order to use the maps as an attempt to accelerate similarity searches in a database
Rossazza, Jean-Paul. "Utilisation de hiérarchies de classes floues pour la représentation de connaissances imprécises et sujettes à exceptions : le système "SORCIER"." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30106.
Full textGillet, Aymeric. "Détection des modes par opérateurs morphologiques flous pour la segmentation d'images couleurs." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-Gillet.pdf.
Full textRondeau, Laurent. "Identification des systèmes par modèles flous linguistiques : prise en compte des aspects numériques et symboliques." Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10278.
Full textBuilding models from numeric and symbolic information relating to system behavior is the subject of this thesis. In the first chapter, the approach used in the domain of identification which is mainly based upon numeric information is compared with the expert system approach which is based on symbolic information. Then, we propose a strategy which takes into account both types of information by using a linguistic fuzzy model. Parametric estimation of these kinds of models from numeric information leads to two possible methods, classical or fuzzy. The second, which is chosen for our development, has the advantage of highlighting two particular criteria for the choice of the model and the parametric estimation method. The second chapter presents the analysis of linguistic fuzzy models and parametric estimation methods, with respect to the criteria defined in chapter 1. We demonstrate that only one model verifies all criteria, the single-input single-output gradual rules model. We also emphasize that no parametric estimation method satisfies the specified conditions. In the third chapter, the gradual rules model is extended to the multi-inputs single-output case. A symbolic form of this model is then proposed in order to define a parametric estimation strategy which fulfills our criteria and is based on the resolution of fuzzy relational equations. A methodology of identification which takes into account numeric and symbolic information is proposed. This is applied to the modelling of a static non-linear system which showcases the main characteristics of the method
Varkiani, Shahriar. "Application des réseaux neuronaux flous à l'identification et la protection d'un transformateur triphasé /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1998. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textPassaquay, Dominique. "Modélisation et commande de processus multivariables à base de logique floue : application à la commande de moteurs thermiques." Toulouse, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAT0022.
Full textLaurent, Anne. "Bases de données multidimensionnelles floues et leur utilisation pour la fouille de données." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066426.
Full textLegastelois, Bénédicte. "Extension pondérée des logiques modales dans le cadre des croyances graduelles." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066516/document.
Full textIn the field of reasoning models, many approaches are based on modal logics, which allow to formalise the non-factual reasoning, as belief, knowledge or necessity reasoning. A weighted extension for these modal logics aims at modulating the considered non-factual elements. In particular, we examine the weighted extension of modal logics for graded beliefs: we study their semantical and axiomatical issues related to manipulating such modulated beliefs. Therefore, this thesis works are organised in three parts. We first propose a proportional semantics which extends the Kripke semantics, classically used for modal logics. We also study modal axioms regarding the proposed semantics. Then, we propose a fuzzy set model for representing and manipulating belief degrees. We finally use these two formal models in two different applications: a model checking tool for weighted modal formulae and an artifical player for a cooperative game called Hanabi in which decision making is based on graded belief reasoning
LACROSE, Véronique. "Réduction de la complexité des contrôleurs flous : applications à la commande multivariable." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010030.
Full textRagot, Nicolas. "MÉLIDIS : Reconnaissance de formes par modélisation mixte intrinsèque/discriminante à base de systèmes d'inférence floue hiérarchisés." Phd thesis, Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10078.
Full textElkosantini, Sabeur. "Contribution à la modélisation de la dynamique du comportement d'opérateurs humains." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00369774.
Full textLes hypothèses proposées dans le modèle sont par la suite testées dans un environnement de simulation permettant de reproduire une tâche de contrôle de la qualité de certains produits dans un atelier de production. Les résultats des expériences obtenus ont été utilisés pour la construction d'un modèle de comportement.
Racoceanu, Daniel. "Contribution à la Surveillance des Systèmes de Production en Utilisant l'Intelligence Artificielle." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Franche-Comté, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011708.
Full textNos contributions se sont orientées précisément vers la mise au point de systèmes de surveillance dynamiques intelligents, en abordant des problématiques liées à la détection dynamique et au diagnostic curatif et préventif. Les techniques de l'intelligence artificielle ont ainsi constituées la colonne vertébrale de nos études, avec des travaux allant de la conception théorique et le test de nouveaux outils de surveillance dynamique, jusqu'à la validation, le prototypage et l'exploitation industrielle des concepts développés.
Dans le domaine de la surveillance dynamique, une de nos contributions majeures correspond à l'introduction d'un réseau de neurones dynamique innovant, le Réseau Récurrent à base de Fonctions radiales (RRFR). En faisant appel aux propriétés dynamiques des architectures localement récurrentes, le RRFR se caractérise par une approche de reconnaissance locale – essentielle en surveillance industrielle –, tout en permettant – de part ses caractéristiques dynamiques intrinsèques – une détection précoce des paliers de dégradation et une robustesse vis-à-vis des fausses alarmes. L'existence d'une mémoire statique et d'une mémoire dynamique facilement paramétrables au sein de la même structure, confère au réseau une souplesse d'utilisation très intéressante, ainsi qu'un accès à des techniques d'apprentissage allégées. Par ailleurs, dans le but d'augmenter la rapidité et l'efficacité de l'apprentissage, une version améliorée de l'algorithme des k-moyennes, permet d'améliorer la robustesse des algorithmes et de se situer dans la zone optimale de « bonne généralisation ».
La prise en compte de l'incertain fait l'objet d'une deuxième partie de nos travaux, située dans la continuité de la première. Dans ce sens, l'utilisation de la logique floue en surveillance dynamique se montre très intéressante de part la proximité par rapport au raisonnement et à l'expérience des opérateurs et ingénieurs, ainsi que de part la possibilité d'assurer une traçabilité essentielle pour le retour d'expérience en maintenance. Un outil de type réseau de Petri flou dédié à la surveillance (RdPFS) des systèmes de production a ainsi constitué l'objet de cette étude. Cet outil, basé essentiellement sur la modélisation floue de la variable "instant d'apparition" de l'événement discret, est muni d'un mécanisme d'interfaçage intégré, inspiré des réseaux de Petri à synchronisations internes, permettant la communication entre les outils de modélisation, de surveillance et de reprise. Dans un tel système, l'utilisation de la logique floue offre une souplesse d'utilisation et une dimension prédictive très intéressante. Basé sur un modèle RdPFS construit à partir des règles logiques induites par l'arbre de défaillance du système surveillé, nous avons montré sa capacité d'analyse dynamique des défauts, en utilisant une approche temporelle floue.
Dans nos travaux les plus récents, les avantages des outils neuronaux dynamiques et de la logique floue ont été mis à l'œuvre conjointement dans le cadre de systèmes hybrides neuro-flous d'aide à la surveillance. L'outil hybride ainsi proposé comporte deux parties, une première pour la détection dynamique – utilisant le RRFR amélioré essentiellement au niveau des algorithmes d'apprentissage dynamiques – et une deuxième pour le diagnostic curatif et prédictif, utilisant un réseau neuro-flou construit à partir de l'arbre de défaillance et de l'AMDEC du système / sous-système surveillé. Il est à noter que ce type de système de surveillance dynamique utilise l'approche abductive de recherche de cause – élément indispensable pour un diagnostic efficace. Par ailleurs, l'apprentissage dynamique permet de commencer l'activité de surveillance dynamique même en l'absence de données très consistantes, en enrichissant et affinant les symptômes et les causes associées (respectivement les degrés de crédibilité de celles-ci) au fur et à mesure du fonctionnement du système, grâce aux algorithmes neuronaux incorporés.
Parmi les verrous technologiques abordés lors de nos contributions, une place importante est accordée à la surveillance dynamique par apprentissage en ligne, en traitant des problèmes liés à la rapidité et la flexibilité de l'apprentissage, au temps de réponse, au traitement de grands flux de données, ainsi qu'aux méthodes de validation utilisant le test sur des benchmarks et le prototypage industriel.
Dans ce sens, l'exploitation industrielle du réseau récurrent à fonctions de base radiales a représenté une étape importante de nos travaux. Elle nous a permis la mise en œuvre d'une application de surveillance dynamique en temps réel d'un système, en utilisant l'apprentissage dynamique distant via le web. Mettant en évidence l'intérêt des techniques développées dans la réorganisation de l'activité de surveillance grâce aux nouvelles technologies, cette exploitation industrielle a donné lieu à un brevet d'invention, déposé en collaboration avec une SSII bisontine.
La conception de l'outil de surveillance neuro-flou a été menée en utilisant des spécifications UML. Cette approche a été initiée (étude, normalisation, spécification) dans le cadre du projet Européen PROTEUS/ITEA et finalisée (prototypage) dans le cadre d'un projet financé par l'ANVAR. Essentiels pour l'industrialisation des systèmes proposés, l'information de départ est considérée sous un format industriel classique (ADD, AMDEC, ...) et la mise à jour est assurée par une réelle ouverture du système traduite par des liens permanents avec les systèmes d'acquisition (capteurs, SCADA, ...) et les systèmes de gestion (GMAO, ...).
Dans le domaine de la e-maintenance, un défi considérable est constitué par le besoin de normalisation des plates-formes de e-maintenance, dans l'objectif d'arriver à terme à une génération automatique de ces plateformes, et à un standard qui pourra constituer un guide pour tous les constructeurs d'équipement soucieux d'intégrer leur produit dans une plate-forme de ce type. Du point de vue scientifique, il s'agit d'arriver à une génération automatique ou interactive d'une telle plate-forme, en fonction des services participants et du contexte d'utilisation. L'objectif est très ambitieux, car générateur de nouveaux services et de nouvelles opportunités commerciales. Il constitue l'objectif principal du projet européen SHIVA, dans lequel se retrouvent les partenaires les plus actifs de PROTEUS, avec – mise a part des partenaires déjà existants comme Cegelec et Schneider – des partenaires industriels nouveaux, tout aussi prestigieux, comme la Division des Constructions Navales et Airbus.
Concernant les perspectives de nos travaux, s'inscrivant dans le cadre des mêmes tendances de décentralisation et de migration de l'intelligence vers les niveaux opérationnels, une direction d'étude intéressante est constituée par le domaine des réseaux de capteurs intelligents. Cette perspective pourra ainsi intégrer des tendances technologiques liées aux connecteurs intelligents (« smart connectors ») basés sur le multiplexage et sur les courants porteurs, afin de réduire le volume de câblage, des points de connexion et afin de mieux prendre en considération les contraintes de sûreté de fonctionnement de ce type de réseaux, contraintes qui – dans un avenir très proche – seront vraisemblablement déterminantes.
Par ailleurs, dans un contexte régional, lié à la création du pôle de compétitivité « microtechniques », la problématique de la fabrication des microsystèmes est une problématique présentant un intérêt croissant. En effet, de nombreux prototypes de microsystèmes sont proposés en phase de prototype, avec une création liée à une manière plutôt artisanale, tout à fait compréhensible – vu les technologies innovantes utilisées -, mais qui ne se prête pas à une commercialisation de ces produits. De ce fait, l'étude des microsystèmes de production semble être un domaine porteur et permettant de garder des emplois européens – souvent menacés par la délocalisation.
Enfin, le diagnostic à partir de l'imagerie médicale en utilisant les techniques de l'intelligence artificielle me semble un domaine où mes compétences en recherche (surveillance par IA) et en enseignement (traitement de l'image) peuvent se donner la main pour aborder une thématique nouvelle, présentant un grand intérêt dans le domaine des biotechnologies, dans lequel la France est bien engagée depuis un certain nombre d'années. Cette perspective correspond au projet de recherche propose dans le cadre de ma délégation CNRS au laboratoire IPAL – Image Perception, Access and Learning (actuellement FRE, UMI-CNRS a partir de 2006) de Singapour.
Biletska, Krystyna. "Estimation en temps réel des flux origines-destinations dans un carrefour à feux par fusion de données multicapteurs." Compiègne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010COMP1893.
Full textThe quality of the information about origins and destinations (OD) of vehicles in a junction influences the performance of many road transport systems. The period of its update determines the temporal scale of working of these systems. We are interested in the problem of reconstituting of the OD of vehicles crossing a junction, at each traffic light cycle, using the traffic light states and traffic measurements from video sensors. Traffic measurements, provided every second, are the vehicle counts made on each entrance and exit of the junction and the number of vehicles stopped at each inner section of the junction. Thses real date are subject to imperfections. The only existent method, named ORIDI, which is capable of resolving this problem doesn’t take into account the data imperfection. We propose a new method modelling the date imprecision by the theory of fuzzy subsets. It can be applied to any type of junction and is independent of the type of traffic light strategy. The method estimates OD flows from the vehicle conservation law represented by an underdetermined system of equations constructed in a dynamic way at each traffic light cycle using to the fuzzy a-timed Petri nets. A unique solution is found thanks to eight different methods which introduce estimate in the form of point, interval or fuzzy set. Our study shows that the crisp methods are accurate like ORIDI, but more robust when one of the video sensors is broken down. The interval and fuzzy methods, being less accurate than ORIDI, try to guarantee that the solution includes the true value
Verley, Gilles. "Contribution à la validation des réseaux connexionnistes en reconnaissance des formes." Tours, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOUR4024.
Full textBoudraa, Abdel-Ouahab. "Segmentation d'images en logique floue : application à la ventriculographie isotopique, à l'imagerie par résonance magnétique et à la tomographie par émission de positons." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1T128.
Full textDutu, Liviu-Cristian. "Analyse de signaux vibrotactiles et modèles flous de la perception : application aux interfaces tactiles pour l'automobile et l'aéronautique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAA002/document.
Full textIn the field of automotive and aeronautical industries, human interaction with touch interfaces can be improved by using vibratory feedback or haptic effects, directly delivered to the user finger upon screen interaction. This new approach, which pro-actively stimulates the tactile sense, provides a safer and reliable way to interact with touch interfaces. Moreover, complex vibrational patterns can be designed in order to offer unique tactile sensations and thus increase user’s quality of experience. In this context, our first contribution focuses on a time-frequency analysis of vibrational patterns using the continuous wavelet transform of the signal delivered by the interface, in order to extract its most salient features, chosen based on a psychophysical study of the tactile sense, and which account for human perception. Using these features, our second contribution is a psychophysical model of vibrotactile perception developed using fuzzy logic and an original rule-base extraction method extending the classical Wang-Mendel approach. This model predicts the perceived comfort induced by a vibratory pattern according to its psychophysical properties, and shows good performances. The knowledge retrieved allowed the detection of several behavioral paradigms of vibrotactile perception, such as the effect of energy and texture. Our third contribution is the development of an ergonomic model of vibrotactile perception based on the evaluations of an automobile expert. Thanks to its good performances, the model was successfully adapted to the aeronautics area.The results of this thesis provide assistance to equipment suppliers by simplifying the conception of haptic effects intended to improve human interaction with touch interfaces
Bouteruche, François. "Description et exploitation du contexte spatial pour l’interprétation des tracés manuscrits : application à l’interprétation de gestes graphiques dans les méthodes de saisie de texte." Rennes, INSA, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ISAR0005.
Full textIn this thesis, we propose new characteristics to describe the spatial context of handwritten strokes and a new approach to the interpretation of strokes based on the combination of different viewpoints. Our contribution to the characterization of the context is the adaptation of Bloch’s relations of position to online signal. They qualify and quantify the position of a stroke with respect to a reference using the most relevant portions of the strokes. The advantages of our system of interpretation are its capabilities: to exploit the contextual information, morphological and perceptual, to model automatically this information, to generate different viewpoints using the same models of knowledge and to combine these different viewpoints. We also worked on the design and evaluation of the ergonomics of the input method DIGIME with the CRPCC of the University of Rennes 2
Cazier, Olivier. "Instabilités dynamiques de systèmes frottants en présence de variabilités paramétriques - Application au phénomène de crissement." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00830950.
Full textMansouri, Badr. "Contribution à la synthèse de lois de commandes en poursuite de trajectoire pour les systèmes flous de type Takagi Sugeno incertains." Reims, 2005. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000426.pdf.
Full textThis work deals with a fuzzy tracking control design for uncertain nonlinear dynamic system with external disturbances and using a TS (Takagi-Sugeno) fuzzy model description. In this case, a recurring problem is related to the LMI (Linear Matrix Inequality) formulation. In this way, we have synthesised a robust control law for TS fuzzy perturbed systems an uncertain perturbed systems based on H¥ performances. To specify the desired trajectory and consequently to ensure the tracking trajectory, we have used a reference model. The cases with and without fuzzy observers are either treated. The obtained results are presented in two approaches, BMI (Bilinear Matrix Inquality) and LMI one. This last approach shows the effectiveness of the numerical exploitation of the results. A second approach was also developed and relates to the same problem and based on a suboptimal control. The results in this case are also reformulated directly in LMI's terms
Mellouli, Nedra. "Raisonnement abductif flou : théorie et pratique." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066558.
Full textSilva, Bernardes Juliana. "Evolution et apprentissage automatique pour l'annotation fonctionnelle et la classification des homologies lointains en protéines." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00684155.
Full textKabeshova, Anastasiia. "Prédire la chute de la personne âgée : apports des modèles mathématiques non-linéaires." Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0045/document.
Full textFalls in the elderly are still a major issue in 2015 because they are associated with high rate of morbidity, mortality and disability, which affect the quality of life. From the patient’s perspective, it is still associated with high morbidity, mortality and disability, which affect the quality of life. The number of fallers requiring medical and/or social care is growing up due to aging population. This fact seems paradoxical since during the recent years the knowledge about the mechanisms of falls and the quality of interventions to support fallers significantly increased. This is largely based on our inability to predict correctly the risk of falling among the elderly person, knowing that this is the first step of any efficient and effective intervention strategies. Therefore it is necessary today to double our efforts in improving the prediction of falls. Nonetheless, new opportunities and advanced technologies provide to us the possibility of computerizing of medical data and research, and also to improve prediction of falls using new approaches. A fall should be considered as a chaotic event, and its prediction should be done via new mathematical models incorporating the feature of this behaviour. Thus, the methods ofartificial intelligence-based analysis seem to be an appropriate solution to analyse complex medical data. These artificial intelligence techniques have been already used in many medical areas, but rarely in the field of fall prediction. Artificial neural networks are the most commonly used methods while other promising techniques based on fuzzy logic are less often applied.Based on this observation we have formulated the hypothesis that non-linear mathematical models using artificial intelligence are the models, which are the most likely to achieve the bestquality of the prediction. The main objective of this thesis is to study the quality of theprediction of falls, recurrent or not, among the adults aged 65 years and more,applying neuralnetworks and fuzzy logic models, and comparing them either among themselves or with the linear mathematical models conventionally employed in the literature for fall prediction. The first cross-sectional study was conducted by using a decision tree to explore the risk of recurrent falls in various combinations of fall risk factors compared to a logistic regression model. The second study was designed to examine the efficiency of artificial neural networks (Multilayer Perceptron and Neuroevolution of Augmenting Topologies) to classify recurrent and nonrecurrent fallers by using a set of clinical characteristics corresponding to risk factors measured among seniors living in the community. Finally, in the third study we compared the results of different statistical methods (linear and nonlinear) in order to identify the risk of falls using 7 clinical variables, separating the collection mode (retrospective and prospective) of the fall and its recurrence. The results confirm our hypothesis showing that the choice of the mathematical model affects the quality of fall prediction. Nonlinear models, such as neural networks and fuzzy logic systems, are more efficient than linear models for the prediction of falls especially for recurrent falls. However, the results show that the balance between different criteria used to judge the quality of the forecast (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, area under the curve, positive and negative likelihood ratio, and accuracy) has not been always correct, emphasizing the need to continue the development of the models whose intelligence should specifically predict the fall
Liu, Taikai. "Implémentation de méthodes d'intelligence artificielle pour le contrôle du procédé de projection thermique." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01004807.
Full textMamboundou, Jerry. "Commande prédictive à base d'état adaptive indirecte supervisée par la logique floue." Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUES036.
Full textThe works presented in this dissertation are intended to maintain a control loop performance when the system to be controlled is linear and time-varying parameters. To do this, we suggest a discrete predictive control under inequality constraints, state modelbased, indirect adaptive which supervisor uses fuzzy logic. The parameters adjustment of the internal model is based on the recursive least-squares method. The intrinsic parameters adaptation of predictive controller (horizons of prediction, control and weighting of the control signal) is performed by the fuzzy logic supervisor on the basis of desired and real performances. Thus the analysis of control loops formed has established conditions of stability bounded input - bounded output. Finally the Hessian’s conditioning has been improved by introducing a dynamic exponential weighting in the cost function of predictive control. The proposed strategy has been applied in simulation to control different systems
Alilaouar, Abdeslame. "Contribution à l'interrogation flexible de données semi-structurées." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/90/.
Full textMany querying languages have been proposed to manipulate Semi-Structured Data (SSD) and to extract relevant information (in terms of structure and/or content) to the user. Such querying languages should take into account not only the content but also the underlying structure since it can completely change their relevance and adequacy with respect to the needs expressed by the user. However, not having prior knowledge and the heterogeneity of SSD structure makes classical database languages inadequate. The work undertaken on database flexible querying revealed that fuzzy logic is particularly well-suited for modelling the notion of flexibility and preferences according to human reasoning. In this sense, we propose a model of flexible query for SSD in general and XML documents, taking into account the content and the underlying structure of SSD. Fuzzy logic is used to represent the user's preferences on the content and structure of SSD. At the end of the evaluation process, every response is associated with a degree in the interval ]0. 1]. The more this degree is low, the answer seems less relevant. This degree is calculated using the degree of ownership and measures known similarity in information retrieval systems for content, and the minimum spanning tree for the structure. The proposed model has been reviewed and validated using PRETI Platform and INEX benchmark, thanks to the prototype that we've developped
Aceves, Lopez Alejandro. "Nouvelle approche de la commande non linéaire sous contraintes à partir de la logique floue : le contrôleur logique naturel." Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30139.
Full textGammoudi, Aymen. "Contribution à l'étude de l'exploitation des données temporelles en présence d'imperfections." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESMA0008/document.
Full textThis work focuses on the exploitation of temporal data in presence of imperfections. The aim is to define, design and develop an intelligent system for the interrogation of temporal databases where the time dimension (of relationships or entities) is defined in an imprecise and fuzzy way. This type of databases is frequently found in applications from the medical field, history and archive, planning, etc.We first recall the different formalisms used in the processing of temporal in formation, and then we present the previous work which has addressed the problem of managing and processing of imperfect temporal information in the field of databases.We describe then a first contribution related to the definition of a new model for the representation of imprecise temporal data. Extended Allen relations have been introduced as well as a set of composition rules for reasoning. This contribution has allowed developing a first prototype called Fuzz-TIME for processing queries containing fuzzy /imprecise time criteria. One of the major interests of this system is that it exhibits a reasoning module to intelligently process a family of temporal queries of a complex nature.Most work on the exploitation and manipulation of temporal in formation considers that the temporal entities (i.e.,intervals) are defined in a precise (non-fuzzy) manner. ln the world of real applications, the bounds of the manipulated time intervals are often pervaded by imprecision. We have proposed a new semantics of Allen's temporal relations (i .e., Allen Tolerant Relations) in this context. The key element of this semantics is a suitably chosen relationship of tolerance. A third part of our work is devoted to the modeling of a new extension of Allen's temporal relations where the time intervals are interpreted in a conjunctive way. Finally, we describe the architecture of the Fuzz-TIME system and discuss the experimental study carried out to validate the proposed contributions