Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Logistique (Organisation) – Méthodes de simulation'
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Borodin, Valeria. "Optimisation et simulation d'une chaîne logistique : application au secteur de l'agriculture." Thesis, Troyes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TROY0034/document.
Full textTo overcome the new challenges facing agricultural sector, imposed by globalisation, changing market demands and price instability, the crop production supply chain must particularly be very reactive, flexible, with a high yield and at low cost. Its improving and eventual re-configuration can lead to an upgrade in efficiency, responsiveness, business integration and make it able to confront the market competitiveness. The thesis is thus placed in this particular context and aims to support decision making in crop harvesting activity, which is considered the pivotal stage in the cereal production circuit owing to its high cost and impact on the returns earned. Managing the harvest activity involves gathering, transportation and storage operations, performed by a collection of agricultural holdings geographically dispersed. Besides its practical relevance, this thesis forms part of the Operational Research (OR) and more specifically, refers to the linear and stochastic programming, discrete event simulation, and their coupling. In addition, the synergy created between OR, inferential and predictive statistics, geographical information system tools makes the decision support system competitive, efficient and responsive
Bélanger, Valérie. "Analyse d'un réseau d'approvisionnement et de distribution : conception d'un modèle de simulation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24851/24851.pdf.
Full textRubaszewski, Julie. "Optimisation de la conception du stockage de déchets radioactifs HA-MAVL à l’aide de la gestion de flux." Thesis, Troyes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TROY0024/document.
Full textThis research project is part of a partnership between ANDRA (National Agency for Radioactive Waste Management) and the LOSI, Institut Charles Delaunay (TSR UMR CNRS), UTT.The thesis aims to design the storage structures for various industrial flows. Flows involved are varied in nature and it is one of the characteristics of the storage. The works must be designed to effect a gradual development, from a "coactivity", that is to say, a coexistence of nuclear flux (the nuclear waste packages and the associated flow, such nuclear ventilation) and conventional flow sites. The design flow and the design of structures to allow these flows are therefore at the heart of the design process of storage.The problem of our industrial partner focuses on flow path design. Our contribution is dedicated to the development of models of flow path design with new constraints and the development of methods. Extensions to the basic model takes into account different type of vehicle, not allowed some segments and taking into account construction costs. Different optimization methods have also been developed and tested. Metaheuristics are based on local search, the ant colony algorithm and the algorithm of bees. Efficiency of methods is demonstrated through tests on literature benchmarks and application to the real case is done by simulation
Feki, Yassine. "Opérationnalisation des stratégies de sélection des prestataires logistiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29826/29826.pdf.
Full textPoulin, Marc. "Personalizing Business Networks." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26643/26643.pdf.
Full textGamoura, Samia Bouras Abdelaziz. "Modélisation et simulation des processus collaboratifs dans les chaînes logistiques une approche multi agents /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2007/chehbi_s.
Full textDing, Hongwei Xie Xiaolan Benyoucef Lyes. "Une approche d'optimisation basée sur la simulation pour la conception des chaînes logistiques applications dans les industries automobile et textile /." Metz : Université Metz, 2008. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2004/Ding.Hongwei.SMZ0414.pdf.
Full textBenmansour, Senouci. "Modélisation de l’activité routière en vue de son intégration dans la chaine logistique." Le Havre, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LEHA0026.
Full textThe work of this thesis contributes to use the Bond Graph (BG) approach to develop both simple and rigorous road traffic model, which extends a large road networks and easily adapted to the aimed analysis level. This model allows us to describe the global dynamic behavior of the traffic on road networks, by taking into account its specificity through all the network components, such as road sections, intersections, highway on and off ramps, toll stations, etc… Moreover, it makes it possible to focus on the behaviour of individual vehicles and their interactions at certain locations on the network requiring precision. This homogeneous description of the traffic in any point of the network and at any moment offers a greater simplicity and a great unity in comparison with the existing traffic models. Given the characteristics of this road network BG model, significant contributions can be brought to control and supervise the traffic. To extend this BG traffic model to study the dynamic behavior of physical flow on supply chain, we have transposed the concepts developed for the traffic to the supply chain
Hassan, Taher. "Logistique hospitalière : organisation de la chaîne logistique pharmaceutique aval et optimisation des flux de consommables et des matériels à usage unique." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00378591.
Full textLegras, François. "Organisation dynamique d'équipes d'engins autonomes par écoute flottante." Toulouse, ENSAE, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00348828.
Full textNfaoui, El Habib El Beqqali Omar Bouras Abdelaziz. "Architecture d'aide à la décision distribuée et de simulation proactive dans les chaînes logistiques une approche multi agent /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2008/nfaoui_eh.
Full textThèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr.
Hafez, Névine Proth Jean-Marie. "CONDITIONS D'EQUILIBRE ET GESTION D'UNITES DE TRANSPORT EN LIBRE SERVICE AVEC DEMANDES ALEATOIRES /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1999. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1999/Hafez.Nevine.SMZ9926.pdf.
Full textLobos, German. "La gestion du risque dans l'industrie vitivinicole du Chili : modélisation logistique et simulation des risques spécifiques." Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON10024.
Full textThe main objective of this study is to contribute to a better knowledge of the wine-growing industry in Chile regarding the development of risk management tools, the modeling of some subjective characteristics of the producers and the disposition to take out insurances and/or use public instruments, as well as the simulation of some specific risks. The thesis is structured in four parts. The first one is related to “Risk Management in the Agricultural Sector” and it includes an analysis of the main sources of risk, the definition of risk aversion, the risk management strategies and the instruments for the financial coverage strategies. The second part includes a “Description of the Wine-growing Sector” in the international world and in Chile, as well as of the high industrial concentration in the Chilean wine market. The third part, called “Exploring the Risks of the Wine-growing Sector”, consists of an analysis of a questionnaire applied to a sample of 104 wine-growers in all the wine producing zones of Chile. The growers' disposition to take risks and the perceptions of the sources of risk are analysed. In addition, the position of the wine-growing companies towards the market and the growers' perception of the futures market, the weather derivatives, the insurance contracts and the public instruments are presented. The fourth part is about “Simulation and Forecast Models for Specific Risks” in the wine-growing sector. It includes the conceptual frame of the stochastic processes, non-stationarity proofs and the formal construction of the forecast models. Finally, the conclusions of the thesis and the cited literature are presented
Ogier, Maxime. "Contributions à la chaine logistique numérique : conception de circuits courts et planification décentralisée." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00981923.
Full textLabarthe, Olivier. "Modélisation et simulation orientées agents de chaînes logistiques dans un contexte de personnalisation de masse : modèles et cadre méthodologique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24075/24075.pdf.
Full textMoyaux, Thierry. "Design, simulation and analysis of collaborative strategies in multi-agent systems : the case of supply chain management." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/22251/22251.pdf.
Full textA supply chain is a set of companies that manufacture and distribute products to consumers. We study the “bullwhip effect” that is propagated therein by modelling each company as an intelligent agent. This effect is the amplification of the variability of orders placed by companies, as one moves away from end-customers. Firstly, we model each company in a Québec wood supply chain as an intelligent agent, in order to propose two decentralized coordination mechanisms reducing this phenomenon. Simulations of this multi-agent system show that our mechanism is efficient for a supply chain as a whole. Secondly, additional simulations are used to build a game, which we analyze with Game Theory. We verify here that companies have no incentive to cease unilaterally from using our two coordination mechanisms (Nash equilibrium).
Tounsi, Jihène. "Modélisation pour la simulation de la chaîne logistique globale dans un environnement de production PME mécatroniques." Phd thesis, Chambéry, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00563977.
Full textHani, Yasmina. "Optimisation physique et logique d'un établissement industriel : étude de l'EIMM de Romilly sur Seine - SNCF." Troyes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TROY0017.
Full textThis thesis presents a reorganization study of production systems, proposed by a train Maintenance Facility SNCF. This study aims at reorganizing workshops of production, physically and logically, in order to improve the performances. Two problems were identified according to their decisional level: layout problem and planning. The layout problem was solved using a quadratic assignment modelling which copes with principal industrial constraints. Two hybrid methods of resolution based on genetic algorithms and ant colony were developed. Results ware found to improve performances of the current layout of about 20%. Both methods ware generalized then tested successfully on benchmark data from the literature. A simulation model with Arena was developed to cope with planning problems. This model enables identification of bottlenecks, and measures impact of new planning solutions. To perform our results, a multiobjective optimization module was coupled with the simulation model. Optimization was performed using 3 important criteria. Results were found to improve all criteria up to 38%. The models and the methods developed in this thesis represent a good tool of decision-making to help reorganization of production systems
Kanellaki-Agathos, Sophie. "Planification et organisation d'action chez l'enfant : /." Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA080868.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study the planing and the organisation of the action that children of 3 to 7 years old, use to solve two types of problems : a) the ones called and b) complexed problems. The material used was that of the hanoi tower and its various versions. The study of the simulation of the individual protocols gave us the chance of testing a model cognitive fonctioning of the solving, based on the notion of constraint. Our results show that : 1) the model proposed by us is valid ; 2) children can plan their actions in the problems called ; 3) the planing is difficult in the hanoi tower problem given that there are particular constraintes on the displacement ; 4) in the case that the constraint of the size does not exist anoymore (version of the hanoi tower problem) the organisation of the action is more easy to make
Packwood, Sonia. "Conceptualisation des fonctions exécutives : prolifération, organisation et mesure." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28568/28568.pdf.
Full textArabi, Mohsen. "An optimization and simulation framework for integrated tactical planning of wood harvesting operations and lumber production." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30029/30029.pdf.
Full textForest and sawmills tactical planning is based on three main elements: wood harvesting, wood transportation and wood transformation. Planning the whole supply chain, is quite complex. Tools have been built to help manager in his decision process, for example FPInterface and Optitek, which were developed by FPInnovations. The aim of this thesis is to develop an optimization module, LogiOpt, which will be integrated to simulation tools. LogiOpt is made of a mathematical model. The developed model aims at optimizing the supply chain between the forest and the mills. Using simulation software solutions and our mathematical model, we combine at the same time in our framework harvesting, transportation, wood allocation and production operations. To test our mathematical model, we used data obtained from one business year of a Quebec based wood manufacturer. We compared our results with a manual simulated tactical plan. In this regard, we observed that LogiOpt performs better in wood allocation between sawmills, harvesting in less harvesting while using wood with better output. We then end up producing more finished products at sawmills using the same wood quantity as a traditional tactical plan.
Alkassem, Khaled. "Evaluation et pilotage des flux manufacturiers : réflexions et propositions." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00171059.
Full textLa partie bibliographique du mémoire expose des définitions courantes et les principes généraux utilisés pour l'étude des flux, puis deux approches particulières : l'approche énergétique et la théorie du trafic. Sur ces bases est ensuite proposée une liste de variables pouvant qualifier un flux à trois niveaux différents et considérés comme complémentaires (les produits dans le flux, les supports du flux et le flux lui-même).
Sur les bases des analyses bibliographiques menées, des propositions de différents ordres sont ensuite faites. La première d'entre elles se concentre sur la définition de variables ou concepts pouvant qualifier un flux hétérogène d'objets discrets. La seconde est une adaptation du tétraèdre de Paynter aux flux manufacturiers. Enfin, un macro-modèle de simulation des flux manufacturiers est proposé.
Ces propositions sont partiellement validées par simulation.
Hafez, Névine. "Conditions d'équilibre et gestion d'unités de transport en libre service avec demandes aléatoires." Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Hafez.Nevine.SMZ9926.pdf.
Full textJerbi, Wassim. "Intégration de l'optimisation et de la simulation pour l'élaboration et l'évaluation de politiques de production et de transport d'une chaîne logistique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25204.
Full textEssaid, Mohand. "Modélisation et simulation de la connectivité des flux logistiques dans les réseaux manufacturiers." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00783593.
Full textBraham, Najoua. "Organisation d'un système de simulation de cas autour d'un système expert en hématologie." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPS144.
Full textCossard, Nicolas. "Un environnement logiciel de modélisation et d'optimisation pour la planification de la production dans la chaîne logistique." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CLF21548.
Full textBaalbaki, Hassan. "Logistique hospitalière à l’aide de robots mobiles reconfigurables." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EMSE0618/document.
Full textDue to the expansion of the life duration and the shortage of medical personal in hospitals the EU funded IWARD project as part of the IFP6 program. The aims of this project were to assist the medical personnel in logistic and non medical tasks (transport, cleaning, environmental monitoring, guidance and tele-monitoring) through the usage of mobile, reconfigurable, rechargeable robots, thus letting the Medical staff to concentrate on medical aspects of their work.This thesis was part of this project, and our work consisted on developing a decision making framework for the team of robots.In the first part of the thesis, we address the strategic decisions essentially the: (i) the robots’ home station location problem, (ii) Robot‘s reconfiguration problems and (iii) Robots recharging scheduling. We formulate those problems as a linear problems and we propose to solve them using Mixed Integer Programming (MIP). We also present a formulation using a column generation approach to solve those problems.In the later part we address the tactical problems, mainly the mission assignment, the mission scheduling and rescheduling. We present two different approaches; a centralized decision finder implemented using genetic algorithms. And a decentralized approach using auction like and market based algorithms in order to provided collaborative decision making framework.Finally we compare those two approaches using a custom made discrete event simulation (DES)
Delaître, Loïc. "Méthodologies pour optimiser le transport de marchandises en ville : application aux villes moyennes et dans le cadre de l’agglomération de La Rochelle." Paris, ENMP, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004670.
Full textThe distribution of goods in urban areas is essential for their prosperity. With their economic role, they cannot work without an appropriated system of goods distribution. Unfortunately, problems with the distribution of goods in the city slow down the adaptability and the efficiency of the transportation system. The main impacts are the pollution because of noise, the emissions of pollutants such as NOx (nitrogen oxide), the contribution to global warming by emissions of greenhouse gases such as CO2 (carbon dioxide) and the physical obstruction of flows of city users. In this context, this thesis aims to propose a conceptual model and a simulation approach of urban freight transport, in order to, ultimately, develop a decision aid tool for urban communities. We propose to present this approach by relying on the European project SUCCESS from the CIVITAS programme in which the urban community of La Rochelle is used to validate our work. Thanks to the models presented in this thesis, it is possible to develop diagnostic tools and decision aid tools that can play a major role in identifying solutions in a medium term vision. In combination with the skills of technical services of the cities, these tools can formalize hypothetical situations to measure the consequences of future decisions. The feedback from the urban community of Poitiers indicates that these tools are mainly required for their ability to provide a basis for reflection during the dialogues and discussions with the various actors of city logistic
André, Virginie. "Problème de livraison - collecte dans un environnement hospitalier : méthodes d'optimisation, modèle de simulation et couplages." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00824815.
Full textBelaidi, Aissam. "Organisation et pilotage de la prise en charge des patients dans le cadre du réseau des urgences." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00439525.
Full textBaccouche, Ahlem. "Incertitude et flexibilité dans l'optimisation via simulation ; application aux systèmes de production." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF22281/document.
Full textSimulation is more and more used in studies of design and organization of complex systems. A simulation optimization study search for the system parameters that yield the best performance. However, in many complex systems, data can be uncertain (e.g., the operating conditions of the system or the behavior of decision makers). Therefore, even when the simulation optimization study is performed with the greatest care, the solutions may be inadequate. In this context, our goal is to study how to optimize, via simulation, a robust system. The extensive literature review we conducted shows that few simulation optimization approaches incorporate uncertainty and they can be very limited in their ability to provide robust solutions in a reasonable processing time, especially when metaheuristics are used. In addition, most existing approaches provide a single solution to the design problem and are not adapted to take into account the collaborative aspects (decision maker’s team). Therefore, we propose a novel approach connecting a search for solutions by evolutionary multimodal optimization and the evaluation of the system performance by simulation. Our approach allows to obtain a diverse set of designs that can be considered as efficient in terms of their performance and to provide decision-Makers with flexibility in the choice of the solution to implement. In addition, we use this flexibility to integrate first, the individual preferences of the members of decision maker’s team and secondly, the presence of multiple environments For studying the robustness of solutions in a reasonable processing time compared to other approaches based on metaheuristics. The proposed approaches are illustrated with an example of supply chain. With this application, we have shown that in addition to providing a choice of efficient solutions for sizing the system, we propose "collectively acceptable" solutions to the decision-Making team and we identify robust solutions. Then, these approaches provide flexibility to the decision phase and contribute to the consideration of uncertainty in the simulation optimization of the system
Jlassi, Jihen. "Amélioration de la performance par la modélisation des flux logistiques des patients dans un service d'urgence hospitalier." Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00637849.
Full textMustapha, Karam. "Un cadre méthodologique et une architecture logicielle orientés agents pour la modélisation et la simulation organisationnelles de chaînes logistiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX30056.
Full textIn the search for performance of supply chains, modeling and simulation of these chains, taking into account the organizational aspects are needed. In this perspective, firstly we propose a new methodology for modeling and simulation of supply chains oriented agents, taking into account explicitly the organizational aspects, both structural and dynamic as well as observable indicators in the modeling of these chains. This methodological framework is structured along two main levels of abstraction, conceptual and operational levels. For each level we have models that are proposed and described in details. Then, to simulate the simulation models of supply chains obtained by this methodological framework, we propose a multi-paradigm software architecture specific. This architecture supports the integration of different platforms simulation is based on a mediator, providing a multi-agent system, and ensuring the interaction between the simulators. The agents of this mediator is responsible for collecting required information to produce observables and maintaining the organizational structure while the organizational entities (groups) are distributed over different simulators and interoperability between these simulators, and finally ensuring the validity of the simulation for a temporal point of view. Finally, the implementation of the methodological framework and the proposed software architecture are shown in a realistic industrial case supply chain. The presentation of the design phase is detailed and the specification and implementation of industrial case in environmental modeling and simulation proposed
Chapuis, Kevin. "Happywork : modélisation multi-agents de la satisfaction au travail." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066152/document.
Full textWe study in this thesis the subjective formation of job satisfaction and the impact of organization on employees satisfaction. First, we work on the modeling of psychological process of job satisfaction, defined as an attitude at work. Then, we propose a model to study the impact of work organization on work activity. Our research aims to study job satisfaction using an innovative methodological and theoretical approach in the domain of social simulation: based on major theories in the fields of organizational psychology and economy of well-being, our goal is to produce an agent-based model of the cognitive aspects of job satisfaction. Our purpose is to provide a theoretically as well as empirically grounded model of job satisfaction that fosters the understanding of organizational impact on employees' satisfaction. To do so, we tested our model on an ideal scenario of work conditions improvement policy. The results revealed that this policy do not systematically causes a global improvement on job satisfaction: agent's cognitive profil, that is a typical way to evaluate job satisfaction, have a great impact on policy outcomes. Next, we tested our model using a scenario based on a panel survey of work conditions conducted in a big french organization during 2013/14. We were able to reproduce declared individual levels of job satisfaction. Furthemore, in order to provide a more realistic representation of work improvement policy, we have also developed a work activity model. Firstly, we analyzed the impact of various work organizations on organizational performance, then we conducted an analysis of the impact of work activity on the formation of burnout episodes. This last study helped us to bring up the importance of work activity and organization on employees' well-being; the aim being eventually to propose a coupled model of work activity and job satisfaction
Aloui, Saber. "Contribution à la modélisation et l'analyse du risque dans une organisation de santé au moyen d'une approche système." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00204007.
Full textUn Centre Hospitalier (CH) est considéré comme une entreprise de service particulière nécessitant des outils d'aide au pilotage spécifiques. La mission essentielle est effectivement d'assurer la sécurité du patient et la qualité des soins liés à tout acte médical. Cette mission est soumise à des contraintes toujours plus strictes d'ordre médical, éthique, social, financier, légal ou même politique. De ce fait, il est aisé de constater que l'organisation d'un CH s'inspire désormais de plus en plus des organisations industrielles recentrées autour de la notion de client. Le pilotage doit donc prendre en compte toutes ces contraintes et la nature même du client qu'est le patient. Ce travail de recherche consiste à exploiter les concepts, méthodes et outils de la Modélisation d'Entreprise et de l'Ingénierie Système, pour les appliquer à la maîtrise des risques dans le milieu hospitalier, et en particulier au Circuit du Médicament. Ce travail vise plusieurs objectifs:
- il s'agit de représenter le système sociotechnique complexe hôpital avec ses particularités, différentes vues et niveaux de détail de modélisation.
- ensuite, il s'agit de vérifier les modèles dans un but d'analyse des risques.
Troudi, Asma. "Contribution au dimensionnement d'un parc de drones de livraison urbaine et de son système de maintien en conditions opérationnelles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080054.
Full textDelivery in the urban environment is an important issue that cities want to put in place. The aim is to try to improve the activity of urban delivery (last mile delivery) and find faster delivery methods that adapt to market requirements (e-commerce).In our study, we are interested in using a fleet of drones in an urban environment to transport parcels. This use raises questions that are related to logistical support of this park in an operating environment and which are little discussed in the research. Our goal, in this thesis, is to propose approaches to size the drone park and the appropriate logistic support system. We will, first of all, focus our study on the specificities of drone and determine the scope of its logistic support system. We then propose a mathematical model that describes the delivery missions of drones and takes into account temporal, energy and capacity constraints. This model solves a sizing problem related to the UAV delivery activity. This sizing is based on the nature of the delivery activity (delivery tasks), the type of drone and also on the adopted battery charging strategy (s) which must be respected during their operations. . Finally, using simulation and based on the results of the digital resolution, we were able to have a global vision on the operation of a fleet of delivery drones as well as its logistic support system
Ben, Jbara Noah. "Risk management in supply chains : a simulation and model-based approach." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI003.
Full textControlling risks is an important issue for companies. Far from being only the prerogative of natural disasters, the disruptions of today's supply chains can sometimes be caused by minor events amplified by the flaws of increasingly complex industrial organizations, causing severe economic losses.Risk management in supply chains is a recent theme and the proposed solutions are not yet able to meet the needs of practitioners. One of the solutions to analyse risks is using simulation. But, despite its effectiveness to cover the complexity of the chain, it still presents a major weakness which is the difficulty of implementation.The aim of this thesis is to facilitate and to adapt the simulation for risk analysis of supply chains. Thus, we have developed a modeling framework for simulation which enables an easy construction of models of supply chain structure, behavior and if the associated risks. This is done through the proposition of a set of meta-models and libraries, defined on the basis of the SCOR reference model. In addition, we proposed a translation guide for the translation of the conceptual model of supply chains into a simulation model and enabling testing risk scenario. Additionaly, we developed a library of simulation modules.A case study was conducted and the results show the relevance of the proposed approach
Garnier, Simon. "Décisions collectives dans des systèmes d'intelligence en essaim." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/386/.
Full textThrough an approach mixing ethology and robotics, experiments and simulations, we were interested in two self-organizing mechanisms used by two social insect species to collectively make decisions. Based on behavioural mimicry, these mechanisms most of the time lead individuals belonging to a group to reach a consensus. We studied in particular the influence of the physical structure of the environment on the final choice of the group. Our results shows that an asymmetry in the structure of the environment can be amplified by the underlying self-organizing process and therefore leads the group to select a particular alternative in most of the cases. As a consequence, taking into account the interaction between the behaviour of the group and the structure of the environment is of crucial importance during the study of animal societies and also during the design of artificial self-organized systems
Alia, Claude. "Conception et réalisation d'un modèle didactique d'enseignement de la gestion en milieu professionnel." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20150.
Full textRetmi, Kawtar. "Une approche pour une évaluation économique des décisions opérationnelles et tactiques : mise en œuvre sur la Supply chain de l’OCP." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100165/document.
Full textOCP SA is Morocco’s largest company. It is widely considered as owning some 60% of phosphate world reserves and is engaged in a process of Supply Chain control. Initially specialized in phosphate ore extraction, OCP SA has expanded, few years ago, its activities to include production of phosphate fertilizers using chemical processing. Under our research project, we focus on economic management of OCP’s Hybrid Supply chain (HSC). A HSC comprises multiple interrelated discrete and continuous processes together forming an integrated process from the supplier down to the end customer. In such a system, the production rationale includes both batch and flow models. Each discrete or continuous process seeks to capture part of the value created by the organizational collaboration performed either in internal supply chains made up of business unit or in external ones made up of legally independent entities.At first, we focused on the representation of physical functioning. So a simulation model that allows us to reproduce this functioning has been done from the process mapping we have done. The modeling / Simulation technique mobilized in the modeling framework of this type of supply chain is the Discrete Event Simulation (DES) which allows reproducing the operational functioning of the HSCBy working on the command, this implies a specific management control with a definition of a dynamic repository that will depend on the simulation model. This repository can be used by the interactive decision support system of management control in order to improve decision-making. Therefore, we must measure the economic impact, evaluate the decision-making alternatives and analyze the gaps. To do this, it is necessary to rely on a management accounting based on a second modeling / simulation in order to propose a cost model. This second simulation relies on a finer representation of the processes in a perspective of periodic financial reporting and must allow better appreciate the cost drivers. In this context, we have chosen the Activity Based Costing (ABC) method. In addition, in process mapping, each production step involving a process change and contributing to its discretization represents a triggering event highlighting a cost driver. We have thus processed each process at the level of the "acid" BU and at the level of the "fertilizer" BU to determine the inductors used to allocate the expenses. Our ABC model is therefore used to measure the value creation for each BUs of the HSC and it is able to take into account all the outputs and inputs of each processing entity.Later, our aim is to explore the integration of the notion of cost in the simulation model. The limit of the discrete event simulation is manifested in the level of information provided on costs. To assess production costs, and the influence of the diversity of production scenario, variable costs must be included. This can be provided by the combination of the discrete event simulation with the ABC method. So we have proposed an approach that will be implemented in the context of the OCP HSC. This approach will take into account the coupling between ABC and SED with all the translation rules to can, from the existing management control system that is associated with a functional unit cost centers, go to the BUs oriented industrial processes. It will also enable us to structure the physical and financial flow performance indicators in the form of a scorecard
Fouqueray, Timothée. "Adaptations aux incertitudes climatiques de long terme : trajectoires socio-écologiques de la gestion forestière française." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA029.
Full textAdapting forest management to climate change (CC) is a key issue, as forests are crucial for mitigation policies and the provision of many ecosystem services (ES). Understanding the magnitude of the progress made in this respect can help shape further adaptation developments and avoid the putative maladaptive side effects of forest management evolutions. Here, I aim to bridge the knowledge gap of adaptation implementation in French forests.Chapter 1: Based on semi-structured interviews with foresters, my findings highlight unprecedented aspects of adaptations: (i) a focus on productive ES at the expense of other essential services such as water supply or natural habitats; (ii) adaptations rely on technical changes in forest management and do not deal with climate impacts through organizational or economic tools; and (iii) envisaging ecological processes through adaptations is instrumental and limited to small spatial and temporal scales. My results also extend the existing body of knowledge to the framework of forest management: (i) CC is not the main driver of forestry changes; (ii) extreme events are windows of opportunity to stimulate adaptive changes; and (iii) proactive adaptation to unexperienced hazards is very weak.Chapter 2: Assessment of the diversity of research projects in the forest sciences focusing on CC. I categorized projects according to discipline and main focus, using data from the online description of French public calls for proposals and from selected projects. Since 1997, mitigation research has gradually given way to adaptation. Despite pledges for the inclusion of social sciences, research rarely draws on the social sciences and focuses on ES of economic interest. Biomass production is paramount, being addressed either directly or through projects on tree species of industrial interest. Hence, instead of a diverse search for adaptation strategies, climate research is geared toward a few ES. Without denying the need for timber and biofuel production, I encourage public funders to complement current calls for proposals with more diverse approaches beneficial for both biomass production and other ES.Chapter 3: I study how multiple mechanisms for the mitigation of CC have been developed, drawing on a combination of reducing and offsetting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. While mechanisms are mandatory for certain economic sectors, some business that are not required to mitigate their GHG emissions would nevertheless like to do so. I examine two study cases in France to analyze how public and private foresters seized this opportunity to obtain complementary funding from such companies for forestry operations. I focus on offset contracts issued by associations linking public sector forestry agencies, forest landowners, and offset funders. Carbon mitigation was a reason shared by all contractors to commit to the agreement, although it concealed multifarious motivations. Hence, I argue that voluntary offset contracts act like a Trojan horse by enabling foresters to dialogue with entities that would otherwise not be interested in supporting forest management. Regional embedding was crucial to overcoming the mitigation challenges.Chapter 4: To gain insight on how can socio-economic adaptive tools complement technical evolutions of forestry, I designed Foster Forest, a participatory simulation of forest management. It combines a role-playing game, an agent-based model, and a scenario of CC with high uncertainties. Drawing from multiple applications in French regions, I show that climate change is not a short-term matter of concern for private and public foresters. I analyze the emergence of socio-economic changes (mainly payment for carbon storage) in the provision of ES, and participants’ negotiations to spontaneously change the simulation rules. I also highlight how collective adaptive action was steered by stakeholders with a public interest role
Sadeghi, Rezvan. "Consistency of global and local scheduling decisions in semiconductor manufacturing." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEM023.
Full textThe operational level in semiconductor manufacturing can be divided into a global level and a local level. The global level refers to the scheduling decisions and production control for the whole manufacturing facility (fab), while the local level deals with those issues in each work area. The global level provides objectives or constraints for the local level. In this thesis, we propose a general framework which aims at supporting and controlling the decisions taken at the local level to deal with consistency problems between global and local scheduling decisions. The framework is composed of two layers. The bottom layer includes local policies used in each work center. The top layer consists of global objectives, global information and a global strategy which is the core of this framework. The proposed global strategy aims at controlling local policies as well as production processes. The idea is to periodically run the global strategy while production is performed to guide the production process towards achieving global objectives, and thus ensuring consistency between decisions taken at the global and local levels. We propose two types of global strategy: (1) An evaluation-based strategy which aims at improving the production process with no guarantee to determine an optimal solution and (2) An optimization-based strategy, based on a Linear Programming model. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed framework, we develop a data-driven generic simulation model for semiconductor manufacturing facilities. The simulation model is a combination of Agent-Based and Discrete Event modelling methods developed with the software AnyLogic. Since the standard solver IBM ILOG CPLEX is used to solve the linear programming model, we describe its integration with AnyLogic. A set of experiments on industrial instances are presented and discussed. In addition, this thesis deals with the management of time constraints. In a semiconductor manufacturing facility, time constraints are associated to two process steps to ensure the yield and quality of lots. A time constraint corresponds to a maximum time that a lot can spend between the two steps. If a time constraint is not satisfied by a lot, this lot will be scrapped or reprocessed. Therefore, because manufacturing equipment is expensive and cycle times must be minimized, efficiently controlling the start of lots in time constraints is important. We propose an approach which estimates the probability of satisfying a time constraint before starting a lot in the first step of the time constraint. This approach was implemented and validated on industrial constraints
Sakli, Leila. "Modélisation et évaluation des vulnérabilités et des risques dans les chaînes logistiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4374.
Full textDespite their distributed nature, these supply chains can be very efficient in the ideal conditions of production and exchange. However, their complexity makes them more fragile. This dissertation proposes models and methods for risk analysis to enhance the robustness and resilience of SCs. We analyzed this area following an ontological approach using the KOD method. Based on state of the art in the field of risk in SCs, and on real cases, we identified the indicators of the most significant vulnerabilities. From the extracted knowledge and mathematical models proposed in the literature, we built the model of a multi-stage SC using ARIMA models incorporating the randomness of the demand. In order to adapt this model to situations of vulnerability and risk, we have added capacity and positivity constraints on orders and inventories. Under the impact of hazardous events or strong disturbances, some constraints of the system can be reached and therefore, its evolution may deviate considerably from the nominal dynamics or even become unstable. We proposed vulnerability indicators such as indicators of the frequency of delivery delays or costs due to the immobilization of products. Finally, scenarios were used to represent the occurrence of dangerous events. We then got simulation results in MATLAB, which allowed us to assess their consequences for different configurations of the system, especially for strong disturbances of information flows and physical flows
Alattar, Farah Basma. "Débats participatifs en ligne et hors ligne en milieu scolaire - Pour une éducation à la citoyenneté." Thesis, Paris 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA030001.
Full textOur action-research refers to active and project pedagogy. We have considered ways of developing participatory debates in schools, using a digital environment; we have based this reflection on a concrete experience conducted from a Parisian high school: a multilingual simulation of international parliaments that we have named "Parliament of Future Citizens".We first highlighted the role of these discussions and consultations in raising students' awareness of the need to build a more humane world. We have complemented this training in debates with the creation of a Non-Governmental Organization in the field of health. The objective was to give citizenship education its deep meaning by allowing Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian and Turkish pupils to move from a virtual space of discussion to an associative space of mediation that works for solidarity actions. Finally, through the establishment of a Hackathon with European students, we have demonstrated that competition and democratic debates aimed at inclusive education are complementary and mutually developing.Managing an international educational environment for online and offline debates in high-school requires the teacher to implement rigorous social engineering, training and education, thought in terms of tools, planning and human resources management. This hybrid education organization must be able to combine online devices with dedicated tools ranging from content aggregators, forums, training sites, online voting to the organization of the platform dedicated to e-learning
Vacher, Blandine. "Techniques d'optimisation appliquées au pilotage de la solution GTP X-PTS pour la préparation de commandes intégrant un ASRS." Thesis, Compiègne, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COMP2566.
Full textThe work presented in this PhD thesis deals with optimization problems in the context of internal warehouse logistics. The field is subject to strong competition and extensive growth, driven by the growing needs of the market and favored by automation. SAVOYE builds warehouse storage handling equipment and offers its own GTP (Goods-To-Person) solution for order picking. The solution uses an Automated Storage and Retrieval System (ASRS) called X-Picking Tray System (X-PTS) and automatically routes loads to workstations via carousels to perform sequenced operations. It is a highly complex system of systems with many applications for operational research techniques. All this defines the applicative and theoretical scope of the work carried out in this thesis. In this thesis, we have first dealt with a specific scheduling Job Shop problem with precedence constraints. The particular context of this problem allowed us to solve it in polynomial time with exact algorithms. These algorithms made it possible to calculate the injection schedule of the loads coming from the different storage output streams to aggregate on a carousel in a given order. Thus, the inter-aisle management of the X-PTS storage was improved and the throughput of the load flow was maximized, from the storage to a station. In the sequel of this work, the radix sort LSD (Least Significant Digit) algorithm was studied and a dedicated online sorting algorithm was developed. The second one is used to drive autonomous sorting systems called Buffers Sequencers (BS), which are placed upstream of each workstation in the GTP solution. Finally, a sequencing problem was considered, consisting of finding a linear extension of a partial order minimizing a distance with a given order. An integer linear programming approach, different variants of dynamic programming and greedy algorithms were proposed to solve it. An efficient heuristic was developed based on iterative calls of dynamic programming routines, allowing to reach a solution close or equal to the optimum in a very short time. The application of this problem to the unordered output streams of X-PTS storage allows pre-sorting at the carousel level. The various solutions developed have been validated by simulation and some have been patented and/or already implemented in warehouses