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Academic literature on the topic 'Logistique (Organisation) – Aspect de l'environnement'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Logistique (Organisation) – Aspect de l'environnement"
Darvish, Maryam. "Supply chain optimization : location, production, inventory and distribution." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28185.
Full textToday’s challenging and competitive global business environment forces companies to place a premium upon the performance of their supply chains. The key to success lies in understanding and managing several contradicting performance metrics. Companies are compelled to keep their supply chain costs low and to maintain the service level high. In this regard, integrated planning of important supply chain decisions such as location, procurement, production, inventory, and distribution has proved to be valuable in gaining efficiency and responsiveness. Two fundamental operations in supply chain management are production and distribution planning. Traditionally, mainly due to the high complexity and difficulty of these operations, they have been treated separately. This hierarchical or sequential decision making approach imposes high inventory holding cost, as in the traditional approach inventory plays an important role in timely satisfying the demand. However, in the era of supply chain cost reduction, it is becoming increasingly apparent that the interrelations between different decisions, and especially production and distribution decisions, can no longer be neglected. Although the research interest in the integrated supply chain planning has been recently growing, there is still much room to further improve and make the existing models more realistic. Throughout this research, we investigate different rich integrated problems. The richness of the models stems from real-world features such as delivery time windows, flexible network designs, and incorporation of environmental concerns. Our purpose is to highlight the values of integration, in terms of cost savings and greenhouse gas emission reduction. First, we describe, model, and solve a plant-customer, single product setting in which production and inventory are capacitated and inter-plant transshipment is allowed. The problem is flexible in terms of delivery due dates to customers, as we define a delivery time window. Using a large real dataset inspired from an industrial partner, we compare the integrated approach with several current practice scenarios. We use an exact method to find the solution of each scenario and study the trade-offs between cost and service level in a detailed sensitivity analysis. Our results indicate how the use of a synchronized and holistic approach to decision making provides abundant opportunities for logistics systems in general. We further extend our study by considering a multi-product and multi-echelon setting. In this problem, products are shipped to customers through a set of distribution centers, and the producer has control over their locations. In this study our network design is flexible since it may change over time. As the problem gets richer and more realistic, it also becomes more complex and difficult to solve. Better solutions from the integrated approach are obtained at the expense of higher implementation complexity and execution time. We describe and model the problem, and solve it with both integrated and sequential decision making approaches to indicate when the use of a more complex approach is beneficial. Our work provides insights on the value of the integrated approach compared to the sequential one. To highlight how the two types of flexibility, from the network design and from the delivery time windows, lead to economic savings, we describe, model, and solve an integrated flexible two-echelon location routing problem. In this problem a supplier delivers a commodity to the customers through a two-echelon supply network. Here, we also consider a penalty for each demand that is not satisfied within the pre-specified time window. The problem is studied in a richer setting, as the distribution is conducted via vehicle routing. The fourth part of this thesis addresses the environmental impacts of logistic decisions. Traditionally, supply chain optimization has merely concentrated on costs or the economic aspects of sustainability, neglecting its environmental and social aspects. Aiming to compare the effect of operational decisions not only on costs but also on greenhouse gas emissions, we reassess some well-known logistic optimization problems under new objectives. We study two integrated systems dealing with production, inventory, and routing decisions, in which a commodity produced at the plant is shipped to the retailers over a finite time horizon. We provide elaborated sensitivity analyses allowing us to gain useful managerial implications on the costs and emissions in integrated supply chains, besides important insights on the cost of being environmentally friendly. In this thesis, we aim not only to better understand the integrated logistics as a whole but also to provide useful operational tools for its exploitation. We propose new business models capable of enhancing supply chain performance while at the same time developing mathematical and technical implementation for its effective and efficient use. Keywords: Integrated optimization; Dynamic lot-sizing; Delivery time window; Location analysis; Distribution
Gaudreault, Catherine. "Minimizing greenhouse gas emissions in long haul transportation by synchronization, consolidation and coordination." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68160.
Full textThis thesis aims to define and quantify the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission emitted by our industrial partner’s logistics transportation network. Next to that, we detail several possible optimization scenarios in order to reduce its carbon footprint. This is done via mathematical optimization, in which the trips between the company and its various partners, from supply to delivery to the end customer, for different types of products and different carriers with different types of vehicles are considered. More specifically, our purpose is to describe and represent the difference between the current situation and the solution obtained by optimizing the network in terms of distance traveled, GHG emitted, consolidation of deliveries as well as production and stock needed. Following the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the results, we are able to provide numerous suggestions for improvements to the company with regard to the management of its internal and external transport. A number of key performance indicators are also evaluated, most importantly inventory and the number of trips. These are drastically reduced in our optimized scenario. To ensure optimal business results, we propose a two-step resolution model that includes mathematical modeling of the problem followed by manual improvement of the solution. In addition, the calculation methods used to measure GHGs emitted are based on the distance traveled as well as the capacity used of each vehicle, thus assigning vehicle usage to the company (while the remaining vehicle space is to be used by other companies when the carrier consolidates its operation). This allows us to estimate the emissions generated even when the construction of routes of different carriers is not exactly known. The coordination, consolidation and synchronization of the various trips related to the company’s activities allowed us to reduce the GHGs emitted by up to 23%, which translates into 3,438.64 tons of CO2e saved on a yearly basis, or 2,733,354 km. In addition, our observations of the results highlighted a multitude of recommendations regarding the use of carriers, the reduction of inventory and the control of transport flows within the company.
Sohrabi, Helia. "Physical internet-enabled hyperconnected distribution assessment." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26986.
Full textThe Physical Internet (PI) is an initiative that identifies several symptoms of logistics systems unsustainability and inefficiency and tackles them by proposing a novel paradigm called Hyperconnected Logistics. Similar to the Digital Internet, which connects thousands of personal and local computer networks, PI will connect the fragmented logistics systems of today. The main purpose is to enhance the performance of logistics systems from economic, environmental and social perspectives. Focusing specifically on the distribution system, this thesis questions the order of magnitude of the performance gain by exploiting the PI-enabled hyperconnected distribution. It is also concerned by the characterization of the hyperconnected distribution planning. To address the first question, an exploratory research approach based on optimization modeling is applied; first, the current and prospective distribution systems are modeled. Then, a set of realistic business samples are created, and their economic and environmental performance by targeting multiple social performances are assessed. A conceptual planning framework is proposed to support the decision making in the hyperconnected distribution system. Based on the results obtained by our investigation, it can be argued that a substantial gain can be achieved by shifting toward Hyperconnected Distribution. It is also revealed that the magnitude of the gain varies by business characteristics and the targeted social performance. Since the Physical Internet is a novel topic, chapter 1 briefly introduces PI and Hyperconnected Logistics. Chapter 2 discusses the research foundations, goal and methodology. It also describes the challenges of conducting this research and highlights the type of contributions aimed for. Chapter 3 presents the optimization models including a core distribution network design modeling approach. Influenced by the characteristics of the current and prospective distribution systems, three distribution system-driven models are developed. Chapter 4 engages with the characterization of the business samples, the modeling and calibration of the parameter that are employed in the models. The exploratory investigation results are presented in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 describes the hyperconnected distribution planning framework. Chapter 7 summarizes the content of the thesis and highlights the main contributions. Moreover, it identifies the research limitations and potential future research avenues.
Morin, François. "Planification collaborative dans l'environnement multiacteur public-privé des chaînes d'approvisionnement forestier du Québec : perspectives systémique, sociologique et informationnelle." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36621.
Full textCollaborative planning is seen as a fundamental component of supply chain management. However, forest stands heterogeneity and the distributed environment of Québec’s forestry industry make it difficult to implement effective collaborative planning. In this context, forest planners have to face a double challenge. On the one hand, they must implement strategic orientations and respect the financial constraints specific to their organizations. On the other hand, they must work together to coordinate their supplies with the other factories that share the same territory. Reconciling these two elements of forest planning makes this exercise difficult. It is complex to reconcile the desire for autonomy of each organization and the need to co-ordinate factories’ supply. To address this issue, we explored the potential benefits of systems integration for the forest sector. The literature on this concept of organization and management of supply chains shows significant benefits for other manufacturing sectors. However, there is little evidence in the literature of the contributions of systems integration to the particular context of forest supply chains. We also mobilized some concepts from the field of supply chain collaboration. This field of research offers relevant insights to reflect on an appropriate multi-organizational governance model that reconciles the dichotomy between "autonomy" and "interdependence". To achieve our goals, we conducted a multiple case study using a qualitative research method. Five case studies were selected based, among other things, on the level of systems integration employed. As a result, we have been able to better understand how a system-integrator third party interacts with supply chain organizations to facilitate collaborative forest planning. From our results, we first observed that a system-integrator third party helps to make the forest planning process more efficient when there is a good fit between the level of complexity in the coordination context and the observed level of systems integration. We then found that a system-integrator third party helps to ensure and maintain a collaborative culture and build trust in the collaborative planning exercise being studied. Finally, a system-integrator third party allows forest supply chains under study to improve the management of information sharing by enhancing interoperability between ministry and industry organizations. Key words: Collaborative planning, forest planning, systems integration, supply chain collaboration, forest supply chain, case study, qualitative research.
Sarrazin, François. "Intégration d’un centre logistique au sein d’un réseau d'entreprises forestières : impact et analyse." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35433.
Full textThe forest industry represents an important part of Quebec’s economic activity and many local communities depend on this sector. In natural forests, the great diversity of tree species and quality brings an added complexity for sorting operations and the flow of resources. Furthermore, the remoteness of the resource implies high transportation costs. Scientific literature demonstrates that sharing transportation capacity can result in important cost reductions (Epstein et al. 2007), but is quite complex to put into place (Frisk et al.2010). Finally, the transition from push systems towards pull type supply chains and the recent difficulties for this industry (decline of the pulp and paper sector, housing crisis of 2008-09, etc.) make it all the more relevant to examine how to better use the wood resource. In this regard, the creation of sort yards, distinct from both the harvesting sites and the mills, offers many opportunities for maximizing value and minimizing costs. Such centers however, represent an important challenge in regards to their daily management and their insertion in the pre-existing logistics network. We therefore hypothesize that for certain economic, logistical and environmental factors, a logistics center comprised of a sort yard and transportation coordination, could generate cost savings, especially through the use of oversize trucks (Chan et al. 2008) and lower sorting costs (as can be deduced from Favreau 1995). We also sense that the sorting activities performed in such a center would also procure an added economic value for companies using its services by limiting the error rate in the classification of the logs, as presented in Sessions (2005). The purpose of this thesis is therefore to identify key factors regarding their impact on the profitability of a regional forest logistics center, combining a specific sort yard and the use of backhauling. Following this, we consider these factors in the development of a profit maximization model for a forest logistics network with the option of using such a sort yard and/or backhauling. This model was first applied to a fictitious but realistic case using generated data in order to estimate the magnitude of potential profit improvements which reached up to $ 0.88 per m3 available for harvest. The model was then applied to optimize a real and complex network to analyze its performance as well as slightly modified versions. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted and revealed that many factors such as distances from the harvesting zones, the number of oversize trucks and the level of stumpage fees had a significant influence on the profitability of such a center. In addition, a dynamic effect between the operation of the yard and the use of backhauling was observed for the real case. The addition of a sort yard allows to reduce the average length of delivery routes by breaking in two the flow of material between the harvesting areas and the production mills. This makes it easier to fit delivery routes within the legal driving time limit. Most importantly, such a yard can serve both as an origin and a destination, therefore opening the door to important reductions in deadheading.
Reverdy, Thomas. "L'invention du management environnemental : extension de la qualité industrielle et régulation négociée de l'environnement." Phd thesis, Grenoble 2, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00134703.
Full textLegendre, Frédéric. "À l'impossible nul n'est tenu : dans quelle mesure le Comité du commerce et de l'environnement a-t-il aidé l'Organisation mondiale du commerce à concilier commerce et environnement?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27712/27712.pdf.
Full textPhilipp, Bernd. "L'éco-marketing vertical des constructeurs dans un canal de distribution inversée : les fondements du leardership : le cas des déchets bureautiques-informatiques en Suisse." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX24007.
Full textPeignot, Patricia. "Etude de l'évolution de différents aspects de la mise en place de l'organisation sociale dans des groupes de rats Wistar en réponse à une contrainte de l'environnement : différenciation comportementale, structuration de l'espace." Nancy 1, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1994_0060_PEIGNOT.pdf.
Full textDente, Sébastien. "The stakes of circulation in sustainable societies : logistics and functional economy." Thesis, Troyes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TROY0017/document.
Full textFunctional and circular economies are often presented as promising strategies to address the environmental issues associated with our modern production/consumption systems. Within these systems, the circulation processes themselves are usually poorly addressed, in spite of the increasing energy consumption and emissions associated with logistics under the current trends of globalization. The present thesis aims at filling this gap by analyzing the relationship between the representation of human activities and circulation processes and the issue of sustainability. Dealing with the triptych sustainability/supply chain management/circular and functional economies, the thesis shows that the standardized representation of space and time in the current dominant economic conventions acts as a barrier to the development of truly sustainable circulation processes. It finds that the closing loop approach of the circular economy and the product/service approach of the functional economy require specific definitions and policy measures for resources and demand, so that they can be considered as real sustainable strategies. This necessity to develop specific new approaches was further supported with evidence from a new logistics and freight transportation model for France. The model indicates that a generic approach towards a functional economy would lead to 5% increase of CO2 emissions (associated with French interregional traded tons) while a targeted approach would lead to a 3% reduction in comparison to the reference logistics scenario
Books on the topic "Logistique (Organisation) – Aspect de l'environnement"
Industrial organization in Canada: Empirical evidence and policy challenges. McGill-Queen's University Press, 2010.
Santana, Déborah Berman. Kicking off the bootstraps: Environment, development, and community power in Puerto Rico. University of Arizona Press, 1996.
Durning, Alan Thein. Taking stock: Animal farming and the environment. Worldwatch Institute, 1991.
Bridgman, H. A. Global air pollution: Problems for the 1990s. Belhaven Press, 1990.
Inside ISO 14000: The competitive advantage of environmental management. St. Lucie Press, 1996.
Lenssen, Nicholas K. Nuclear waste: The problem that won't go away. Worldwatch Institute, 1991.
Rugman, Alan M. The end of globalization: [a new and radical analysis of globalization and what it means for business] ? Random House Business, 2001.
The end of globalization. Random House Business Books, 2000.
Ainsi va le monde. Berger, 2001.
I, Hamad Taj, Swarts Frederick A. 1952-, and Smart Anne R, eds. Culture of responsibility and the role of NGOs. Paragon House, 2003.